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Garcia NA, Gonzalez-King H, Mellergaard M, Nair S, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive strategy for identifying extracellular vesicle surface proteins as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328362. [PMID: 38379702 PMCID: PMC10877036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health burden worldwide. Especially, obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (OCKD) is associated with a lack of accuracy in disease diagnostic methods. The identification of reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD and OCKD is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in the context of CKD. In this review, we focused on the role of EVs as potential biomarkers in CKD and OCKD and developed a comprehensive list of EV membrane proteins that could aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. To assemble our list, we employed a multi-step strategy. Initially, we conducted a thorough review of the literature on EV protein biomarkers in kidney diseases. Additionally, we explored papers investigating circulating proteins as biomarkers in kidney diseases. To further refine our list, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to evaluate the qualifications of each identified protein. Furthermore, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to assess the localization of these candidates, with a particular focus on membrane proteins. By integrating the information from the reviewed literature, Vesiclepedia.org, and the Human Protein Atlas, we compiled a comprehensive list of potential EV membrane protein biomarkers for CKD and OCKD. Overall, our review underscores the potential of EVs as biomarkers in the field of CKD research, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at improving CKD and OCKD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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2
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Kumari L, Mishra L, Sharma Y, Chahar K, Kumar M, Patel P, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD. NOTCH Signaling Pathway: Occurrence, Mechanism, and NOTCH-Directed Therapy for the Management of Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:19-34. [PMID: 37797218 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well understood that many signaling pathways are vital in carrying out and controlling essential pro-survival and pro-growth cellular functions. The NOTCH signaling pathway, a highly conserved evolutionary signaling pathway, has been thoroughly studied since the discovery of NOTCH phenotypes about 100 years ago in Drosophila melanogaster. Abnormal NOTCH signaling has been linked to the pathophysiology of several diseases, notably cancer. In tumorigenesis, NOTCH plays the role of a "double-edged sword," that is, it may act as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene depending on the nature of the context. However, its involvement in several cancers and inhibition of the same provides targeted therapy for the management of cancer. The use of gamma (γ)-secretase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment involved NOTCH receptors inhibition, leading to the possibility of a targeted approach for cancer treatment. Likewise, several natural compounds, including curcumin, resveratrol, diallyl sulfide, and genistein, also play a dynamic role in the management of cancer by inhibition of NOTCH receptors. This review outlines the functions and structure of NOTCH receptors and their associated ligands with the mechanism of the signaling pathway. In addition, it also emphasizes the role of NOTCH-targeted nanomedicine in various cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | | | - Yash Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Kanak Chahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Mritunjay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | | | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, India
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3
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Leung AM, Rao MB, Raju N, Chung M, Klinger A, Rowe DJ, Li X, Levine EM. A framework to identify functional interactors that contribute to disrupted early retinal development in Vsx2 ocular retardation J mice. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1338-1362. [PMID: 37259952 PMCID: PMC10689574 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A goal of developmental genetics is to identify functional interactions that underlie phenotypes caused by mutations. We sought to identify functional interactors of Vsx2, which when mutated, disrupts early retinal development. We utilized the Vsx2 loss-of-function mouse, ocular retardation J (orJ), to assess interactions based on principles of positive and negative epistasis as applied to bulk transcriptome data. This was first tested in vivo with Mitf, a target of Vsx2 repression, and then to cultures of orJ retina treated with inhibitors of Retinoid-X Receptors (RXR) to target Rxrg, an up-regulated gene in the orJ retina, and gamma-Secretase, an enzyme required for Notch signaling, a key mediator of retinal proliferation and neurogenesis. RESULTS Whereas Mitf exhibited robust positive epistasis with Vsx2, it only partially accounts for the orJ phenotype, suggesting other functional interactors. RXR inhibition yielded minimal evidence for epistasis between Vsx2 and Rxrg. In contrast, gamma-Secretase inhibition caused hundreds of Vsx2-dependent genes associated with proliferation to deviate further from wild-type, providing evidence for convergent negative epistasis with Vsx2 in regulating tissue growth. CONCLUSIONS Combining in vivo and ex vivo testing with transcriptome analysis revealed quantitative and qualitative characteristics of functional interaction between Vsx2, Mitf, RXR, and gamma-Secretase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Leung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Mahesh B. Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Nathan Raju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Minh Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Allison Klinger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - DiAnna J. Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Edward M. Levine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville TN 37232
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
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4
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. NOTCH signalling - a core regulator of bile duct disease? Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050231. [PMID: 37605966 PMCID: PMC10461466 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, fate determination and maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations across tissues. Although it was originally identified as a critical regulator of embryonic liver development, NOTCH signalling activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of paediatric and adult liver diseases. It remains unclear, however, what role NOTCH actually plays in these pathophysiological processes and whether NOTCH activity represents the reactivation of a conserved developmental programme that is essential for adult tissue repair. In this Review, we explore the concepts that NOTCH signalling reactivation in the biliary epithelium is a reiterative and essential response to bile duct damage and that, in disease contexts in which biliary epithelial cells need to be regenerated, NOTCH signalling supports ductular regrowth. Furthermore, we evaluate the recent literature on NOTCH signalling as a critical factor in progenitor-mediated hepatocyte regeneration, which indicates that the mitogenic role for NOTCH signalling in biliary epithelial cell proliferation has also been co-opted to support other forms of epithelial regeneration in the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- CRUK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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5
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Kempfle JS, Jung DH. Experimental drugs for the prevention or treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:643-654. [PMID: 37598357 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2242253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensorineural hearing loss results in irreversible loss of inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Reduced sound detection and speech discrimination can span all ages, and sensorineural hearing rehabilitation is limited to amplification with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Recent insights into experimental drug treatments for inner ear regeneration and otoprotection have paved the way for clinical trials in order to restore a more physiological hearing experience. Paired with the development of innovative minimally invasive approaches for drug delivery to the inner ear, new, emerging treatments for hearing protection and restoration are within reach. AREAS COVERED This expert opinion provides an overview of the latest experimental drug therapies to protect from and to restore sensorineural hearing loss. EXPERT OPINION The degree and type of cellular damage to the cochlea, the responsiveness of remaining, endogenous cells to regenerative treatments, and the duration of drug availability within cochlear fluids will determine the success of hearing protection or restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Kempfle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David H Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhou H, Liu H, Yu Y, Yuan X, Xiao L. Informatics on Drug Repurposing for Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1933-1943. [PMID: 37405253 PMCID: PMC10315146 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s417563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Moving a new drug from bench to bedside is a long and arduous process. The tactic of drug repurposing, which solves "new" diseases with "old" existing drugs, is more efficient and economical than conventional ab-initio way for drug development. Information technology has dramatically changed the paradigm of biomedical research in the new century, and drug repurposing studies have been significantly accelerated by implementing informatics techniques related to genomics, systems biology and biophysics during the past few years. A series of remarkable achievements in this field comes with the practical applications of in silico approaches including transcriptomic signature matching, gene-connection-based scanning, and simulated structure docking in repositioning drug therapies against breast cancer. In this review, we systematically curated these impressive accomplishments with summarization of the main findings on potentially repurposable drugs, and provide our insights into the current issues as well as future directions of the field. With the prospective improvement in reliability, the computer-assisted repurposing strategy will play a more critical role in drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changsha Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changsha Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changsha Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Sen P, Ghosh SS. The Intricate Notch Signaling Dynamics in Therapeutic Realms of Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:651-670. [PMID: 37200816 PMCID: PMC10186364 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is remarkably simple without the interventions of secondary messengers. It possesses a unique receptor-ligand interaction that imparts signaling upon cleavage of the receptor followed by the nuclear localization of its cleaved intracellular domain. It is found that the transcriptional regulator of the Notch pathway lies at the intersection of multiple signaling pathways that enhance the aggressiveness of cancer. The preclinical and clinical evidence supports the pro-oncogenic function of Notch signaling in various tumor subtypes. Owing to its oncogenic role, the Notch signaling pathway assists in enhanced tumorigenesis by facilitating angiogenesis, drug resistance, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, etc., which is also attributed to the poor outcome in patients. Therefore, it is extremely vital to discover a suitable inhibitor to downregulate the signal-transducing ability of Notch. The Notch inhibitory agents, such as receptor decoys, protease (ADAM and γ-secretase) inhibitors, and monoclonal/bispecific antibodies, are being investigated as candidate therapeutic agents. Studies conducted by our group exemplify the promising results in ablating tumorigenic aggressiveness by inhibiting the constituents of the Notch pathway. This review deals with the detailed mechanism of the Notch pathways and their implications in various malignancies. It also bestows us with the recent therapeutic advances concerning Notch signaling in the context of monotherapy and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plaboni Sen
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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8
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Varatanovic S, Maier T, Al-Gboore S, Stoiber S, Kandathil SA, Quint C, Brennus C, Heiduschka G, Kadletz-Wanke L, Brkic FF. In vitro effects of gamma-secretase inhibition in HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:193-201. [PMID: 36809443 PMCID: PMC10140088 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New chemotherapy agents are warranted for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly for incidence-rising HPV-positive tumors. Based on the evidence of Notch pathway involvement in cancer promotion and progression, we aimed to gain insights into the in vitro antineoplastic effects of gamma-secretase inhibition in HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC models. METHODS All in vitro experiments were conducted in two HPV-negative (Cal27 and FaDu) and one HPV-associated HNSCC cell line (SCC154). The influence of the gamma-secretase inhibitor PF03084014 (PF) on proliferation, migration, colony forming, and apoptosis was assessed. RESULTS We observed significant anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-clonogenic, and pro-apoptotic effects in all three HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, synergistic effects with concomitant radiation were observable in the proliferation assay. Interestingly, effects were slightly more potent in the HPV-positive cells. CONCLUSION We provided novel insights into the potential therapeutic relevance of gamma-secretase inhibition in HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Therefore, PF may become a viable treatment option for patients with HNSCC, particularly for patients with HPV-induced malignancy. Indeed, further in vitro and in vivo experiments should be conducted to validate our results and decipher the mechanism behind the observed anti-neoplastic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Varatanovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Maier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sega Al-Gboore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stoiber
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sam Augustine Kandathil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Quint
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Brennus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz-Wanke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faris F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Nikoloff J, Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Dittrich PS. Microfluidic Platform for Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles from Single Breast Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1933-1939. [PMID: 36608325 PMCID: PMC9878503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as valuable biomarkers to discriminate healthy from diseased cells such as cancer. Passing cytosolic and plasma membranes before their release, EVs inherit the biochemical properties of the cell. Here, we determine protein profiles of single EVs to understand how much they represent their cell of origin. We use a microfluidic platform which allows to immobilize EVs from completely isolated single cells, reducing heterogeneity of EVs as strongly seen in cell populations. After immunostaining, we employ four-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to enumerate EVs and determine their biochemical fingerprint encoded in membranous or cytosolic proteins. Analyzing single cells derived from pleural effusions of two different human adenocarcinoma as well as from human embryonic kidney (SkBr3, MCF-7 and HEK293, respectively), we observed that a single cell secretes enough EVs to extract the respective tissue fingerprint. We show that overexpressed integral plasma membrane proteins are also found in EV membranes, which together with populations of colocalized proteins, provide a cell-specific, characteristic pattern. Our method highlights the potential of EVs as a diagnostic marker and can be directly employed for fundamental studies of EV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas
M. Nikoloff
- Department of Biosystems
Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems
Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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D’Amico M, De Amicis F. Aberrant Notch signaling in gliomas: a potential landscape of actionable converging targets for combination approach in therapies resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:939-953. [PMID: 36627893 PMCID: PMC9771760 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current therapeutic protocols and prognosis of gliomas still depend on clinicopathologic and radiographic characteristics. For high-grade gliomas, the standard of care is resection followed by radiotherapy plus temozolomide chemotherapy. However, treatment resistance develops due to different mechanisms, among which is the dynamic interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment. Different signaling pathways cause the proliferation of so-called glioma stem cells, a minor cancer cell population with stem cell-like characteristics and aggressive phenotype. In the last decades, numerous studies have indicated that Notch is a crucial pathway that maintains the characteristics of resistant glioma stem cells. Data obtained from preclinical models indicate that downregulation of the Notch pathway could induce multifaceted drug sensitivity, acting on the expression of drug-transporter proteins, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and shaping the tumor microenvironment. This review provides a brief overview of the published data supporting the roles of Notch in drug resistance and demonstrates how potential novel strategies targeting Notch could become an efficacious action to improve the therapy of high-grade glioma to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Amico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy.,Health Center, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy.,Correspondence to: Prof. Francesca De Amicis, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy. E-mail:
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11
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Mao XD, Wei X, Xu T, Li TP, Liu KS. Research progress in breast cancer stem cells: characterization and future perspectives. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3208-3222. [PMID: 35968346 PMCID: PMC9360222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more studies have proved that there are a small number of cells with self-renewal and differentiation ability in breast tumors, namely breast cancer stem cells. Such cells play a key role in the initiation, development and migration of breast tumors. The properties of breast tumor stem cells are regulated by a range of intracellular and extracellular factors, including important signaling pathways, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and cytokines such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, microRNA93, microRNA100, and IL-6. Tumor microenvironment (such as mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages and cytokines) plays an important role in the regulation of breast tumor stem cells. Using the keywords including "breast cancer stem cells", "signal pathway", "chemotherapy tolerance", and "non-coding RNA", "triple negative breast cancer", "inhibitors", this study retrieved the original articles and reviews published before October 3, 2021, from PubMed and WEB OF SCI database and this study performed a comprehensive review of them. After treatment, there is a correlation between the metastasis-prone nature and recurrence with breast cancer stem cells. The signaling pathway of breast cancer stem cells plays a significant role in activating the function of breast cancer cells, regulating the differentiation of breast cancer cells and controlling the division of breast cancer cells. This imbalance leads to the uncontrolled growth and development of breast cancer cells. Targeted therapy that blocks the corresponding pathway may become a new perspective for breast cancer treatment. In addition, corresponding therapeutic strategies can be used according to the expression characteristics of different molecular types of breast cancer stem cells. For ER-positive breast cancer, simultaneous endocrine therapy and targeted therapy of tumor stem cells may improve the efficacy of endocrine therapy. Trastuzumab therapy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence of HER2-positive breast cancer. For drug-resistant patients, combination therapy is required due to the different phenotypes of epithelial-mesenchymal transforming tumor stem cells. This study briefly reviews the research progress of breast cancer stem cell-related signaling pathways and their inhibitors, in order to provide a reference for breast cancer patients to obtain more effective clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Global Health InstituteXi’an 710049, Shanxi, China
| | - Tai-Ping Li
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang-Sheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells to Overcome Chemoresistance: An Overview of Current Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061308. [PMID: 35740330 PMCID: PMC9220281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard approach in GBM is surgery, followed by treatment with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ); however, GBM is highly resistant to current therapies, and the standard of care has not been revised over the last two decades, indicating an unmet need for new therapies. GBM stem cells (GSCs) are a major cause of chemoresistance due to their ability to confer heterogeneity and tumorigenic capacity. To improve patient outcomes and survival, it is necessary to understand the properties and mechanisms underlying GSC chemoresistance. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on various resistance mechanisms of GBM to therapeutic agents, with a special focus on TMZ, and summarize the recent findings on the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of chemoresistance in GSCs. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies, including molecular targeting, autophagy inhibition, oncolytic viral therapy, drug repositioning, and targeting of GSC niches, to eliminate GSCs, from basic research findings to ongoing clinical trials. Although the development of effective therapies for GBM is still challenging, this review provides a better understanding of GSCs and offers future directions for successful GBM therapy.
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13
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Shaikh S, Shaikh J, Naba YS, Doke K, Ahmed K, Yusufi M. Curcumin: reclaiming the lost ground against cancer resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:298-320. [PMID: 35582033 PMCID: PMC9019276 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol, has a wide range of biological properties such as anticancer, antibacterial, antitubercular, cardioprotective and neuroprotective. Moreover, the anti-proliferative activities of Curcumin have been widely studied against several types of cancers due to its ability to target multiple pathways in cancer. Although Curcumin exhibited potent anticancer activity, its clinical use is limited due to its poor water solubility and faster metabolism. Hence, there is an immense interest among researchers to develop potent, water-soluble, and metabolically stable Curcumin analogs for cancer treatment. While drug resistance remains a major problem in cancer therapy that renders current chemotherapy ineffective, curcumin has shown promise to overcome the resistance and re-sensitize cancer to chemotherapeutic drugs in many studies. In the present review, we are summarizing the role of curcumin in controlling the proliferation of drug-resistant cancers and development of curcumin-based therapeutic applications from cell culture studies up to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Shaikh
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Javed Shaikh
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Yusufi Sadia Naba
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India
| | - Kailas Doke
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Khursheed Ahmed
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Mujahid Yusufi
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
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14
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Pagnotti GM, Trivedi T, Mohammad KS. Translational Strategies to Target Metastatic Bone Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081309. [PMID: 35455987 PMCID: PMC9030480 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease is a common and devastating complication to cancer, confounding treatments and recovery efforts and presenting a significant barrier to de-escalating the adverse outcomes associated with disease progression. Despite significant advances in the field, bone metastases remain presently incurable and contribute heavily to cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms associated with metastatic bone disease perpetuation and paralleled disruption of bone remodeling are highlighted to convey how they provide the foundation for therapeutic targets to stem disease escalation. The focus of this review aims to describe the preclinical modeling and diagnostic evaluation of metastatic bone disease as well as discuss the range of therapeutic modalities used clinically and how they may impact skeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Pagnotti
- Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.M.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Trupti Trivedi
- Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.M.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Khalid S. Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy and Genetics, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-546-810-335
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15
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Madduma Hewage S, Au-Yeung KKW, Prashar S, Wijerathne CUB, O K, Siow YL. Lingonberry Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Notch1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030472. [PMID: 35326122 PMCID: PMC8944850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has no effective treatment option. Recently, Notch signaling has been identified as an important mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is an anthocyanin-rich fruit with significant lipid-lowering properties. In this study, we examined how lingonberry influenced Notch signaling and fatty acid metabolism in a mouse model of NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6J) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed fatty liver and activated hepatic Notch1 signaling. Lingonberry supplementation inhibited hepatic Notch1 signaling and improved lipid profile by improving the expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. The results were verified using a palmitic-acid-challenged cell model. Similar to the animal data, palmitic acid impaired cellular lipid metabolism and induced Notch1 in HepG2 cells. Lingonberry extract or cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuated Notch1 signaling and decreased intracellular triglyceride accumulation. The inhibition of Notch in the hepatocytes attenuated sterol-regulatory-element-binding-transcription-factor-1 (SREBP-1c)-mediated lipogenesis and increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I-alpha (CPTIα) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1). Taken together, lingonberry’s hepatoprotective effect is mediated by, in part, improving hepatic lipid metabolism via inhibiting Notch1 signaling in HFD-induced fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susara Madduma Hewage
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Suvira Prashar
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Charith U. B. Wijerathne
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.O.); or (Y.L.S.)
| | - Yaw L. Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.O.); or (Y.L.S.)
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16
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Kumari M, Krishnamurthy PT, Pinduprolu SKSS, Sola P. DR-5 and DLL-4 mAb Functionalized SLNs of Gamma-Secretase Inhibitors- An Approach for TNBC Treatment. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:618-623. [PMID: 34888208 PMCID: PMC8642801 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and heterogeneous cancer subtypes. High rates of metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance are the major problems associated with TNBC. The current chemotherapeutics eliminate only the bulk tumor cells (non-BCSCs) and do not affect breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The BCSCs which are left behind after chemotherapy is reported to promote recurrence and metastasis of TNBC. Death receptor-5 (DR-5) is exclusively expressed in TNBCs and mediates the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. DR-5, therefore, can be exploited for targeted drug delivery and to induce apoptosis. Gamma-secretase mediated Notch signaling in BCSCs regulates its proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. The endogenous ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), is reported to activate this Notch signaling in TNBC. Blocking this signaling pathway using both gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and DLL4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) may produce synergistic benefits. Further, the GSIs (DAPT, LY-411575, RO4929097, MK0752, etc.) suffer from poor bioavailability and off-target side effects such as diarrhea, suppression of lymphopoiesis, headache, hypertension, fatigue, and ventricular dysfunctions. In this hypothesis, we discuss Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) based drug delivery systems containing GSIs and surface modified with DR-5 and DLL4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to effectivity target and treat TNBC. The delivery system is designed to deliver the drug cargo precisely to TNBCs through its DR-5 receptors and hence expected to reduce the off-target side effects of GSIs. Further, DLL4 mAb and GSIs are expected to act synergistically to block the Notch signal mediated BCSCs proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen T Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Kiran S S Pinduprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Piyongsola Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Bonnet C, González S, Roberts JS, Robertson SYT, Ruiz M, Zheng J, Deng SX. Human limbal epithelial stem cell regulation, bioengineering and function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100956. [PMID: 33676006 PMCID: PMC8428188 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously renewed by limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs), a cell population harbored in a highly regulated niche located at the limbus. Dysfunction and/or loss of LSCs and their niche cause limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a disease that is marked by invasion of conjunctival epithelium into the cornea and results in failure of epithelial wound healing. Corneal opacity, pain, loss of vision, and blindness are the consequences of LSCD. Successful treatment of LSCD depends on accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease and requires restoration of functional LSCs and their niche. This review highlights the major advances in the identification of potential LSC biomarkers and components of the LSC niche, understanding of LSC regulation, methods and regulatory standards in bioengineering of LSCs, and diagnosis and staging of LSCD. Overall, this review presents key points for researchers and clinicians alike to consider in deepening the understanding of LSC biology and improving LSCD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Y T Robertson
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Basic Science Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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18
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Toward a Personalized Therapy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102359. [PMID: 34068344 PMCID: PMC8153286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare tumors characterized by pathogenetic, morphological, and clinical intrinsic variability. Median survival of patients with advanced tumors are usually chemo- and radio-resistant, and standard treatments yield low response rates and poor survival results. The identification of defined genomic alterations in sarcoma could represent the premise for targeted treatments. Summarizing, soft-tissue sarcomas can be differentiated into histotypes with reciprocal chromosomal translocations, with defined oncogenic mutations and complex karyotypes. If the latter are improbably approached with targeted treatments, many suggest that innovative therapies interfering with the identified fusion oncoproteins and altered pathways could be potentially resolutive. In most cases, the characteristic genetic signature is discouragingly defined as "undruggable", which poses a challenge for the development of novel pharmacological approaches. In this review, a summary of genomic alterations recognized in most common soft-tissue sarcoma is reported together with current and future therapeutic opportunities.
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19
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Tseng WC, Johnson Escauriza AJ, Tsai-Morris CH, Feldman B, Dale RK, Wassif CA, Porter FD. The role of Niemann-Pick type C2 in zebrafish embryonic development. Development 2021; 148:dev194258. [PMID: 33722902 PMCID: PMC8077516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative lysosomal disease caused by mutations of either NPC1 or NPC2. NPC2 is a soluble lysosomal protein that functions in coordination with NPC1 to efflux cholesterol from the lysosomal compartment. Mutations of either gene result in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids in the late endosome/lysosome, and reduction of cellular cholesterol bioavailability. Zygotic null npc2m/m zebrafish showed significant unesterified cholesterol accumulation at larval stages, a reduction in body size, and motor and balance defects in adulthood. However, the phenotype at embryonic stages was milder than expected, suggesting a possible role of maternal Npc2 in embryonic development. Maternal-zygotic npc2m/m zebrafish exhibited significant developmental defects, including defective otic vesicle development/absent otoliths, abnormal head/brain development, curved/twisted body axes and no circulating blood cells, and died by 72 hpf. RNA-seq analysis conducted on 30 hpf npc2+/m and MZnpc2m/m embryos revealed a significant reduction in the expression of notch3 and other downstream genes in the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that impaired Notch3 signaling underlies aspects of the developmental defects observed in MZnpc2m/m zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Tseng
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana J. Johnson Escauriza
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chon-Hwa Tsai-Morris
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Feldman
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan K. Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Franco ML, García-Carpio I, Comaposada-Baró R, Escribano-Saiz JJ, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, Vilar M. TrkA-mediated endocytosis of p75-CTF prevents cholinergic neuron death upon γ-secretase inhibition. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/4/e202000844. [PMID: 33536237 PMCID: PMC7898468 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The findings shed light into the adverse effects of GSIs observed in the Alzheimer’s field and explain, at least in part, the unexpected worsening in cognition observed in the semagacestat Phase 3 trial. γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) were developed to reduce the generation of Aβ peptide to find new Alzheimer’s disease treatments. Clinical trials on Alzheimer’s disease patients, however, showed several side effects that worsened the cognitive symptoms of the treated patients. The observed side effects were partially attributed to Notch signaling. However, the effect on other γ-secretase substrates, such as the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has not been studied in detail. p75NTR is highly expressed in the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) during all life. Here, we show that GSI treatment induces the oligomerization of p75CTF leading to the cell death of BFCNs, and that this event is dependent on TrkA activity. The oligomerization of p75CTF requires an intact cholesterol recognition sequence (CRAC) and the constitutive binding of TRAF6, which activates the JNK and p38 pathways. Remarkably, TrkA rescues from cell death by a mechanism involving the endocytosis of p75CTF. These results suggest that the inhibition of γ-secretase activity in aged patients, where the expression of TrkA in the BFCNs is already reduced, could accelerate cholinergic dysfunction and promote neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Franco
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Irmina García-Carpio
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Raquel Comaposada-Baró
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Juan J Escribano-Saiz
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Katholieke Universiteit (VIB-KU) Leuven Center for Brain and Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
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21
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Jonckheere S, Adams J, De Groote D, Campbell K, Berx G, Goossens S. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as a Therapeutic Target. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:157-182. [PMID: 33401271 DOI: 10.1159/000512218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumour to distant sites and organs throughout the body. It is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and is estimated to account for 90% of cancer-related deaths. During the initial steps of the metastatic cascade, epithelial cancer cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and as a result become migratory and invasive mesenchymal-like cells while acquiring cancer stem cell properties and therapy resistance. As EMT is involved in such a broad range of processes associated with malignant transformation, it has become an increasingly interesting target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Anti-EMT therapeutic strategies could potentially not only prevent the invasion and dissemination of cancer cells, and as such prevent the formation of metastatic lesions, but also attenuate cancer stemness and increase the effectiveness of more classical chemotherapeutics. In this review, we give an overview about the pros and cons of therapies targeting EMT and discuss some already existing candidate drug targets and high-throughput screening tools to identify novel anti-EMT compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Jonckheere
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Adams
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic De Groote
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kyra Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, .,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,
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22
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Han Q, Han F, Fan Y, Lian B, Xiao J, Sun W, Han D, Kou H, Li C, Wu B. Notch3 is involved in the proliferation of renal cancer cells via regulation of cell cycle progression and HIF-2α. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 33154777 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. Although deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway is common in RCC and is involved in the tumorigenic process, the exact role of Notch3 and its underlying molecular mechanism in RCC, particularly in hypoxia, remain unknown. In the present study, RO4929097, a Notch3 inhibitor, was used to alter NICD3 expression. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, EdU incorporation assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to investigate the effects of altered NICD3 expression on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and HIF-2α protein expression. The results of western blot analysis showed that RO4929097 dose-dependently decreased the expression of Notch3 intracellular domain (NICD3) in 786-O and ACHN cells, which originate from clear cell RCC (ccRCC). The results of the Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU incorporation and colony formation assays demonstrated that downregulation of NICD3 significantly suppressed cell proliferation in both normoxia and hypoxia. In addition, flow cytometry and western blot analysis demonstrated that hypoxia (2% O2) promoted cell cycle progression in ccRCC cells with the increased expression of G1-S transition-associated proteins, namely cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and cyclin D1, while downregulation of NICD3 exerted negative effects on cell cycle progression, and the expression levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that 2% O2-induced upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) expression decreased following downregulation of NICD3 in 786-O and ACHN cells. Following transfection of the vector containing the NICD3 coding sequence, HIF-2α, CDK4, cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, that were inhibited by RO4929097 in hypoxia, were rescued. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that Notch3 is closely associated with the cell proliferation of ccRCC cells by regulating the cell cycle and HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Han
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhu Han
- Center of Science Experiments, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Fan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Lian
- Center of Science Experiments, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jinyang Xiao
- Center of Science Experiments, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dongbing Han
- Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Kou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Center of Science Experiments, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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23
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A computational guided, functional validation of a novel therapeutic antibody proposes Notch signaling as a clinical relevant and druggable target in glioma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16218. [PMID: 33004830 PMCID: PMC7531005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling network determines stemness in various tissues and targeting signaling activity in malignant brain cancers by gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI) has shown promising preclinical success. However, the clinical translation remains challenging due to severe toxicity side effects and emergence of therapy resistance. Better anti-Notch directed therapies, specifically directed against the tumor promoting Notch receptor 1 signaling framework, and biomarkers predicting response to such therapy are of highest clinical need. We assessed multiple patient datasets to probe the clinical relevance Notch1 activation and possible differential distribution amongst molecular subtypes in brain cancers. We functionally assessed the biological effects of the first-in-human tested blocking antibody against Notch1 receptor (brontictuzumab, BRON) in a collection of glioma stem-like cell (GSC) models and compared its effects to genetic Notch1 inhibition as well as classical pharmacological Notch inhibitor treatment using gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK003. We also assess effects on Wingless (WNT) stem cell signaling activation, which includes the interrogation of genetic WNT inhibition models. Our computed transcriptional Notch pathway activation score is upregulated in neural stem cells, as compared to astrocytes; as well as in GSCs, as compared to differentiated glioblastoma cells. Moreover, the Notch signature is clinical predictive in our glioblastoma patient discovery and validation cohort. Notch signature is significantly increased in tumors with mutant IDH1 genome and tumors without 1p and 19q co-deletion. In GSCs with elevated Notch1 expression, BRON treatment blocks transcription of Notch pathway target genes Hes1/Hey1, significantly reduced the amount of cleaved Notch1 receptor protein and caused significantly impairment of cellular invasion. Benchmarking this phenotype to those observed with genetic Notch1 inhibition in corresponding cell models did result in higher reduction of cell invasion under chemotherapy. BRON treatment caused signs of upregulation of Wingless (WNT) stem cell signaling activity, and vice versa, blockage of WNT signaling caused induction of Notch target gene expression in our models. We extend the list of evidences that elevated Notch signal expression is a biomarker signature declaring stem cell prevalence and useful for predicting negative clinical course in glioblastoma. By using functional assays, we validated a first in man tested Notch1 receptor specific antibody as a promising drug candidate in the context of neuro oncology and propose biomarker panel to predict resistance and therapy success of this treatment option. We note that the observed phenotype seems only in part due to Notch1 blockage and the drug candidate leads to activation of off target signals. Further studies addressing a possible emergence of therapy resistance due to WNT activation need to be conducted. We further validated our 3D disease modeling technology to be of benefit for drug development projects.
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BeLow M, Osipo C. Notch Signaling in Breast Cancer: A Role in Drug Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102204. [PMID: 33003540 PMCID: PMC7601482 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided into unique molecular subtypes based on protein expression of the Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and/or the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2. Therapeutic approaches are designed to inhibit these overexpressed receptors either by endocrine therapy, targeted therapies, or combinations with cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, a significant percentage of breast cancers are inherently resistant or acquire resistance to therapies, and mechanisms that promote resistance remain poorly understood. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that regulates cell fate, including survival and self-renewal of stem cells, proliferation, or differentiation. Deregulation of Notch signaling promotes resistance to targeted or cytotoxic therapies by enriching of a small population of resistant cells, referred to as breast cancer stem cells, within the bulk tumor; enhancing stem-like features during the process of de-differentiation of tumor cells; or promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting the Notch pathway can prevent or reverse resistance through reduction or elimination of breast cancer stem cells. However, Notch inhibitors have yet to be clinically approved for the treatment of breast cancer, mainly due to dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of Notch-mediated resistance in breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells, and various methods of targeting Notch through γ-secretase inhibitors, Notch signaling biologics, or transcriptional inhibitors. We also discuss future plans for identification of novel Notch-targeted therapies, in order to reduce toxicity and improve outcomes for women with resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna BeLow
- Integrated Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA;
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Integrated Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-708-327-2372
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25
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Brandt S, Ballhause TM, Bernhardt A, Becker A, Salaru D, Le-Deffge HM, Fehr A, Fu Y, Philipsen L, Djudjaj S, Müller AJ, Kramann R, Ibrahim M, Geffers R, Siebel C, Isermann B, Heidel FH, Lindquist JA, Mertens PR. Fibrosis and Immune Cell Infiltration Are Separate Events Regulated by Cell-Specific Receptor Notch3 Expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2589-2608. [PMID: 32859670 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney injuries that result in chronic inflammation initiate crosstalk between stressed resident cells and infiltrating immune cells. In animal models, whole-body receptor Notch3 deficiency protects from leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. However, the relative contribution of Notch3 expression in tissue versus infiltrating immune cells is unknown. METHODS Chimeric mice deficient for Notch3 in hematopoietic cells and/or resident tissue cells were generated, and kidney fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were analyzed. Adoptive transfer of labeled bone marrow-derived cells validated the results in a murine Leishmania ear infection model. In vitro adhesion assays, integrin activation, and extracellular matrix production were analyzed. RESULTS Fibrosis follows UUO, but inflammatory cell infiltration mostly depends upon Notch3 expression in hematopoietic cells, which coincides with an enhanced proinflammatory milieu (e.g., CCL2 and CCL5 upregulation). Notch3 expression on CD45+ leukocytes plays a prominent role in efficient cell transmigration. Functionally, leukocyte adhesion and integrin activation are abrogated in the absence of receptor Notch3. Chimeric animal models also reveal that tubulointerstitial fibrosis develops, even in the absence of prominent leukocyte infiltrates after ureteral obstruction. Deleting Notch3 receptors on resident cells blunts kidney fibrosis, ablates NF-κB signaling, and lessens matrix deposition. CONCLUSIONS Cell-specific receptor Notch3 signaling independently orchestrates leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. Interference with Notch3 signaling may present a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory as well as fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Ballhause
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bernhardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Becker
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Delia Salaru
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hien Minh Le-Deffge
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Fehr
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yan Fu
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Intravital Microscopy of Infection and Immunity Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Chris Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Berend Isermann
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich Schiller University Medical Center, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Febrile temperature change modulates CD4 T cell differentiation via a TRPV channel-regulated Notch-dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22357-22366. [PMID: 32839313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922683117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fever is a conserved and prominent response to infection. Yet, the issue of how CD4 T cell responses are modulated if they occur at fever temperatures remains poorly addressed. We have examined the priming of naive CD4 T cells in vitro at fever temperatures, and we report notable fever-mediated modulation of their cytokine commitment. When naive CD4 T cells were primed by plate-bound anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies at moderate fever temperature (39 °C), they enhanced commitment to IL4/5/13 (Th2) and away from IFNg (Th1). This was accompanied by up-regulation of the Th2-relevant transcription factor GATA3 and reduction in the Th1-relevant transcription factor Tbet. Fever sensing by CD4 T cells involved transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channels (TRPVs) since TRPV1/TRPV4 antagonism blocked the febrile Th2 switch, while TRPV1 agonists mediated a Th2 switch at 37 °C. The febrile Th2 switch was IL4 independent, but a γ-secretase inhibitor abrogated it, and it was not found in Notch1-null CD4 T cells, identifying the Notch pathway as a major mediator. However, when naive CD4 T cells were primed via antigen and dendritic cells (DCs) at fever temperatures, the Th2 switch was abrogated via increased production of IL12 from DCs at fever temperatures. Thus, immune cells directly sense fever temperatures with likely complex physiological consequences.
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27
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Goruganthu MUL, Shanker A, Dikov MM, Carbone DP. Specific Targeting of Notch Ligand-Receptor Interactions to Modulate Immune Responses: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Findings. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1958. [PMID: 32922403 PMCID: PMC7456812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and targeting Notch signaling effectively has long been valued in the field of cancer and other immune disorders. Here, we discuss key discoveries at the intersection of Notch signaling, cancer and immunology. While there is a plethora of Notch targeting agents tested in vitro, in vivo and in clinic, undesirable off-target effects and therapy-related toxicities have been significant obstacles. We make a case for the clinical application of ligand-derived and affinity modifying compounds as novel therapeutic agents and discuss major research findings with an emphasis on Notch ligand-specific modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounika U L Goruganthu
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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28
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Peiffer DS, Ma E, Wyatt D, Albain KS, Osipo C. DAXX-inducing phytoestrogens inhibit ER+ tumor initiating cells and delay tumor development. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:37. [PMID: 32864429 PMCID: PMC7429502 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors despite curative-intent adjuvant therapy is thought to be due to enrichment of tumor initiating cells (TIC) during endocrine therapy (ET). Recently, it was identified that by antagonizing the ER, ET promotes rapid degradation of the death-associated factor 6 (DAXX) protein, which is necessary and sufficient to potently inhibit TICs. Thus, the goal of the current study was to identify a DAXX-inducing agent to inhibit TICs and prevent proliferation of the tumor. Phytoestrogens (naringenin, resveratrol, genistein, apigenin, and quercetin) were screened for DAXX protein expression, anti-TIC and anti-proliferative efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Specific DAXX-inducing phytoestrogens were tested to assess selectivity towards ERα and/or ERβ. Results showed that phytoestrogens tested induced DAXX protein expression and inhibited survival of TICs from ER+ MCF-7 and T47D cells. Only naringenin, resveratrol, and quercetin did not stimulate total cell proliferation. Naringenin, resveratrol, but not quercetin inhibited survival of TICs in vitro and in vivo in a DAXX-dependent manner. Naringenin-induced DAXX protein expression and inhibition of TICs seemed to be more selective towards ERβ while resveratrol was more selective through ERα. Naringenin or resveratrol inhibited the rate of tumor initiation and rate of tumor growth in a DAXX-dependent manner. These results suggest that a therapeutic approach using a phytoestrogen to induce DAXX protein expression could potently inhibit TICs within a tumor to delay or prevent tumor initiation. Therefore, a DAXX-promoting phytoestrogen should be explored for prevention of tumor progression in advanced disease and relapse in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Peiffer
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Emily Ma
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Debra Wyatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Kathy S. Albain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
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29
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Keyghobadi F, Mehdipour M, Nekoukar V, Firouzi J, Kheimeh A, Nobakht Lahrood F, Azimian Zavareh V, Azimi M, Mohammadi M, Sodeifi N, Ebrahimi M. Long-Term Inhibition of Notch in A-375 Melanoma Cells Enhances Tumor Growth Through the Enhancement of AXIN1, CSNK2A3, and CEBPA2 as Intermediate Genes in Wnt and Notch Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:531. [PMID: 32695658 PMCID: PMC7338939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch suppression by gamma-secretase inhibitors is a valid approach against melanoma. However, most of studies have evaluated the short-term effect of DAPT on tumor cells or even cancer stem cells. In the present study, we surveyed the short-term and long-term effects of DAPT on the stem cell properties of A375 and NA8 as melanoma cell lines. The effects of DAPT were tested both in vitro and in vivo using xenograft models. In A375 with B-raf mutation, DAPT decreased the level of NOTCH1, NOTH2, and HES1 as downstream genes of the Notch pathway. This was accompanied by enhanced apoptosis after 24 h treatment, arrest in the G2−M phase, and impaired ability of colony and melanosphere formation at the short term. Moreover, tumor growth also reduced during 13 days of treatment. However, long-term treatment of DAPT promoted tumor growth in the xenograft model and enhanced the number and size of colonies and spheroids in vitro. The gene expression studies confirmed the up-regulation of Wnt and Notch downstream genes as well as AXIN1, CSNK2A3, and CEBPA2 following the removal of Notch inhibitor in vitro and in the xenograft model. Moreover, the Gompertz-based mathematical model determined a new drug resistance term in the present study. Our data supported that the long-term and not short-term inhibition of Notch by DAPT may enhance tumor growth and motility through up-regulation of AXIN1, CSNK2A3, and CEBPA2 genes in B-raf mutated A375 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Keyghobadi
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehdipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahab Nekoukar
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Kheimeh
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nobakht Lahrood
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajihe Azimian Zavareh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sodeifi
- Department of Pathology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Gratton R, Tricarico PM, Moltrasio C, Lima Estevão de Oliveira AS, Brandão L, Marzano AV, Zupin L, Crovella S. Pleiotropic Role of Notch Signaling in Human Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4214. [PMID: 32545758 PMCID: PMC7353046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling orchestrates the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of epidermal cells by strictly interacting with other cellular pathways. Any disruption of Notch signaling, either due to direct mutations or to an aberrant regulation of genes involved in the signaling route, might lead to both hyper- or hypo-activation of Notch signaling molecules and of target genes, ultimately inducing the onset of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which Notch contributes to the pathogenesis of skin diseases are multiple and still not fully understood. So far, Notch signaling alterations have been reported for five human skin diseases, suggesting the involvement of Notch in their pathogenesis: Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Dowling Degos Disease, Adams-Oliver Syndrome, Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. In this review, we aim at describing the role of Notch signaling in the skin, particularly focusing on the principal consequences associated with its alterations in these five human skin diseases, in order to reorganize the current knowledge and to identify potential cellular mechanisms in common between these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Gratton
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.V.M.)
| | | | - Lucas Brandão
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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31
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Nie P, Vartak A, Li YM. γ-Secretase inhibitors and modulators: Mechanistic insights into the function and regulation of γ-Secretase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 105:43-53. [PMID: 32249070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over two decades, γ-secretase has been the target for extensive therapeutic development due to its pivotal role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and cancer. However, it has proven to be a challenging task owing to its large set of substrates and our limited understanding of the enzyme's structural and mechanistic features. The scientific community is taking bigger strides towards solving this puzzle with recent advancement in techniques like cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and photo-affinity labelling (PAL). This review highlights the significance of the PAL technique with multiple examples of photo-probes developed from γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators. The binding of these probes into active and/or allosteric sites of the enzyme has provided crucial information on the γ-secretase complex and improved our mechanistic understanding of this protease. Combining the knowledge of function and regulation of γ-secretase will be a decisive factor in developing novel γ-secretase modulators and biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Nie
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Abhishek Vartak
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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32
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Endothelial-specific YY1 governs sprouting angiogenesis through directly interacting with RBPJ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4792-4801. [PMID: 32075915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916198117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is tightly regulated by gene transcriptional programs. Yin Ying 1 (YY1) is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor with diverse and complex biological functions; however, little is known about the cell-type-specific role of YY1 in vascular development and angiogenesis. Here we report that endothelial cell (EC)-specific YY1 deletion in mice led to embryonic lethality as a result of abnormal angiogenesis and vascular defects. Tamoxifen-inducible EC-specific YY1 knockout (YY1 iΔEC ) mice exhibited a scarcity of retinal sprouting angiogenesis with fewer endothelial tip cells. YY1 iΔEC mice also displayed severe impairment of retinal vessel maturation. In an ex vivo mouse aortic ring assay and a human EC culture system, YY1 depletion impaired endothelial sprouting and migration. Mechanistically, YY1 functions as a repressor protein of Notch signaling that controls EC tip-stalk fate determination. YY1 deficiency enhanced Notch-dependent gene expression and reduced tip cell formation. Specifically, YY1 bound to the N-terminal domain of RBPJ (recombination signal binding protein for Ig Kappa J region) and competed with the Notch coactivator MAML1 (mastermind-like protein 1) for binding to RBPJ, thereby impairing the NICD (intracellular domain of the Notch protein)/MAML1/RBPJ complex formation. Our study reveals an essential role of endothelial YY1 in controlling sprouting angiogenesis through directly interacting with RBPJ and forming a YY1-RBPJ nuclear repression complex.
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Sardesai S, Badawi M, Mrozek E, Morgan E, Phelps M, Stephens J, Wei L, Kassem M, Ling Y, Lustberg M, Stover D, Williams N, Layman R, Reinbolt R, VanDeusen J, Cherian M, Grever M, Carson W, Ramaswamy B, Wesolowski R. A phase I study of an oral selective gamma secretase (GS) inhibitor RO4929097 in combination with neoadjuvant paclitaxel and carboplatin in triple negative breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1400-1410. [PMID: 31953695 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of Notch pathway is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. We present the results of a phase I study of an oral selective gamma secretase (GS) inhibitor (critical to Notch signaling), RO4929097 in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable triple negative breast cancer. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of RO4929097. Secondary objectives were to determine real-time pharmacokinetics of RO4929097 and paclitaxel, safety and pathologic (pCR) complete response to study treatment. Eligible patients, initiated carboplatin at AUC 6 administered intravenously (IV) on day 1, weekly paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 IV and RO4929097 10 mg daily given orally (PO) on days 1-3, 8-10 and 15-17 for six 21-day cycles. RO4929097 was escalated in 10 mg increments using the 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Two DLTs were observed in 14 patients - Grade (G) 4 thrombocytopenia in dose level 1 (10 mg) and G3 hypertension in dose level 2 (20 mg). Protocol-defined MTD was not determined due to discontinuation of RO4929097 development. However, 4 of 5 patients enrolled to 20 mg dose of RO4929097 required dose reduction to 10 mg due to toxicities (including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and hypertension) occurring during and beyond the DLT observation period. Thus, 10 mg would have been the likely dose level for further development. G3 or higher hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (N = 8, 57%) and thrombocytopenia (N = 5, 36%) patients. Six (43%) patients had G2-3 neuropathy requiring paclitaxel dose reduction. No signs of drug-drug interaction between paclitaxel and RO4929097 were evident. Five patients (36%) had pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sardesai
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Badawi
- The Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ewa Mrozek
- Medical Oncology, Mercy Health, St. Rita's Cancer Center, Lima, OH, USA
| | - Evan Morgan
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitch Phelps
- The Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie Stephens
- Medical Oncology, Mercy Health, St. Rita's Cancer Center, Lima, OH, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- The Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kassem
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yonghua Ling
- The Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Stover
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Layman
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raquel Reinbolt
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey VanDeusen
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mathew Cherian
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Grever
- The Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William Carson
- The Division of Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- The Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Suite 1204, Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Jahanafrooz Z, Mosafer J, Akbari M, Hashemzaei M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. Colon cancer therapy by focusing on colon cancer stem cells and their tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4153-4166. [PMID: 31647128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many advances and optimization in colon cancer treatment, tumor recurrence and metastases make the development of new therapies necessary. Colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are considered as the main triggering factor of cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis. CCSCs as a result of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations and also complex interconnection with the tumor microenvironment (TME) can evolve and convert to full malignant cells. Mounting evidence suggests that in cancer therapy both CCSCs and non-CCSCs in TME have to be regarded to break through the limitation of current therapies. In this regard, stem cell capabilities of some non-CCSCs may arise inside the TME condition. Therefore, a deep knowledge of regulatory mechanisms, heterogeneity, specific markers, and signaling pathways of CCSCs and their interconnection with TME components is needed to improve the treatment of colorectal cancer and the patient's life quality. In this review, we address current different targeted therapeutic options that target cell surface markers and signaling pathways of CCSCs and other components of TME. Current challenges and future perspectives of colon cancer personalized therapy are also provided here. Taken together, based on the deep understanding of biology of CCSCs and using three-dimensional culture technologies, it can be possible to reach successful colon cancer eradication and improvise combination targeted therapies against CCSCs and TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jahanafrooz
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaffar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Regulation of the Notch-ATM-abl axis by geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:733. [PMID: 31570763 PMCID: PMC6768865 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch proteins drive oncogenesis of many cancers, most prominently T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Because geranylgeranylated Rab proteins regulate Notch processing, we hypothesized that inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) would impair Notch processing and reduce viability of T-ALL cells that express Notch. Here, we show that GGDPS inhibition reduces Notch1 expression and impairs the proliferation of T-ALL cells. GGDPS inhibition also reduces Rab7 membrane association and depletes Notch1 mRNA. GGDPS inhibition increases phosphorylation of histone H2A.X, and inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM) mitigate GGDPS inhibitor-induced apoptosis. GGDPS inhibition also influences c-abl activity downstream of caspases, and inhibitors of these enzymes prevent GGDPS inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, induction of apoptosis by GGDPS inhibition is reduced by co-treatment with γ-secretase inhibitors. While inhibitors of γ-secretase deplete one specific form of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), they also increase Notch1 mRNA expression and increase alternate forms of Notch1 protein expression in cells treated with a GGDPS inhibitor. Furthermore, inhibitors of γ-secretase and ATM increase Notch1 mRNA stability independent of GGDPS inhibition. These results provide a model by which T-ALL cells use Notch1 to avoid DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, and can be overcome by inhibition of GGDPS through effects on Notch1 expression and its subsequent response.
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Peiffer DS, Wyatt D, Zlobin A, Piracha A, Ng J, Dingwall AK, Albain KS, Osipo C. DAXX Suppresses Tumor-Initiating Cells in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Following Endocrine Therapy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4965-4977. [PMID: 31387918 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer recurrence is thought to be driven by tumor-initiating cells (TIC). TICs are enriched by endocrine therapy through NOTCH signaling. Side effects have limited clinical trial testing of NOTCH-targeted therapies. Death-associated factor 6 (DAXX) is a newly identified marker whose RNA expression inversely correlates with NOTCH in human ER+ breast tumor samples. In this study, knockdown and overexpression approaches were used to investigate the role of DAXX on stem/pluripotent gene expression, TIC survival in vitro, and TIC frequency in vivo, and the mechanism by which DAXX suppresses TICs in ER+ breast cancer. 17β-Estradiol (E2)-mediated ER activation stabilized the DAXX protein, which was required for repressing stem/pluripotent genes (NOTCH4, SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and ALDH1A1), and TICs in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, endocrine therapy promoted rapid protein depletion due to increased proteasome activity. DAXX was enriched at promoters of stem/pluripotent genes, which was lost with endocrine therapy. Ectopic expression of DAXX decreased stem/pluripotent gene transcripts to levels similar to E2 treatment. DAXX-mediated repression of stem/pluripotent genes and suppression of TICs was dependent on DNMT1. DAXX or DNMT1 was necessary to inhibit methylation of CpGs within the SOX2 promoter and moderately within the gene body of NOTCH4, NOTCH activation, and TIC survival. E2-mediated stabilization of DAXX was necessary and sufficient to repress stem/pluripotent genes by recruiting DNMT1 to methylate some promoters and suppress TICs. These findings suggest that a combination of endocrine therapy and DAXX-stabilizing agents may inhibit ER+ tumor recurrence. SIGNIFICANCE: Estradiol-mediated stabilization of DAXX is necessary and sufficient to repress genes associated with stemness, suggesting that the combination of endocrine therapy and DAXX-stabilizing agents may inhibit tumor recurrence in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peiffer
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Debra Wyatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Andrei Zlobin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ali Piracha
- Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey Ng
- Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew K Dingwall
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Kathy S Albain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
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Zhang C, Martinez-Ledesma E, Gao F, Zhang W, Ding J, Wu S, Li X, Wu J, Yuan Y, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK. Wild-type TP53 defined gamma-secretase inhibitor sensitivity and synergistic activity with doxorubicin in GSCs. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1734-1745. [PMID: 31497354 PMCID: PMC6726980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary intracranial tumor. Aggressive surgical resection plus radiotherapy and temozolomide have prolonged patients' median survival to only 14.6 months. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for GBM. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NOTCH signaling intervention by gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) on glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs). GSI sensitivity exhibited remarkable selectivity among wild-type TP53 (wt-p53) GSCs. GSIs significantly impaired the sphere formation of GSCs harboring wt-p53. We also identified a concurrence between GSI sensitivity, NOTCH1 expression, and wt-p53 activity in GSCs. Through a series of gene editing and drug treatment experiments, we found that wt-p53 did not modulate NOTCH1 pathway, whereas NOTCH1 signaling positively regulated wt-p53 expression and activity in GSCs. Finally, GSIs (targeting NOTCH signaling) synergized with doxorubicin (activating wt-p53) to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in wt-p53 GSCs. Taken together, we identified wt-p53 as a potential marker for GSI sensitivity in GSCs. Combining GSI with doxorubicin synergistically inhibited the proliferation and survival of GSCs harboring wt-p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMonterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - WK Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
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Notch Inhibition Prevents Differentiation of Human Limbal Stem/Progenitor Cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10373. [PMID: 31316119 PMCID: PMC6637172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling has been shown to regulate the homeostasis and wound healing of the corneal epithelium. We investigated the effect of Notch inhibition in the human limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) in vitro by using small molecules. Treatment of the LSCs with DAPT and SAHM1 reduced the proliferation rate and maintained the undifferentiated state of the LSCs in a concentration dependent manner. Stratification and differentiation of the corneal epithelium were not reduced after Notch inhibition, indicating that the function of the corneal basal cells is retained. Our findings suggest that Notch signaling plays a role in the proliferation and maintenance of LSCs.
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Notch Signaling Activation as a Hallmark for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8707053. [PMID: 31379945 PMCID: PMC6657611 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8707053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of 15%-20% of diagnosed breast cancer patients. It is generally considered to be the most difficult breast cancer subtype to deal with, due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which usually direct targeted therapies. In this scenario, the current treatments of TNBC-affected patients rely on tumor excision and conventional chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis is overall poor. Thus, the identification and characterization of targets for novel therapies are urgently required. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged to act in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of TNBCs. Firstly, Notch receptors are associated with the regulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) behavior, as well as with the aetiology of TNBCs. Secondly, there is a strong evidence that Notch pathway is a relevant player in mammary cancer stem cells maintenance and expansion. Finally, Notch receptors expression and activation strongly correlate with the aggressive clinicopathological and biological phenotypes of breast cancer (e.g., invasiveness and chemoresistance), which are relevant characteristics of TNBC subtype. The purpose of this up-to-date review is to provide a detailed overview of the specific role of all four Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, and Notch4) in TNBCs, thus identifying the Notch signaling pathway deregulation/activation as a pathognomonic feature of this breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, this review will also discuss recent information associated with different therapeutic options related to the four Notch receptors, which may be useful to evaluate prognostic or predictive indicators as well as to develop new therapies aimed at improving the clinical outcome of TNBC patients.
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40
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Kaufman ML, Park KU, Goodson NB, Chew S, Bersie S, Jones KL, Lamba DA, Brzezinski JA. Transcriptional profiling of murine retinas undergoing semi-synchronous cone photoreceptor differentiation. Dev Biol 2019; 453:155-167. [PMID: 31163126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the gene regulatory networks that control cone photoreceptor formation has been hindered because cones only make up a few percent of the retina and form asynchronously during development. To overcome these limitations, we used a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, to disrupt Notch signaling and force proliferating retinal progenitor cells to rapidly adopt neuronal identity. We treated mouse retinal explants at the peak of cone genesis with DAPT and examined tissues at several time-points by histology and bulk RNA-sequencing. We found that this treatment caused supernumerary cone formation in an overwhelmingly synchronized fashion. This analysis revealed several categorical patterns of gene expression changes over time relative to DMSO treated control explants. These were placed in the temporal context of the activation of Otx2, a transcription factor that is expressed at the onset of photoreceptor development and that is required for both rod and cone formation. One group of interest had genes, such as Mybl1, Ascl1, Neurog2, and Olig2, that became upregulated by DAPT treatment before Otx2. Two other groups showed upregulated gene expression shortly after Otx2, either transiently or permanently. This included genes such as Mybl1, Meis2, and Podxl. Our data provide a developmental timeline of the gene expression events that underlie the initial steps of cone genesis and maturation. Applying this strategy to human retinal organoid cultures was also sufficient to induce a massive increase in cone genesis. Taken together, our results provide a temporal framework that can be used to elucidate the gene regulatory logic controlling cone photoreceptor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ko Uoon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Noah B Goodson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shereen Chew
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bersie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Brzezinski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Liubomirski Y, Lerrer S, Meshel T, Morein D, Rubinstein-Achiasaf L, Sprinzak D, Wiemann S, Körner C, Ehrlich M, Ben-Baruch A. Notch-Mediated Tumor-Stroma-Inflammation Networks Promote Invasive Properties and CXCL8 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:804. [PMID: 31105691 PMCID: PMC6492532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines play key roles in promoting the aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC; Basal/Basal-like). In our previous study we demonstrated that stimulation of TNBC and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultures by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has led to increased metastasis-related properties in vitro and in vivo. In this context, elevated release of the pro-metastatic chemokines CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES) was noted in TNFα- and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated TNBC:MSC co-cultures; the process was partly (CXCL8) and entirely (CCL5) dependent on physical contacts between the two cell types. Here, we demonstrate that DAPT, inhibitor of γ-secretase that participates in activation of Notch receptors, inhibited the migration and invasion of TNBC cells that were grown in “Contact” co-cultures with MSCs or with patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in the presence of TNFα. DAPT also inhibited the contact-dependent induction of CXCL8, but not of CCL5, in TNFα- and IL-1β-stimulated TNBC:MSC/CAF co-cultures; some level of heterogeneity between the responses of different TNBC cell lines was noted, with MDA-MB-231:MSC/CAF co-cultures being the most sensitive to DAPT. Patient dataset studies comparing basal tumors to luminal-A tumors, and mRNA analyses of Notch receptors in TNBC and luminal-A cells pointed at Notch1 as possible mediator of CXCL8 increase in TNFα-stimulated TNBC:stroma “Contact” co-cultures. Accordingly, down-regulation of Notch1 in TNBC cells by siRNA has substantially reduced the contact-dependent elevation in CXCL8 in TNFα- and also in IL-1β-stimulated TNBC:MSC “Contact” co-cultures. Then, studies in which CXCL8 or p65 (NF-κB pathway) were down-regulated (siRNAs; CRISPR/Cas9) in TNBC cells and/or MSCs, indicated that upon TNFα stimulation of “Contact” co-cultures, p65 was activated and led to CXCL8 production mainly in TNBC cells. Moreover, our findings indicated that when tumor cells interacted with stromal cells in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli, TNFα-induced p65 activation has led to elevated Notch1 expression and activation, which then gave rise to elevated production of CXCL8. Overall, tumor:stroma interactions set the stage for Notch1 activation by pro-inflammatory signals, leading to CXCL8 induction and consequently to pro-metastatic activities. These observations may have important clinical implications in designing novel therapy combinations in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Liubomirski
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linor Rubinstein-Achiasaf
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wang Z, Kawaguchi K, Honda M, Hashimoto S, Shirasaki T, Okada H, Orita N, Shimakami T, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Mizukoshi E, Murakami S, Kaneko S. Notch signaling facilitates hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA transcription via cAMP response element-binding protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase-modulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1621. [PMID: 30733490 PMCID: PMC6367350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1 is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, with proteasomal degradation of the Notch intracellular domain affecting the transcription of target genes. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) mediates the transcription of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We assessed the relationship between HBV cccDNA and Notch signaling activities. HBV cccDNA levels and relative gene expression were evaluated in HBV-replicating cells treated with Jagged1 shRNA and a γ-secretase inhibitor. The effects of these factors in surgically resected clinical samples were also assessed. Notch inhibition suppressed HBV cccDNA and CREB-related expression but increased ITCH and NUMB levels. Proteasome inhibitor augmented HBV cccDNA, restored Notch and CREB expression, and inhibited ITCH and NUMB function. Increased HBV cccDNA was observed after ITCH and NUMB blockage, even after treatment with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin; protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor had the opposite effect. Notch activation and E3 ligase inactivation were observed in HBV-positive cells in clinical liver tissue. Collectively, these findings reveal that Notch signaling activity facilitates HBV cccDNA transcription via CREB to trigger the downstream PKA-phospho-CREB cascade and is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligase-modulation of the Notch intracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Orita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seishi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Mazhar S, Taylor SE, Sangodkar J, Narla G. Targeting PP2A in cancer: Combination therapies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:51-63. [PMID: 30401535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A regulates a vast portion of the phosphoproteome including pathways involved in apoptosis, proliferation and DNA damage response and PP2A inactivation is a vital step in malignant transformation. Many groups have explored the therapeutic venue of combining PP2A reactivation with kinase inhibition to counteract the very changes in tumor suppressors and oncogenes that lead to cancer development. Conversely, inhibition of PP2A to complement chemotherapy and radiation-induced cancer cell death is also an area of active investigation. Here we review the studies that utilize PP2A targeted agents as combination therapy in cancer. A potential role for PP2A in tumor immunity is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mazhar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah E Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Hu Y, Fang KH, Shen LP, Cao SY, Yuan F, Su Y, Xu M, Pan Y, Chen Y, Liu Y. The telomerase inhibitor AZT enhances differentiation and prevents overgrowth of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8722-8733. [PMID: 29628445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based cell-replacement therapy has emerged as a promising approach for addressing numerous neurological diseases. However, hPSC transplantation has the potential to cause human cell overgrowth and cancer, which represents a major obstacle to implementing hPSC-based therapies. Inhibition of the overgrowth of transplanted cells could help reduce the risk for hPSC transplantation-induced tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that the telomerase inhibitor azidothymidine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) enhances the differentiation of cortical neurons and significantly suppresses the proliferation of hPSC-derived cortical progenitors. Using human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in culture, we found that AZT effectively reduces the number of dividing progenitors without inducing cell death. Furthermore, AZT promoted differentiation of cortical progenitors and maturation of cortical neurons. Of note, AZT-pretreated, hPSC-derived neural progenitors exhibited decreased proliferation and increased differentiation into cortical neurons when transplanted into the mouse brain. In summary, our findings indicate that AZT prevents the overgrowth of hPSC-derived neural precursors and enhances the differentiation of cortical neurons in both cell cultures and hPSC-transplanted mouse brain. We propose that our work could inform clinical applications of hPSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine.,Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kai-Heng Fang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Lu-Ping Shen
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Shi-Ying Cao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Fang Yuan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Yuwen Su
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Min Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China, and
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- Division of Hematology, Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yan Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, and.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Alimbetov D, Askarova S, Umbayev B, Davis T, Kipling D. Pharmacological Targeting of Cell Cycle, Apoptotic and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways Implicated in Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061690. [PMID: 29882812 PMCID: PMC6032165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs target a physiological differentiating feature of cancer cells as they tend to actively proliferate more than normal cells. They have well-known side-effects resulting from the death of highly proliferative normal cells in the gut and immune system. Cancer treatment has changed dramatically over the years owing to rapid advances in oncology research. Developments in cancer therapies, namely surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and selective treatment methods due to better understanding of tumor characteristics, have significantly increased cancer survival. However, many chemotherapeutic regimes still fail, with 90% of the drug failures in metastatic cancer treatment due to chemoresistance, as cancer cells eventually develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemoresistance is caused through genetic mutations in various proteins involved in cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion, and targeting those mechanisms could improve outcomes of cancer therapy. Recent developments in cancer treatment are focused on combination therapy, whereby cells are sensitized to chemotherapeutic agents using inhibitors of target pathways inducing chemoresistance thus, hopefully, overcoming the problems of drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion in cancer chemoresistance mechanisms, possible drugs to target these pathways and, thus, novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauren Alimbetov
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Terence Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Dorneburg C, Goß AV, Fischer M, Roels F, Barth TFE, Berthold F, Kappler R, Oswald F, Siveke JT, Molenaar JJ, Debatin KM, Beltinger C. γ-Secretase inhibitor I inhibits neuroblastoma cells, with NOTCH and the proteasome among its targets. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62799-62813. [PMID: 27588497 PMCID: PMC5325329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) has a poor prognosis, new therapeutic modalities are needed. We therefore investigated the susceptibility of NB cells to γ-secretase inhibitor I (GSI-I). NOTCH signaling activity, the cellular effects of GSI-I and its mechanisms of cytotoxicity were evaluated in NB cells in vitro and in vivo. The results show that NOTCH signaling is relevant for human NB cells. Of the GSIs screened in vitro GSI-I was the most effective inhibitor of NB cells. Both MYCN-amplified and non-amplified NB cells were susceptible to GSI-I. Among the targets of GSI-I in NB cells were NOTCH and the proteasome. GSI-I caused G2/M arrest that was enhanced by acute activation of MYCN and led to mitotic dysfunction. GSI-I also induced proapoptotic NOXA. Survival of mice bearing an MYCN non-amplified orthotopic patient-derived NB xenograft was significantly prolonged by systemic GSI-I, associated with mitotic catastrophe and reduced angiogenesis, and without evidence of intestinal toxicity. In conclusion, the activity of GSI-I on multiple targets in NB cells and the lack of gastrointestinal toxicity in mice are advantageous and merit further investigations of GSI-I in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dorneburg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika V Goß
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Roels
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Berthold
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Beltinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Skarmoutsou E, Bevelacqua V, D' Amico F, Russo A, Spandidos DA, Scalisi A, Malaponte G, Guarneri C. FOXP3 expression is modulated by TGF‑β1/NOTCH1 pathway in human melanoma. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:392-404. [PMID: 29620159 PMCID: PMC5979787 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor is expressed by immune cells and several human cancers and is associated with tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable clinical outcomes. NOTCH and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protumorigenic effects are mediated by FOXP3 expression in several cancer models; however, their interaction and role in melanoma is unknown. We investigated TGF-β-induced FOXP3 gene expression during NOTCH1 signaling inactivation. Primary (WM35) and metastatic melanoma (A375 and A2058) cell lines and normal melanocytes (NHEM) were used. FOXP3 subcellular distribution was evaluated by immuno cytochemical analysis. Gene expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels were assessed by western blot analysis. The γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) was used for NOTCH1 inhibition and recombinant human (rh)TGF-β was used for melanoma cell stimulation. Cell proliferation and viability were respectively assessed by MTT and Trypan blue dye assays. FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels were progressively higher in WM35, A375 and A2058 cell lines compared to NHEM and their levels were further increased after stimulation with rh-TGF-β. TGF-β-mediated FOXP3 expression was mediated by NOTCH1 signaling. Inhibition of NOTCH1 with concomitant rh-TGF-β stimulation determined the reduction in gene expression and protein level of FOXP3. Finally, melanoma cell line proliferation and viability were reduced by NOTCH1 inhibition. The results show that nn increase in FOXP3 expression in metastatic melanoma cell lines is a potential marker of tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. NOTCH1 is a central mediator of TGF-β-mediated FOXP3 expression and NOTCH1 inhibition produces a significant reduction of melanoma cell proliferation and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skarmoutsou
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Bevelacqua
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio D' Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP‑Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Malaponte
- Research Unit of the Catania Section of the Italian League Against Cancer, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Pittaway JFH, Harrison C, Rhee Y, Holder-Espinasse M, Fryer AE, Cundy T, Drake WM, Irving MD. Bisphosphonate therapy for spinal osteoporosis in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome - new data and literature review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:47. [PMID: 29618366 PMCID: PMC5885380 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) (#OMIM 102500) is a rare, autosomal dominant condition that presents in early childhood. It is caused by mutations in the terminal exon of NOTCH2, which encodes the transmembrane NOTCH2 receptor. This pathway is involved in the coupled processes of bone formation and resorption. The skeletal features of HCS include acro-osteolysis of the digits and osteoporosis commonly affecting vertebrae and long bones. Fractures are a prominent feature and are associated with significant morbidity. There is no specific treatment, but with both acro-osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, it is possible that anti-resorptive treatment might be of benefit. However, to date only a few case reports have evaluated the effectiveness of bisphosphonate treatment. Methods We describe the clinical features, treatment regimens and response to bisphosphonate treatment in 7 newly described patients aged 6–39 with HCS, and pooled the data with that from 8 previously published cases (a total of 17 courses of treatment in 15 individuals). Results The mean lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) z-score before treatment was − 2.9 (SD 1.2). In 14 courses of treatment (82%), there was an increase in BMD with bisphosphonate treatment, but the impact (in terms of change in spinal BMD z-score) appeared to be less with advancing age (p = 0.01). There was no evidence that acro-osteolysis was prevented. Conclusions Although individual response is variable and age-related, the data support a role for bisphosphonates in preventing or treating spinal osteoporosis in HCS, but bone loss from the lumbar spine may be rapid after cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F H Pittaway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK.
| | - Christopher Harrison
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, E Prescot Rd, Liverpool, L14 5AB, UK
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muriel Holder-Espinasse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alan E Fryer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK
| | - Tim Cundy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - William M Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Melita D Irving
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Perron A, Nishikawa Y, Iwata J, Shimojo H, Takaya J, Kobayashi K, Imayoshi I, Mbenza NM, Takenoya M, Kageyama R, Kodama Y, Uesugi M. Small-molecule screening yields a compound that inhibits the cancer-associated transcription factor Hes1 via the PHB2 chaperone. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523683 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Hes family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 (Hes1) is a downstream effector of Notch signaling and plays a crucial role in orchestrating developmental processes during the embryonic stage. However, its aberrant signaling in adulthood is linked to the pathogenesis of cancer. In the present study, we report the discovery of small organic molecules (JI051 and JI130) that impair the ability of Hes1 to repress transcription. Hes1 interacts with the transcriptional corepressor transducing-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) via an interaction domain comprising two tryptophan residues, prompting us to search a chemical library of 1,800 small molecules enriched for indole-like π-electron-rich pharmacophores for a compound that blocks Hes1-mediated transcriptional repression. This screening identified a lead compound whose extensive chemical modification to improve potency yielded JI051, which inhibited HEK293 cell proliferation with an EC50 of 0.3 μm Unexpectedly, using immunomagnetic isolation and nanoscale LC-MS/MS, we found that JI051 does not bind TLE1 but instead interacts with prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a cancer-associated protein chaperone. We also found that JI051 stabilizes PHB2's interaction with Hes1 outside the nucleus, inducing G2/M cell-cycle arrest. Of note, JI051 dose-dependently reduced cell growth of the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2, and JI130 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume in a murine pancreatic tumor xenograft model. These results suggest a previously unrecognized role for PHB2 in the regulation of Hes1 and may inform potential strategies for managing pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Perron
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011
| | | | - Jun Iwata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junichiro Takaya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011
| | - Kumiko Kobayashi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Itaru Imayoshi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naasson M Mbenza
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011
| | - Mihoko Takenoya
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine.
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011.
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Canalis E. Clinical and experimental aspects of notch receptor signaling: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and related disorders. Metabolism 2018; 80:48-56. [PMID: 28941602 PMCID: PMC5818282 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are four Notch transmembrane receptors that determine the fate and function of cells. Notch is activated following its interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families that lead to the cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD); this translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of Notch target genes. Genetic disorders of loss- and gain-of-NOTCH function present with severe clinical manifestations. BASIC PROCEDURES In this article, current knowledge of Hajdu Cheney Syndrome (HCS) and related disorders is reviewed. MAIN FINDINGS HCS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by acroosteolysis, fractures, short stature, neurological manifestations, craniofacial developmental abnormalities, cardiovascular defects and polycystic kidneys. HCS is associated with NOTCH2 gain-of-function mutations. An experimental mouse model of the disease revealed that the bone loss is secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption due to enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl). This would suggest that inhibitors of bone resorption might prove to be beneficial in the treatment of the bone loss associated with HCS. Notch2 is a determinant of B-cell allocation in the marginal zone of the spleen and "somatic" mutations analogous to those found in HCS are associated with B-cell lymphomas of the marginal zone, but there are no reports of lymphomas associated with HCS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, HCS is a serious genetic disorder associated with NOTCH2 mutations. New experimental models have offered insight on mechanisms responsible for the manifestations of HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Medicine, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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