1
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Velazquez-Caldelas TE, Zamora-Fuentes JM, Hernandez-Lemus E. Coordinated inflammation and immune response transcriptional regulation in breast cancer molecular subtypes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357726. [PMID: 38983850 PMCID: PMC11231215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, characterized by its complexity and diversity, presents significant challenges in understanding its underlying biology. In this study, we employed gene co-expression network analysis to investigate the gene composition and functional patterns in breast cancer subtypes and normal breast tissue. Our objective was to elucidate the detailed immunological features distinguishing these tumors at the transcriptional level and to explore their implications for diagnosis and treatment. The analysis identified nine distinct gene module clusters, each representing unique transcriptional signatures within breast cancer subtypes and normal tissue. Interestingly, while some clusters exhibited high similarity in gene composition between normal tissue and certain subtypes, others showed lower similarity and shared traits. These clusters provided insights into the immune responses within breast cancer subtypes, revealing diverse immunological functions, including innate and adaptive immune responses. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer subtypes and highlight their unique characteristics. The immunological signatures identified in this study hold potential implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the network-based approach introduced herein presents a valuable framework for understanding the complexities of other diseases and elucidating their underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique Hernandez-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Neagu AN, Jayaweera T, Weraduwage K, Darie CC. A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4981. [PMID: 38732200 PMCID: PMC11084175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We are living in an era of advanced nanoscience and nanotechnology. Numerous nanomaterials, culminating in nanorobots, have demonstrated ingenious applications in biomedicine, including breast cancer (BC) nano-theranostics. To solve the complicated problem of BC heterogeneity, non-targeted drug distribution, invasive diagnostics or surgery, resistance to classic onco-therapies and real-time monitoring of tumors, nanorobots are designed to perform multiple tasks at a small scale, even at the organelles or molecular level. Over the last few years, most nanorobots have been bioengineered as biomimetic and biocompatible nano(bio)structures, resembling different organisms and cells, such as urchin, spider, octopus, fish, spermatozoon, flagellar bacterium or helicoidal cyanobacterium. In this review, readers will be able to deepen their knowledge of the structure, behavior and role of several types of nanorobots, among other nanomaterials, in BC theranostics. We summarized here the characteristics of many functionalized nanodevices designed to counteract the main neoplastic hallmark features of BC, from sustaining proliferation and evading anti-growth signaling and resisting programmed cell death to inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, preventing genomic instability, avoiding immune destruction and deregulating autophagy. Most of these nanorobots function as targeted and self-propelled smart nano-carriers or nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs), enhancing the efficiency and safety of chemo-, radio- or photodynamic therapy, or the current imagistic techniques used in BC diagnosis. Most of these nanorobots have been tested in vitro, using various BC cell lines, as well as in vivo, mainly based on mice models. We are still waiting for nanorobots that are low-cost, as well as for a wider transition of these favorable effects from laboratory to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Taniya Jayaweera
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (T.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Krishan Weraduwage
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (T.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (T.J.); (K.W.)
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3
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Cao H, Jia C, Li Z, Yang H, Fang R, Zhang Y, Cui Y. wMKL: multi-omics data integration enables novel cancer subtype identification via weight-boosted multi-kernel learning. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1001-1012. [PMID: 38278975 PMCID: PMC10951206 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by complex molecular alterations. Cancer subtypes determined from multi-omics data can provide novel insight into personalised precision treatment. It is recognised that incorporating prior weight knowledge into multi-omics data integration can improve disease subtyping. METHODS We develop a weighted method, termed weight-boosted Multi-Kernel Learning (wMKL) which incorporates heterogeneous data types as well as flexible weight functions, to boost subtype identification. Given a series of weight functions, we propose an omnibus combination strategy to integrate different weight-related P-values to improve subtyping precision. RESULTS wMKL models each data type with multiple kernel choices, thus alleviating the sensitivity and robustness issue due to selecting kernel parameters. Furthermore, wMKL integrates different data types by learning weights of different kernels derived from each data type, recognising the heterogeneous contribution of different data types to the final subtyping performance. The proposed wMKL outperforms existing weighted and non-weighted methods. The utility and advantage of wMKL are illustrated through extensive simulations and applications to two TCGA datasets. Novel subtypes are identified followed by extensive downstream bioinformatics analysis to understand the molecular mechanisms differentiating different subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The proposed wMKL method provides a novel strategy for disease subtyping. The wMKL is freely available at https://github.com/biostatcao/wMKL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cao
- Division of Health Statistics, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Division of Mathematics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Division of Health Statistics, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Hematology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiling Fang
- Division of Health Statistics, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Division of Health Statistics, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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4
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Zheng X, Xu C, Ganesan K, Chen H, Cheung YS, Chen J. Does Laterality in Breast Cancer still have the Importance to be Studied? A Meta-analysis of Patients with Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3360-3379. [PMID: 37933213 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673241301231023060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Studies show that left-sided BC in pre and post-menopausal women leads to double the risk of worse morbidity and mortality and the reasons are uncertain. Finding the relationship between BC laterality and other possible risk factors can be advantageous for the prognosis of BC. OBJECTIVE This present study aimed to analyze the relationship between BC laterality and possible risk factors. METHODS A total of 6089 studies were screened. 23 studies from 1971 to 2021 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A pooled relative risk was generated via meta-analysis with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Left-side BC laterality was significant (p < 0.00001) in the women populations compared to the right side based on the pooled size with possible high-risk factors, including handedness, older women, body mass index, people with black skin, invasive type carcinoma, and estrogen receptor-negative BC. These findings suggest that there may be a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to left-side BC laterality. CONCLUSION Results suggest an increased rate of BC on the left side, with high-risk factors contributing to BC laterality, which may be useful in predicting prognosis. This study provides significant insights into the relationship between high-risk factors and BC laterality. By identifying potential risk factors associated with left-side BC, it may be possible to improve the ability to predict prognosis and develop more targeted treatment strategies. This information could be particularly useful for healthcare providers and patients, as it may guide decisions regarding screening, prevention, and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the overall burden of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Shan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Ping J, Liu W, Chen Z, Li C. Lymph node metastases in breast cancer: Mechanisms and molecular imaging. Clin Imaging 2023; 103:109985. [PMID: 37757640 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.109985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease of women in the world. Breast cancer often metastasizes to axillary lymph nodes. Accurate assessment of the status of axillary lymph nodes is crucial to the staging and treatment of breast cancer. None of the methods used clinically for preoperative noninvasive examination of axillary lymph nodes can accurately identify cancer cells from a molecular level. In recent years, with the in-depth study of lymph node metastases, the mechanisms and molecular imaging of lymph node metastases in breast cancer have been reported. In this review, we highlight the new progress in the study of the main mechanisms of lymph node metastases in breast cancer. In addition, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of traditional preoperative axillary lymph node imaging methods for breast cancer, and list molecular imaging methods that can accurately identify breast cancer cells in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Ping
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
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6
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Kotsifaki A, Alevizopoulos N, Dimopoulou V, Armakolas A. Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment's Role in Breast Cancer: A Glimpse into Promising Frontiers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15332. [PMID: 37895012 PMCID: PMC10607694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), one of the most widespread and devastating diseases affecting women worldwide, presents a significant public health challenge. This review explores the emerging frontiers of research focused on deciphering the intricate interplay between BC cells and the immune microenvironment. Understanding the role of the immune system in BC is critical as it holds promise for novel therapeutic approaches and precision medicine strategies. This review delves into the current literature regarding the immune microenvironment's contribution to BC initiation, progression, and metastasis. It examines the complex mechanisms by which BC cells interact with various immune cell populations, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Furthermore, this review highlights the impact of immune-related factors, such as cytokines and immune checkpoint molecules. Additionally, this comprehensive analysis sheds light on the potential biomarkers associated with the immune response in BC, enabling early diagnosis and prognostic assessment. The therapeutic implications of targeting the immune microenvironment are also explored, encompassing immunotherapeutic strategies and combination therapies to enhance treatment efficacy. The significance of this review lies in its potential to pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions, providing clinicians and researchers with essential knowledge to design targeted and personalized treatment regimens for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (N.A.); (V.D.)
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7
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Thagaard J, Broeckx G, Page DB, Jahangir CA, Verbandt S, Kos Z, Gupta R, Khiroya R, Abduljabbar K, Acosta Haab G, Acs B, Akturk G, Almeida JS, Alvarado‐Cabrero I, Amgad M, Azmoudeh‐Ardalan F, Badve S, Baharun NB, Balslev E, Bellolio ER, Bheemaraju V, Blenman KRM, Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto L, Bouchmaa N, Burgues O, Chardas A, Chon U Cheang M, Ciompi F, Cooper LAD, Coosemans A, Corredor G, Dahl AB, Dantas Portela FL, Deman F, Demaria S, Doré Hansen J, Dudgeon SN, Ebstrup T, Elghazawy M, Fernandez‐Martín C, Fox SB, Gallagher WM, Giltnane JM, Gnjatic S, Gonzalez‐Ericsson PI, Grigoriadis A, Halama N, Hanna MG, Harbhajanka A, Hart SN, Hartman J, Hauberg S, Hewitt S, Hida AI, Horlings HM, Husain Z, Hytopoulos E, Irshad S, Janssen EAM, Kahila M, Kataoka TR, Kawaguchi K, Kharidehal D, Khramtsov AI, Kiraz U, Kirtani P, Kodach LL, Korski K, Kovács A, Laenkholm A, Lang‐Schwarz C, Larsimont D, Lennerz JK, Lerousseau M, Li X, Ly A, Madabhushi A, Maley SK, Manur Narasimhamurthy V, Marks DK, McDonald ES, Mehrotra R, Michiels S, Minhas FUAA, Mittal S, Moore DA, Mushtaq S, Nighat H, Papathomas T, Penault‐Llorca F, Perera RD, Pinard CJ, Pinto‐Cardenas JC, Pruneri G, Pusztai L, Rahman A, Rajpoot NM, Rapoport BL, Rau TT, Reis‐Filho JS, Ribeiro JM, Rimm D, Roslind A, Vincent‐Salomon A, Salto‐Tellez M, Saltz J, Sayed S, Scott E, Siziopikou KP, Sotiriou C, Stenzinger A, Sughayer MA, Sur D, Fineberg S, Symmans F, Tanaka S, Taxter T, Tejpar S, Teuwen J, Thompson EA, Tramm T, Tran WT, van der Laak J, van Diest PJ, Verghese GE, Viale G, Vieth M, Wahab N, Walter T, Waumans Y, Wen HY, Yang W, Yuan Y, Zin RM, Adams S, Bartlett J, Loibl S, Denkert C, Savas P, Loi S, Salgado R, Specht Stovgaard E. Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer. J Pathol 2023; 260:498-513. [PMID: 37608772 PMCID: PMC10518802 DOI: 10.1002/path.6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The clinical significance of the tumor-immune interaction in breast cancer is now established, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients with triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2-negative) breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer. How computational assessments of TILs might complement manual TIL assessment in trial and daily practices is currently debated. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) to automatically evaluate TILs have shown promising results. We review state-of-the-art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges of automated TIL evaluation by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TIL quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics: (1) technical slide issues, (2) ML and image analysis aspects, (3) data challenges, and (4) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false-positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML for TIL assessment, we provide an in-depth discussion of ML and image analysis, including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial and routine clinical management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Thagaard
- Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
- Visiopharm A/SHørsholmDenmark
| | - Glenn Broeckx
- Department of PathologyGZA‐ZNA HospitalsAntwerpBelgium
- Centre for Oncological Research (CORE), MIPPRO, Faculty of MedicineAntwerp UniversityAntwerpBelgium
| | - David B Page
- Earle A Chiles Research InstituteProvidence Cancer InstitutePortlandORUSA
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Sara Verbandt
- Digestive Oncology, Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBC Cancer Vancouver Centre, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Rajarsi Gupta
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Reena Khiroya
- Department of Cellular PathologyUniversity College Hospital LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Balazs Acs
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer DiagnosticsKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Guray Akturk
- Translational Molecular Biomarkers, Merck & Co IncRahwayNJUSA
| | - Jonas S Almeida
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG)National Cancer Institute (NCI)Rockville, MDUSA
| | | | - Mohamed Amgad
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of MedicineEmory University Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of PathologyHerlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlevDenmark
| | - Enrique R Bellolio
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChile
| | | | - Kim RM Blenman
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Medical Oncology and Yale Cancer CenterYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Computer ScienceYale School of Engineering and Applied ScienceNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical SciencesMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)Ben‐GuerirMorocco
| | - Octavio Burgues
- Pathology DepartmentHospital Cliníco Universitario de Valencia/InclivaValenciaSpain
| | - Alexandros Chardas
- Department of Pathobiology & Population SciencesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Maggie Chon U Cheang
- Head of Integrative Genomics Analysis in Clinical Trials, ICR‐CTSU, Division of Clinical StudiesThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Francesco Ciompi
- Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of PathologyNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lee AD Cooper
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and ImmunotherapyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Germán Corredor
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Anders B Dahl
- Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | | | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Sarah N Dudgeon
- Conputational Biology and BioinformaticsYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | | | - Claudio Fernandez‐Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano, HUMAN‐techUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Medicine Hem/Onc, and Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute – Precision Immunology InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Translational ImmunotherapyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthew G Hanna
- Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochester, MNUSA
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer DiagnosticsKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Søren Hauberg
- Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Akira I Hida
- Department of PathologyMatsuyama Shimin HospitalMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Hugo M Horlings
- Division of PathologyNetherlands Cancer Institute (NKI)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sheeba Irshad
- King's College London & Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Emiel AM Janssen
- Department of PathologyStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway
| | | | | | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Breast SurgeryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | | | - Andrey I Khramtsov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Umay Kiraz
- Department of PathologyStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway
| | - Pawan Kirtani
- Department of HistopathologyAakash Healthcare Super Speciality HospitalNew DelhiIndia
| | - Liudmila L Kodach
- Department of PathologyNetherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Data, Analytics and Imaging, Product DevelopmentF. Hoffmann‐La Roche AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical PathologySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Anne‐Vibeke Laenkholm
- Department of Surgical PathologyZealand University HospitalRoskildeDenmark
- Department of Surgical PathologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Corinna Lang‐Schwarz
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbHFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐NurembergBayreuthGermany
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Institut Jules BordetUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Center for Integrated DiagnosticsMassachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Marvin Lerousseau
- Centre for Computational Biology (CBIO)Mines Paris, PSL UniversityParisFrance
- Institut CuriePSL UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of PathologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, PathologyGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Sai K Maley
- NRG Oncology/NSABP FoundationPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth S McDonald
- Breast Cancer Translational Research GroupUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Indian Cancer Genomic AtlasPuneIndia
- Centre for Health, Innovation and Policy FoundationNoidaIndia
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy, Oncostat U1018, InsermUniversity Paris‐Saclay, Ligue Contre le Cancer labeled TeamVillejuifFrance
| | - Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, Warwick Cancer Research Centre, PathLAKE Consortium, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Shachi Mittal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WAUSA
| | - David A Moore
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL and Cellular Pathology DepartmentUCLHLondonUK
| | - Shamim Mushtaq
- Department of BiochemistryZiauddin UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Hussain Nighat
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAll India Institute of Medical sciencesRaipurIndia
| | - Thomas Papathomas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Department of Clinical PathologyDrammen Sykehus, Vestre Viken HFDrammenNorway
| | - Frederique Penault‐Llorca
- Centre Jean Perrin, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies ThéranostiquesClermont FerrandFrance
| | - Rashindrie D Perera
- School of Electrical, Mechanical and Infrastructure EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Division of Cancer ResearchPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher J Pinard
- Radiogenomics LaboratorySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
- Department of OncologyLakeshore Animal Health PartnersMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Centre for Advancing Responsible and Ethical Artificial Intelligence (CARE‐AI)University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
- Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer CenterYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Arman Rahman
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Bernardo Leon Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of RosebankJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jorge S Reis‐Filho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Joana M Ribeiro
- Département de Médecine OncologiqueGustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
| | - David Rimm
- Department of PathologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Anne Roslind
- Department of PathologyHerlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlevDenmark
| | - Anne Vincent‐Salomon
- Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut CurieUniversity Paris‐Sciences et LettresParisFrance
| | - Manuel Salto‐Tellez
- Integrated Pathology UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Precision Medicine CentreQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Joel Saltz
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of PathologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Ely Scott
- Translational PathologyTranslational Sciences and Diagnostics/Translational Medicine/R&D, Bristol Myers SquibbPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Kalliopi P Siziopikou
- Department of Pathology, Section of Breast PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.‐C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB)Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB)Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”Cluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNYUSA
- Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Fraser Symmans
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | | | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology, Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jonas Teuwen
- AI for Oncology Lab, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Trine Tramm
- Department of PathologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Institute of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - William T Tran
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Toronto and Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jeroen van der Laak
- Department of PathologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Johns Hopkins Oncology CenterBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Gregory E Verghese
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of PathologyEuropean Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbHFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐NurembergBayreuthGermany
| | - Noorul Wahab
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Thomas Walter
- Centre for Computational Biology (CBIO)Mines Paris, PSL UniversityParisFrance
- Institut CuriePSL UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
| | | | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUSA
| | - Wentao Yang
- Fudan Medical University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiPR China
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Reena Md Zin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Sylvia Adams
- Perlmutter Cancer CenterNYU Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineManhattanNYUSA
| | | | - Sibylle Loibl
- Department of Medicine and ResearchGerman Breast GroupNeu‐IsenburgGermany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institut für PathologiePhilipps‐Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Peter Savas
- Division of Cancer ResearchPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer ResearchPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of PathologyGZA‐ZNA HospitalsAntwerpBelgium
- Division of Cancer ResearchPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard
- Department of PathologyHerlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlevDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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8
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McDonald SJ, Cranford TL, VanderVeen BN, Cardaci TD, Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Murphy EA. miR155 deficiency reduces breast tumor burden in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:433-442. [PMID: 36121133 PMCID: PMC9602813 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00057.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA155 (miR155) has emerged as an important regulator of breast cancer (BrCa) development. Studies have consistently noted an increase in miR155 levels in serum and/or tissues in patients with BrCa. However, what is less clear is whether this increase in miR155 is a reflection of oncogenic or tumor suppressive properties. To study the effects of miR155 in a transgenic model of BrCA, we developed an MMTV-PyMT mouse deficient in miR155 (miR155-/- PyMT). miR155-/- mice (n = 11) exhibited reduced tumor number and volume palpations at ∼14-18 wk of age compared with miR155 sufficient littermates (n = 12). At 19 wk, mammary glands were excised from tumors for RT-PCR, and tumors were counted, measured, and weighed. miR155-/- PyMT mice exhibited reduced tumor volume, number, and weight, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis. There was an increase in apoptosis with miR155 deficiency and a decrease in proliferation. As expected, miR155 deficiency resulted in upregulated gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (Socs1)-its direct target. There was a reduction in gene expression of macrophage markers (CD68, Adgre1, Itgax, Mrc1) with miR-155-/- and this was confirmed with immunofluorescence staining for F4/80. miR155-/- increased expression of M1 macrophage marker Nos2 and reduced expression of M2 macrophage markers IL-10, IL-4, Arg1, and MMP9. Overall, miR155 deficiency reduced BrCA and improved the tumor microenvironment through the reduction of genes associated with protumorigenic processes. However, given the inconsistencies in the literature, additional studies are needed before any attempts are made to harness miR155 as a potential oncogenic or tumor suppressive miRNA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To examine the effects of miR155 in a transgenic model of breast cancer, we developed an MMTV-PyMT mouse-deficient in miR155. We demonstrate that global loss of miR155 resulted in blunted tumor growth through modulating the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, miR155-deficient mice had smaller and less invasive tumors, an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation, a reduction in tumor-associated macrophages, and the expression of genes associated with protumoral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Taryn L Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Precision Medicine Initiatives, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Thomas D Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
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9
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Shahverdi M, Masoumi J, Ghorbaninezhad F, Shajari N, Hajizadeh F, Hassanian H, Alizadeh N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. The modulatory role of dendritic cell-T cell cross-talk in breast cancer: Challenges and prospects. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:353-363. [PMID: 36116207 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition and presentation are highlighted as the first steps in developing specialized antigen responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are outstanding professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) responsible for priming cellular immunity in pathological states, including cancer. However, the diminished or repressed function of DCs is thought to be a substantial mechanism through which tumors escape from the immune system. In this regard, DCs obtained from breast cancer (BC) patients represent a notably weakened potency to encourage specific T-cell responses. Additionally, impaired DC-T-cell cross-talk in BC facilitates the immune evade of cancer cells and is connected with tumor advancement, immune tolerance, and adverse prognosis for patients. In this review we aim to highlight the available knowledge on DC-T-cell interactions in BC aggressiveness and show its therapeutic potential in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shahverdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Ghorbaninezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hajizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Ahmed M, Ganesan A, Barakat K. Leveraging structural and 2D-QSAR to investigate the role of functional group substitutions, conserved surface residues and desolvation in triggering the small molecule-induced dimerization of hPD-L1. BMC Chem 2022; 16:49. [PMID: 35761353 PMCID: PMC9238240 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules are rising as a new generation of immune checkpoints’ inhibitors, with compounds targeting the human Programmed death-ligand 1 (hPD-L1) protein are pioneering this area of research. Promising examples include the recently disclosed compounds from Bristol-Myers-Squibb (BMS). These molecules bind specifically to hPD-L1 through a unique mode of action. They induce dimerization between two hPD-L1 monomers through the hPD-1 binding interface in each monomer, thereby inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. While the recently reported crystal structures of such small molecules bound to hPD-L1 reveal valuable insights regarding their molecular interactions, there is still limited information about the dynamics driving this unusual complex formation. The current study provides an in-depth computational structural analysis to study the interactions of five small molecule compounds in complex with hPD-L1. By employing a combination of molecular dynamic simulations, binding energy calculations and computational solvent mapping techniques, our analyses quantified the dynamic roles of different hydrophilic and lipophilic residues at the surface of hPD-L1 in mediating these interactions. Furthermore, ligand-based analyses, including Free-Wilson 2D-QSAR was conducted to quantify the impact of R-group substitutions at different sites of the phenoxy-methyl biphenyl core. Our results emphasize the importance of a terminal phenyl ring that must be present in any hPD-L1 small molecule inhibitor. This phenyl moiety overlaps with a very unfavorable hydration site, which can explain the ability of such small molecules to trigger hPD-L1 dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- ArGan's Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Mohammad Mirzaei N, Tatarova Z, Hao W, Changizi N, Asadpoure A, Zervantonakis IK, Hu Y, Chang YH, Shahriyari L. A PDE Model of Breast Tumor Progression in MMTV-PyMT Mice. J Pers Med 2022; 12:807. [PMID: 35629230 PMCID: PMC9145520 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of breast tumors greatly depends on the interaction network among different cell types, including immune cells and cancer cells in the tumor. This study takes advantage of newly collected rich spatio-temporal mouse data to develop a data-driven mathematical model of breast tumors that considers cells' location and key interactions in the tumor. The results show that cancer cells have a minor presence in the area with the most overall immune cells, and the number of activated immune cells in the tumor is depleted over time when there is no influx of immune cells. Interestingly, in the case of the influx of immune cells, the highest concentrations of both T cells and cancer cells are in the boundary of the tumor, as we use the Robin boundary condition to model the influx of immune cells. In other words, the influx of immune cells causes a dominant outward advection for cancer cells. We also investigate the effect of cells' diffusion and immune cells' influx rates in the dynamics of cells in the tumor micro-environment. Sensitivity analyses indicate that cancer cells and adipocytes' diffusion rates are the most sensitive parameters, followed by influx and diffusion rates of cytotoxic T cells, implying that targeting them is a possible treatment strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarova
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Navid Changizi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; (N.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Alireza Asadpoure
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; (N.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Ioannis K. Zervantonakis
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (Y.H.)
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12
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Vincent MP, Navidzadeh JO, Bobbala S, Scott EA. Leveraging self-assembled nanobiomaterials for improved cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:255-276. [PMID: 35148814 PMCID: PMC8930620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and targeted drug delivery vehicles improve the therapeutic index of drugs and permit greater control over their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and bioavailability. Here, nanotechnologies applied to cancer immunotherapy are discussed with a focus on current and next generation self-assembling drug delivery systems composed of lipids and/or polymers. Topics covered include the fundamental design, suitability, and inherent properties of nanomaterials that induce anti-tumor immune responses and support anti-cancer vaccination. Established active and passive targeting strategies as well as newer "indirect" methods are presented together with insights into how nanocarrier structure and surface chemistry can be leveraged for controlled delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Justin O Navidzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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13
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Hu Y, Manasrah BK, McGregor SM, Lera RF, Norman RX, Tucker JB, Scribano CM, Yan RE, Humayun M, Wisinski KB, Tevaarwerk AJ, O'Regan RM, Wilke LG, Weaver BA, Beebe DJ, Jin N, Burkard ME. Paclitaxel Induces Micronucleation and Activates Pro-Inflammatory cGAS-STING Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2553-2567. [PMID: 34583980 PMCID: PMC8643310 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes remain one of the most effective medical treatments for breast cancer. Clinical trials have coupled taxanes with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with promising results. However, the mechanism linking taxanes to immune activation is unclear. To determine if paclitaxel could elicit an antitumoral immune response, we sampled tumor tissues from patients with TNBC receiving weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) and found increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and micronucleation over baseline in three of six samples. At clinically relevant concentrations, paclitaxel can induce chromosome missegregation on multipolar spindles during mitosis. Consequently, post-mitotic cells are multinucleated and contain micronuclei, which often activate cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and may induce a type I IFN response reliant on the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway. Other microtubule-targeting agents, eribulin and vinorelbine, recapitulate this cGAS/STING response and increased the expression of immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1, in TNBC cell lines. To test the possibility that microtubule-targeting agents sensitize tumors that express cGAS to immune checkpoint inhibitors, we identified 10 patients with TNBC treated with PD-L1 or PD-1, seven of whom also received microtubule-targeting agents. Elevated baseline cGAS expression significantly correlated with treatment response in patients receiving microtubule-targeting agents in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our study identifies a mechanism by which microtubule-targeting agents can potentiate an immune response in TNBC. Further, baseline cGAS expression may predict patient treatment response to therapies combining microtubule-targeting agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Baraa K Manasrah
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephanie M McGregor
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert F Lera
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Roshan X Norman
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John B Tucker
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christina M Scribano
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rachel E Yan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kari B Wisinski
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amye J Tevaarwerk
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ruth M O'Regan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lee G Wilke
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Beth A Weaver
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David J Beebe
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ning Jin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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14
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Veiga RN, de Oliveira JC, Gradia DF. PBX1: a key character of the hallmarks of cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1667-1680. [PMID: 34529123 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox transcription factor 1 (PBX1) was first identified as part of a fusion protein resulting from the chromosomal translocation t(1;19) in pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Since then, PBX1 has been associated with important developmental programs, and its expression dysregulation has been related to multifactorial disorders, including cancer. As PBX1 overexpression in many cancers is correlated to poor prognosis, we sought to understand how this transcription factor contributes to carcinogenesis, and to organize PBX1's roles in the hallmarks of cancer. There is enough evidence to associate PBX1 with at least five hallmarks: sustaining proliferative signaling, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, resisting cell death, and deregulating cellular energetics. The lack of studies investigating a possible role for PBX1 on the remaining hallmarks made it impossible to defend or refute its contribution on them. However, the functions of some of the PBX1's transcription targets indicate a potential engagement of PBX1 in the avoidance of immune destruction and in the tumor-promoting inflammation hallmarks. Interestingly, PBX1 might be a player in tumor suppression by activating the transcription of some DNA damage response genes. This is the first review organizing PBX1 roles into the hallmarks of cancer. Thus, we encourage future studies to uncover the PBX1's underlying mechanisms to promote carcinogenesis, for it is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nasser Veiga
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil.
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15
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The Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236012. [PMID: 34885122 PMCID: PMC8657247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field in breast cancer treatment, however, it encounters many obstacles that leave open gateways for breast cancer cells to resist novel immunotherapies. It is believed that the tumor microenvironment consisting of cancer, stromal, and immune cells as well as a plethora of tumor-promoting soluble factors, is responsible for the failure of therapeutic strategies in cancer, including breast tumors. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of key barriers to effective immunotherapy, focusing the research efforts on harnessing the power of the immune system, and thus, developing new strategies to overcome the resistance may contribute significantly to increase breast cancer patient survival. In this review, we discuss the latest reports regarding the strategies rendering the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment more sensitive to immunotherapy in breast cancers, HER2-positive and triple-negative types of breast cancer, which are attractive from an immunotherapeutic point of view. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) has traditionally been considered to be not inherently immunogenic and insufficiently represented by immune cell infiltrates. Therefore, for a long time, it was thought that the immunotherapies targeting this type of cancer and its microenvironment were not justified and would not bring benefits for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, to date, a considerable number of reports have indicated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognostic and clinically relevant biomarker in breast cancer. A high TILs expression has been demonstrated in primary tumors, of both, HER2-positive BC and triple-negative (TNBC), of patients before treatment, as well as after treatment with adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Another milestone was reached in advanced TNBC immunotherapy with the help of the immune checkpoint inhibitors directed against the PD-L1 molecule. Although those findings, together with the recent developments in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, show immense promise for significant advancements in breast cancer treatments, there are still various obstacles to the optimal activity of immunotherapeutics in BC treatment. Of these, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes a key barrier that greatly hinders the success of immunotherapies in the most aggressive types of breast cancer, HER2-positive and TNBC. Therefore, the improvement of the current and the demand for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies is strongly warranted.
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Ye Y, Xu C, Chen F, Liu Q, Cheng N. Targeting Innate Immunity in Breast Cancer Therapy: A Narrative Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:771201. [PMID: 34899721 PMCID: PMC8656691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although breast cancer has been previously considered "cold" tumors, numerous studies are currently conducted to explore the great potentials of immunotherapies in improving breast cancer patient outcomes. In addition to the focus on stimulating adaptive immunity for antitumor responses, growing evidence showed the importance of triggering host innate immunity to eradicate established tumors and/or control tumor metastasis of breast cancer. In this review, we first briefly introduce the breast tumor immune microenvironment. We also discuss innate immune targets and pathways and mechanisms of their synergy with the adaptive antitumor response and other treatment strategies. Lastly, we review clinical trials targeting innate immune pathways for breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ye
- Zenomics. Inc. Magnify at California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fengqian Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Cilibrasi C, Papanastasopoulos P, Samuels M, Giamas G. Reconstituting Immune Surveillance in Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathophysiology and Current Immunotherapy Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12015. [PMID: 34769447 PMCID: PMC8584417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, breast cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an active field of research, generating novel, targeted treatments for the disease. Immunotherapies carry enormous potential to improve survival in breast cancer, particularly for the subtypes carrying the poorest prognoses. Here, we review the mechanisms by which cancer evades immune destruction as well as the history of breast cancer immunotherapies and recent developments, including clinical trials that have shaped the treatment of the disease with a focus on cell therapies, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cilibrasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | | | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; (P.P.); (M.S.)
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Huang G, Yang J, Chen L, Wu T. Editorial: Applications of Metagenomics in Studying Human Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:760141. [PMID: 34603403 PMCID: PMC8481774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Huang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | | | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoyang Wu
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Kim R, Kin T. Current and Future Therapies for Immunogenic Cell Death and Related Molecules to Potentially Cure Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194756. [PMID: 34638242 PMCID: PMC8507525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How a cure for primary breast cancer after (neo)adjuvant therapy can be achieved at the molecular level remains unclear. Immune activation by anticancer drugs may contribute to the eradication of residual tumor cells by postoperative (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation by memory effector T cells, leading to the curing of primary breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted therapy against damage-associated molecular patterns. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines. Abstract How primary breast cancer can be cured after (neo)adjuvant therapy remains unclear at the molecular level. Immune activation by anticancer agents may contribute to residual tumor cell eradication with postsurgical (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation with memory effector T cells, leading to a primary breast cancer cure. Anthracycline and taxane treatments cause ICD and immunogenic modulations, resulting in the activation of antitumor immunity through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate, calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, heat shock proteins 70/90, and annexin A1. This response may eradicate residual tumor cells after surgical treatment. Although DAMP release is also implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, thereby representing a double-edged sword, robust immune activation by anticancer agents and the subsequent acquisition of long-term antitumor immune memory can be essential components of the primary breast cancer cure. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted anti-DAMP therapy. Our aim was to improve the understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Moto-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8518, Japan;
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Wang L, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang A, Qu P. PD-1 Coexpression Gene Analysis and the Regulatory Network in Endometrial Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9923434. [PMID: 34124265 PMCID: PMC8172290 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies are tumors of the female reproductive system, mainly cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignant tumor in developed countries. The aim of this study was to construct a network of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) coexpressed genes through bioinformatics analysis and screen the potential biomarkers of PD-1 in endometrial cancer. In addition, genes and pathways involved in PD-1 and modulating tumor immune status were identified. We select the EC transcriptomic dataset in TCGA to retrieve gene sets on the cBioPortal platform, and the PD-1 coexpressed genes were obtained on the platform. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of coexpressed genes was performed using the DAVID database. The target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and the hub genes were then screened. A total of 976 coexpression genes were obtained. The enrichment analysis showed that PD-1 coexpressed genes were significantly enriched in overall components of the cell structure, the interaction of cytokines with cytokine receptors, chemokine signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Ten hub genes were obtained by node degree analysis. CD3E gene is involved in the prognosis and immune process of EC, and the expression level is related to PD-1 (Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.82, P < 0.01). Patients with low CD3E gene expression in EC have a poor prognosis. The coexpression hub genes of PD-1 are related to immunity, in which CD3E is a prognostic marker that is involved in the PD-1/PD-L1-induced tumor immune escape. This study provides a new area to study the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 in EC and the precise treatment with targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, China
| | - Pengpeng Qu
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
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Lee M, Kim D, Kwon S. Hypergravity-induced changes in actin response of breast cancer cells to natural killer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7267. [PMID: 33790394 PMCID: PMC8012622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy holds promising cytotoxic activity against lymphoma or leukemia, the immunosuppressive mechanisms of solid tumors remain challenging. In this study, we developed and applied a hypergravity exposure system as a novel strategy to improve the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to natural killer (NK) cells for efficient immunotherapy. Following exposure to hypergravity, either in the presence or absence of NK cells, we investigated for changes in the cell cytoskeletal structure, which is related to the F-actin mediated immune evasion mechanism (referred to as "actin response") of cancer cells. Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed thrice to a 20 min hypergravitational condition (10 × g), with a 20 min rest period between each exposure. The applied hypergravity induces changes in the intracellular cytoskeleton structure without decreasing the cell viability but increasing the cytotoxicity of MDA-MB-231 from 4 to 18% (4.5-fold) at a 3:1 ratio (NK-to-target). Analyses related to F-actin further demonstrate that the applied hypergravity results in rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, leading to inhibition of the actin response of MDA-MB-231. Taken together, our results suggest that the mechanical load increases through application of hypergravity, which potentially improves efficiency of cell-based immunotherapies by sensitizing tumors to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo Nam-gu, Inchon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Biology and Medical Device Evaluation Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gwacheon, Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo Nam-gu, Inchon, 22212, South Korea.
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22
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Chan-Zapata I, Segura-Campos MR. Honey and its protein components: Effects in the cancer immunology. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13613. [PMID: 33768550 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in cancer development, but some tumor cells can evade or inhibit the processes of innate and adaptive immunity. This review made a description of honey and its proteins effect on diverse mediators from the immune system. Scientific evidence reported that many types of honey (jungle, manuka, pasture, and others) and some isolated proteins enhanced the release of reactive oxygen species (O2 - and H2 O2 ) and cytokines (mostly IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by innate immune system cells. Furthermore, honey elicited proliferation and functions of T lymphocytes, cells related to specific adaptive immune responses. These studies have established a precedent over the honey and its properties on the immune system, demonstrating that it can promote the innate and adaptive immunity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cancer is a genetic illness that represents a world health problem. Recognizing the potential of diet therapy in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, the present work summarizes the effects of honey on the immune system and mediators involved in cancer elimination processes, establishing the importance of this natural product as a future anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chan-Zapata
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
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Dieleman S, Aarnoutse R, Ziemons J, Kooreman L, Boleij A, Smidt M. Exploring the Potential of Breast Microbiota as Biomarker for Breast Cancer and Therapeutic Response. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:968-982. [PMID: 33713687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer tissue contains its own unique microbiota. Emerging preclinical data indicates that breast microbiota dysbiosis contributes to breast cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the breast microbiota may be a promising biomarker for treatment selection and prognosis. Differences in breast microbiota composition have been found between breast cancer subtypes and disease severities that may contribute to immunosuppression, enabling tumor cells to evade immune destruction. Interactions between breast microbiota, gut microbiota, and immune system are proposed, all forming potential targets to increase therapeutic efficacy. In addition, because the gut microbiota affects the host immune system and systemic availability of estrogen and bile acids known to influence tumor biology, gut microbiota modulation could be used to manipulate breast microbiota composition. Identifying breast and gut microbial compositions that respond positively to certain anticancer therapeutics could significantly reduce cancer burden. Additional research is needed to unravel the complexity of breast microbiota functioning and its interactions with the gut and the immune system. In this review, developments in the understanding of breast microbiota and its interaction with the immune system and the gut microbiota are discussed. Furthermore, the biomarker potential of breast microbiota is evaluated in conjunction with possible strategies to target microbiota in order to improve breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dieleman
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Romy Aarnoutse
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Ziemons
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Kooreman
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Smidt
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Pacheco-Torres J, Penet MF, Mironchik Y, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. The PD-L1 metabolic interactome intersects with choline metabolism and inflammation. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33608051 PMCID: PMC7893974 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing the power of the immune system by using immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in some of the most exciting advances in cancer treatment. The full potential of this approach has, however, not been fully realized for treating many cancers such as pancreatic and breast cancer. Cancer metabolism influences many aspects of cancer progression including immune surveillance. An expanded understanding of how cancer metabolism can directly impact immune checkpoints may allow further optimization of immunotherapy. We therefore investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme observed in most cancers, and the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. Methods We used small interfering RNA to downregulate Chk-α, PD-L1, or both in two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149) and two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Pa09C and Pa20C). The effects of the downregulation were studied at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. The findings were compared with the results obtained by the analysis of public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Results We identified an inverse dependence between Chk-α and PD-L1 at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. We also found that prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) play an important role in this relationship. We independently confirmed this relationship in human cancers by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Conclusions Our data identified previously unknown roles of PD-L1 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and revealed the immunosuppressive increased PD-L1 effect of Chk-α downregulation. These data suggest that PD-L1 regulation of metabolism may be mediated through Chk-α, COX-2, and TGF-β. The observations provide new insights that can be applied to the rational design of combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints and cancer metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00245-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Decreased levels of circulating cytokines VEGF, TNF-β and IL-15 indicate PD-L1 overexpression in tumours of primary breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1294. [PMID: 33446741 PMCID: PMC7809365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpression has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in several human cancers whose increased malignant behaviour might be related to PD-L1 mediated systemic immunological tolerance. This study aims to verify if circulating cytokines may serve as a proxy for non-invasive identification of sensitive prognostic biomarkers reflecting tumour and its microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure PD-L1 expression in tumour tissue sections of 148 chemonaïve breast cancer (BC) patients. The panel of 51 cytokines was analysed using multiplex bead arrays. High PD-L1 expression in tumours was associated with shorter progression-free survival (HR 3.25; 95% CI 1.39–7.61; P = 0.006) and low circulating levels of three multifunctional molecules; VEGF, TNF-β and IL-15 (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, patients with low VEGF had 4.6-fold increased risk of PD-L1 overexpression (P = 0.008), present in 76.5% of patients with all these three cytokines below the median (vs. 35.6% among the others; P = 0.002). The area under the curve value of 0.722 (95% CI 0.59–0.85; P = 0.004) shows that this combination of cytokines has a moderate ability to discriminate between PD-L1 high vs. PD-L1 low patients. Plasma cytokines, therefore, could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the identification of high-risk BC cases.
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Wu D, Zhao Z, Kim J, Razmi A, Wang LL, Kapate N, Gao Y, Peng K, Ukidve A, Mitragotri S. Gemcitabine and doxorubicin in immunostimulatory monophosphoryl lipid A liposomes for treating breast cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10188. [PMID: 33532588 PMCID: PMC7823124 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is increasingly shifting toward targeting the tumor immune microenvironment and influencing populations of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Breast cancer presents a unique challenge as tumors of the triple-negative breast cancer subtype employ a multitude of immunosilencing mechanisms that promote immune evasion and rapid growth. Treatment of breast cancer with chemotherapeutics has been shown to induce underlying immunostimulatory responses that can be further amplified with the addition of immune-modulating agents. Here, we investigate the effects of combining doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM), two commonly used chemotherapeutics, with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a clinically used TLR4 adjuvant derived from liposaccharides. MPLA was incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes loaded with a 1:1 molar ratio of DOX and GEM to create an intravenously administered treatment. In vivo studies indicated excellent efficacy of both GEM-DOX liposomes and GEM-DOX-MPLA liposomes against 4T1 tumors. In vitro and in vivo results showed increased dendritic cell expression of CD86 in the presence of liposomes containing chemotherapeutics and MPLA. Despite this, a tumor rechallenge study indicated little effect on tumor growth upon rechallenge, indicating the lack of a long-term immune response. GEM/DOX/MPLA-L displayed remarkable control of the primary tumor growth and can be further explored for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with other forms of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Wu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amaya Razmi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lily Li‐Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kevin Peng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Na HY, Park Y, Nam SK, Lee KS, Oh HK, Kim DW, Kang SB, Kim WH, Lee HS. Expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and β2-microglobulin in colorectal cancer and its prognostic impact. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:91-100. [PMID: 33159376 PMCID: PMC7780028 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I has been postulated to be a mechanism of adaptive immune escape in various tumors, especially microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to investigate HLA class I and β2-microglobulin (β2M) expression in MSI-H and microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRCs and determine its prognostic impact. The representative areas from the tumor center (TC) and tumor periphery (TP) from 300 CRCs, including 161 MSI-H and 139 MSS cases, were selected to construct a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HLA A/B/C, β2M, CD3, and CD8 was performed. Reduced HLA A/B/C expression was detected in 113 (70.2%) MSI-H and 54 (38.8%) MSS cases, while reduced β2M expression was observed in 69 (42.9%) MSI-H and 17 (12.2%) MSS cases. Although reduced β2M expression was associated with higher pathological tumor (pT) stage in MSI-H CRC with borderline significance, no association was found between HLA A/B/C and β2M expression and survival. Interestingly, reduced HLA A/B/C expression in MSS was associated with higher stage, and reduced HLA A/B/C and β2M expression was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, reduced HLA A/B/C and β2M expression was frequently observed in immunotherapy-naive MSI-H CRC, suggesting the possibility of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor. Interestingly, downregulation of HLA A/B/C and β2M was associated with poor prognosis in MSS cancers. Overall, IHC for HLA A/B/C and β2M might be a feasible predictive or prognostic tool in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Yujun Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Heung-Kwon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Barba D, León-Sosa A, Lugo P, Suquillo D, Torres F, Surre F, Trojman L, Caicedo A. Breast cancer, screening and diagnostic tools: All you need to know. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103174. [PMID: 33249359 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women worldwide. Methods for screening and diagnosis allow health care professionals to provide personalized treatments that improve the outcome and survival. Scientists and physicians are working side-by-side to develop evidence-based guidelines and equipment to detect cancer earlier. However, the lack of comprehensive interdisciplinary information and understanding between biomedical, medical, and technology professionals makes innovation of new screening and diagnosis tools difficult. This critical review gathers, for the first time, information concerning normal breast and cancer biology, established and emerging methods for screening and diagnosis, staging and grading, molecular and genetic biomarkers. Our purpose is to address key interdisciplinary information about these methods for physicians and scientists. Only the multidisciplinary interaction and communication between scientists, health care professionals, technical experts and patients will lead to the development of better detection tools and methods for an improved screening and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barba
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariana León-Sosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Lugo
- Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Ayuda Familiar y Comunitaria AFAC, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suquillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Ingeniería en Procesos Biotecnológicos, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Torres
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Frederic Surre
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Trojman
- LISITE, Isep, 75006, Paris, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías Politécnico - USFQ, Instituto de Micro y Nanoelectrónica, IMNE, USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Prognostic significance of S100A8-positive immune cells in relation to other immune cell infiltration in pre-invasive and invasive breast cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1365-1378. [PMID: 33146829 PMCID: PMC8053168 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in tumor progression through both immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of S100A8, a well-known MDSC marker, and the significance of its expression in pre-invasive and invasive breast cancers. S100A8 expression in tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and its association with clinicopathologic features and infiltration of other IC subsets including CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1+ ICs was evaluated. S100A8 expression in TCs and ICs showed a positive correlation in pre-invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma. S100A8+ ICs, but not S100A8+ TCs, were significantly higher in number in invasive carcinoma than in pre-invasive carcinoma. Infiltration of S100A8+ ICs was revealed as a poor prognostic indicator in pre-invasive and invasive carcinomas, especially in hormone receptor-positive subgroup. Infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ TIL subsets and PD-L1+ ICs was significantly higher in S100A8+ IC (+) group than in S100A8+ IC (−) group. Combined analyses of IC subset infiltration revealed that infiltration of S100A8+ ICs was associated with poor clinical outcome in the PD-L1+ IC (−), CD8+ TIL-low, and FOXP3+ TIL-low subgroups. In conclusion, S100A8+ ICs seem to undergo a dynamic change during breast cancer progression in association with other IC subset infiltration. The prognostic impact of S100A8+ IC infiltration was greater in less immunogenic tumors.
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Shen Q, Reedijk M. Notch Signaling and the Breast Cancer Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:183-200. [PMID: 33034033 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch promotes breast cancer progression through tumor initiating cell maintenance, tumor cell fate specification, proliferation, survival, and motility. In addition, Notch is recognized as a decisive mechanism in regulating various juxtacrine and paracrine communications in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this chapter, we review recent studies on stress-mediated Notch activation within the TME and sequelae such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, changes in the innate and adaptive immunophenotype, and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Gu T, Li G, Wu X, Zeng T, Xu Q, Li L, Vladyslav S, Chen G, Lu L. Effects of immunopotentiators on biochemical parameters, proinflammatory cytokine, and nonspecific immune responses in Shaoxing ducklings. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5461-5471. [PMID: 33142463 PMCID: PMC7647927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are one of the most important medical discoveries of the 20th century and will remain an essential tool for treating animal and human diseases in the 21st century. However, misuse of antibiotics imperils the development of animal husbandry and human health all over the world, and it is important to find reliable alternatives to antibiotics to reduce the use of antibiotics. In this study, 22 potential immunopotentiators were screened on the levels of apoptosis and inflammatory factor in duck embryo fibroblast cells (DEFs). The results indicated that interferon (IFN)-β and tumor necrosis factor-α gene transcriptions were significantly upregulated, while interleukin (IL)-2 and Bcl2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased during 22 immunopotentiators treatment. Besides, the expression level of IL-1β mRNA showed significant increase during dihydromyricetin, chlorogenic acid, naringin, imiquimod, thymopentin, β-D-Glucan, astragalus polysacharin, astragalus saponin I, astragalus flavone, curcumin, CpG-DNA-2, and LPS treatment. And the level of caspase 3 protein was significantly upregulated with treating chlorogenic acid, β-D-Glucan, astragalus polysacharin, astragalus flavone, curcumin, CpG-DNA-2, chicken IgG, LPS, and poly(I:C). These results indicated that chlorogenic acid, β-D-Glucan, astragalus flavone, CpG-DNA-2, and chicken IgG have the positive immune regulation effects on duck DEFs. Thus, the 5 immunopotentiators were chosen to further verify their immunomodulatory function in vivo. The results showed that the activity of serum AST was significantly downregulated during all immunopotentiators treatments excepting for β-D-Glucan, and the activities of serum IL12p40, IL-1β, IFN-α, and IFN-β were significantly increased compared with the control group. Five immunopotentiators also induced the duck's pattern recognition receptors and inflammatory factor gene expression. In addition, 5 immunopotentiators could facilitate the contents of serum caspase 3, iNOSm and COX2 and reduce the Bcl2. These results suggested that these 5 immunopotentiators could enhance duck innate immune responses. Taken together, our study not only screened out 5 kinds of duck innate immune immunopotentiators but also initially clarified their underlying mechanism of action, which provide a new insight for the development of efficient approaches to prevent the duck disease from pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Liumeng Li
- Zhuji Poultry Development Co., Ltd., Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Spyrydonov Vladyslav
- National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03041, Ukraine
| | - Guohong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
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Tian Z, Tang J, Liao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Wu G. An immune-related prognostic signature for predicting breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7672-7685. [PMID: 32841536 PMCID: PMC7571818 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women. Increasing evidence has validated the vital role of the immune system in BC development and recurrence. In this study, we identified an immune‐related prognostic signature of BRCA that could help delineate risk scores of poor outcome for each patient. This prognostic signature comprised information on five danger genes—TSLP, BIRC5, S100B, MDK, and S100P—and three protect genes RARRES3, BLNK, and ACO1. Kaplan‐Meier survival curve showed that patients classified as low‐risk according to optimum cut‐off risk score had better prognosis than those identified within the high‐risk group. ROC analysis indicated that the identified prognostic signature had excellent diagnostic efficiency for predicting 3‐ and 5‐years relapse‐free survival (RFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis proved that the prognostic signature is independent of other clinical parameters. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the prognostic signature can be used to predict the RFS of BC patients within the same clinical subgroup. We also developed a nomogram to predict the RFS of patients. The calibration plots exhibited outstanding performance. The validation sets (GSE21653, GSE20711, and GSE88770) were used to external validation. More convincingly, the real time RT‐PCR results of clinical samples demonstrated that danger genes were significantly upregulated in BC samples, whereas protect genes were downregulated. In conclusion, we developed and validated an immune‐related prognostic signature, which exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency in predicting the recurrence of BC, and will help to make personalized treatment decisions for patients at different risk score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianing Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Chen B, Yuan Y, Sun L, Chen J, Yang M, Yin Y, Xu Y. MKL1 Mediates TGF-β Induced RhoJ Transcription to Promote Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:832. [PMID: 32984327 PMCID: PMC7478007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential regulation of gene transcription contributes to cancer metastasis. We investigated the involvement of a Rho GTPase (RhoJ) in breast cancer metastasis focusing on the mechanism underlying RhoJ trans-activation by pro-metastatic cues. We report that expression of RhoJ was up-regulated in malignant breast cancer cells compared to more benign ones. Higher RhoJ expression was also detected in human breast cancer biopsy specimens of advanced stages. RhoJ depletion attenuated breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The pro-metastatic stimulus TGF-β activated RhoJ via megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1). MKL1 interacted with and was recruited by ETS-related gene 1 (ERG1) to the RhoJ promoter to activate transcription. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel transcriptional pathway that contributes to breast cancer metastasis. Targeting the ERG1-MKL1-RhoJ axis may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysioloy and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysioloy and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Life and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysioloy and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Chai Y, Chen Y, Li W, Qin Z, Gao J, Jiang Z, Ge Y, Guan L, Zhang M, Liu H, Yu H, Wang Q, Yang C. Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection as an Adjuvant Therapy on Advanced Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2871494. [PMID: 32904623 PMCID: PMC7456485 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2871494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aidi injection (ADI) is being used widely for breast cancer in China. However, the efficacy and safety of it need to be summarized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare ADI and non-ADI treatment for advanced breast cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, SinoMed, and CENTRAL from inception to Jan 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with diagnosis of advanced breast cancer that compared the efficacy of ADI with non-ADI treatment. Two researchers screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias separately. The primary outcomes were overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). The secondary outcomes included the QOL, immune cells, and adverse events. Review Manager software was used for estimating risks of bias of included studies, data analysis, and plotting. The sensitivity analysis and the publication bias test were performed using the R language. I 2 and chi-square tests were used to estimate heterogeneity. If P > 0.1 or I 2 < 40%, the fixed-effect model meta-analysis was performed. A random or fixed-effect analysis was used depending on the heterogeneity testing. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or standard mean difference (SMD) was used for analysis of continuous data, and the rate ratio (RR) was calculated for the dichotomous variable, respectively. RESULTS We included 14 studies with 1006 patients diagnosed as advanced breast cancer in total. The pooled effect showed that ADI increased ORR in advanced BC patients as an add-on therapy with little heterogeneity (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27). DCR in BC patients could not be improved by ADI. ADI improved the KPS score in BC patients compared with chemotherapy alone (MD = 3.26, 95% CI 1.74-4.78). There were no improvements on immune markers except CD4/CD8 and NK%. Serum tumor markers CEA and CA153 were decreased while treated with ADI, but only one trial was involved. ADI decreased the numbers of myelosuppression in advanced BC patients, and AST, ALT, γ-GT, and CK-MB were all decreased. The sensitivity evaluation indicated that the result of the pooled effect size had good stability. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that based on the existing evidence, treatment with ADI significantly changed the ORR of patients with advanced BC and improved their quality of life with few side effects. However, more randomized trials involving larger samples should be considered, and detailed mechanisms are needed to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chai
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Ethnic Minority Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhong Qin
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhibin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuhong Ge
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Liancheng Guan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengzhi Zhang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huaiquan Liu
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingxue Wang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Changfu Yang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Tian S, Jing R, Zhang W. Network-Based Approach to Identify the Antiproliferative Mechanisms of Bruceine D in Breast Cancer From the Cancer Genome Atlas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1001. [PMID: 32714860 PMCID: PMC7343963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruceine D (BD) is a natural compound extracted from a Chinese herb Brucea javanica that has been used for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer treatment. However, little is reported about BD's effects in breast cancer tumorigenesis. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the effect of BD in breast cancer and elucidate the potential mechanism of BD by integrated multiple databases. Our data suggested BD inhibited MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation and promoted cells apoptosis. We integrated multiple bioinformatics analysis strategies to identify genes, hub modules and pathways associated with BD treatment. Three key pathways, including AMIT_SERUM_RESPONSE_40_MCF10A, BILD_HRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, and NAGASHIMA_NRG1_SIGNALING_UP were identified to be associated with therapeutic effects of BD in breast cancer. Additionally, we validated the key genes by using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. In conclusion, these findings revealed potential molecular mechanisms of BD to treat breast cancer by affecting AMIT_SERUM_RESPONSE_40_MCF10A, BILD_HRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, and NAGASHIMA_NRG1_SIGNALING_UP pathways and regulating expression of ZFP36, EGR1, and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kansara S, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Sethi G, Garg M, Pandey AK. Mechanistic Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Oncotherapeutics Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061511. [PMID: 32575858 PMCID: PMC7349003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal forms of breast cancer (BC), with a significant disease burden worldwide. Chemoresistance and lack of targeted therapeutics are major hindrances to effective treatments in the clinic and are crucial causes of a worse prognosis and high rate of relapse/recurrence in patients diagnosed with TNBC. In the last decade, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to perform a pivotal role in most cellular functions. The aberrant functional expression of lncRNAs plays an ever-increasing role in the progression of diverse malignancies, including TNBC. Therefore, lncRNAs have been recently studied as predictors and modifiers of chemoresistance. Our review discusses the potential involvement of lncRNAs in drug-resistant mechanisms commonly found in TNBC and highlights various therapeutic strategies to target lncRNAs in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kansara
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518005, China; (V.P.); (P.E.L.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518005, China; (V.P.); (P.E.L.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.K.P.)
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Annaratone L, Cascardi E, Vissio E, Sarotto I, Chmielik E, Sapino A, Berrino E, Marchiò C. The Multifaceted Nature of Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Carcinomas. Pathobiology 2020; 87:125-142. [PMID: 32325459 PMCID: PMC7265767 DOI: 10.1159/000507055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in breast carcinomas can be appreciated at various levels, from morphology to molecular alterations, and there are well-known genotypic-phenotypic correlations. Clinical decision-making is strictly focused on the evaluation of tumor cells and is based on the assessment of hormone receptors and of the HER2 status, by means of a combination of immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. The tumor microenvironment (TME) also shows a multifaceted nature stemming from the different actors populating the intratumoral and the peritumoral stroma of breast carcinomas. Of note, we have now evidence that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are clinically meaningful as their quantification in the intratumoral stroma strongly correlates with good prognosis, in particular in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, TILs are just one of the many actors orchestrating the complexity of the TME, which is populated by immune and non-immune cells (cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated adipocytes), as well as non-cellular components such as chemical inflammation mediators. In this review article we will overview the main features of the distinct cell compartments by discussing (i) the potential impact the TME may have on the prognostic stratification of breast cancers and (ii) the possible predictive value of some markers in the context of immunotherapy in light of the recent results of phase III studies in advanced and early triple-negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Annaratone
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Vissio
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Sarotto
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Sapino
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy,
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,
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Zahedi S, Mulcahy Levy JM. Autophagy: When to strike? JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:13-16. [PMID: 32457939 PMCID: PMC7250464 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.2.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Zahedi
- Department of of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Jean M Mulcahy Levy
- Department of of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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The landscape of novel and complementary targets for immunotherapy: an analysis of gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4532-4545. [PMID: 31360302 PMCID: PMC6642048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have saved lives, but these therapies have only been effective in some patients. Patients positive for expression of immune checkpoint proteins in the tumor microenvironment show better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Consequently, knowledge of which genes are consistently expressed in lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment can convey potentially effective and complementary new immunotherapy targets.
Results: We identified 54 genes that have higher co-expression with the pan T-cell marker CD3E than CTLA4 or PDCD1. In a dataset of 26 patients who received anti-PD-1 therapy, we observed that co-expression between CD3E and PDCD1 was higher among responders than non-responders, supporting our correlation-based approach.
Conclusions: The genes highlighted in these analyses, which include CD6, TIGIT, CD96, and SLAMF6, warrant further investigation of their therapeutic potential.
Methods: We analyzed and ranked genes that were co-expressed with the pan T-cell marker CD3E in 9,601 human tumors, spanning 31 cancer types. To further identify targets that may be complementary to existing PD-1 therapy, we examined and ranked genes with high CD3E co-expression and relatively low PDCD1 co-expression.
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Wang H, Milberg O, Bartelink IH, Vicini P, Wang B, Narwal R, Roskos L, Santa-Maria CA, Popel AS. In silico simulation of a clinical trial with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies in metastatic breast cancer using a systems pharmacology model. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190366. [PMID: 31218069 PMCID: PMC6549962 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The low response rate of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer has highlighted the need for predictive biomarkers to identify responders. While a number of clinical trials are ongoing, testing all possible combinations is not feasible. In this study, a quantitative systems pharmacology model is built to integrate immune-cancer cell interactions in patients with breast cancer, including central, peripheral, tumour-draining lymph node (TDLN) and tumour compartments. The model can describe the immune suppression and evasion in both TDLN and the tumour microenvironment due to checkpoint expression, and mimic the tumour response to checkpoint blockade therapy. We investigate the relationship between the tumour response to checkpoint blockade therapy and composite tumour burden, PD-L1 expression and antigen intensity, including their individual and combined effects on the immune system, using model-based simulations. The proposed model demonstrates the potential to make predictions of tumour response of individual patients given sufficient clinical measurements, and provides a platform that can be further adapted to other types of immunotherapy and their combination with molecular-targeted therapies. The patient predictions demonstrate how this systems pharmacology model can be used to individualize immunotherapy treatments. When appropriately validated, these approaches may contribute to optimization of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleg Milberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Imke H. Bartelink
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD), MedImmune, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vicini
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bing Wang
- Amador Bioscience Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Rajesh Narwal
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK (CPD), MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lorin Roskos
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK (CPD), MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Cesar A. Santa-Maria
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li J, Rong MH, Dang YW, He RQ, Lin P, Yang H, Li XJ, Xiong DD, Zhang LJ, Qin H, Feng CX, Chen XY, Zhong JC, Ma J, Chen G. Differentially expressed gene profile and relevant pathways of the traditional Chinese medicine cinobufotalin on MCF‑7 breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4256-4270. [PMID: 30896874 PMCID: PMC6471831 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinobufotalin is a chemical compound extracted from the skin of dried bufo toads that may have curative potential for certain malignancies through different mechanisms; however, these mechanisms remain unexplored in breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor mechanism of cinobufotalin in breast cancer by using microarray data and in silico analysis. The microarray data set GSE85871, in which cinobufotalin exerted influences on the MCF‑7 breast cancer cells, was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Subsequently, protein interaction analysis was conducted, which clarified the clinical significance of core genes, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze cinobufotalin‑related pathways. The Connectivity Map (CMAP) database was used to select existing compounds that exhibited curative properties similar to those of cinobufotalin. A total of 1,237 DEGs were identified from breast cancer cells that were treated with cinobufotalin. Two core genes, SRC proto‑oncogene non‑receptor tyrosine kinase and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, were identified as serving a vital role in the onset and development of breast cancer, and their expression levels were markedly reduced following cinobufotalin treatment as detected by the microarray of GSE85871. It also was revealed that the 'neuroactive ligand‑receptor interaction' and 'calcium signaling' pathways may be crucial for cinobufotalin to perform its functions in breast cancer. Conducting a matching search in CMAP, miconazole and cinobufotalin were indicated to possessed similar molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, cinobufotalin may serve as an effective compound for the treatment of a subtype of breast cancer that is triple positive for the presence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor‑2 receptors, and its mechanism may be related to different pathways. In addition, cinobufotalin is likely to exert its antitumor influences in a similar way as miconazole in MCF‑7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530023, P.R. China
| | - Min-Hua Rong
- Research Department, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Ultrasonics Division of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Ultrasonics Division of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Li
- PET‑CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Ultrasonics Division of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qin
- Ultrasonics Division of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Cai Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Morales-Montor J. Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer and the Participation of Estrogen and Its Receptors in Cancer Physiopathology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 30881360 PMCID: PMC6407672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by cellular and molecular heterogeneity. Several molecular events are involved in controlling malignant cell process. In this sense, the importance of studying multiple cell alterations in this pathology is overriding. A well-identified fact on immune response is that it can vary depend on sex. Steroid hormones and their receptors may regulate different functions and the responses of several subpopulations of the immune system. Few reports are focused on the function of estrogen receptors (ERs) on immune cells and their roles in different breast cancer subtypes. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate the immune infiltrating tumor microenvironment and prognosis conferred by it in different breast cancer subtypes, discuss the current knowledge and point out the roles of estrogens and its receptors on the infiltrating immune cells, as well as to identify how different immune subsets are modulated after anti-hormonal treatments in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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43
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Chen S, Hsieh C. Chemoprevention by means of soy proteins and peptides – current status and future approaches: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐I Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30080 Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Chien Hsieh
- School of Life Science Programs of Nutrition Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 10610 Taiwan
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Subgrouping breast cancer patients based on immune evasion mechanisms unravels a high involvement of transforming growth factor-beta and decoy receptor 3. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207799. [PMID: 30513096 PMCID: PMC6279052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of immunotherapy and personalized medicine, there is an urgent need for advancing the knowledge of immune evasion in different cancer types and identifying reliable biomarkers that guide both therapy selection and patient inclusion in clinical trials. Given the differential immune responses and evasion mechanisms in breast cancer, we expect to identify different breast cancer groups based on their expression of immune-related genes. For that, we used the sequential biclustering method on The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq breast cancer data and identified 7 clusters. We found that 77.4% of the clustered tumor specimens evade through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) immunosuppression, 57.7% through decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) counterattack, 48.0% through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and 34.3% through programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). TGF-β and DcR3 are potential novel drug targets for breast cancer immunotherapy. Targeting TGF-β and DcR3 may provide a powerful approach for treating breast cancer because 57.7% of patients overexpressed these two molecules. Furthermore, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients clustered equally into two subgroups: one with impaired antigen presentation and another with high leukocyte recruitment but four different evasion mechanisms. Thus, different TNBC patients may be treated with different immunotherapy approaches. We identified biomarkers to cluster patients into subgroups based on immune evasion mechanisms and guide the choice of immunotherapy. These findings provide a better understanding of patients’ response to immunotherapies and shed light on the rational design of novel combination therapies.
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Safarzadeh E, Hashemzadeh S, Duijf PH, Mansoori B, Khaze V, Mohammadi A, Kazemi T, Yousefi M, Asadi M, Mohammadi H, Babaie F, Baradaran B. Circulating myeloid‐derived suppressor cells: An independent prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3515-3525. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
| | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- General and Vascular Surgery Department Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Pascal H.G. Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute Brisbane Australia
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Vahid Khaze
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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IDO expression in breast cancer: an assessment of 281 primary and metastatic cases with comparison to PD-L1. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1513-1522. [PMID: 29802358 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune inhibitory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been associated with immune evasion in numerous malignancies and may mark these cancers as susceptible to anti-IDO therapies. We herein address IDO expression in breast cancers, examine the relationship between IDO and PD-L1, and investigate IDO fidelity across breast cancer primaries and metastases. IDO and PD-L1 expression was assessed in tissue microarrays containing 242 invasive primary breast cancers, 20 nodal metastases, and 19 distant metastases. IDO and PD-L1 were scored by extent in the tumor cells and immune infiltrate. Tumor IDO staining was seen in 14% of primaries including 38% of triple-negative cancers. IDO immune cell staining was seen in 14% of primaries and 29% of triple-negative cancers. Tumoral IDO and PD-L1 co-expression was seen in 8% of primaries, including 70% of tumoral PD-L1-positive cases. Immune IDO and PD-L1 co-expression was identified in 14% of primaries, including 48% of immune PD-L1-positive cases. Tumoral and immune cell IDO was conserved in 94% of matched primary/metastasis. In summary, IDO expression is common among high-grade, triple-negative breast cancers and is frequently associated with PD-L1 co-expression, suggesting that IDO might be a mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy resistance and that dual therapy may be of utility. Tumoral and immune cell IDO expression shows fidelity between primary and metastatic sites in treatment-naïve cancers, arguing against IDO as an independent driver for metastatic spread. Clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of IDO inhibition relative to IDO expression, as well as its possible role in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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47
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Nanofluidic drug-eluting seed for sustained intratumoral immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2018; 285:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lund E, Rasmussen Busund LT, Thalabard JC. Rethinking the carcinogenesis of breast cancer: The theory of breast cancer as a child deficiency disease or a pseudo semi-allograft. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:76-80. [PMID: 30220347 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The theory of breast cancer as a child deficiency disease is an inversion of the current paradigm, which considers full-term pregnancies to be a protective factor and uses nulliparous women as the reference group. Instead, the theory of breast cancer as a child deficiency disease says that women with the highest parity (about 20, which is the limit of human fertility) are those with the lowest risk and should be used as the reference group in risk estimations. This theory is explained biologically by converting parity from the simple value of number of children into an understanding of the long-lasting biological and immunological effects of pregnancy. These effects can be reflected, as measured by functional genomics, in gene expression of the immune cells in the blood. Each pregnancy represents a unique fetus or semi-allograft, which provokes the creation and deposit of memory cell clones in the mother. Gene expression levels have been found to change linearly with number of full-term pregnancies in healthy women, but not in breast cancer patients. High hormone levels are necessary for a successful pregnancy, as they modulate the immune response from adaptive to innate in order to protect the fetus (considered as a semi-allograft) from rejection. At the end of the pregnancy, hormone levels drop, and the immune system recognizes the semi-allograft, but not in time for rejection to occur before birth. High hormones levels are also classified as carcinogens illustrating that carcinogenesis in the breast could be viewed as a war or balance between later exposures to hormonal carcinogens and the protection of the immune system. We propose that breast tumors are pseudo semi-allografts made up of transformed breast tissue cells. Assuming that the sensitivity to the exposure to increased levels of endogenous or exogenous hormones in women with breast cancer mimic those that occur in pregnancy, these breast tumor cells are protected against the body's immune reaction, just as the fetus is during pregnancy. However, with more pregnancies, the potential to eradicate the pseudo semi-allograft might increase due to enhanced immune surveillance. The theory of breast cancer as a child deficiency disease proposes that the protective effect of pregnancy on breast cancer incidence via the immune system is independent of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiliv Lund
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; The University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Cruickshank B, Giacomantonio M, Marcato P, McFarland S, Pol J, Gujar S. Dying to Be Noticed: Epigenetic Regulation of Immunogenic Cell Death for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:654. [PMID: 29666625 PMCID: PMC5891575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) activates both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system during apoptotic cancer cell death. With respect to cancer immunotherapy, the process of ICD elicits enhanced adjuvanticity and antigenicity from dying cancer cells and consequently, promotes the development of clinically desired antitumor immunity. Cancer ICD requires the presentation of various "hallmarks" of immunomodulation, which include the cell-surface translocation of calreticulin, production of type I interferons, and release of high-mobility group box-1 and ATP, which through their compatible actions induce an immune response against cancer cells. Interestingly, recent reports investigating the use of epigenetic modifying drugs as anticancer therapeutics have identified several connections to ICD hallmarks. Epigenetic modifiers have a direct effect on cell viability and appear to fundamentally change the immunogenic properties of cancer cells, by actively subverting tumor microenvironment-associated immunoevasion and aiding in the development of an antitumor immune response. In this review, we critically discuss the current evidence that identifies direct links between epigenetic modifications and ICD hallmarks, and put forward an otherwise poorly understood role for epigenetic drugs as ICD inducers. We further discuss potential therapeutic innovations that aim to induce ICD during epigenetic drug therapy, generating highly efficacious cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sherri McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Services Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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HLA-G peptide preferences change in transformed cells: impact on the binding motif. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:485-494. [PMID: 29602958 PMCID: PMC6061458 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G is known for its strictly restricted tissue distribution. HLA-G expression could be detected in immune privileged organs and many tumor entities such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This functional variability from mediation of immune tolerance to facilitation of tumor immune evasion strategies might translate to a differential NK cell inhibition between immune-privileged organs and tumor cells. The biophysical invariability of the HLA-G heavy chain and its contrary diversity in immunity implicates a strong influence of the bound peptides on the pHLA-G structure. The aim was to determine if HLA-G displays a tissue-specific peptide repertoire. Therefore, using soluble sHLA-G technology, we analyzed the K562 and HDLM-2 peptide repertoires. Although both cell lines possess a comparable proteome and recruit HLA-G-restricted peptides through the same peptide-loading pathway, the peptide features appear to be cell specific. HDLM-2 derived HLA-G peptides are anchored by an Arg at p1 and K562-derived peptides are anchored by a Lys. At p2, no anchor motif could be determined while peptides were anchored at pΩ with a Leu and showed an auxiliary anchor motif Pro at p3. To appreciate if the peptide anchor alterations are due to a cell-specific differential peptidome, we performed analysis of peptide availability within the different cell types. Yet, the comparison of the cell-specific proteome and HLA-G-restricted ligandome clearly demonstrates a tissue-specific peptide selection by HLA-G molecules. This exclusive and unexpected observation suggests an exquisite immune function of HLA-G.
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