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Kumar P, Banik SP, Ohia SE, Moriyama H, Chakraborty S, Wang CK, Song YS, Goel A, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Current Insights on the Photoprotective Mechanism of the Macular Carotenoids, Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Safety, Efficacy and Bio-Delivery. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38393321 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2319090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ocular health has emerged as one of the major issues of global health concern with a decline in quality of life in an aging population, in particular and rise in the number of associated morbidities and mortalities. One of the chief reasons for vision impairment is oxidative damage inflicted to photoreceptors in rods and cone cells by blue light as well as UV radiation. The scenario has been aggravated by unprecedented rise in screen-time during the COVID and post-COVID era. Lutein and Zeaxanthin are oxygenated carotenoids with proven roles in augmentation of ocular health largely by virtue of their antioxidant properties and protective effects against photobleaching of retinal pigments, age-linked macular degeneration, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. These molecules are characterized by their characteristic yellow-orange colored pigmentation and are found in significant amounts in vegetables such as corn, spinach, broccoli, carrots as well as fish and eggs. Unique structural signatures including tetraterpenoid skeleton with extensive conjugation and the presence of hydroxyl groups at the end rings have made these molecules evolutionarily adapted to localize in the membrane of the photoreceptor cells and prevent their free radical induced peroxidation. Apart from the benefits imparted to ocular health, lutein and zeaxanthin are also known to improve cognitive function, cardiovascular physiology, and arrest the development of malignancy. Although abundant in many natural sources, bioavailability of these compounds is low owing to their long aliphatic backbones. Under the circumstances, there has been a concerted effort to develop vegetable oil-based carriers such as lipid nano-emulsions for therapeutic administration of carotenoids. This review presents a comprehensive update of the therapeutic potential of the carotenoids along with the challenges in achieving an optimized delivery tool for maximizing their effectiveness inside the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sunny E Ohia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroyoshi Moriyama
- Department of Scientific Affairs, The Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulation Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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Pietkiewicz P, Navarrete-Dechent C, Togawa Y, Szlązak P, Salwowska N, Marghoob AA, Leszczyńska-Pietkiewicz A, Errichetti E. Applications of Ultraviolet and Sub-ultraviolet Dermatoscopy in Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Dermatoses: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:361-390. [PMID: 38358617 PMCID: PMC10890990 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive and cost-efficient imaging technique augmenting clinical examination in neoplastic and non-neoplastic dermatoses. Recently, novel dermatoscopic techniques based on principles of reflectance/absorption and excited fluorescence have been developed. However, comprehensive data on their applications are sparse, and terminology is inconsistent. In this systematic review, we addressed the principles of ultraviolet (UV) imaging and proposed categorization based on spectral characteristics and signal acquisition, as well as discussed documented and potential clinical applications, safety measures during examination, and limitations associated with reflectance and fluorescence dermatoscopy. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed medical database until 2 December 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines, and 28 papers fit the scope of this review, whereas additional relevant articles were included to provide broader context regarding the chosen terminology, chromophores described, safety of sub-UV/UV, and regulations for light-emitting devices. UV and sub-UV dermatoscopy, categorized into different methods on the basis of the emitted wavelength and signal acquisition process (reflectance versus fluorescence), augment conventional dermatoscopy by optimizing safety margins in melanoma, facilitating early detection of tumor recurrence, and enhancing visualization in non-neoplastic conditions, including pigmentation disorders, intertrigo, papulo-desquamative dermatoses, and beyond. The review highlights the limitations of these techniques, including difficulty in differentiating melanin from hemoglobin, challenges in evaluating uneven surfaces, and artifacts. Although UV dermatoscopy complements conventional dermatoscopy, clinicians should be aware of their peculiarities, artifacts, limitations, and safety concerns to optimize their diagnostic accuracy and ensure patient's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Zwierzyniecka Medical Center, Zwierzyniecka 30/28, 60-814, Poznań, Poland.
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaei Togawa
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Piotr Szlązak
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
- Dermedica, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Enzo Errichetti
- Institute of Dermatology, "Santa Maria Della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy
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Rathore G, Das K, Landau M, Verner I, Kassir M, Galadari HI, Gold MH, Babaei M, Goldust M. Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management of Infraorbital Wrinkles and Pigmentation. Dermatol Clin 2024; 42:79-88. [PMID: 37977688 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lower eyelid skin is unique and different from that of other areas. In addition to being an area of high exposure to the sun and elements, there are anatomic considerations and specific histologic characteristics that can cause the skin in this area to be more sensitive. These attributes can readily cause under-eye wrinkling and pigmentation. This review aims to present an updated overview of the current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of wrinkles and pigmentation in this area. These disorders are usually caused by different factors, such as genetics, aging, sun exposure, lack of sleep, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanesh Rathore
- Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
| | | | - Marina Landau
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Ines Verner
- Verner Clinic for Dermatology and Aesthetics, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hassan I Galadari
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael H Gold
- Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Kumar A, Raj A, Gupta A, Gautam S, Kumar M, Bherwani H, Anshul A. Pollution free UV-C radiation to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. GONDWANA RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE JOURNAL 2023; 114:78-86. [PMID: 35936028 PMCID: PMC9345658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus has brought various types of disinfection techniques, for instance, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave generating steam, UV radiation, and dry heating, etc. to prevent the further transmission of the virus. The chemical-based techniques are predominantly used for sanitization of hands, buildings, hospitals, etc. However, these chemicals may affect the health of humans and the environment in unexplored aspects. Furthermore, the UV lamp-based radiation sanitization technique had been applied but has not gained larger acceptability owing to its limitation to penetrate different materials. Therefore, the optical properties of materials are especially important for the utilization of UV light on such disinfection applications. The germicidal or microorganism inactivation application of UV-C has only been in-use in a closed chamber, due to its harmful effect on human skin and the eye. However, it is essential to optimize UV for its use in an open environment for a larger benefit to mitigate the virus spread. In view of this, far UV-C (222 nm) based technology has emerged as a potential option for the sanitization in open areas and degradation of microorganisms present in aerosol during the working conditions. Hence, in the present review article, efforts have been made to evaluate the technical aspects of UV (under the different spectrum and wavelength ranges) and the control of COVID 19 virus spread in the atmosphere including the possibilities of the human body sanitization in working condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Abhishek Raj
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-NEERI, Delhi Zonal Centre, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi 110028, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Jayan J, Roshi H, Ashraf FFP, Nair PG, Vijayakumar A, Nair AS, Pappachen LK, Abdelgawad MA, Parambi DGT, Aleya L, Mathew B. Effects of radiation exposure on brain health: a state of the art and new challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87068-87081. [PMID: 36308656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Good brain health refers to a condition in which a person may fully realize their talents and improve their psychological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning to cope with life's challenges. Various causes of CNS diseases are now being investigated. Radiation is one of the factors that affects the brain and causes a variety of problems. The emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles via space or a material medium is known as radiation. Particle beams and electromagnetic waves are two types of ionizing radiation that have the potential to ionize atoms in a material (separating them into positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons). Radiation to the CNS can induce delayed puberty, which can lead to hyperprolactinemia, and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis can lead to gonadotropin deficit if the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is involved in the radiation field. Ionizing radiation is the most common kind of radiation. Here, we focus on the different effects of radiation on brain health. In this article, we will look at a variety of CNS diseases and how radiation affects each one, as well as how it affects the brain's numerous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Harsha Roshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Fathima Farzana Perumbilly Ashraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Parvathy G Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Aparna Vijayakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India.
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, CNRS6249, Besancon, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India.
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Review on photoprotection: a clinician’s guide to the ingredients, characteristics, adverse effects, and disease-specific benefits of chemical and physical sunscreen compounds. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:735-749. [PMID: 36443500 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotection is a critical health prevention strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visible light (VL). Methods of photoprotection are reviewed in this paper, with an emphasis on sunscreen. The most appropriate sunscreen formulation for personal use depends on several factors. Active sunscreen ingredients vary in their protective effect over the UVR and VL spectrum. There are dermatologic diseases that cause photosensitivity or that are aggravated by a particular action spectrum. In these situations, sunscreen suggestions can address the specific concern. Sunscreen does not represent a single entity. Appropriate personalized sunscreen selection is critical to improve compliance and clinical outcomes. Health care providers can facilitate informed product selection with awareness of evolving sunscreen formulations and counseling patients on appropriate use. This review aims to summarize different forms of photoprotection, discuss absorption of sunscreen ingredients, possible adverse effects, and disease-specific preferences for chemical, physical or oral agents that may decrease UVR and VL harmful effects.
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Dobbinson SJ, Buller DB, Chamberlain JA, Simmons J, Buller MK. Solar UV Measured under Built-Shade in Public Parks: Findings from a Randomized Trial in Denver and Melbourne. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10583. [PMID: 36078303 PMCID: PMC9518543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is crucial for preventing UV-induced diseases of the skin and eyes. Shade may offer significant protection from UV. More empirical research to quantify the UV protection offered from built shade is needed to guide disease prevention practices and confidence in investment in shade. This study quantified UV levels under built-shade relative to unshaded passive recreation areas (PRAs) over summer months in parks in two cities. In a randomized controlled trial, n = 1144 UV measurements were conducted at the center and periphery of PRAs in a total sample of 144 public parks as part of pretest and posttest measures of use of the PRAs by park visitors for three recruitment waves per city during 2010 to 2014. Following pretest, 36 PRAs received built-shade and 108 did not. Regression analyses modelled pre-post change in UV (Standard Erythemal Dose (SED) per 30 min) at PRAs; and environmental predictors. Mean UV at the center of built-shade PRAs decreased from pretest to posttest (x¯ = 3.39, x¯ = 0.93 SED), a change of x¯ = -3.47 SED relative to control PRAs (p < 0.001) adjusting for the covariates of ambient SED, (cosine) solar elevation and cloud cover. Clouds decreased and solar elevation increased UV levels under shade. No significant differences in UV by shade design occurred. A substantial reduction in exposure to UV can be achieved using built-shade with shade cloth designs, offering considerable protection for shade users. Supplementary sun protection is recommended for extended periods of shade use during clear sky days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jane Dobbinson
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | | | - Jody Simmons
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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8
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Destruction of oxytetracycline using a microwave-assisted fused TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation system. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Wilson DJ, Martín-Martínez FJ, Deravi LF. Wearable Light Sensors Based on Unique Features of a Natural Biochrome. ACS Sens 2022; 7:523-533. [PMID: 35138085 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to complete solar radiation (combined ultraviolet, visible, and infrared) is correlated with several harmful biological consequences including hyperpigmentation, skin cancer, eye damage, and immune suppression. With limited effective therapeutic options available for these conditions, significant efforts have been directed toward promoting preventative habits. Recently, wearable solar radiometers have emerged as practical tools for managing personal exposure to sunlight. However, designing simple and inexpensive sensors that can measure energy across multiple spectral regions without incorporating electronic components remains challenging, largely due to inherent spectral limitations of photoresponsive indicators. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of wearable radiation sensors that leverage an unexpected feature of a natural biochrome, xanthommatin-its innate sensitivity to both ultraviolet and visible through near-infrared radiation. We found that xanthommatin-based sensors undergo a visible shift from yellow to red in the presence of complete sunlight. This color change is driven by intrinsic photoreduction of the molecule, which we investigated using computational modeling and supplemented by radiation-driven formation of complementary reducing agents. These sensors are responsive to dermatologically relevant doses of erythemally weighted radiation, as well as cumulative doses of high-energy ultraviolet radiation used for germicidal sterilization. We incorporated these miniature sensors into pressure-activated microfluidic systems to illustrate on-demand activation of a wearable and mountable form factor. When taken together, our findings encompass an important advancement toward accessible, quantitative measurements of UVC and complete solar radiation for a variety of use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Kostas Research Institute for Homeland Security, Northeastern University, 141 South Bedford Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Francisco J. Martín-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leila F. Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Chalada M, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Dhungel BP, Goh AY, Gardiner S, Layton CJ, Steel JC. Differences in Uveal Melanoma Age-Standardized Incidence Rates in Two Eastern States of Australia Are Driven by Differences in Rurality and Ultraviolet Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5894. [PMID: 34885004 PMCID: PMC8657208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the second-most-common melanoma in humans and has a high age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in Australia. Regional patterns of UM ASRs in Australia are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine and compare UM ASRs in two geographically disparate eastern states, Queensland (QLD) and Victoria (VIC), by using cancer registry data that was obtained from 2001 to 2013. World-standardized UM ASRs and incidence-rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Higher UM ASR was also observed in anterior UM compared to posterior UM ASR. UM ASR remained unchanged from 2001 to 2013 in QLD but decreased in VIC. A south-to-north latitude trend in UM ASR along the east of Australia is weakly evident, and rural populations have higher UM ASRs than major city populations in both states. Differences in ultraviolent radiation (UVR) susceptibility, indigenous populations, social behaviours, chemical exposure, and socioeconomic status could all be contributing to differences in UM rates between QLD and VIC and between rural compared to major city areas. It is possible that a minority of cases in QLD and VIC might be prevented by sun-protective behaviours. This is important, because these findings suggest that QLD, which is already known to have one of the highest cutaneous melanoma (CM) ASRs in the world, also has one of the highest UM ASRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chalada
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
| | - Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
| | - Bijay P. Dhungel
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amanda Y. Goh
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Greenslopes, QLD 4120, Australia;
| | - Samuel Gardiner
- Clinical Research Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Layton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Greenslopes, QLD 4120, Australia;
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jason C. Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
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Lin KT, Wang A, Nguyen AB, Iyer J, Tran SD. Recent Advances in Hydrogels: Ophthalmic Applications in Cell Delivery, Vitreous Substitutes, and Ocular Adhesives. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1203. [PMID: 34572389 PMCID: PMC8471559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the prevalence of eye diseases, such as cataracts, retinal degenerative diseases, and glaucoma, different treatments including lens replacement, vitrectomy, and stem cell transplantation have been developed; however, they are not without their respective shortcomings. For example, current methods to seal corneal incisions induced by cataract surgery, such as suturing and stromal hydration, are less than ideal due to the potential for surgically induced astigmatism or wound leakage. Vitrectomy performed on patients with diabetic retinopathy requires an artificial vitreous substitute, with current offerings having many shortcomings such as retinal toxicity. The use of stem cells has also been investigated in retinal degenerative diseases; however, an optimal delivery system is required for successful transplantation. The incorporation of hydrogels into ocular therapy has been a critical focus in overcoming the limitations of current treatments. Previous reviews have extensively documented the use of hydrogels in drug delivery; thus, the goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in hydrogel technology in surgical applications, including dendrimer and gelatin-based hydrogels for ocular adhesives and a variety of different polymers for vitreous substitutes, as well as recent advances in hydrogel-based retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal progenitor cell (RPC) delivery to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (K.T.L.); (A.W.); (A.B.N.); (J.I.)
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12
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Chen LJ, Chang YJ, Shieh CF, Yu JH, Yang MC. Relationship between practices of eye protection against solar ultraviolet radiation and cataract in a rural area. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255136. [PMID: 34324583 PMCID: PMC8321156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is a public health concern worldwide that differentially affects rural residents of outlying islands where ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may have greater penetration because of less shading. Objectives To assess the relationships between attitudes and practices of eye protection and eye diseases for residents of an offshore island of Taiwan. Methods Questionnaire survey was administered to local residents (age > 50 years) regarding socio-demographic information, attitudes/practices of eye protection under sun exposure and eye diseases. Results A total of 816 participants (response rate 90.7%, 816/900) completed the questionnaires. Mean age was 63.7 (+ 10.8) years. Among these participants, 44.4%, 15.1% and 8.3% had cataract, dry eye and glaucoma, respectively. Although 86.3% and 88.2% of participants agreed that they should avoid outdoor activities and wear glasses/broad-brimmed hats in harsh daylight, 69.4% and 48.3% of participants never/rarely used glasses or hats/umbrellas in harsh daylight, respectively. Predictors of less practices of eye protection against solar UVR included residents who were male, with lower education level, with longer residence and lack of commercial health insurance. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that practices of eye protection under sun exposure were significantly associated with less cataract, but not glaucoma or dry eye. Participants who did not wear glasses, broad-brimmed hats/use umbrellas or both in harsh sunlight (almost) every time were respectively associated with a 57% (P = 0.028), 45% (P = 0.027) or 70% (P = 0.026) increase of cataract than those who did in harsh sunlight (almost) every time. Conclusions Practices of eye protection under sun exposure is associated with lower risk of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ju Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (LJ); (MY)
| | - Yun-Jau Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Zhongxing branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jy-Haw Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (LJ); (MY)
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Di Carlo E, Augustin AJ. Prevention of the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153297. [PMID: 34362080 PMCID: PMC8348883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly people, mostly after the age of 65. The progressive deterioration of visual function in patients affected by AMD has a significant impact on quality of life and has also high social costs. The current therapeutic options are only partially able to slow down the natural course of the disease, without being capable of stopping its progression. Therefore, better understanding of the possibilities to prevent the onset of the disease is needed. In this regard, a central role is played by the identification of risk factors, which might participate to the development of the disease. Among these, the most researched are dietary risk factors, lifestyle, and light exposure. Many studies showed that a higher dietary intake of nutrients, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, beta carotene, omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, reduced the risk of early AMD. Regarding lifestyle habits, the association between smoking and AMD is currently accepted. Finally, retinal damage caused by ultraviolet rays and blue light is also worthy of attention. The scope of this review is to summarize the present knowledge focusing on the measures to adopt in order to prevent the onset of AMD.
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Bamgboje D, Christoulakis I, Smanis I, Chavan G, Shah R, Malekzadeh M, Violaris I, Giannakeas N, Tsipouras M, Kalafatakis K, Tzallas A. Continuous Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring via Contact Lenses: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:189. [PMID: 34207533 PMCID: PMC8226956 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that must be carefully managed to prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and, at present, all relevant procedures are invasive while they only provide periodic measurements. The pain and measurement intermittency associated with invasive techniques resulted in the exploration of painless, continuous, and non-invasive techniques of glucose measurement that would facilitate intensive management. The focus of this review paper is the existing solutions for continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring via contact lenses (CLs) and to carry out a detailed, qualitative, and comparative analysis to inform prospective researchers on viable pathways. Direct glucose monitoring via CLs is contingent on the detection of biomarkers present in the lacrimal fluid. In this review, emphasis is given on two types of sensors: a graphene-AgNW hybrid sensor and an amperometric sensor. Both sensors can detect the presence of glucose in the lacrimal fluid by using the enzyme, glucose oxidase. Additionally, this review covers fabrication procedures for CL biosensors. Ever since Google published the first glucose monitoring embedded system on a CL, CL biosensors have been considered state-of-the-art in the medical device research and development industry. The CL not only has to have a sensory system, it must also have an embedded integrated circuit (IC) for readout and wireless communication. Moreover, to retain mobility and ease of use of the CLs used for continuous glucose monitoring, the power supply to the solid-state IC on such CLs must be wireless. Currently, there are four methods of powering CLs: utilizing solar energy, via a biofuel cell, or by inductive or radiofrequency (RF) power. Although, there are many limitations associated with each method, the limitations common to all, are safety restrictions and CL size limitations. Bearing this in mind, RF power has received most of the attention in reported literature, whereas solar power has received the least attention in the literature. CLs seem a very promising target for cutting edge biotechnological applications of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bamgboje
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Iasonas Christoulakis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Ioannis Smanis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Gaurav Chavan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Rinkal Shah
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Masoud Malekzadeh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ioannis Violaris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 501 31 Kozani, Greece; (I.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Giannakeas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Markos Tsipouras
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 501 31 Kozani, Greece; (I.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Kalafatakis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Alexandros Tzallas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
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15
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The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071700. [PMID: 33916693 PMCID: PMC8038359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.
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Teoh CS, Jeyabal P, Young SM, Lim VSY. Incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in Singapore: Data from Singapore Cancer Registry. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021; 50:297-305. [PMID: 33990817 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited data are available on the incidence of primary ophthalmic cancers worldwide. We describe the incidence and trends of primary ophthalmic cancers in Singapore. METHODS Data on ophthalmic cancers diagnosed in Singapore from 1996 to 2016 were retrieved from the Singapore Cancer Registry for analysis. All were histologically proven primary ophthalmic cancers. Calculations of incidence and age-specific frequency of ophthalmic malignancy were made. RESULTS A total of 297 cases were included, with males constituting 59.9%. The race distribution was 78.5% Chinese, 16.5% Malay, 3.7% Indians and 1.3% others. There was an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies. The mean age of onset was 47.4 years. The most common cancers were retinoblastoma (93.3%) in patients younger than 15 years, and lymphoma (71.3%) in patients aged 15 years and older. There has been an increase in lymphomas from 16.7% in 1968-1995 to 71.3% in 1996-2016 in those aged 15 years and older. The most common types of ophthalmic cancer according to location are lymphoma of the orbit, conjunctiva, cornea and lacrimal gland; retinoblastoma of the retina; and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. CONCLUSION Our study reported the incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in the Singapore population and showed an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies in Singapore from 1996-2016. A substantial increase in lymphomas over the last 2 decades was noted. The data could aid clinicians, epidemiologists and policymakers in implementing strategies to address trends in ophthalmic cancers and spur aetiological research to improve quality of life in patients with such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Sheng Teoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
PRECIS In a cohort study of 120,307 participants with 25+ years of follow-up, a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was associated with a 40% higher exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) risk. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between NMSC (a marker of ultraviolet radiation exposure) and XFG. METHODS We performed a cohort study of US women (n=79,102; 1980-2014) and men (n=41,205; 1986-2014), aged 40+ years and at risk for glaucoma who reported eye examinations. From 1984 (women)/1988 (men), we asked about basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma history separately; in prior years, we asked about any NMSC history in a single question. Squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed with histopathology reports while basal cell carcinoma and any early (<1984/<1988) NMSC history was self-reported. Incident XFG cases (362 women and 83 men) were confirmed with medical records. Using pooled data, we estimated multivariable-adjusted relative risks [MVRRs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] with Cox proportional hazards models that were stratified by age (in mo), 2-year time period at risk and average lifetime residential latitude. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we observed a 40% higher XFG risk with any NMSC history (MVRR=1.40; 95% CI=1.08-1.82); the association was observed even with 4 and 8-year lags in NMSC history. Also, the NMSC association was stronger in younger (below 65 y; MVRR=2.56; 95% CI=1.62-4.05) versus older participants (65 y and above; MVRR=1.25; 95% CI=0.94-1.66; P for interaction=0.01) and those living in the northern latitudes (≥42°N; MVRR=1.92; 95% CI=1.28-2.88) versus more southern latitudes (<42°N; MVRR=1.19; 95% CI=0.86-1.66; P for interaction=0.04). CONCLUSION NMSC was associated with higher XFG risk, particularly among younger participants and those living in the Northern US.
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Buch J, Hammond B. Photobiomodulation of the Visual System and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218020. [PMID: 33126530 PMCID: PMC7662260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans express an expansive and detailed response to wavelength differences within the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. This is most clearly manifest, and most studied, with respect to a relatively small range of electromagnetic radiation that includes the visible wavelengths with abutting ultraviolet and infrared, and mostly with respect to the visual system. Many aspects of our biology, however, respond to wavelength differences over a wide range of the EM spectrum. Further, humans are now exposed to a variety of modern lighting situations that has, effectively, increased our exposure to wavelengths that were once likely minimal (e.g., “blue” light from devices at night). This paper reviews some of those biological effects with a focus on visual function and to a lesser extent, other body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Buch
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, Research & Development, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-443-1707
| | - Billy Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Corneal UV Protective Effects of a Topical Antioxidant Formulation: A Pilot Study on In Vivo Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155426. [PMID: 32751471 PMCID: PMC7432813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a topical antioxidant and ultraviolet (UV) shielding action formulation containing riboflavin and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) vitamin E against corneal UV-induced damage in vivo rabbit eyes. In vivo experiments were performed using male albino rabbits, which were divided into four groups. The control group (CG) did not receive any UV irradiation; the first group (IG) was irradiated with a UV-B−UV-A lamp for 30 min; the second (G30) and third (G60) groups received UV irradiation for 30 and 60 min, respectively, and were topically treated with one drop of the antioxidant and shielding formulation every 15 min, starting one hour before irradiation, until the end of UV exposure. The cornea of the IG group showed irregular thickening, detachment of residual fragments of the Descemet membrane, stromal fluid swelling with consequent collagen fiber disorganization and disruption, and inflammation. The cornea of the G30 group showed edema, a mild thickening of the Descemet membrane without fibrillar collagen disruption and focal discoloration, or inflammation. In the G60 group, the cornea showed a more severe thickening, a more abundant fluid accumulation underneath the Descemet membrane with focal detachment, and no signs of severe tissue alterations, as were recorded in the IG group. Our results demonstrate that topical application of eye drops containing riboflavin and TPGS vitamin E counteracts UV corneal injury in exposed rabbits.
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20
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Spectral Evaluation of Eyeglass Blocking Efficiency of Ultraviolet/High-energy Visible Blue Light for Ocular Protection. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 96:513-522. [PMID: 31274740 PMCID: PMC6615932 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. SIGNIFICANCE We investigated, for safety and awareness, ultraviolet and high-energy violet light–blocking protection provided by assorted types of eyewear. Ultraviolet and high-energy violet light–filtering efficiency varied and did not correlate with price or advertised claims. Standardization of methods and specifications for lens spectral transmission evaluation is recommended. PURPOSE Studies have linked exposure of high-energy visible blue light to effect and damage on retinal epithelial cells, photoreceptors, and ganglion cells. “Blue light” is more accurately differentiated into “high-energy visible blue-violet light” and “circadian rhythm blue-turquoise light.” This study measured and compared spectral transmission of ultraviolet and high-energy violet light of low-, medium-, and high-priced sunglasses. METHODS Sunglasses and lens blanks were obtained from the University of Texas Medical Branch Optical Shop and vendors. Groups were based on promotional, retail, designer sunglasses, or “blue blocker” lenses. The percent transmittance of ultraviolet/visible spectral scans (800 to 350 nm) was measured using an Agilent Cary 50 spectrophotometer. High-energy violet/blue light was defined as 400 to 450 nm. RESULTS Promotional sunglasses (tinted polycarbonate) blocked 100% ultraviolet and 67 to 99.8% high-energy violet blue light. Retail sunglasses filtered out 95 to 100% ultraviolet A and 67% high-energy violet light. The tested designer sunglasses varied widely in their optical transmissibility with respect to their ultraviolet A and high-energy violet light–blocking properties, with some not blocking ultraviolet A. Clear and colorless Kodak Total Blue provided maximal high-energy violet protection, whereas clear Essilor Crizal Prevencia provided less high-energy violet blocking between 400 and 450 nm. CONCLUSIONS The ultraviolet and high-energy violet (400 to 450 nm) light–filtering efficiency varied between sunglasses and clear lenses and did not correlate with price or advertised claims. Standardization of methods and specifications for lens spectral transmission evaluation is recommended.
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21
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Sola D, Cases R. High-Repetition-Rate Femtosecond Laser Processing of Acrylic Intra-Ocular Lenses. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010242. [PMID: 31968562 PMCID: PMC7023549 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of laser processing of acrylic intra-ocular lenses (IOL) by using femtosecond laser pulses delivered at high-repetition rate is presented in this work. An ultra-compact air-cooled femtosecond diode laser (HighQ2-SHG, Spectra-Physics) delivering 250 fs laser pulses at the fixed wavelength of 520 nm with a repetition rate of 63 MHz was used to process the samples. Laser inscription of linear periodic patterns on the surface and inside the acrylic substrates was studied as a function of the processing parameters as well as the optical absorption characteristics of the sample. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and micro-Raman Spectroscopy were used to evaluate the compositional and microstructural changes induced by the laser radiation in the processed areas. Diffractive characterization was used to assess 1st-order efficiency and the refractive index change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sola
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael Cases
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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22
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Hammond BR, Sreenivasan V, Suryakumar R. The Effects of Blue Light-Filtering Intraocular Lenses on the Protection and Function of the Visual System. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:2427-2438. [PMID: 31824137 PMCID: PMC6901063 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s213280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filtration of high-energy short-wave visible light (blue light) to improve vision and protect against damage has evolved both in aquatic animals and terrestrial species. In humans, pigments in the inner layer of the macula absorb wavelengths between 400 and 520 nm and function to improve visual performance. In patients who undergo cataract surgery, replacing cataractous lenses with artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs) that do not mimic normal healthy adult lenses could result in preventable negative visual effects, including glare disability. Blue light-filtering (BLF) IOLs were designed to filter short-wave light in addition to ultraviolet light and mimic the natural crystalline lens. Current studies indicate that BLF IOLs may provide protection from blue light-induced retinal damage and slow the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, BLF IOLs have been shown to improve chromatic contrast, reduce photostress recovery time, reduce glare disability and discomfort, and generally improve visual performance under glare conditions. Although a number of concerns have been raised about the relative risks versus the benefits of BLF IOLs, recent studies reported no adverse effects on visual function or contrast under photopic conditions, no long-term effects on color vision, and no detrimental effects on circadian rhythms with BLF IOLs. Based on the current understanding of the field, evidence suggests that BLF IOLs would be returning the eye to a more natural state compared with non-BLF lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy R Hammond
- Department of Psychology, Vision Sciences Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Izadi M, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Pourazizi M, Alemzadeh-Ansari MH, Hoseinpourfard MJ. Photokeratitis induced by ultraviolet radiation in travelers: A major health problem. J Postgrad Med 2019; 64:40-46. [PMID: 29067921 PMCID: PMC5820813 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_52_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is one of the several environmental hazards that may cause inflammatory reactions in ocular tissues, especially the cornea. One of the important factors that affect how much ultraviolet radiation (UVR) humans are exposed to is travel. Hence, traveling is considered to include a more acute UVR effect, and ophthalmologists frequently evaluate and manage the ocular manifestations of UV irradiation, including UV-induced keratitis. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evidence-based analysis of the clinical effect of UVR in ocular tissues. An extensive review of English literature was performed to gather all available articles from the National Library of Medicine PubMed database of the National Institute of Health, the Ovid MEDLINE database, Scopus, and ScienceDirect that had studied the effect of UVR on the eye and its complications, between January 1970 and June 2014. The results show that UVR at 300 nm causes apoptosis in all three layers of the cornea and induces keratitis. Apoptosis in all layers of the cornea occurs 5 h after exposure. The effect of UVR intensity on the eye can be linked to numerous factors, including solar elevation, time of day, season, hemisphere, clouds and haze, atmospheric scattering, atmospheric ozone, latitude, altitude, longitudinal changes, climate, ground reflection, and geographic directions. The most important factor affecting UVR reaching the earth's surface is solar elevation. Currently, people do not have great concern over eye protection. The methods of protection against UVR include avoiding direct sunlight exposure, using UVR-blocking eyewear (sunglasses or contact lenses), and wearing hats. Hence, by identifying UVR intensity factors, eye protection factors, and public education, especially in travelers, methods for safe traveling can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Izadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Jonaidi-Jafari
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Pourazizi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan; Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M H Alemzadeh-Ansari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Backes C, Religi A, Moccozet L, Behar-Cohen F, Vuilleumier L, Bulliard JL, Vernez D. Sun exposure to the eyes: predicted UV protection effectiveness of various sunglasses. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:753-764. [PMID: 30382242 PMCID: PMC6803516 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses received by the eyes in different exposure situations, and to predict the sun protection effectiveness provided by various styles of sunglasses at facial, periorbital, and ocular skin zones including the cornea and accounting for different head positions. A 3D numeric model was optimized to predict direct, diffuse and reflected erythemally weighted UVR doses received at various skin zones. Precisely defined facial, periorbital, and ocular skin zones, sunglasses (goggles, medium-, and large-sized sunglasses) and three head positions were modeled to simulate daily (08:00-17:00) and midday (12:00-14:00) UVR doses. The shading from sunglasses' frame and lenses' UVR transmission were used to calculate a predictive protection factor (PPF [%]). Highest ocular daily UVR doses were estimated at the uncovered cornea (1718.4 J/m2). Least sun protection was provided by middle-sized sunglasses with highest midday dose at the white lateral (290.8 J/m2) and lateral periorbital zones (390.9 J/m2). Goggles reached almost 100% protection at all skin zones. Large-sized sunglasses were highly effective in winter; however, their effectiveness depended on diffuse UVR doses received. In "looking-up" head positions highest midday UVR doses were received at the unprotected cornea (908.1 J/m2), totally protected when large-sized sunglasses are used. All tested sunglass lenses fully blocked UVR. Sunglasses' protection effectiveness is strongly influenced by geometry, wearing position, head positions, and exposure conditions. Sunglasses do not totally block UVR and should be combined with additional protection means. 3D modeling allows estimating UVR exposure of highly sensitive small skin zones, chronically exposed and rarely assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Backes
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division of Chronic Diseases, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - A Religi
- Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Moccozet
- Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Behar-Cohen
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Vuilleumier
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss), Payerne, Switzerland
| | - J L Bulliard
- Division of Chronic Diseases, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Vernez
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Clinical Aspects of Pterygium in the Presence of Cataract. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019; 45:263-271. [PMID: 32042453 PMCID: PMC6993772 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.45.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two of the most common UV-induced eye affections are pterygium and cataract. They are both defined as progressive diseases that impair patients’ vision and share some common elements in their evolution process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of cataract influences the clinical signs and symptoms of patients with pterygium. Therefore, we have analyzed 84 patients with pterygium, among which 23 also presented cataract, as an overall study lot, as well as divided by age decades. We have determined that almost all patients with both pterygium and cataract declared extensive UV exposure in antecedents and have also reported a blurred vision. We found no correlation between the presence of cataract and the size of pterygium lesions, or symptoms like foreign body sensation, tearing or symblepharon.
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26
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Lanca C, Teo A, Vivagandan A, Htoon HM, Najjar RP, Spiegel DP, Pu SH, Saw SM. The Effects of Different Outdoor Environments, Sunglasses and Hats on Light Levels: Implications for Myopia Prevention. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:7. [PMID: 31360613 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lack of outdoor time is a known risk factor for myopia. Knowledge of the light levels reaching the eye and exposure settings, including sun-protective measures, is essential for outdoor programs and myopia. We evaluated the impact of sun-protective strategies (hat and sunglasses) on maintaining high illuminance levels to prevent myopia. Methods A child-sized mannequin head was developed to measure light illuminance levels with and without sun-protective equipment, across a wide range of environments in Singapore, outdoors (open park, under a tree, street) and indoors (under a fluorescent illumination with window, under white LED-based lighting without window). A comparison was made between indoor and outdoor light levels that are experienced while children are involved in day-to-day activities. Results Outdoor light levels were much higher (11,080-18,176 lux) than indoors (112-156 lux). The higher lux levels protective of myopia (>1000 lux) were measured at the tree shade (5556-7876 lux) and with hat (4112-8156 lux). Sunglasses showed lux levels between 1792 and 6800 lux. Although with sunglasses readings were lower than tree shade and hat, light levels were still 11 to 43 times higher than indoors. Conclusions Recommendations on spending time outdoors for myopia prevention with adequate sun protection should be provided while partaking in outdoor activities, including protection under shaded areas, wearing a hat or sunglasses, sunscreen, and adequate hydration. Translational Relevance Light levels outdoors were higher than indoors and above the threshold illuminance for myopia prevention even with adequate sun-protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Teo
- University of Southampton Malaysia (UoSM), Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hla M Htoon
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Eye ACP, Singapore
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Eye ACP, Singapore
| | - Daniel P Spiegel
- Vision Sciences, Essilor R&D, Center for Innovation and Technology, Singapore
| | - Suan-Hui Pu
- University of Southampton Malaysia (UoSM), Johor, Malaysia
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Eye ACP, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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27
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Weis E, Vrouwe SQ, LeBaron DB, Parliament MB, Shields J, Shields CL. Changes in Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure to the Ocular Region: A Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050719. [PMID: 31137687 PMCID: PMC6562648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the well-established association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancers, the relationship between UVR and uveal malignant melanoma (UM) remains controversial. To address this controversy, we evaluated the incidence rates of cutaneous malignancies in the eyelids as a proxy for UVR exposure in the ocular region using a population-based cancer registry. Overall, 74,053 cases of eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 7890 cases of melanoma over a 26-year period (1982–2007) were analyzed. The incidence of eyelid basal cell carcinoma and uveal melanoma remained stable, whereas other cutaneous areas demonstrated an increase in the rates. A comparability test demonstrated that BCC incidence trends were significantly different between the eyelid versus both chronically exposed (males p = 0.001; females p = 0.01) and intermittently exposed skin (males and females, p = 0.0002), as well as the skin of the face (males p = 0.002; females p = 0.02). Similarly, melanoma trends were significantly different between the UM group versus both chronically exposed cutaneous melanoma (CM) (males p = 0.001; females p = 0.04) and intermittently exposed CM (males p = 0.005), as well as facial skin CM (males and females p = 0.0002). The discrepancy of cancer incidence between tumors in the peri-ocular region versus the rest of the body suggests that the peri-ocular region might have a different or unique exposure pattern to ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Weis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 4R6, Canada.
| | - Sebastian Q Vrouwe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
| | - David B LeBaron
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
| | - Matthew B Parliament
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Jerry Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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28
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Shirzaei Sani E, Kheirkhah A, Rana D, Sun Z, Foulsham W, Sheikhi A, Khademhosseini A, Dana R, Annabi N. Sutureless repair of corneal injuries using naturally derived bioadhesive hydrogels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1281. [PMID: 30906864 PMCID: PMC6426459 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries are common causes of visual impairment worldwide. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for transparent biomaterials that have high adhesion, cohesion, and regenerative properties. Herein, we engineer a highly biocompatible and transparent bioadhesive for corneal reconstruction using a visible light cross-linkable, naturally derived polymer, GelCORE (gel for corneal regeneration). The physical properties of GelCORE could be finely tuned by changing prepolymer concentration and photocrosslinking time. GelCORE revealed higher tissue adhesion compared to commercial adhesives. Furthermore, in situ photopolymerization of GelCORE facilitated easy delivery to the cornea, allowing for bioadhesive curing precisely according to the required geometry of the defect. In vivo experiments, using a rabbit stromal defect model, showed that bioadhesive could effectively seal corneal defects and induce stromal regeneration and re-epithelialization. Overall, GelCORE has many advantages including low cost and ease of production and use. This makes GelCORE a promising bioadhesive for corneal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ahmad Kheirkhah
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devyesh Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhongmou Sun
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Foulsham
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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29
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Schneider S, Görig T, Schilling L, Schuster A, Diehl K. [The use of sunglasses during leisure time and work : Lack of prevention of sun-induced eye damage]. Ophthalmologe 2019; 116:865-871. [PMID: 30689024 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-019-0850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at collecting representative national data on the use of sunglasses on sunny summer days during leisure time or work as well as identifying population and professional groups with a pronounced lack of preventive measures to avoid sun-induced eye damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Within the representative National Cancer Aid Monitoring, data on the use of sunglasses during leisure time was assessed among 3000 individuals aged 14-45 years in 2015, as well as on the use during outdoor work among 485 workers aged 14-45 years in 2016. Associations between the use of sunglasses and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed with the χ2-test. Additionally, descriptive and bivariate methods were used to assess connections between the use of sunglasses at work and each professional group. RESULTS While more than half of the general population normally or often wear sunglasses on a sunny summer day, only one third of outdoor workers do so. While approximately every seventh individual surveyed never wears sunglasses during leisure time, among outdoor workers it is one out of three. The use during leisure time increases with age. DISCUSSION Use of sunglasses during work could be supported by targeted information on UV-induced eye damage by ophthalmologists and company physicians with additional support from accident insurances and employers. Concerning preventive measures occupational groups such as landscapers, farmers and bricklayers who are strongly exposed to sunlight but rarely wear sunglasses are important groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
| | - T Görig
- Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - L Schilling
- Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Schuster
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - K Diehl
- Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
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30
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Gruener AM, Morley AMS. Macular and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thinning in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Cross-sectional Study. Neuroophthalmology 2018; 42:356-366. [PMID: 30524489 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2018.1452038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal thickness in different Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) complementation groups using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This was a cross-sectional pilot study of 40 patients with XP. All patients had healthy-looking retinae and optic nerves on slit lamp biomicroscopy, and subtle or no neurological deficits. Patients were divided into two groups based on the known tendency for neurodegeneration associated with certain XP complementation groups. A third control group was obtained from a normative database. Using SD-OCT, we compared peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and macular thickness between the groups. XP patients with a known tendency for neurodegeneration were found to have a statistically significant reduction in both pRNFL (p < 0.01) and macular thickness (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between pRNFL and macular thickness in XP patients not expected to develop neurodegeneration compared to the same control group. When both XP groups were compared, a statistically significant reduction in total pRNFL (p = 0.02) and macular thickness (p = 0.002) was found in XP patients predisposed to neurodegeneration. Our results suggest that pRNFL and macular thickness are reduced in XP patients with a known tendency for neurodegeneration, even before any marked neurological deficits become manifest. These findings demonstrate the potential role of retinal thickness as an anatomic biomarker and prognostic indicator for XP neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Gruener
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M S Morley
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Nationally Commissioned Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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31
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The Role of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells in Regulating Corneal (Lymph)angiogenic Privilege and the Micromilieu of the Limbal Niche following UV Exposure. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8620172. [PMID: 29853920 PMCID: PMC5964490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8620172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a clear structure, void of blood, and lymphatic vessels, functioning as our window to the world. Limbal epithelial stem cells, occupying the area between avascular cornea and vascularized conjunctiva, have been implicated in tissue border maintenance, preventing conjunctivalisation and propagation of blood and lymphatic vessels into the cornea. Defects in limbal epithelial stem cells are linked to corneal neovascularisation, including lymphangiogenesis, chronic inflammation, conjunctivalisation, epithelial abnormalities including the presence of goblet cells, breaks in Bowman's membrane, persistent epithelial defects and ulceration, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, lipid keratopathy, pain, discomfort, and compromised vision. It has been postulated that pterygium is an example of focal limbal deficiency. Previous reports showing changes occurring in limbal epithelium during pterygium pathogenesis suggest that there is a link to stem cell damage. In this light, pterygium can serve as a model disease of UV-induced stem cell damage also characterised by corneal blood and lymphangiogenesis. This review focuses on the role of corneal and limbal epithelial cells and the stem cell niche in maintaining corneal avascularity and corneal immune privilege and how this may be deregulated following UV exposure. We present an overview of the PUBMED literature in the field as well as recent work from our laboratories.
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32
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Rifai K, Hornauer M, Buechinger R, Schoen R, Barraza-Bernal M, Habtegiorgis S, Glasenapp C, Wahl S, Mappes T. Efficiency of ocular UV protection by clear lenses. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1948-1963. [PMID: 29675331 PMCID: PMC5905936 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocular UV doses accumulate all-day, not only during periods of direct sun exposure. The UV protection efficiency of three clear lenses was evaluated experimentally, validated by simulation, and compared to non-UV protection: a first spectacle lens with a tailored UV absorber, a second spectacle lens, minimizing UV back reflections, as well as a third spectacle lens, combining both. A tailored UV-absorber efficiently reduced overall UV irradiance to 7 %, whereas reduction of back-reflections still left UV irradiance at 42 %. Thus, clear lenses with a tailored UV absorber efficiently protect the eye from UV, supplementing sun glasses wear to an all-day protection scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rifai
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | | | | | | | - Selam Habtegiorgis
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | - Timo Mappes
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
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33
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Vizzarri F, Palazzo M, Bartollino S, Casamassima D, Parolini B, Troiano P, Caruso C, Costagliola C. Effects of an antioxidant protective topical formulation on eye exposed to ultraviolet-irradiation: a study in rabbit animal model. Physiol Res 2018. [PMID: 29527920 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-radiation exerts a well-known role in the development of various ocular diseases and may contribute to the progress of age-related macular degeneration. Therefore, the use of compounds able to protect the eyes from UV-induced cellular damage is challenging. The aim of this study has been to test the protective effects of an antioxidant topical formulation against UV-induced damage in rabbit eyes. Twelve male rabbits were used. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 3 animals each. Control group (CG) did not receive any irradiation and/or eye drop. The other three experimental groups were treated as follows: the first group received only UVR irradiation for 30 min, without eye drop supplementation (Irradiation group, IG), the second (G30) and the third (G60) groups received UV irradiation for 30' and 60', respectively, and eye drop supplementation (riboflavin, d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol, proline, glycine, lysine and leucine solution) every 15 min for three hours. In the IG group a significant increase of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was recorded in the aqueous humor, whereas ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower when compared to control eyes. In the groups exposed to UVR rays for 30 min, and treated with the topical antioxidant formulation, the GSSG, H(2)O(2) and ascorbic acid levels were similar to those recorded in controls, whereas in the G60 group the three markers significantly differ from control group. In the lens, a significant decrease of alpha tocopherol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was recorded in IG-animals as compared to control group, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in UV-induced eye than in control eyes. In the G30 groups the alpha tocopherol, MDA and TAC levels do not significantly differ from those recorded in controls, whereas in the G60 group these three markers significantly differ from control group. Present findings demonstrate that topical treatment with the antioxidant formulation used herein protects ocular structures from oxidative stress induced by UV exposure in in vivo animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vizzarri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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34
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Dediashvili NG, Sheludchenko VM. [Spectral correction of vision and electrophysiological measurements of the eye]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:231-237. [PMID: 30499522 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2018134051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spectral light filters - glasses and intraocular lenses - are widely used in ophthalmology and optometry. Light filters help increase vision clarity, contrast and quality in patients with ocular media opacities and other eye diseases. The article describes the types of light filters and the methods of their clinical application, and presents data on the influence of intra- and extraocular spectral correction on electrophysiological parameters of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Dediashvili
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - V M Sheludchenko
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
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35
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Eom SY, Yim DH, Kim JH, Chae JB, Kim YD, Kim H. A pilot exome-wide association study of age-related cataract in Koreans. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:186-90. [PMID: 27533928 PMCID: PMC4885165 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.2016k0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract (ARC) is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. A previous study reported that genetic factors could explain approximately 50% of the heritability of cataract. However, a genetic predisposition to ARC and the contributing factors have not yet been elucidated in the Korean population. In this study, we assessed the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the risk of ARC in Koreans, including 156 cataract cases and 138 healthy adults. We conducted an exome-wide association study using Illumina Human Exome-12v1.2 platform to screen 244,770 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). No SNPs reached exome-wide significance level of association (P < 1×10−6). B3GNT4 rs7136356 showed the most significant association with ARC (P = 6.54×10−5). Two loci (MUC16 and P2RY2) among the top 20 ARC-associated SNPs were recognized as probably linked to cataractogenesis. Functions of these genes were potentially related to regulating dehydration or homeostasis of the eyes, and showed a potential association with dry eye disease. This finding suggests that mucin- and dry eye disease-related genes may play a significant role in cataractogenesis. Our study provides insight into the genetic predisposition of ARC in Koreans. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Eom
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Yim
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Optometry, Daejeon Health Science College, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Byung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Rahmani S, Nia MM, Baghban AA, Nazari M, Ghassemi-Broumand M. Do UV-blocking Soft Contact Lenses Meet ANSI Z80.20 Criteria for UV Transmittance? J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 10:441-4. [PMID: 27051490 PMCID: PMC4795395 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.176890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare ultraviolet (UV) ray transmission in four UV-blocking soft contact lenses with Z80.20 standards set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Methods: Four soft contact lenses including Acuvue Oasys (Johnson & Johnson, Ireland), Acuvue 2 (Johnson & Johnson, Ireland), Zeiss CONTACT Day 30 (Zeiss, Germany), and Sauflon 55 UV (Sauflon, UK) were evaluated for UV transmission. One-way ANOVA testing was performed to compare mean values of UVA and UVB transmission for the contact lenses. Results: Acuvue Oasys, Acuvue 2, Zeiss CONTACT Day 30 and Sauflon 55 UV showed UV-B transmittance values of 0.24%, 1.46%, 10.37%, and 2.52%, respectively. Corresponding values for UV-A transmittance were 20.81%, 33.49%, 44.03% and 42.53%, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference among the tested contact lenses in terms of UV-B (P < 0.001) and UV-A (P < 0.001) transmission. Conclusion: Acuvue Oasys met the ANSI criteria for UV transmission and may thus be a good choice for eye and vision care specialists and contact lens wearers seeking UV protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rahmani
- School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Nazari
- School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Pilkington SJ, Belden S, Miller RA. The Tricky Tear Trough: A Review of Topical Cosmeceuticals for Periorbital Skin Rejuvenation. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2015; 8:39-47. [PMID: 26430490 PMCID: PMC4587894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for noninvasive anti-aging products for which the periorbital region serves as a critical aspect of facial rejuvenation. This article reviews a multitude of cosmeceutical ingredients that have good scientific data, specifically for the periorbital region. Topical treatment options have exponentially grown from extensively studied retinoids, to recently developed technology, such as growth factors and peptides. With a focus on the periorbital anatomy, the authors review the mechanisms of action of topical cosmeceutical ingredients, effectiveness of ingredient penetration through the stratum corneum, and validity of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Belden
- University Hospitals Regional Hospitals, Traditional Rotating Intern, Richmond Heights, Ohio
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38
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Krutmann J, Béhar-Cohen F, Baillet G, de Ayguavives T, Ortega Garcia P, Peña-García P, Remé C, Wolffsohn J. Towards standardization of UV eye protection: what can be learned from photodermatology? PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2013; 30:128-36. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Krutmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF); Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Francine Béhar-Cohen
- Team 17; Unit 872; French Institute of Medical and Health Research (INSERM); Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôtel-Dieu de Paris (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris); Paris France
| | - Gilles Baillet
- Research and Development Center; Essilor International; Saint Maur des Fossés France
| | - Tito de Ayguavives
- Research and Development Center; Essilor International; Saint Maur des Fossés France
| | | | - Pablo Peña-García
- Department of Research; Fundacion Jorge Alio; Alicante Spain
- Division of Ophthalmology; Miguel Hernández University; Alicante Spain
| | - Charlotte Remé
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology; Department of Ophthalmology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - James Wolffsohn
- Ophthalmic Research Group; School of Life and Health Sciences; Aston University; Birmingham UK
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