1
|
Asefa A, Belete AM, Talarge F, Molla D. Self-care practice and its barriers among diabetes patients in North East Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002036. [PMID: 38359029 PMCID: PMC10868755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes prevention and management through self-care practice is critical to reducing severe complications and death due to diabetes. Data on the prevalence of self-care practices will help us to design and implement prevention and management strategies to foster adherence and compliance with the interventions. This study was intended to assess self-care preparation and its barriers among diabetes patients in Northeast Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetes patients visiting Debre Berhan Town Public Health Institutions from March 10, 2021- April 10, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was utilized to select 392 samples. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measures. Reliability analysis was done using Cronbach's alpha test, and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test also checked for model fitness. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was done to identify the factors associated with dietary practices. For all statistically significant tests, p- a value < 0.05 was used as a cut-off point. The mean age of the respondents was 47.1 years, with a standard deviation (SD) of ± 13.4 years. The mean adherence to self-care practice was 29.00 ± 10.37 SD. More than half, 218 (61.1%) of the study subjects had poor self-care practices. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, being a governmental worker (AOR = 7.06 (1.61-30.9) and having social support from partners (AOR = 5.83(3.01-11.3) showed a statistically significant association with good self-care practice. The current study showed that the overall level of self-care practice of study subjects was poor. Therefore, health facilities should provide adequate health education and promotion activities to enhance patients' level of adherence. In addition, families, partners, or friends of diabetes patients should be informed about their essential roles in patients' self-care practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adisu Asefa
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Muche Belete
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Feredegn Talarge
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Molla
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Studer CM, Linder M, Pazzagli L. A global systematic overview of socioeconomic factors associated with antidiabetic medication adherence in individuals with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:122. [PMID: 37936205 PMCID: PMC10631092 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidiabetic medication adherence is a key aspect for successful control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the associations between socioeconomic factors and antidiabetic medication adherence in individuals with T2DM. METHODS A study protocol was established using the PRISMA checklist. A primary literature search was conducted during March 2022, searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, as well as WorldCat and the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine. Studies were included if published between 1990 and 2022 and included individuals with T2DM. During primary screening, one reviewer screened titles and abstracts for eligibility, while in the secondary screening, two reviewers worked independently to extract the relevant data from the full-text articles. RESULTS A total of 15,128 studies were found in the primary search, and 102 were finally included in the review. Most studies found were cross-sectional (72) and many investigated multiple socioeconomic factors. Four subcategories of socioeconomic factors were identified: economic (70), social (74), ethnical/racial (19) and geographical (18). The majority of studies found an association with antidiabetic medication adherence for two specific factors, namely individuals' insurance status (10) and ethnicity or race (18). Other important factors were income and education. CONCLUSIONS A large heterogeneity between studies was observed, with many studies relying on subjective data from interviewed individuals with a potential for recall bias. Several socioeconomic groups influencing medication adherence were identified, suggesting potential areas of intervention for the improvement of diabetes treatment adherence and individuals' long-term well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ming Studer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie Linder
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Pazzagli
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rasyid A, Pemila U, Aisah S, Harris S, Wiyarta E, Fisher M. Self-Efficacy and Self-Care as Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke: Development and Validation of a Nomogram. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5665. [PMID: 37685732 PMCID: PMC10489054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study addresses the knowledge gap on how self-efficacy and self-care affect stroke risk as factors and develops a valuable tool for clinicians to assess stroke risk. METHODS From January 2022 to January 2023, this nested-case control study was conducted. Medical data including gender, age, ethnicity, locality, education, marital status, employment, caregiver, social environment, blood viscosity, Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), stroke risk score, self-care score, and self-efficacy score were collected. Logistic regression was used to predict stroke risk, and a nomogram was developed and validated. RESULTS 240 patients were included in the analysis. Stroke risk score (OR: 3.513; p = 0.005), self-efficacy score (OR: 0.753; p = 0.048), and self-care score (OR: 0.817; p = 0.018) were predictors of ischemic stroke. Internal validation was carried out, with a C-index of 0.774, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated a good fit (p = 0.92). The calibration plot also shows that this nomogram model has good calibration abilities. The decision curve analysis (DCA) results show a threshold probability range of 10-95%. CONCLUSION A nomogram has been developed with good validity, calibration, and clinical utility, including self-care and self-efficacy as risk factors for predicting ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Al Rasyid
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Uke Pemila
- Directorate of Health Service Governance, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia
| | - Siti Aisah
- Department of Medical Surgery, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Salim Harris
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elvan Wiyarta
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Marc Fisher
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berhe KK, Mselle LT, Gebru HB. The magnitude of chronic diabetes complications and its associated factors among diabetic patients attending the general hospitals in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290240. [PMID: 37624794 PMCID: PMC10456170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a severe challenge to global public health since it is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and rising healthcare costs. 3.0 million Ethiopians, or 4.7% of the population, had diabetes in 2021. Studies on the chronic complications of diabetes in Ethiopia have not been conducted in lower-level healthcare facilities, so the findings from tertiary hospitals do not accurately reflect the issues with chronic diabetes in general hospitals. In addition, there is a lack of information and little research on the complications of chronic diabetes in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of chronic diabetes complications and associated factors among diabetic patients presenting to general hospitals in the Tigray area in northern Ethiopia. METHODS As part of a multi-centre cross-sectional study, 1,158 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients from 10 general hospitals in the Tigray region were randomly chosen. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a record review, and an SPSS version 20 analysis were used to collect the data. All continuous data were presented as mean standard deviation (SD), while categorical data were identified by frequencies. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, the factors associated with chronic diabetes complications among T2D diabetic patients were found, and linked factors were declared at p 0.05. RESULTS Fifty-four of people with diabetes have chronic problems. Hypertension (27%) eye illness, renal disease (19.1%), and hypertension (27%) eye disease were the most common long-term effects of diabetes. Patients with chronic diabetes complications were more likely to be older than 60, taking insulin and an OHGA (Oral Hyperglycemic Agent) (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.73, 5.26), having diabetes for more than five years, taking more than four tablets per day (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.23,2.15), and having high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Patients with government employment (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.26, 0.90), antiplatelet drug use (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.16, 0.52), and medication for treating dyslipidemia (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.35, 0.84), all had a decreased chance of developing a chronic diabetes problem. CONCLUSION At least one chronic diabetic complication was present in more than half of the patients in this study. Chronic diabetes problems were related to patients' characteristics like age, occupation, diabetes treatment plan, anti-platelet, anti-dyslipidemia medicine, duration of diabetes, high Systolic BP, high Diastolic BP, and pill burden. To avoid complications from occurring, diabetes care professionals and stakeholders must collaborate to establish appropriate methods, especially for individuals who are more likely to experience diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalayou K. Berhe
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Lilian T. Mselle
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Muhimbli University of Health and Allied Sciences, (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Haftu B. Gebru
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abate MD, Semachew A, Emishaw S, Meseret F, Azmeraw M, Algaw D, Temesgen D, Feleke SF, Nuru A, Abate M, Bantie B, Andualem A. Incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult diabetic patients in Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1116713. [PMID: 37006547 PMCID: PMC10063795 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome are the two commonly known life-threatening hyperglycemic emergencies of diabetes mellitus. Despite the growing hyperglycemic emergency impact among adult patients with diabetes, its incidence and predictors have not been well studied in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult patients with diabetes. Method A retrospective follow-up study design was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 453 adult patients with diabetes. Data were entered into EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. A Cox-proportional hazard regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies, and variables having a p < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant. Result Among the total adult patients with diabetes included in the study, 147 (32.45%) developed hyperglycemic emergencies. Hence, the overall incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was 14.6 per 100 person-years observation. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 12.5 per 100 person-years (35.6 and 6.3 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The incidence of the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome was 2.1 per 100 person-years (0.9 and 2.4 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The overall median free survival time was 53.85 months. Type 1 diabetes mellitus [AHR = 2.75, 95% CI (1.68, 4.51)], diabetes duration of ≥ 3 years [AHR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.21, 0.50)], recent acute illness [AHR = 2.99, 95% CI (2.03, 4.43)], presence of comorbidity [AHR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.53, 3.63)], poor glycemic control [AHR = 3.47, 95% CI (2.17, 5.56)], history of medication non-compliance [AHR = 1.85,95% CI (1.24, 2.76)], follow-up frequency of 2-3 months [AHR = 1.79,95% CI (1.06, 3.01)], and without community health insurance [AHR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.14, 2.35)] were significant predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies. Conclusion The incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was high. Therefore, giving greater attention to patients with identified predictors could decrease the occurrence of hyperglycemic emergencies and related public health and economic impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melsew Dagne Abate
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Semachew
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Emishaw
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Fentahun Meseret
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Azmeraw
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Algaw
- Department of Nursing, Bahirdar Health Sciences College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Temesgen
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Feleke
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Nuru
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Makda Abate
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Bantie
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Atsedemariam Andualem
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adherence to Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051981. [PMID: 36902770 PMCID: PMC10004070 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can lead to therapy failure and risk of complications. The aim of this study was to produce an adherence proportion to OADs and estimate the association between good adherence and good glycemic control in patients with T2D. We searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases to find observational studies on therapeutic adherence in OAD users. We calculated the proportion of adherent patients to the total number of participants for each study and pooled study-specific adherence proportions using random effect models with Freeman-Tukey transformation. We also calculated the odds ratio (OR) of having good glycemic control and good adherence and pooled study-specific OR with the generic inverse variance method. A total of 156 studies (10,041,928 patients) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of adherent patients was 54% (95% confidence interval, CI: 51-58%). We observed a significant association between good glycemic control and good adherence (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.51). This study demonstrated that adherence to OADs in patients with T2D is sub-optimal. Improving therapeutic adherence through health-promoting programs and prescription of personalized therapies could be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of complications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamarli Altun H, Özyildirim C, Koç Ş, Aksoy HN, Sağir B, Bozkurt MS, Karasu H. The factors associated with orthorexia nervosa in type 2 diabetes and their effect on diabetes self-management scores. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:22. [PMID: 36809582 PMCID: PMC9944002 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the ORTO-R scores in individuals with T2DM and to investigate their effect on diabetes self-management. METHODS The study included 373 individuals with type 2 diabetes between the ages of 18-65 who applied to Akdeniz University Hospital Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Polyclinic between January and May 2022. A questionnaire including sociodemographic data, information about diabetes, and nutritional habits, and the ORTO-R and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scales were used to collect data. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting ORTO-R. RESULTS The linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, education level, and duration of diabetes affected ORTO-R scores in patients with type 2 diabetes. Body mass index, comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases and hypertension), diabetes-related complications, diabetes treatment method and dieting had no significant contribution to the model (p > 0.05). We also found that education level, comorbidities, diabetes-related complications, diabetes treatment method, dieting, and BMI can affect diabetes self-management. CONCLUSION It should be kept in mind that type 2 diabetes are at risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in terms of various aspects such as age, gender, education level and duration of diabetes. Since the factors affecting the risk of ON and the factors affecting diabetes self-management are intertwined, orthorexic tendencies should be kept under control while trying to increase self-management in these patients. In this respect, developing individual recommendations according to the psychosocial characteristics of patients may be an effective approach. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Kamarli Altun
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Caner Özyildirim
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye.
| | - Şeyma Koç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Nur Aksoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Beyza Sağir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Merve Sefa Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Karasu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Babazadeh T, Lotfi Y, Ranjbaran S. Predictors of self-care behaviors and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1031655. [PMID: 36711399 PMCID: PMC9874308 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study used the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action (ETRA) to predict self-care behaviors and HbA1c among patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed using a multistage random sample. A total of 240 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were referred to the diabetes healthcare centers in Chaldoran, participated in the research. Instruments consisting of standardized questionnaires were used based on the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action (ETRA) constructs and the summary scale of diabetes self-care behaviors measure. Findings The results of this study demonstrated that demographic variables explained ~ 7% (p-value = 0.23) and ETRA constructs 18% of the variance (p-value = 0.02) in behavioral intention, respectively. According to the hierarchical multiple linear regressions on self-care behaviors, demographic factors (p-value 0.001) dictated 45.7% of the variation of the self-care behavior, while knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention (p-value 0.001) accounted for 63.4% of the variance. The ETRA constructs, self-care practices, and demographic factors together account for almost 57% of the variation in the HbA1c. Self-care practices were the best indicator of HbA1c (β = -0.593). Conclusion ETRA constructs and self-care behavior can be the best determinants of HbA1c level in type 2 diabetes. This model is suggested to be applied in designing intervention programs to improve HbA1c in these groups of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Towhid Babazadeh
- Department of Public Health, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Yosef Lotfi
- Department of Nursing, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran
| | - Soheila Ranjbaran
- Department of Public Health, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zenu S, Abebe E, Reshad M, Dessie Y, Debalke R, Berkessa T. Non-adherence to the World Health Organization's physical activity recommendations and associated factors among healthy adults in urban centers of Southwest Ethiopia. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001451. [PMID: 36962928 PMCID: PMC10021407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major risk-factor of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organization has set physical activity recommendations for adults to reduce physical inactivity and its consequences. However, 1.4 billion adults are non-adherent to the recommendation worldwide. The prevalence of non-adherence to this recommendation and its predictors has not been assessed in urban Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of non-adherence to physical activity recommendations and identify its associated factors among healthy adults in urban centers of Southwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from May to June 2021, involving 1191 adults in urban centers of Southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with non-adherence to physical activity recommendations using 95% confidence interval of adjusted odds ratio at P-value of < 0.05.Overall, 61.2% of participants were non-adherent to physical activity recommendations. Older age (AOR = 6.6; 95%CI (2.3-19)), female sex (AOR = 6.1; 95%CI (3.5-10.5)), lower educational status (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI (.28-0.93)), less community engagement (AOR = 2.7;95% CI (1.3-5.5)), lower level of happiness (AOR = 4.7; 95%CI (1.3-16.8)) and physical inactivity of family members (AOR = 2.5; 95%CI (1.4-4.3)) were associated with non-adherence. The prevalence of non-adherence to physical activity recommendations in the study area is high. Age, sex, educational status, community engagement, level of happiness and physical inactivity of family members were predictors of non-adherence to the recommendations. Interventions have to target females and older adults. Community participation and family based physical activity have to be advocated to avert the consequences of physical inactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabit Zenu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Endegena Abebe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Reshad
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Dessie
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Rukiya Debalke
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Berkessa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tamiru S, Dugassa M, Amsalu B, Bidira K, Bacha L, Tsegaye D. Effects of Nurse-Led diabetes Self-Management education on Self-Care knowledge and Self-Care behavior among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetes follow up clinic: A Quasi-Experimental study design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
|
11
|
Deshmane AR, Muley AS. Adherence and Barriers to Medical Nutrition Therapy and the Effect on Glycemic Control Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in India. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) has a remarkable effect on glycemic control among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. However, the extent of adherence to MNT isn't hundred percent. Therefore, we aim to determine the adherence level towards the MNT advised by a Registered Dietitian (RD); to identify the barriers and associated contributing factors and strategies to improve the compliance towards the MNT among people with Type 2 Diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among people with Type 2 Diabetes visiting the out-patient diabetes clinic from Kolhapur city, India. A structured questionnaire was used to capture the adherence and non-adherence, reasons and barriers to adhering the MNT. Out of 293 participants, 41.6% were adhering to the MNT. There was a significant association between the non working group (p = 0.01), presence of co-morbidities (p = 0.03) and diabetes duration < 10 years (p = 0.05) with the increased adherence level. Similarly, there was a significant reduction of 26.7%, 38.1%, and 30.9% in the fasting, postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c values respectively in adhering group post MNT advice. More than 50% of the participants in the adhering group gave ‘To Improve overall health’ and ‘To control sugar’ as reasons to adhere. ‘Habitual to what they eat’ (64.3%), ‘Does not satisfy hunger’ (42.1%) and ‘Lack of willpower’ (42.1%), were the common barriers identified in our study. Our study shows that the MNT advised by an RD is effective in reducing the socio-cultural barriers to adherence and improves glycemic control. Strategies like making the workplace more diabetes-friendly and adopting behavior changing techniques should be implemented to increase adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Rajesh Deshmane
- 2Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Indian Institute of Food Science and Technology, Aurangabad, India
| | - Arti S Muley
- 1Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abate TW, Tareke M, Abate S, Tegenaw A, Birhanu M, Yirga A, Tirfie M, Genanew A, Gedamu H, Ayalew E. Level of dietary adherence and determinants among type 2 diabetes population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271378. [PMID: 36215272 PMCID: PMC9550051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effect of the dietary practice is significant reduction in the risk of developing diabetes related complication. Dietary practice among type 2 diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. Up to now, in the nation, several primary observational studies have been done on dietary adherence level and its determinants among type 2 diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap. METHODS A systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization- Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles' quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion dietary adherence among type2 diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors favor to dietary adherence after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD42020149475. RESULTS We included 19 primary studies (with 6, 308 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of dietary adherence in the type 2 diabetes population was 41.05% (95% CI: 34.86-47.24, I2 = 93.1%). Educational level (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 3.29; 95%CI: 1.41-5.16; I2 = 91.1%), monthly income (POR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.41-3.52; I2 = 0.0%), and who had dietary knowledge (POR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.59-2.79; I2 = 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of dietary adherence. CONCLUSION The overall pooled proportion of dietary adherence among type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia was below half. Further works would be needed to improve dietary adherence in the type 2 diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and dietary education according to diabetes recommended dietary guideline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teshager Weldegiorgis Abate
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Minale Tareke
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Selam Abate
- Department of Health Officer, Merawi Primary Hospital, Amhara Health Bureau Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebu Tegenaw
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Minyichil Birhanu
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemshet Yirga
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Tirfie
- Department of nutrition and dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Genanew
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Haileyesus Gedamu
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Ayalew
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitiku Y, Belayneh A, Tegegne BA, Kebede B, Abebe D, Biyazin Y, Bahiru B, Abebaw A, Mengist HM, Getachew M. Prevalence of Medication Non-Adherence and Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients in A Tertiary Hospital at Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:755-764. [PMID: 35950057 PMCID: PMC9341031 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-adherence to prescribed medications is possibly the most common reason for poor treatment outcomes among people with diabetes although its rate is highly variable. Data on the magnitude of medication non-adherence and associated factors are scarce in the study area. This study aimed to assess the rate of non-adherence and associated factors among diabetic patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17 to July 17, 2021. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with a pre-tested structured questionnaire and entered into SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors of medication non-adherence at a significance level of ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 176 study participants were enrolled in the study. About 59% of the study participants had type-2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications was found to be 41.5%. Male sex, rural residence, being divorced, being merchant, self- or family-borne medical cost, and presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with increased rate of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications. Conclusion The prevalence of non-adherence to medications among diabetic patients is significantly high in the study area. Public health measures should be strengthened to decrease nonadherence among diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihunie Mitiku
- School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belayneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bantayehu Addis Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Kebede
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Dehnnet Abebe
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemgeta Biyazin
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Bahiru
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abtie Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Getachew
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Letta S, Aga F, Assebe Yadeta T, Geda B, Dessie Y. Self-care practices and correlates among patients with type 2 diabetes in Eastern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221107337. [PMID: 35784669 PMCID: PMC9244934 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the level and correlates of self-care practices among patients with type 2 diabetes on follow-up in two public hospitals in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study on adult patients with type 2 diabetes, surveying diabetes self-care practices using a 15-item Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Responses ranged from 0 to 7 days, and a composite score was computed representing the mean days of diabetes self-care practices. A generalized Poisson regression model with robust variance was used. The association between the diabetes self-care practices and correlates was examined using the incidence rate ratio with a 95% confidence level. The statistical significance was set at a p value of ⩽0.05. Results: This study included 879 patients with type 2 diabetes. The overall mean (standard deviation) diabetes self-care practices were 3.7 ± 1.1 days out of the recommended 7 days, indicating low self-care practices. After controlling for other variables, tertiary educational level (incidence rate ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.12), adequate diabetes knowledge (incidence rate ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.08), moderate (incidence rate ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.11) and high perceived self-efficacy (incidence rate ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.13) (incidence rate ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.11), high to marginal food security (incidence rate ratio = 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.24), and receiving dietary advice (incidence rate ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 1.15) were positively correlated with diabetes self-care practices. A history of hospitalization, on the other hand, was found to be inversely correlated with diabetes self-care practices (incidence rate ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.99). Conclusion: The study indicated that adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes to the recommended self-care practices was considerably low. Therefore, tailored diabetes self-management education to enhance self-efficacy and diabetes self-care practices must be in place. This can be achieved through the system or individual-based integrated intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiferaw Letta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Aga
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Biftu Geda
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Shashamene, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gosak L, Pajnkihar M, Stiglic G. The Impact of Mobile Health Use on the Self-care of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31652. [PMID: 35713944 PMCID: PMC9250066 DOI: 10.2196/31652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diseases are a substantial public health issue worldwide and affect an individual’s quality of life. Due to the alarming rise in type 2 diabetes, health care that was primarily focused on diagnosis and treatment of the disease is increasingly focused on prevention and self-care. Patients who adhere to a constant and strict treatment regimen (physical activity, diet, medication) and regularly monitor their health are more likely to maintain self-care and health, prevent the exacerbation of the disease, and avoid the complications of diabetes (retinopathy, diabetic feet, etc). In recent years, many innovative devices that have become increasingly present in inpatient health care, such as mobile apps, are available to help patients maintain consistency in monitoring their health status. Mobile apps make it easier for individuals to monitor their self-care and illness and follow instructions regarding disease control. Objective This study aims to determine the impact of mobile app use on self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. We will evaluate and test the usefulness of the forDiabetes app as a tool to improve the self-care of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods We will perform a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The study will include individuals aged over 18 years diagnosed with or have regulated type 2 diabetes who are treated in family medicine practices. Additionally, the individuals included in the study should not have any acute complications due to the consequences of type 2 diabetes. They will use an Android or iOS mobile phone and a blood glucose meter during the investigation. With the help of simple randomization, individuals will be divided into the intervention and control groups. Individuals in the intervention group will use the forDiabetes mobile app to monitor their self-care for type 2 diabetes. Individuals in the control group will not receive a particular intervention. Data will be collected using the Self-care of Diabetes Inventory questionnaire and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Blood sugar, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and weight measurements will be monitored using calibrated instruments during the study by the nurses employed at the family medicine practice. Data will be collected at the beginning of the study and after a patient visits the family medicine practice. Results In the first half of 2020, we have prepared a translation of the mobile app that will be used by the participants of the intervention group, as well as more detailed instructions for using the app. We have also prepared a translation of the questionnaires in Slovene. The research results will be published in 2023. Conclusions This research contributes to greater visibility and usability of mobile apps for the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes and raises awareness of the possible use of innovative methods. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04999189; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04999189 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31652
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Gosak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Majda Pajnkihar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Stiglic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Self-care practice and glycemic Control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a developing country: a prospective observational study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:455-461. [PMID: 35673465 PMCID: PMC9167384 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The main goal of managing diabetes is to achieve glycemic control. However, the glycemic level of most diabetic patients is shown to be poorly controlled mainly due to poor adherence to self-care practices. This study aims to assess the level of self-care practice and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a resource limited country. Methods A four-month prospective observational study was conducted among type 2 diabetes patients from February 1 to May 30, 2021. Data was collected using a data abstraction checklist and structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epidata version 4.4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Glycemic control and its predictors were determined using binary logistic regression. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 138 patients were included in the study. Nearly three-fourths (74.6%) of patients had poor glycemic control and the majority of patients had poor self-care practice. 78.3%, 98.6%, 96.4%, and 55.8% of patients had poor adherence to diet, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and medications respectively. Importantly, 85(79%), 102(75%), 99(74.4%), and 65(84.4%) patients with poor adherence to diet, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and antidiabetic medications had poor glycemic control. On multivariate logistic regression, BMI (AOR 4.1, CI:1.20-14.11, p = 0.024) and drug adherence (AOR 3.08, CI:1.22-7.08, p = 0.017) were factors associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusions A higher proportion of patients had low-level of self-care practice and poor glycemic control. This highlights the need to improve patients' awareness about the importance of self-care practice to maintain good glycemic control and prevent adverse outcomes associated with the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00995-4.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gemeda ST, Woldemariam ZB. Assessment of self-care practice amongst patients with type II diabetes attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:132. [PMID: 35578229 PMCID: PMC9112547 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is almost no published data on the assessment of self-management practice among adult type II diabetes patients in Ethiopia. Hence, we aim to assess the level of self-management practice for people with type II diabetes patients attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. METHOD The study was conducted from April 1 to August 30, 2021 in type II diabetes mellitus patients at Adama Hospital Medical College. The survey was performed using the diabetes mellitus self-Management questionnaire, which consists of four domains Physical activity, Physician contact, Medication adherence, glucose management and dietary management of the patients. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics was performed. Fisher's Exact Test was used to determine the presence of association between adherence to self-care behavior and other variables. P-value less than 0.05 determines statistical significance. RESULT Majority (63.4%) of respondents do not perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Out of a total of 93 participants, 48 (51.6%) respondents adhered to insulin therapy. Sixty-two (66.7%) adhered to recommended diet management practice, 57 (61.3%) did not adhere to physical activity recommendations and 59 (63.5%) participants adhered to overall self-care practice (DMSQ). CONCLUSION Although the importance of self-care practices in the management of diabetes were recognized to be useful and effective for achieving glycemic control and preventing serious diabetes complications, our study found that most patients had not adhered to self-care practice especially in terms of SMBG and physical activity. Overall (DSMQ) adherence to self-care practice was optimal amongst type II diabetes patients in AHMC Chronic care unit.
Collapse
|
18
|
Taye M, Shiferaw K, Efrem P, Tarekegn G. Knowledge of the Therapeutic Goals of Diabetes Care among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:587-596. [PMID: 35813686 PMCID: PMC9214738 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A comprehensive cardiovascular risk control reduces diabetes-associated complications but achieving the triplet goals (blood glucose, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)) remains a clinical challenge. Patients' knowledge of these diabetes therapeutic goals has been shown to improve glycemic control. However, this is not well studied in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2020 in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among randomly selected 419 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. A multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted to identify determinants of knowledge. Results The mean age (±SD) of study participants was 57.4 (±10.8) years and the median duration (IQR) of diabetes was 12 (7, 20) years. A quarter of them achieved fasting glycemic control, a fifth of them attained the A1c goal and only 3% achieved the triple targets. Patients who reported knowing their target goals for BP, fasting blood sugar (FBS), A1C, and LDL-C were 79.5, 77.3, 11.7, and 7.2% respectively. The factors associated with knowledge of the therapeutic goals were longer diabetes duration, increased household income, age, being divorced as compared to married, having no formal education, and primary education. Conclusion The majority of participants knew their BP and FBS targets while only a minority understood their A1c and LDL-C targets. It highlighted the need for the provision of patient-centered diabetes education to improve knowledge of the therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Taye
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kehabtimer Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paulos Efrem
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Tarekegn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abera RG, Demesse ES, Boko WD. Evaluation of glycemic control and related factors among outpatients with type 2 diabetes at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:54. [PMID: 35249547 PMCID: PMC8898656 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goals of glycemic management for patients with diabetes are to prevent or delay complications and optimize quality of life. However, in clinical practice, the recommended glycemic control target is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that influence the outcomes of glycemia to improve the quality of diabetic management. The study aimed to evaluate the level and factors associated with glycemic control among type 2 diabetic outpatients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected 325 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended diabetic clinics at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and diabetes-related information from March 1 to May 30, 2021. HbA1c was used to assess glycemic control according to the HbA1c target of < 7% ('good' control) as recommended by the American Diabetes Association for non-pregnant adults. The HbA1c level in the range of 7-8% was defined as 'inadequate' control and 'poor' at levels > 8%. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS v26. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. RESULTS The median level of HbA1c of the participants was 8.4% (IQR 6.8-10.1). And approximately three-quarters (73.8%) of the patients had inadequate and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Older age (AOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.28-6.01), DM duration of > 10 years (AOR: 3.15, 95% CI: 2.22-6.54), insulin therapy (AOR: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.10-6.12), poor diet compliance (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.28-3.52) and failure to set goals for glycemic control (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.17-5.97) were factors associated with inadequate and poor glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that a significant number of diabetic patients had inadequate and poor glycemic control levels. And this was associated with older age, longer duration of DM, insulin therapy, poor diet compliance, and failure to set control goals. This requires a focus on the associated factors identified and tailored management mechanisms to maintain good glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodas Getachew Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Eyouel Shimeles Demesse
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wako Dedecha Boko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmed MA, Ferede YM, Takele WW. Incidence and predictors of chronic kidney disease in type-II diabetes mellitus patients attending at the Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia: A follow-up study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263138. [PMID: 35081168 PMCID: PMC8791503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the severest form of kidney disease characterized by poor filtration. The magnitude of chronic kidney disease is trending upward in the last few years linked with the rapidly escalating cases of non-communicable chronic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about when this problem may occur, the incidence as well as predictors of chronic kidney disease among type-II diabetes mellitus patients. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the incidence, time to the occurrence, and predictors of chronic kidney disease in type-II diabetic patients attending the Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia. METHODS A retrospective follow-up study was conducted involving 415 participants with type-II diabetes mellitus that enrolled in the chronic follow-up from 2012 to 2017. Multivariable shared Frailty Weibull (Gamma) survival model was employed considering the hospitals as a clustering variable. Model fitness was checked by both the Akaike information criteria (AIC) and log-likelihood. Factors having a p-value of ≤0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were considered to enter the multivariable model. Variables that had a p-value of <0.05 with its corresponding 95% confidence level were deemed to be significant predictors of chronic kidney disease. RESULTS The overall cumulative incidence of chronic kidney disease was 10.8% [95%; CI: 7.7-14.0%] with a median occurrence time of 5 years. The annual incidence rate was 193/10,000 [95%; CI: 144.28-258.78]. Having cardiovascular disease/s [AHR = 3.82; 95%CI: 1.4470-10.1023] and hypercholesterolemia [AHR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.3323-8.2703] were predictors of chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION One out of every ten diabetic patients experienced chronic kidney disease. The median time to develop chronic kidney disease was five years. Hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases have escalated the hazard of developing CKD. Thus, health promotion and education of diabetic patients to optimize cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease is recommended to limit the occurrence of this life-threatening disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medina Abdela Ahmed
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Mulu Ferede
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Worku Takele
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bogale B, Habte A, Haile D, Guteta M, Mohammed N, Gebremichael MA. Willingness to Receive mHealth Messages Among Diabetic Patients at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital: Implications for Digital Health. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1499-1509. [PMID: 35769337 PMCID: PMC9234188 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing access and use of mobile technology provide new tools for diabetic care and management. Mobile-based technology (mHealth) is considered as a useful tool to deliver healthcare services as a makeshift alternative for consultations and follow-up of diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to scrutinize the willingness to receive mHealth messages and its associated factors among diabetic patients at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among two hundred thirty-three diabetic patients. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Epidata manager and SPSS software were used to enter and analyze the data, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the independent factors associated with patients' willingness to receive mHealth messages. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-three patients participated in this study with a 95% response rate. Majority of the patients (213, 91.4%) had a mobile phone. Among those who had mobile phones, 59.1%, (95% CI: 48-64) of patients were willing to receive mHealth messages from providers, if they were offered the opportunity. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, monthly income >3000 ETB (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI (1.36-3.81)), owning smartphone (AOR = 3.85; 95% CI (1.67-4.89)), internet access in their mobile phone (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI (1.42-4.61)), perceived usefulness (AOR = 4.66; 95% CI (2.38-6.83)) and perceived ease to use (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI (1.57-5.46)) were identified as significant factors associated with diabetic patients' willingness to receive mHealth messages. CONCLUSION A high proportion of patients who had mobile phones were willing to receive mHealth messages. Monthly income, type of mobile phone, access to the internet on the mobile phone, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness were associated with willingness to receive mHealth messages. Therefore, focusing on these factors could provide insight for designing and implementing mHealth messages for diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Bogale
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Biruk Bogale, Email /
| | - Aklilu Habte
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Haile
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mirresa Guteta
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Nuredin Mohammed
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kwanjo Banda C, Gombachika BT, Nyirenda MJ, Muula AS. Self-management and its associated factors among people living with diabetes in Blantyre, Malawi: a cross-sectional study. AAS Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12992.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-management is key to the control of glycaemia and prevention of complications in people with diabetes. Many people with diabetes in Malawi have poorly controlled glucose and they experience diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to assess diabetes self-management behaviours and to identify factors associated with it among people with diabetes at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 510 adults attending a diabetes clinic at a teaching referral hospital in southern Malawi. The social cognitive theory was applied to identify factors associated with following all recommended self-management behaviours. Data on participants’ demographics, clinical history, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social support, environmental barriers and diabetes self-management were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with following all self-management behaviours. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.6 (SD 13.3) years. The majority (82%) were females. Self-reported medication adherence within the last seven days was 88.6%; 77% reported being physically active for at least 30 minutes on more than three days in the previous seven days; 69% reported checking their feet every day and inspecting inside their shoes; 58% reported following a healthy diet regularly. Only 33% reported following all the self-management behaviours regularly. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the only social cognitive factor associated with following all the self-management practices (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Participants in our study were not consistently achieving all self-management practices with dietary practices being the least adhered to behaviour by many. To improve self-management practices of people with diabetes, current health education programs should not only aim at improving diabetes related knowledge but also self-efficacy. Adopting interventions that promote self-efficacy in diabetes patients such as exposure to role models, peer education, providing positive feedback, and counselling is recommended.
Collapse
|
23
|
Isworo A, Sari Y, Sumeru A, Nuriya N. Barriers in Diabetes Self-management: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Nurses in Primary Health Centers, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nurses play an essential role, including being the main educator of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is necessary to reduce the barriers faced by nurses in managing patients’ self-management.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers faced by nurses in managing the self-management of DM patients.
METHODS: This research is a qualitative-research with a phenomenological approach. The recruitment of participants used a purposive sampling method, which was divided into two Focus Group Discussion (FGD) groups: the first group consisted of five nurses from the urban health center and the second group consisted of five nurses from the suburban area. The FGD was conducted twice for each group: 90 min for the first and 45 min for the second. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis.
RESULTS: This study resulted in two themes, namely, internal barriers within the patient and external barriers outside the patient. The barriers from within the patient theme had five subthemes including (1) fear of being exposed to the disease and stigma associated with diabetes, (2) fear and distrust of health cadres, (3) low self-awareness and feeling healthy so not seeking treatment, (4) lack of responsibility for diabetes self-management practices, and (5) time issues. The second theme of barriers external to the patients included three subthemes that were (1) limited manpower, (2) limited facilities and funds, and (3) a lot of programs or activities.
CONCLUSION: Nurses faced external barriers that arise from the puskesmas and internal barriers within the patient.
Collapse
|
24
|
Azharuddin M, Adil M, Sharma M, Gyawali B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication: Evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14717. [PMID: 34378293 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication is an important cause of uncontrolled blood glucose that leads to complications of diabetes. However, there is a lack of evidence on the burden of and factors associated with non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication among individuals living with diabetes in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review and meta-analytic synthesis aims to estimate non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication reported among individuals in LMICs and explores factors affecting non-adherence. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies investigating non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications published from January 2000 to May 2020. Two authors carried out study selection, screening, and data extraction independently. Cross-sectional studies that had been conducted among individuals with diabetes in LMICs were eligible for the selection process. Critical appraisal of the included studies was carried out using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was carried out using Stata 14.2. Random effects model was used to compute the pooled proportion at a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 13 studies were used in meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was 43.4% (95% CI: 17.5-69.4; P < 0.001) and 29.1% (95% CI: 19.8-38.4; P < 0.001) when using the cut-off at 80 or 90%. The pooled proportion of non-adherence was 29.5% (95% CI: 25.5-33.5; P = .098) when using the four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). Using the World Health Organization (WHO) five dimensions of medication adherence framework, the factors contributing to non-adherence were varied, including disease factors, therapy-related factors, healthcare system factor, patient-centred factors, and socio-economic factors. CONCLUSIONS Non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication remains an ongoing challenge in LMICs and several factors operating at different levels were cited as reasons. Comprehensive intervention strategies are urgently needed to address these factors in effectively tackling medication non-adherence in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Azharuddin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Adil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chin YF, Huang TT, Yu HY, Yang HM, Hsu BRS. Factors related to hospital-to-home transitional self-monitoring blood glucose behaviour among patients with diabetes-related foot ulcer. Int J Nurs Pract 2021; 27:e12950. [PMID: 33915598 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the factors related to hospital-to-home transitional self-monitoring blood glucose behaviour among patients with diabetes-related foot ulcer. BACKGROUND The 30-day readmission rate of patients with diabetes-related foot ulcer can be reduced when good glycaemic control is achieved. The practice of self-monitoring blood glucose promotes optimal glycaemic control. DESIGN A comparative descriptive study. METHODS In this study, 200 participants, who had been hospitalized due to diabetes-related foot ulcer, were recruited from August 2017 to July 2018. Before participants were discharged from the hospital, psychosocial factors (family support, threat belief, self-efficacy and knowledge) and pre-hospitalization self-monitoring blood glucose behaviour were collected using a structured questionnaire. Then, after discharge, self-monitoring blood glucose behaviour delivery was collected again. RESULTS Five variables explained 47% of the variance in the delivery of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home. The delivery of hospital-to-home transitional self-monitoring blood glucose behaviour was more likely for individuals with higher pre-discharge self-efficacy, higher post-discharge self-efficacy, more attention to pre-hospitalization glycaemic status and post-discharge insulin usage and those without an insensitive foot. CONCLUSION Self-monitoring blood-glucose behaviour should be promoted among post-discharge patients with diabetes-related foot ulcer. The modifiable factors identified in this study can be integrated into the discharge plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Fan Chin
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Yu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Child Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Brend Ray-Sea Hsu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shukla AK, Shrivash MK, Pandey A, Pandey J. Synthesis, in vitro and computational studies of novel glycosyl-1, 2, 3-1H-triazolyl methyl benzamide derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104687. [PMID: 33601140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel glycosyl-1,2,3-1H-triazolyl methyl benzamide analogues were synthesized by the unambiguous strategy and evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Glycosyl benzamide exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. The In-vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity results indicated that all the synthesized triazolyl methyl benzamide compounds (IC50 values ranging from 25.3 ± 0.8 to 118.5 ± 5.3 μM) exhibited more inhibitory activity in comparison with the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 12.5 μM). Among all, the 3 deacetylated glycosyl methyl benzamide derivatives (4c, 4d and 4f) showed promising α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activities with IC50 value 25.3 ± 0.8, 26.1 ± 1.5 and 30.6 ± 2.1 respectively. Furthermore, these compounds were subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The molecular docking studies were performed between (PDB ID: 3A4A) target protein and these synthesized molecules. The compounds displayed good docking energies in the range of -7.5 to -7.8 Kcal/mol. This work could be used as an initial approach in identifying potential novel molecules with the promising activity of type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Shrivash
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute Information Technology Allahabad, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, JNU, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anwesh Pandey
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, JNU, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyoti Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krzemińska S, Lomper K, Chudiak A, Ausili D, Uchmanowicz I. The association of the level of self-care on adherence to treatment in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:437-445. [PMID: 33251559 PMCID: PMC8053648 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to assess the impact of self-care on adherence to treatment in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and effect of complex interaction of social, lifestyle, economic, environmental and behavioural. METHODS The study was carried out between June 2018 and May 2019 on 324 patients (162 females, 162 males) with type 2 diabetes. To measure the levels of self-care, the Self-Care of Diabetes Index (SCODI) questionnaire was used. Adherence to treatment was assessed with the Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS). RESULTS The highest scores of health behaviour were on the subscale of adherence with the mean value of 68.37, and the lowest results on the subscale of blood sugar self-monitoring, with the mean of 56.05. We found that low adherence to treatment was present in 52.47% of respondents, the moderate level in 39.20%, while only 8.33% of patients showed the high level. There were significant positive correlations between the ACDS and SCODI subscales (p < 0.05): self-care maintenance (0.436), self-care management (0.413), self-care monitoring (0.384), and self-care confidence (0.453). CONCLUSIONS Self-care affects on adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. The higher self-efficacy in each of the areas of functioning, the higher the level of adherence to treatment. We found that demographic variables such as female sex, education and employment status can influence self-care in managing chronic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Krzemińska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lomper
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Chudiak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Davide Ausili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Izabella Uchmanowicz
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Self-care practice and its predictors among adults with diabetes mellitus on follow up at public hospitals of Arsi zone, southeast Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:102. [PMID: 33741022 PMCID: PMC7977254 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that requires ongoing patient self-management and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long- term complications. The objective of the study was to assess diabetic self-care practice and its predictors among adults with diabetes mellitus on follow up at hospitals of Arsi zone, southeast Ethiopia. Results Above half (53.3%) of diabetic patients had good self-care practice. Younger age (AOR: 8.95, 95% CI 1.89,42.48), earning a high income (AOR: 2.495, 95% CI 1.0,5.85), having a family history of diabetes (AOR: 4.5, 95% CI 1.3, 15.5), long duration since the diagnosis of diabetes (AOR: 2.14,95% CI 1.127,4.05), not having diabetic complications (AOR: 3.87, 95% CI 2, 7.48), and having glucometer (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI 1.78 l, 9.33) were significantly associated factors with good diabetic self care practice. Efforts should be made to prevent complications of diabetes mellitus, to support patients who are aged and who have no glucometer at their home to promote good self-care practice. Particularly, health care providers should give special attention to newly diagnosed patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abate TW, Dessie G, Workineh Y, Gedamu H, Birhanu M, Ayalew E, Tirfie M, Endalamaw A. Non-adherence to self-care and associated factors among diabetes adult population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245862. [PMID: 33566861 PMCID: PMC7875372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care practice among people with diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. So far, in Ethiopia, several observational studies have been done on self-care practice and its determinants in people with diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap. METHODS A systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles' quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care practice in people with diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors hindering to self-care practice after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD 42020149478. RESULTS We included 21 primary studies (with 7,134 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care in the diabetes population was 49.91 (95% CI: 44.73-55.08, I2 = 89.8%). Male (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 1.84 95%CI; 1.04-2.64, I2 = 15.0%), having private glucometer (POR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.46-3.95, I2 = 0.0%), short-term Diabetes Mellitus (DM) duration (POR: 3.69; 95%CI: 1.86-5.52, I2 = 0.0%), DM complication (POR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.48-2.95, I2 = 0.0%), treatment satisfaction (POR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.15-2.44, I2 = 0.0%), received diabetes self-management education (POR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.46-3.95, I2 = 0.0%) and poor self-efficacy (POR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.70-4.48, I2 = 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of non-adherence to self-care practice. CONCLUSIONS The overall pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care among adult diabetes in Ethiopia was high. Further works would be needed to improve self-care practice in the diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and each domain of self-care practice according to diabetes self-management guideline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teshager Weldegiorgis Abate
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Getenet Dessie
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yinager Workineh
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Haileyesus Gedamu
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Minyichil Birhanu
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Ayalew
- Department of adult health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Tirfie
- Department of nutrition and dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yao J, Wang H, Yan J, Shao D, Sun Q, Yin X. Understanding the Profiles of Blood Glucose Monitoring Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shandong, China. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:399-409. [PMID: 33654385 PMCID: PMC7910106 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s292086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood glucose monitoring is essential in diabetic care and management. Monitoring using glucometers in home and in laboratories by professionals in certain health institutes were the common methods of blood glucose monitoring in clinical practice. This study aimed to characterize the profiles of blood glucose monitoring in the view of the discrepancy in methods and frequency conducted by the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China, and to explore factors influencing the profiles. METHODS A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted in Shandong province, China, with a multi-stage stratified sampling. A total of 2166 T2DM patients completed the structured questionnaires about the real-world status of blood glucose monitoring and other questions composed of demographic and clinical characteristic as well as the diabetes-related cognitive scales. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify the underlying profiles of blood glucose monitoring based on self-reported frequency of blood glucose monitoring through different methods. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the characteristics of the profiles and to explore the factors associated with it. RESULTS Among the 2166 participants, the mean frequency of blood glucose monitoring was 2.77 times (standard deviation: 7.67) per month. LPA indicated that five-class model was the best solution for classifying the latent groups of blood glucose monitoring: Class 1 "Low frequency in all", Class 2 "High frequency in hospitals", Class 3 "High frequency in primary health institutes", Class 4 "High frequency in pharmacies", and Class 5 "High frequency in self-monitoring". The proportions of the patients in class 1, class 2, class 3, class 4, and class 5 were 88.1% (n=1909), 1.3% (n=28), 3.1% (n=67), 6.1% (n=133) and 1.3% (n=29), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that participants who had higher income (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04~2.41, p<0.05), had diabetes complication(s) (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.03~1.02, p=0.03) and had a good knowledge of blood glucose control (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.17~2.16, p<0.01) were more likely to have high frequency of blood glucose monitoring (in class 2, 3, 4, 5), and the rural patients were less likely to had high frequency of blood glucose monitoring (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.35~0.63, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Low frequency dominates the characteristics of the profiles of blood glucose monitoring among T2DM patients in China, though distinct blood glucose monitoring groups can be identified by LPA. Educational and financial supports were recommended to increase the frequency of blood glucose monitoring in patients with T2DM, focusing on the patients with low socioeconomic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Yao
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Shao
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yin
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiao Yin Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barrett-Brown P, McGrowder D, Ragoobirsingh D. Diabetes education—Cornerstone in management of diabetes mellitus in Jamaica. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract><sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among Caribbean populations. Ideal glycemic control can be attained when patients adhere to self-management behaviors such as consistent monitoring of blood glucose (BG) levels, staying physically active, taking medications, and eating a healthy diet.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Aim</title>
<p>The present study has the following aims: (1) to assess knowledge of self-care and the initiative of type 2 diabetic patients in medication compliance, making suitable food choices, regular physical exercise and BG monitoring, (2) to evaluate diabetic patient self-management by adhering to instructions of healthcare provider in attaining outcomes such as medication adherence, appropriate food choices, prescribed physical exercise, and self-monitoring of BG levels and determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at clinic visits and (3) to determine whether there are associations between BG control (glucose and HbA1 levels) and sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, education, employment status) as well as knowledge of self-care and the number of years persons had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Method</title>
<p>The study is a cross-sectional study that utilized a quantitative methodology. The study population consisted of 101 T2DM patients. The researchers used a 12-point interviewer administered questionnaire to solicit information on socio-demographics, knowledge of self-care, and self-management of T2DM, including physical activity and selecting appropriate food choices, and evidence of glycemic control, such as HbA1c and random blood glucose (RBG) levels. Researchers analyzed the data using SPSS version 17.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Authors applied an analytical statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The findings revealed that 90.1% of respondents indicated that they knew how to take their medications. Results also indicated that there was no association of knowledge of self-care with the number of years persons had T2DM. Among the total respondents, 53.5% had poor compliance to prescribed medication, and women were 1.2 times more likely not to comply with medication. In addition, 65.3% of respondents reported poor compliance with physical exercise and 81.2% of respondents indicated poor compliance in self-monitoring BG.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The findings from this study reveal that the majority of patients with T2DM knew how to take their medications. However, compliance with physical exercise and self-monitoring BG were less than satisfactory. Didactic interventions focusing on the acquisition of knowledge and information will empower patients and improve their self-care and management.</p>
</sec></abstract>
Collapse
|
32
|
Degefa G, Wubshet K, Tesfaye S, Hirigo AT. Predictors of Adherence Toward Specific Domains of Diabetic Self-Care Among Type-2 Diabetes Patients. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 13:1179551420981909. [PMID: 33424232 PMCID: PMC7755941 DOI: 10.1177/1179551420981909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate knowledge, awareness, and adherence to diabetic self-care practices are vital tools to protect patients from risks of disease complications, developing comorbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess specific domains of diabetic self-care practice and associated factors among patients with type-2diabetes in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama regional state. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 217 patients with type 2 diabetes from January 01 to April 30, 2020. A structured questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) tool were used to collect relevant data through interviewer administration. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. RESULTS A total of 207 patients with type-2 diabetes were participated in the study with a 95% response rate. Overall 47.8% (95%CI: 41.2-55) of patients adhered to diabetic self-care practice. Concerning the specific domain of self-care practice, 54.6%, 39.1%, 28%, and 65.2% of patients adhered to a healthy diet, physical exercise, self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG), and diabetic foot care practices, respectively. Besides, all patients received at least 80% of the prescribed doses and frequency of anti-diabetic agents and 60.4% had good glycemic control. Receipt of advice from treating physicians and having no familial history of diabetes were significantly associated with adherence toward eating a healthy diet, diabetic foot care, and SMBG. While male sex was associated with adherence toward healthy diet management. Moreover, having glucometer, age, male sex, diabetes duration ⩾ 5 years, and anti-diabetic treatment modality were associated with adherence toward SMBG. CONCLUSION This study indicates 52.2%, 72%, and 60.1% of diabetes patients did not adhere to diabetic self-care, SMBG, and physical exercise, respectively. Improving awareness and regular diabetic education is imperative to scale up patients' adherence toward diabetic self-care practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girma Degefa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Wubshet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Tesfaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| | - Agete Tadewos Hirigo
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gebre SZ, Zegeye B, Taderegew MM. Self-Care Practice and Associated Factors Among Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus in Northeast Ethiopia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1817-1826. [PMID: 33293824 PMCID: PMC7719309 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s288200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Self-care practices in diabetes patients are crucial to keep the illness under managed and prevent complications. Despite this, relatively little information is available regarding the level of self-care practice and associated factors among individuals with diabetes mellitus in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess self-care practice and its associated factors among individuals with diabetes mellitus in Deber Berhan referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Patients and Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 diabetes mellitus patients from May 1 to June 30, 2020. The data were collected using a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.4.1.0 and finally exported into SPSS-24 software for analysis. To identify the predictor of self-care practice, binary logistic regression analysis was done. The result of the analysis was presented in a crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. All tests were two-sided, and P ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results About 181 (44.7%) of participants had good self-care practice. On a multivariate logistic regression analysis, educational status of the participants (with no formal education (AOR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.03–0.42), can read and write (AOR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.07–0.75), and secondary school (AOR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.88)), type 1 DM (AOR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.79), family history of DM (AOR=3.71, 95% CI: 1.37–10.07), and treatment satisfaction (AOR=4.41, 95% CI: 1.52–8.59) were significantly associated with self-care practice. Conclusion More than half of the respondents had poor self-care practices. Educational status, types of DM, family history of DM, and treatment satisfaction were the predictors of self-care practices among individuals with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sine Zewde Gebre
- Emergency Department, Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit, Ethiopia
| | - Mitku Mammo Taderegew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kundury KK, Hathur B. Intervention through Short Messaging System (SMS) and phone call alerts reduced HbA1C levels in ~47% type-2 diabetics-results of a pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241830. [PMID: 33201926 PMCID: PMC7671489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite extensive research and newer methods of interventions, the incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate. Currently, according to world health organization (WHO) statistics, 422 million individuals are suffering from diabetes worldwide. In India, recent estimates have reported a significant increase in the number of diabetics in the last decade. Poor dietary habits, minimal adherence to treatment regimens, lack of timely education are some of the contributing factors for increasing incidence and huge economic burden; which can be handled by life style behavior modifications backed up by hand holding through continuous education. Prior studies have demonstrated the efficacy of various self-management tools and educational programs in better disease management behaviors among individuals with diabetes. Among various self-management tools, educating the individuals and alerting them using mobile phone calls and short messaging system (SMS) are widely accepted due to (a) the increasing mobile phone users and (b) availability of short messaging systems in local languages in the recent years. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to determine the benefit of educating patients through phone calls and SMS in the self-management of diabetes. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to determine the feasibility and utility of SMS and phone call-based interventions in the management of diabetes by comparing the HbA1c values. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted for a period of 14 months from December 2017 till Feb 2019. Out of 380 individuals initially enrolled into the study, 120 had completed the 14-months period. Diabetes education through SMS and phone calls was provided on regular basis, and HbA1C levels at baseline, 8-months and 14-months quantified. In addition, feedback on patients' satisfaction and utility of the SMS / Phone calls was collected using questionnaires. RESULTS Data from our study demonstrated that after 8-months of intervention through phone calls, a significant increase in the number of individuals with HbA1c in the range of 5.1 to 7.0 was observed (from 27 individuals at base line to 37 individuals after 8-months intervention). Much more significant improvement in the number of individuals with lower HbA1c was observed at 14-months of intervention, indicating the benefit of regular phone call-based system in managing diabetes. A Chi square (χ2) test was performed to examine if the frequencies in the cells varied at baseline and at 8 and 14 months. CONCLUSION Chronic diseases like diabetes needs awareness and education to patients in adopting disease self-management practices. As mobile phone users are increasing in number, providing diabetes management education through mobile phone intervention could be a viable strategy for controlling diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanakavalli K. Kundury
- Department of Health System Management Studies, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Patient Care Management (SIG-PCM), Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavanagowdappa Hathur
- Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College & Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Patient Care Management (SIG-PCM), JSS AHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Araya EM, Gebrezgabiher HA, Tekulu GH, Alema NM, Getnet D, Gebru HT, Adamu BA. Medication Non-Adherence and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients Visiting General Hospitals in the Eastern Zone of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:2071-2083. [PMID: 33154631 PMCID: PMC7605964 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s278148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication non-adherence is a major public health problem among diabetes mellitus patients. However, there is a lack of data regarding its magnitude and the factors contributing to Ethiopia's non-adherence, especially in the Tigrai region. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of non-adherence and its contributing factors among diabetes mellitus patients in the Eastern Zone of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat and Wukro General Hospitals using a pre-tested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire developed from the relevant literature and a checklist developed to review patient medical cards for the period of the 15th of March to the 15th of July, 2019. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Association between the dependent and the independent variable was performed using logistic regression and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS From a total of 321 study participants, 63.9% of the patients were non-adherent to their medications. Two-month dose issued on each visit (AOR = 2.865, 95% CI 1.380-5.949), dose issued for more than three months (AOR = 4.314, 95% CI 1.526-12.195), monthly income below 500 birr (AOR = 5.048, 95% CI 2.094-12.168), monthly income between 500 and 2000 birr (AOR = 2.593, 95% CI 1.032-6.517), distance greater than 24 kilometers from hospital to home (AOR = 10.091, 95% CI 3.509-29.020), more than four prescribed medications per visit (AOR=7.192, 95% CI= 2.171-23.824), never receiving counseling (AOR=22.334, 95% CI= 9.270-53.810), and diabetes-related admission (AOR=0.248, 95% CI= 0.078-0.789) were significantly associated with patients' non-adherence to diabetes mellitus medications. CONCLUSION The level of diabetic medication adherence was suboptimal, and our study highlights that better monthly earning, nearby health-care accessibility, fewer prescribed medication, and getting appropriate counseling about diabetes mellitus were predictive of adherence to medications. Hence, an urgent intervention targeting the development of guidelines that involve these determinates should be employed to improve health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | | | - Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Meles Alema
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Getnet
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hirut Teame Gebru
- Department of Public Health, Colleges of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Betelhem Anteneh Adamu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Asante E, Bam V, Diji AKA, Lomotey AY, Owusu Boateng A, Sarfo-Kantanka O, Oparebea Ansah E, Adjei D. Pilot Mobile Phone Intervention in Promoting Type 2 Diabetes Management in an Urban Area in Ghana: A Randomized Controlled Trial. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2020; 46:455-464. [PMID: 32998649 DOI: 10.1177/0145721720954070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a nurse-led mobile phone call intervention on glycemic management and adherence to self-management practices among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ghana. METHODS This was a pilot randomized controlled trial to compare diabetes care as usual to a mobile phone call intervention delivered by nurses in addition to care as usual over a 12-week period in a tertiary referral hospital in Ghana. Sixty patients with T2DM were randomized to either the intervention or the control arm. The intervention group received up to 16 mobile phone calls (mean duration = 12 minutes) from a diabetes specialist nurse in addition to their care as usual. The control group received only care as usual. The primary outcome was the change in A1C over the 12-week period. The secondary outcomes were changes in self-reported adherence to medication and diabetes self-management measures over the 12-week period. RESULTS Mean baseline A1C was comparable between the intervention and control groups (9.54%, SD = 2.00% vs 9.07%, SD = 1.72%, P = .334). After 12 weeks, A1C was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. The difference in mean A1C in the control group rose by +0.26 ± 1.30% (P = .282; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.75), whereas that of the intervention group reduced by -1.51 ± 2.67% (P = .004; 95% CI, -2.51 to -0.51). No improvements in self-management were recorded in the control group. In the intervention group, however, the only significant improvement was recorded in the area of foot care practices. Participant recruitment and retention were 100% without any attrition. About 87% (n = 26) of the intervention group completed at least 70% (≥11) of the calls. At the end of the trial, participants who received the intervention rated their satisfaction as 89.3% on average. CONCLUSION A mobile phone follow-up call by nurses emphasizing adherence to self-management practices is feasible and can improve short- to medium-term glycemic management among patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Asante
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Victoria Bam
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Adjei
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oluma A, Mosisa G, Abadiga M, Tsegaye R, Habte A, Abdissa E. Predictors of Adherence to Self-Care Behavior Among Patients with Diabetes at Public Hospitals in West Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3277-3288. [PMID: 33061490 PMCID: PMC7520154 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s266589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a typical chronic disease that needs integrated and multifaceted approaches. Self-care practices are fundamental to achieve good blood glucose control and prevent long-term complications. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the level and predictors of adherence to self-care behavior among patients with diabetes on follow-up at public hospitals of western Ethiopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 423 diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals of western Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was employed. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. All variables significant at p-value <0.05 in the bivariable were entered in multivariate regression analysis. Backward stepwise goodness of fit was used to ascertain the suitable variables in multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, multivariate linear regression analysis with adjusted B, CI at 95%, and the significance level was set at p <0.05. All predictive variables were reported in terms of adjusted R2. RESULTS The overall mean and standard deviation of adherence to self-care behavior was 23.09 ±6.55. Among the study participants, 42.70% had good self-care behavior. Self-efficacy (B=0.106, p<0.001), home blood glucose test (B=0.075, p<0.001), exercise per week (0.035, P<0.002), meal planning (B=0.039, P<0.001), dietary restriction (B=0.077, P<0.001), duration of diabetes<4 years (B=0.030, P<0.013), non-pharmacological intervention (B=0.055, P<0.011), and good appetite (B=0.039, P<0.045) were significant variables associated with adherence to self-care behaviors. CONCLUSION The overall level of adherence to self-care behavior was low. Therefore, we recommended that it is better if the national health policymaker focused on dietary management modality that engages patients' behavior change to develop self-care practices and closely monitoring of glucose level. Also, we recommended an additional longitudinal study incorporating a qualitative study that focused on behavioral changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Oluma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Mosisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Muktar Abadiga
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Tsegaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Habte
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Eba Abdissa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alyami M, Serlachius A, Mokhtar I, Broadbent E. The association of illness perceptions and God locus of health control with self-care behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Health Psychol Behav Med 2020; 8:329-348. [PMID: 34040875 PMCID: PMC8114366 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2020.1805322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the associations between illness perceptions, God locus of health control (GLHC) beliefs, and self-care behaviours in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 115 adults with T2D in a Saudi Arabian diabetes clinic. Illness perceptions, GLHC beliefs, and self-care behaviours were assessed using the Arabic versions of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, God Locus of Health Control, and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Logistic and linear regressions were conducted. Results: Greater perceptions of personal control (OR = 2.07, p = .045) and diet effectiveness (OR = 2.73, p = .037) were associated with higher odds of adhering to general diet. Greater perceptions of diet effectiveness (β = 0.27, p = .034) and better understanding of T2D (β = 0.54, p < .001) were significant independent predictors of fruit and vegetables intake and exercise respectively. Patients with lower GLHC beliefs (OR = 4.40, p = .004) had higher odds of adhering to foot care than those with higher GLHC beliefs. Illness perceptions and GLHC beliefs did not predict adherence to a low-fat diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose, or not smoking. Conclusion: Greater perceptions of personal control, coherence, diet effectiveness, and lower GLHC beliefs were associated with higher adherence to self-care behaviours in Saudi patients with T2D. Interventions designed to promote self-care behaviours in Saudi patients with T2D could focus on addressing these perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alyami
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ibrahim Mokhtar
- Ministry of Health, Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, King Khaled Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Broadbent
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dessie G, Wagnew F, Mulugeta H, Belachew A, Negesse A, Kassa GM, Habtewold TD, Parchinski K. Association Between the Level of Reported Good Medication Adherence and the Geographic Location of a Patient's Residence and Presence of a Glucometer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes in Ethiopia: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2020; 92:100585. [PMID: 32714468 PMCID: PMC7378857 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven thousand seven hundred fifty-six participants were included for the final analysis. Reported good medication adherence among adult diabetic patients in Ethiopia was 68.59%. Reported good medication adherence among adult diabetic patients in regions was 67.81%. Reported good medication adherence among adult diabetic patients in Addis Ababa was 70.37%. Presence of glucometer at home has positive association with reported good medication adherence among adult diabetic patients.
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide that was estimated to have affected the lives of 425 million people globally in 2017. The prevalence and mortality rates of DM have increased rapidly in low- and middle-income countries with an estimated 2.6 million cases of DM occurring in Ethiopia alone in 2015. Objective Considering that Ethiopia is undergoing an epidemiological transition, it is increasingly important to understand the significant influence DM has on Ethiopians annually. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing studies were conducted to better understand the factors that are associated with DM medication adherence across Ethiopia and to elucidate areas for further studies. Methods Studies were retrieved through search engines in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies was used to assess the critical appraisal of the included studies. Random effects model was used to estimate the association between the level of medication adherence and the geographic location of a patient's residence and presence of a glucometer at 95% CI with its respective odds ratio. Meta-regression was also used to identify the potential source of heterogeneity. Beggs and Egger tests were performed to determine publication bias. Subgroup analyses, based on the study area, were also performed. Results A total of 1046 articles were identified through searching, of which 19 articles representing 7756 participants were included for the final analysis stage. Reported good medication adherence among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia was 68.59% (95% CI, 62.00%–75.18%). Subgroup analysis was performed, and the pooled estimate of reported good medication adherence among these patients in regions outside Addis Ababa was 67.81% (95% CI, 59.96%–75.65%), whereas in Addis Ababa it was 70.37% (95% CI, 57.51%–83.23%). Patients who used a glucometer at home had an odds ratio of 2.12 (95% CI, 1.42–3.16) and thus reported good adherence. We found no statistically significant association between the geographic location of a patient's residence and a good level of reported medication adherence (odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.78–4.21). Conclusions Most adult patients with diabetes in these studies had a good level of reported DM medication adherence. Having a glucometer was significantly associated with reported increased medication adherence. Our findings suggest the need for interventions to improve diabetes medication adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getenet Dessie
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Wagnew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Mulugeta
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Belachew
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Negesse
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaley Parchinski
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Diriba DC, Bekuma TT, Bobo FT. Predictors of self-management practices among diabetic patients attending hospitals in western Oromia, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232524. [PMID: 32357177 PMCID: PMC7194359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes Mellitus recognized as one of the emerging public health problems in developing countries. Self-monitoring needs to be individualized and should assist people with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the predictors of self-management practices among diabetic patients attending hospitals in western Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 in hospitals located in western Oromia, Ethiopia. An interview was made with a total of 400 diabetic patients attending the diabetes center and admitted to ward in the study hospitals. The data were entered into Epi Info software version 3.5.4. Data analysis was made using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Odds ratio (OR) was used to show the association. The statistical significance was considered at P<0.05, and potential confounding variables were controlled using logistic regression. The analyzed data were presented in texts and tables. Results From a total of 398 interviewed patients, 129 (32.4%) practiced diabetes self-management. About 63.6% of the study participants’ self-management practice was good. Most 103 (79.84%) of those who practiced self-management were presented with one of diabetes mellitus-related complications. Logistic regression analysis results showed that merchants were about six times higher in self-management practice [AOR of 5.945 (1.177–30.027 at 95% CI)] and those having family support in diabetes practiced self-management 2.87 times than others [AOR of 2.835 (1.386–5.801 at 95% CI)]. Conclusions Compared to the findings of previous studies, diabetes self-management practices of the participants was good. The study participants regular physical activity, food intake, medication adherence, and foot self-examination were moderate. Two variables, being a merchant and having family support were found to be the predictors of self-management practices. Predictors of self-management should be considered to boost self-management practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Chala Diriba
- Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Firew Tekle Bobo
- Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Godman B, Basu D, Pillay Y, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Anand Paramadhas BD, Tiroyakgosi C, Okwen PM, Niba LL, Nonvignon J, Sefah I, Oluka M, Guantai AN, Kibuule D, Kalemeera F, Mubita M, Fadare J, Ogunleye OO, Distiller LA, Rampamba EM, Wing J, Mueller D, Alfadl A, Amu AA, Matsebula Z, Kalungia A, Zaranyika T, Masuka N, Wale J, Hill R, Kurdi A, Timoney A, Campbell S, Meyer JC. Review of Ongoing Activities and Challenges to Improve the Care of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Across Africa and the Implications for the Future. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32265688 PMCID: PMC7098994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been an appreciable increase in the number of people in Africa with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in recent years as a result of a number of factors. Factors include lifestyle changes, urbanisation, and the growing consumption of processed foods coupled with increasing levels of obesity. Currently there are 19 million adults in Africa with diabetes, mainly T2DM (95%), estimated to grow to 47 million people by 2045 unless controlled. This has a considerable impact on morbidity, mortality and costs in the region. There are a number of issues to address to reduce the impact of T2DM including improving detection rates and current access to services alongside addressing issues of adherence to prescribed medicines. There are also high rates of co-morbidities with infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis in patients in Africa with T2DM that require attention. Objective Document ongoing activities across Africa to improve the care of patients with T2DM especially around issues of identification, access, and adherence to changing lifestyles and prescribed medicines. In addition, discussing potential ways forward to improve the care of patients with T2DM based on ongoing activities and experiences including addressing key issues associated with co-morbidities with infectious diseases. Our Approach Contextualise the findings from a wide range of publications including internet based publications of national approaches coupled with input from senior level government, academic and other professionals from across Africa to provide future guidance. Ongoing Activities A number of African countries are actively instigating programmes to improve the care of patients with T2DM starting with improved diagnosis. This recognises the growing burden of non-communicable diseases across Africa, which has been neglected in the past. Planned activities include programmes to improve detection rates and address key issues with diet and lifestyle changes, alongside improving monitoring of care and activities to enhance adherence to prescribed medicines. In addition, addressing potential complexities involving diabetes patients with infectious disease co-morbidities. It is too early to fully assess the impact of such activities. Conclusion There are a number of ongoing activities across Africa to improve the management of patients with diabetes including co-morbidities. However, more needs to be done considering the high and growing burden of T2DM in Africa. Ongoing research will help further benefit resource allocation and subsequent care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Debashis Basu
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yogan Pillay
- HIV & AIDS, TB and Maternal, Child and Women's Health, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Julius C Mwita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Celda Tiroyakgosi
- Botswana Essential Drugs Action Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Patrick Mbah Okwen
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Loveline Lum Niba
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon.,Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | | | - Israel Sefah
- Department of Pharmacy, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Keta, Ghana
| | - Margaret Oluka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anastasia N Guantai
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Dan Kibuule
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Francis Kalemeera
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mwangana Mubita
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Joseph Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Larry A Distiller
- Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Enos M Rampamba
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacy, Tshilidzini Regional Hospital, Limpopo Department Of Health, Shayandima, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Wing
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Debjani Mueller
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Charlotte Maxeke Medical Research Cluster, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abubakr Alfadl
- National Medicines Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.,Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Aubrey Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Trust Zaranyika
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nyasha Masuka
- Independent Health Systems Consultant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Janney Wale
- Independent Consumer Advocate, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruaraidh Hill
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Angela Timoney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,NHS Lothian Director of Pharmacy, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna C Meyer
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ketema DB, Leshargie CT, Kibret GD, Assemie MA, Alamneh AA, Kassa GM, Alebel A. Level of self-care practice among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:309. [PMID: 32164638 PMCID: PMC7068935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasingly become a serious global public health concern in developed and developing countries including Ethiopia. It imposes significant burden of care on the individual, health care professionals and health system. As the result, immense need of self-care behaviors in multiple domains like food choices, physical activity, foot care, and blood glucose monitoring is required. However, there is no national study on diabetic self-care practices in Ethiopia. This meta-analysis, therefore, aims to estimate the pooled level of self-care practice among individuals living with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia. METHODS The systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. We systematically searched the databases: PubMed /MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for studies conducted in Ethiopia about self-care practice of diabetes patients. We have included all cross-sectional studies, which were published until August 20th,2019. Data were analyzed using STATA™ version 14.1 software, and the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented using tables and forest plots. The presence of statistical heterogeneity within the included studies was evaluated using I-squared statistic. We used Higgins and Egger's test to identify evidence of publication bias. The random-effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate the pooled proportion of good diabetic self-care practices. RESULTS We included 35 studies (with 11,103 participants) in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of good diabetes self-care behavior among diabetic patients was 49% (95% CI:43, 56%). When categorized by the major domains of diabetes self-care, the pooled estimate of dietary practice was 50% (95% CI:42, 58%), for self- monitoring of blood glucose was 28% (95% CI:19, 37%), for recommended physical activity was 49% (95% CI:38, 59%), and for diabetic foot-care was 58% (95% CI: 41, 74%). CONCLUSION More than half of diabetic patients in Ethiopia had poor diabetes self-care practice. High percentage of diabetic patients also had poor dietary practice, self- monitoring of blood glucose, physical activity, and diabetic foot care. Therefore, intervention programs should focus on improving the knowledge level of diabetic patients to improve the self-care practice of diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bekele Ketema
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Cheru Tesema Leshargie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getiye Dejenu Kibret
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Agazhe Assemie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Mullu Kassa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Animut Alebel
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mutyambizi C, Pavlova M, Hongoro C, Groot W. Inequalities and factors associated with adherence to diabetes self-care practices amongst patients at two public hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:15. [PMID: 31992290 PMCID: PMC6986066 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self- management is vital to the control of diabetes. This study aims to assess the diabetes self-care behaviours of patients attending two tertiary hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa. The study also seeks to estimate the inequalities in adherence to diabetes self-care practices and associated factors. METHODS A unique health-facilities based cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst diabetes patients in 2017. Our study sample included 396 people living with diabetes. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Diabetes self-management practices considered in this study are dietary diversity, medication adherence, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood-glucose, avoiding smoking and limited alcohol consumption. Concentration indices (CIs) were used to estimate inequalities in adherence to diabetes self-care practices. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted to determine factors associated with diabetes self-care practices. RESULTS Approximately 99% of the sample did not consume alcohol or consumed alcohol moderately, 92% adhered to self-monitoring of blood-glucose, 85% did not smoke tobacco, 67% adhered to their medication, 62% had a diverse diet and 9% adhered to physical activity. Self-care practices of dietary diversity (CI = 0.1512) and exercise (CI = 0.1067) were all concentrated amongst patients with higher socio-economic status as indicated by the positive CIs, whilst not smoking (CI = - 0.0994) was concentrated amongst those of lower socio-economic status as indicated by the negative CI. Dietary diversity was associated with being female, being retired and higher wealth index. Medication adherence was found to be associated with older age groups. Physical activity was found to be associated with tertiary education, being a student and those within higher wealth index. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was associated with being married. Not smoking was associated with being female and being retired. CONCLUSION Adherence to exercising, dietary diversity and medication was found to be sub-optimal. Dietary diversity and exercise were more prevalent among patients with higher socio-economic status. Our findings suggest that efforts to improve self- management should focus on addressing socio-economic inequalities. It is critical to develop strategies that help those within low-socio-economic groups to adopt healthier diabetes self-care practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chipo Mutyambizi
- Research Use and Impact Assessment, Human Sciences Research Council, HSRC Building, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Pavlova
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Hongoro
- Research Use and Impact Assessment, Human Sciences Research Council, HSRC Building, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
| | - Wim Groot
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zeleke Negera G, Charles Epiphanio D. Prevalence and Predictors of Nonadherence to Diet and Physical Activity Recommendations among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1512376. [PMID: 32190048 PMCID: PMC7064825 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1512376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonadherence to lifestyle modification recommendations is a major challenge in the management of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence and predictors of nonadherence to diet and physical activity recommendations among type 2 diabetes patients (T2D). METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 322 type 2 diabetes patients was conducted from April 1 to June 30, 2019. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured and pretested questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics were collected. Descriptive analytical results were reported in text, tables, and figures. Logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of nonadherence to diet and physical activity. Variables with p value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were considered as candidates for multivariable regression. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals together with p value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were considered as candidates for multivariable regression. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals together with. RESULT The rate of nonadherence to physical activity and diet was 64.3% and 36%, respectively. Female gender (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI [1.52-4.56]), age > 60 years (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI [1.12-7.42]), being illiterate (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI [1.86-9.73]), diabetes duration of >5 years (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI [1.42-4.41]), and lack of social support (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI [1.42-4.35]) were independent predictors of nonadherence to physical activity recommendations. Factors associated with nonadherence to dietary recommendations were being male (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: [1.35-5.65]), age > 60 years (AOR = 6.3, 95% CI: [2.21-18.17]), khat chewing (AOR = 8.0, 95% CI: [3.86-16.7]), lack of social support (AOR = 15.26, 95% CI = [7.45-32.8]), and doctor's instructions or advice regarding diet (AOR = 8.9, 95% CI = [4.26-18.9]). CONCLUSION The rate of nonadherence to diet and physical activity recommendations was high in the study area. Predictors of nonadherence to physical activity are female gender, age > 60 years, being illiterate, diabetes duration of >5 years, and lack of social support. Predictors of nonadherence to diet are being male, khat chewing, lack of social support, and doctor's instructions or advice regarding diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getandale Zeleke Negera
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dariowani Charles Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Melaku T, Chelkeba L, Mekonnen Z, Kumela K. Glycemic Control Among People Living with Diabetes and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ethiopia: Leveraging Clinical Care for the Looming Co-Epidemics. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4379-4399. [PMID: 33235478 PMCID: PMC7680108 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s266105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy has decreased human immunodeficiency virus related mortality. However, the incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among people living with human immunodeficiency virus and adds complexity to the standards of care. OBJECTIVE The study was aimed to determine the glycemic control and delivery of clinical care among people living with diabetes and human immunodeficincy virus in Ethiopia. METHODS A comparative prospective cohort study was conducted among patients living with diabetes at follow-up clinics of Jimma Medical Center in two study arms. The first arm was people living with diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus. The second arm was human immunodeficiency virus negative patients living with diabetes. The expanded English version of the summary of diabetes self-care activities scale was used to measure self-care behaviors. In order to identify the predictors of glycemic control, multivariable Cox regression analysis was used. Statistical significance at p-value ≤0.05 was considered. RESULTS A total of 297 eligible participants were followed for one year, with a mean age of 44.35±12.55 years. Males accounted for 55.9%. After one year of follow-up, 61.9% of diabetes people living with human immunodeficiency virus, and 49% of human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with diabetes poorly met blood glucose target (p=0.037). Female gender [AHR: 2.72; 95% CI (1.21-5.72)], age >31 years [AHR: 2.48; 95% CI (1.34-11.01)], increased waist circumference [AHR: 3.64; 95% CI (2.57-16.12)], overweight [AHR: 3.63; 95% CI (1.65-22.42)], chronic disease comorbidity [AHR: 2.02; 95% CI (1.44-2.84)], human immunodeficiency virus infection [AHR: 3.47; 95% CI (2.03-23.75)], living longer with diabetes (>5 years) [AHR: 3.67; 95% CI (3.26-4.14)] showed a higher risk of blood sugar control failure and were independent predictors of uncontrolled glycemia. Tuberculosis infection increased the risk of uncontrolled blood sugar among people living with diabetes and human immunodeficency virus[AHR:3.82;95% CI(2.86-5.84]. CONCLUSION Significant gaps were observed in achieving the recommended glycemic target and involvement of patients on self-care care behavior in the study area. The co-occurrence of tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and diabetes is triple trouble needing special attention in their management. It is high time to leverage the clinical care of the looming co-epidemics through chronic comprehensive care clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Melaku
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Tsegaye Melaku Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaTel +251 913765609 Email
| | - Legese Chelkeba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kabaye Kumela
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
da Rocha RB, Silva CS, Cardoso VS. Self-Care in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:598-607. [PMID: 31267873 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190702161849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care is essential for the prevention of complications in patients with diabetes, but several authors report that even with health education programs, the incidence of complications in patients with diabetes continues to increase. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine adherence to self-care strategies and the repercussions of adherence on the clinical profiles of individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched for related studies in 4 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS). We included observational studies in English and Portuguese that evaluated the effects of selfcare in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The search resulted in the identification of 615 articles, of which 34 met all the inclusion criteria. General self-care was considered unsatisfactory. Physical exercise was classified as the self-care activity that was performed less frequently by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; adherence to medication was the most frequent behavior among volunteers. CONCLUSION The studies indicated poor adherence of the population to good self-care practices, reflected by the increase in complications related to DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Barbosa da Rocha
- Center of Medical Specialties, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Biosignal Laboratory, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Sales Silva
- Center of Medical Specialties, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Biosignal Laboratory, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Saura Cardoso
- Center of Medical Specialties, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- Biosignal Laboratory, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
- School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kwanjo Banda C, Gombachika BT, Nyirenda MJ, Muula AS. Self-management and its associated factors among people living with diabetes in Blantyre, Malawi: a cross-sectional study. AAS Open Res 2019. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12992.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-management is key to the control of glycaemia and prevention of complications in people living with diabetes. Many people living with diabetes in Malawi have poorly controlled glucose and they experience diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to assess diabetes self-management behaviours and to identify factors associated with it among people living with diabetes at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 510 adults attending a diabetes clinic at a teaching referral hospital in southern Malawi. The social cognitive theory was applied to identify factors associated with following all recommended self-management behaviours. Data on participants’ demographics, clinical history, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social support, environmental barriers and diabetes self-management were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with following all self-management behaviours. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.6 (SD 13.3) years. Self-reported medication adherence within the last seven days was 88.6% (n=494); 77% reported being physically active for at least 30 minutes on more than three days in the previous seven days; 69% reported checking their feet every day and inspecting inside their shoes; 58% reported following a healthy diet regularly. Overall, only 33% reported following all the self-management behaviours regularly. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the only social cognitive factor associated with following all the self-management practices (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Participants in our study were not consistently achieving all self-management practices with dietary practices being the least adhered to behaviour by many. To improve self-management practices of people living with diabetes, current health education programs should not only aim at improving diabetes related knowledge but also self-efficacy. Adopting interventions that promote self-efficacy in diabetes patients such as exposure to role models, peer education, providing positive feedback, and counselling is recommended.
Collapse
|
48
|
Bishu KG, Jenkins C, Yebyo HG, Atsbha M, Wubayehu T, Gebregziabher M. Diabetes in Ethiopia: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, complications, and cost. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
49
|
Ayele BH, Mengesha MM, Tesfa T. Predictors of self-care activities of outpatient diabetic residents in Harar and Dire Dawa: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119865646. [PMID: 31384462 PMCID: PMC6647214 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119865646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of major public health importance due to its prevalence and potential health complication. The success of long-term maintenance therapy of diabetes patients depends largely on their ability to adherence to self-care practices. Africa's most populous country, Ethiopia, has the highest burden of diabetes mellitus. However, studies on self-care activities of diabetic patients are limited. Therefore, this study measures the level of self-care activities of diabetic patients in a follow-up clinic of public hospitals in Harar and Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 randomly selected diabetic patients in Harar and Dire Dawa. A standard diabetic self-care activity interview tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi-data v 3.1 and STATA v 14.2 was used for analysis. Our outcome variable, self-care activities, has three ordered categories and a robust Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors. All statistical tests with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The self-care activities of study participants were rated good for 38.1% (95% confidence interval: 32.94, 43.60). Being rural residents (adjusted odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.82), attended secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 5.78), uncontrolled blood glucose (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.79), and had diabetic complications (one, adjusted odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 3.38; two or more, adjusted odds ratio = 4.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.81, 12.25) were significantly associated with the better diabetes mellitus self-care activities. CONCLUSION Significant number of diabetes mellitus patients living in rural areas did not adhere to diabetic self-care activities. This is more evident among participants who have limited or no formal education and patients with controlled blood glucose level. Therefore, individualized diabetic lifestyle education programs in follow-up clinics should target these population groups to improve self-care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Hawulte Ayele
- Public Health and Policy Unit, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Merid Mengesha
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Tesfa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Molayaghobi NS, Abazari P, Taleghani F, Iraj B. Diabetes management challenges in Iran: A qualitative content analysis. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:1091-1097. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Soltani Molayaghobi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Parvaneh Abazari
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Fariba Taleghani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Bijan Iraj
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| |
Collapse
|