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Montero-Marin J, Hinze V, Crane C, Dalrymple N, Kempnich MEJ, Lord L, Slaghekke Y, Tudor K, Byford S, Dalgleish T, Ford TJ, Greenberg MT, Ukoumunne OC, Williams JMG, Kuyken W. Do Adolescents Like School-Based Mindfulness Training? Predictors of Mindfulness Practice and Responsiveness in the MYRIAD Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1256-1269. [PMID: 37236303 PMCID: PMC10935541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored what predicts secondary school students' mindfulness practice and responsiveness to universal school-based mindfulness training (SBMT), and how students experience SBMT. METHOD A mixed-methods design was used. Participants were 4,232 students (11-13 years of age), in 43 UK secondary schools, who received universal SBMT (ie, ".b" program), within the MYRIAD trial (ISRCTN86619085). Following previous research, student, teacher, school, and implementation factors were evaluated as potential predictors of students' out-of-school mindfulness practice and responsiveness (ie, interest in and attitudes toward SBMT), using mixed-effects linear regression. We explored pupils' SBMT experiences using thematic content analysis of their answers to 2 free-response questions, 1 question focused on positive experiences and 1 question on difficulties/challenges. RESULTS Students reported practicing out-of-school mindfulness exercises on average once during the intervention (mean [SD] = 1.16 [1.07]; range, 0-5). Students' average ratings of responsiveness were intermediate (mean [SD] = 4.72 [2.88]; range, 0-10). Girls reported more responsiveness. High risk of mental health problems was associated with lower responsiveness. Asian ethnicity and higher school-level economic deprivation were related to greater responsiveness. More SBMT sessions and better quality of delivery were associated with both greater mindfulness practice and responsiveness. In terms of students' experiences of SBMT, the most frequent themes (60% of the minimally elaborated responses) were an increased awareness of bodily feelings/sensations and increased ability to regulate emotions. CONCLUSION Most students did not engage with mindfulness practice. Although responsiveness to the SMBT was intermediate on average, there was substantial variation, with some youth rating it negatively and others rating it positively. Future SBMT developers should consider co-designing curricula with students, carefully assessing the student characteristics, aspects of the school environment, and implementation factors associated with mindfulness practice and responsiveness. SBMT teacher training is key, as more observed proficiency in SBMT teaching is associated with greater student mindfulness practice and responsiveness to SBMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Montero-Marin
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Liz Lord
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kate Tudor
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Byford
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Micheli N, Porcelli P, Barrault-Couchouron M, Dantzer C. Does the practice of mindfulness reduce somatic symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety? A community-based survey. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996559. [PMID: 36571039 PMCID: PMC9784913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have shown an increase of psychological distress in the general population. Previous research demonstrated that high levels of anxiety are associated with reporting more somatic symptoms. The ability to adaptively regulate emotions is essential to deal with stressful situations, and it is one of the main components of mindfulness practice. The aim of the present study was to document the effect of mindfulness practice on somatic symptoms and psychological distress in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study has a descriptive cross-sectional design. During the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, between November 2020 and January 2021 participants living in France responded to an online survey on the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress and physical health. The questionnaire included the assessment of COVID-19-related anxiety, mindfulness practice and experience, dispositional mindfulness, somatization, depression, generalized anxiety, and emotion regulation. Results A total of 569 people (mean age = 39.8 years, 90% women) were included in the study. COVID-19 related anxiety was associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety, and depression. About half of the sample (n = 318, 56%) reported moderate to severe somatic symptoms that were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower levels of dispositional mindfulness and to the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Overall, 164 subjects (28.8%) reported practicing meditation. No differences were found in dispositional mindfulness (MAAS score) between beginners and advanced practitioners, regardless of the type, years, frequency, and length of practice. Participants with less experience in mindfulness practice reported a significant higher number of somatic symptoms than non-practitioners and a higher use of rumination. Moreover, mindfulness experience was associated with the use of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Conclusion Mindfulness meditation has been promoted as a practice enhancing well-being and helping to cope with the psychological impact of stressful events. However, in a distressing situation as COVID-19 pandemic, a limited experience in mindfulness practices might result in the development or endurance of somatic symptoms. Adequate training and a focus on mindful acceptance, may contribute to enhance the effectiveness of mindfulness practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Micheli
- Univertité de Bordeaux, LabPsy UR 4139, Bordeaux, France,*Correspondence: Noemi Micheli,
| | - Piero Porcelli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cécile Dantzer
- Univertité de Bordeaux, LabPsy UR 4139, Bordeaux, France
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Huang CC, Tu B, Zhang H, Huang J. Mindfulness Practice and Job Performance in Social Workers: Mediation Effect of Work Engagement. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10739. [PMID: 36078454 PMCID: PMC9518503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite a rapid increase in the work force over the last decade, the social work labor force is still suffering through high amounts of stress and burnout that could negatively affect work engagement and job performance in China. A potential solution worth exploring, however, is the practice of mindfulness, a concept based on expanding one's awareness to target focus without judgement. Using 537 social workers from street-level social work service stations in Guangzhou, China, this paper examines the relation between mindfulness practice and job performance, and whether work engagement mediated the relation through the application of the job demand and resources theory. The findings indicate that that mindfulness practice directly increases work engagement (Beta = 0.33) and has an indirect effect on job performance (Beta = 0.21) through its effect on work engagement that fully mediated the relation between mindfulness practice and job performance. In contrast to formal mindful practices (Beta = 0.13), informal mindful practices (Beta = 0.22) encompass a broader impact on employee performance. The findings suggest that mindfulness practice can effectively be used in workspaces to enhance engagement and performance of social workers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bin Tu
- Guangdong Research Center for NPO, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
| | - Huiyu Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
| | - Jamie Huang
- Huamin Research Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Abstract
Over the span of nearly 10 years, the social work labor force grew from 0.2 million to approximately 1.2 million in China. Despite these increases, studies have shown social workers in China are also experiencing equally high burnout rates. For this analysis, we collected data from 537 social workers based in Guangzhou, China. We used the job demands and resources (JD-R) theory, to examine the relations between JD-R and burnout and whether mindfulness practice (MP) could reduce any such burnout. Our results suggest JD-R affects social workers' burnout through both health and motivation impairment. High job demands (JD) were linked to high burnout while high job resources (JR) were linked to a reduction in burnout. Formal (Beta = -0.08) and informal (Beta = -0.19) MP were associated with low burnout amongst social workers. The significant interaction between JD and MP also suggests that MP can reduce burnout for social workers with high JD. The findings call for using MP to be used to shield social workers from the effects of increasing JD and to prevent an increase of burnout amongst Chinese social workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sophie Sitar
- Rutgers Law School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Meifen Yang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
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Di Giuseppe M, Gemignani A, Conversano C. Psychological Resources Against the Traumatic Experience of Covid-19. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2020; 17:85-87. [PMID: 34908974 PMCID: PMC8629078 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychological resources, such as defense mechanism and mindfulness practice, can mediate the individual reaction to traumatic experiences as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A novel self-reported measure based on the DMRS (DMRS-SR-30), has been developed with the aim of assessing potential adaptive defensive strategies against the traumatic experience of COVID-19. Preliminary validation of the DMRS-SR-30 showed good internal consistency in both overall defensive functioning and subscales. Combining adaptive defense mechanisms and mindfulness practice could prevent psychological distress due to the effect of COVID-19 losses and quarantining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Roos C, Kirouac M, Stein E, Wilson A, Bowen S, Witkiewitz K. An open trial of rolling admission mindfulness-based relapse prevention (Rolling MBRP): feasibility, acceptability, dose-response relations, and mechanisms. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 10:1062-1073. [PMID: 31354877 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). However, evidence is primarily based on studies of closed groups, and few studies support flexible formats of MBRP, such as rolling groups. This nonrandomized, open trial evaluated feasibility, acceptability, dose-response relations, and mechanisms of rolling admission MBRP ("Rolling MBRP") offered as part of short-term residential treatment for SUD. Rolling MBRP was developed prior to the trial through an iterative process over several years. Participants included 109 adults (46% female, 74.3% racial/ethnic minorities, mean age=36.40). Rolling MBRP was offered to all patients in the program 2x/week and attendance was tracked. Outcomes were craving, self-efficacy, mental health, mindfulness, and self-compassion at discharge. Self-reported out-of-session mindfulness practice was examined as a mediator of attendance-outcome relations. Analyses involved multiple regression and mediation models. Feasibility was demonstrated by good attendance rates. Acceptability was demonstrated by high engagement in mindfulness practice and high satisfaction ratings. Total sessions attended did not predict outcomes at discharge. However, attending 2+ sessions (versus 1 or none) significantly predicted better mental health and higher mindfulness at discharge, and these effects were mediated by informal and formal mindfulness practice. Total sessions attended had significant indirect effects on craving, self-compassion, mindfulness, and mental health, via mindfulness practice. Results support the feasibility and acceptability of Rolling MBRP and suggest mindfulness practice may be a key mechanism driving effects of MBRP on other key mechanisms during the recovery process, such as decreased craving and improved mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Megan Kirouac
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Elena Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Adam Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Sarah Bowen
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 190 SE 8th Avenue, Hillsboro OR 97123
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
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Abstract
Anxiety is common during pregnancy and associated with poorer outcomes for mother and child. Our single-arm pilot study of an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) intervention for pregnant women with elevated anxiety showed significant pre- to post-intervention improvements in anxiety, depression, worry, mindfulness, and self-compassion. It remains unclear whether these improvements are maintained post-partum and whether amount of formal mindfulness practice is correlated with outcomes. The current study examined whether 1) improvements in psychosocial outcomes were maintained three months postpartum; 2) women were adherent to formal practice recommendations; and 3) amount of mindfulness practice was correlated with outcomes. Twenty-three pregnant women (Mage=33.5, SD=4.40; 75% White; 71% with Generalized Anxiety Disorder) completed home practice logs throughout the intervention, and self-report measures before and after the intervention and three months postpartum. Results indicated that previously reported post-intervention improvements in anxiety, worry, mindfulness, and self-compassion were maintained postpartum (p's<.05), and reductions in depression further improved (p<.001). Participants were generally adherent to mindfulness practice recommendations during the intervention (54%-80% weekly adherence; M=17.31 total practice hours [SD=7.45]), and many continued practicing one-week post-intervention (91%) and postpartum (55%). Mindfulness practice during the intervention was not significantly correlated with any outcome at post-intervention or postpartum. Mindfulness practice postpartum was only marginally related to improved worry postpartum (p=.05). MBCT may be associated with maintained improvements in psychosocial outcomes for women during pregnancy and postpartum, but the role of mindfulness practice is unclear. Research using larger samples and randomized controlled designs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Luberto
- Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, 02114.,MGH Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, 151 Merrimac St, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Elyse R Park
- Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, 02114.,MGH Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, 151 Merrimac St, Boston, MA, 02114.,MGH Mongan Institute Health Policy Center, 50 Staniford St # 901, Boston, MA 02114 Boston, MA
| | - Janice H Goodman
- MGH Institute for Health Professions, 36 1st Ave, Charlestown, MA 02129
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Bondolfi G, Jermann F, der Linden MV, Gex-Fabry M, Bizzini L, Rouget BW, Myers-Arrazola L, Gonzalez C, Segal Z, Aubry JM, Bertschy G. Depression relapse prophylaxis with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: replication and extension in the Swiss health care system. J Affect Disord 2010; 122:224-31. [PMID: 19666195 PMCID: PMC2866251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a group intervention that integrates elements of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with components of mindfulness training to prevent depressive relapse. The efficacy of MBCT compared to Treatment As Usual (TAU), shown in two randomized controlled trials indicates a significant decrease in 1-year relapse rates for patients with at least three past depressive episodes. The present study is the first independent replication trial comparing MBCT+TAU to TAU alone across both language and culture (Swiss health care system). METHODS Sixty unmedicated patients in remission from recurrent depression (>or=3 episodes) were randomly assigned to MBCT+TAU or TAU. Relapse rate and time to relapse were measured over a 60 week observation period. The frequency of mindfulness practices during the study was also evaluated. RESULTS Over a 14-month prospective follow-up period, time to relapse was significantly longer with MBCT+TAU than TAU alone (median 204 and 69 days, respectively), although both groups relapsed at similar rates. Analyses of homework adherence revealed that following treatment termination, the frequency of brief and informal mindfulness practice remained unchanged over 14 months, whereas the use of longer formal meditation decreased over time. LIMITATIONS Relapse monitoring was 14months in duration and prospective reporting of mindfulness practice would have yielded more precise frequency estimates compared to the retrospective methods we utilized. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to determine which patient characteristics, beyond the number of past depressive episodes, may predict differential benefits from this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bondolfi
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
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