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Hahn JM, Combs KA, Powell HM, Supp DM. A role for vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in keloid disorder. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:563-575. [PMID: 37458255 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Keloids are disfiguring fibroproliferative lesions that can occur in susceptible individuals following any skin injury. They are extremely challenging to treat, with relatively low response rates to current therapies and high rates of recurrence after treatment. Although several distinct genetic loci have been associated with keloid formation in different populations, there has been no single causative gene yet identified and the molecular mechanisms guiding keloid development are incompletely understood. Further, although it is well known that keloids are more commonly observed in populations with dark skin pigmentation, the basis for increased keloid risk in skin of colour is not yet known. Because individuals with dark skin pigmentation are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency, the role of vitamin D in keloid pathology has gained interest in the keloid research community. A limited number of studies have found lower serum vitamin D levels in patients with keloids, and reduced expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in keloid lesions compared with uninjured skin. Vitamin D has documented anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-differentiation activities, suggesting it may have a therapeutic role in suppression of keloid fibrosis. Here we review the evidence supporting a role for vitamin D and VDR in keloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Hahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly A Combs
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather M Powell
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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2
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Muniz AKOA, Vianna EO, Padilha LL, Nascimento JXPT, Batista RFL, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Ribeiro CCC. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Allergy Traits at Second Year of Life: BRISA Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3218. [PMID: 37513636 PMCID: PMC10383806 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSBs) consumption has risen in early life and it is plausible that it might increase children's risk of allergies. In this paper, we analyzed the association of SSB consumption with allergies in children's second year of life. This study analyzed data from a São Luís BRISA prenatal cohort in the follow-up of children (n = 1144) in their second year of life. Allergy Traits were a latent variable deduced from medical diagnoses of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. SSBs were investigated as a percentage of daily calories based on 24 h recalls, including industrialized fruit juices, soft drinks, and ready-made chocolate milk. Other variables analyzed were socioeconomic status, age, body mass index z-score, episodes of diarrhea, and breastfeeding. Our finds were that higher consumption of daily calories from SSBs was associated with higher Allergy Trait values (SC = 0.174; p = 0.025); older age (SC = -0.181; p = 0.030) was associated with lower Allergy Trait values; and episodes of diarrhea were correlated with Allergy Traits (SC = 0.287; p = 0.015). SSB exposure was associated with Allergy Traits in children's second year of life; thus, abstaining from these beverages may also confer additional advantages in curtailing allergic diseases during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes Padilha
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Sao Luis 65020-060, Maranhao, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Sao Luis 65020-060, Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Barbieri
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Sao Luis 65020-060, Maranhao, Brazil
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Abang Abdullah AF, Muhamad NA, Ab Ghani RM, Maamor NH, Leman FN, Too CL, Ismail IH, Mohd Zulkefli NA, Mohd Nazan AIN, Md Said S. The Effectiveness of Early Food Introduction in Preventing Childhood Allergic Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e46816. [PMID: 37358892 DOI: 10.2196/46816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases affect around 40% of the pediatric population worldwide. The coexistence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy renders allergy treatment and prevention challenging. Infant feeding strategies recommend avoiding allergenic foods to prevent allergy development and anaphylaxis. However, recent evidence suggests that early consumption of food allergens during weaning in infants aged 4-6 months could result in food tolerance, thus reducing the risk of developing allergies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to systematically review and carry out a meta-analysis of evidence on the outcome of early food introduction for preventing childhood allergic diseases. METHODS We will conduct a systematic review of interventions through a comprehensive search of various databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify potential studies. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from the earliest published articles up to the latest available studies in 2023. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs, non-RCTs, and other observational studies that assess the effect of early food introduction to prevent childhood allergic diseases. RESULTS Primary outcomes will include measures related to the effect of childhood allergic diseases (ie, asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines will be followed for study selection. All data will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form and the quality of the studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A summary of findings table will be generated for the following outcomes: (1) total number of allergic diseases, (2) rate of sensitization, (3) total number of adverse events, (4) improvement of health-related quality of life, and (5) all-cause mortality. Descriptive and meta-analyses will be performed using a random-effects model in Review Manager (Cochrane). Heterogeneity among selected studies will be assessed using the I2 statistic and explored through meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Data collection is expected to start in June 2023. CONCLUSIONS The results acquired from this study will contribute to the existing literature and harmonize recommendations for infant feeding with regard to the prevention of childhood allergic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021256776; https://tinyurl.com/4j272y8a. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/46816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Fadhilah Abang Abdullah
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rimah Melati Ab Ghani
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hasnah Maamor
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Norhasny Leman
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Lai Too
- Immunogenetic Unit, Allergy and Immunology Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Intan Hakimah Ismail
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Salmiah Md Said
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Javanmard A, Samari M, Mohammadi N, Oroojalian F, Mokhtarzadeh A. A critical review of the recent concept of artificial mechanical uterus design in relation to the maternal microbiome: An Update to past researches. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103828. [PMID: 36796148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome in the female reproductive tract plays an essential role in immune modulation and reproductive health. However, various microbes become established during pregnancy, the balance of which plays a crucial role in embryonic development and healthy births. The contribution of disturbances in the microbiome profile to embryo health is poorly understood. A better understanding of the relationship between reproductive outcomes and the vaginal microbiota is needed to optimize the chances of healthy births. In this regards, microbiome dysbiosis refers to conditions in which the pathways of communication and balance within the normal microbiome are imbalanced due to the intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms into the reproductive system. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the natural human microbiome, with a focus on the natural uterine microbiome, mother-to-child transmission, dysbiosis, and the pattern of microbial change in pregnancy and parturition, and reviews the effects of artificial uterus probiotics during pregnancy. These effects can be studied in the sterile environment of an artificial uterus, and microbes with potential probiotic activity can be studied as a possible therapeutic approach. The artificial uterus is a technological device or biobag used as an incubator, allowing extracorporeal pregnancy. Establishing beneficial microbial communities within the artificial womb using probiotic species could modulate the immune system of both the fetus and the mother. The artificial womb could be used to select the best strains of probiotic species to fight infection with specific pathogens. Questions about the interactions and stability of the most appropriate probiotics, as well as dosage and duration of treatment, need to be answered before probiotics can be a clinical treatment in human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nami
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Haghshenas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Mahya Samari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nahid Mohammadi
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Chen N, Liu F, Gao Q, Wang R, Zhang L, Li Y. A Meta-Analysis of Probiotics for the Treatment of Allergic Airway Diseases in Children and Adolescents. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:480-490. [PMID: 35238209 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221080159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic airway disease is a chronic airway allergic inflammatory disease including allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma which is common in children and adolescents. Recently the probiotics has been becoming a supplementary or alternative therapy to allergic diseases, however the effect of them has not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on allergic airway disease including AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE for relevant publications from 1 Jan 2000 to 1 July 2021. Physical examinations, Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaires (PRQLQs), Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), Nasal or Eye Symptom Score (NSS or ESS), serum allergen-specific IgE, and eosinophil were used as evaluating indicators for AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan, Version 5.3). RESULTS 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1388 participants were included for the meta-analysis. Among them, 729 patients treated with probiotics served as the probiotics group, and 659 patients with placebo as control group. Significantly greater reduction in PRQLQs from baseline to endpoint (SMD = -2.57, 95% CI [ - 4.66, -0.48] P < 0.01), NSS (SMD = -1.43, 95% CI [ - 1.63, - 1.23], P < 0.01) and ESS (total MD = -1.67, 95% CI [ - 1.79, - 1.55], P < 0.01) were observed in probiotics group compared to control group. Probiotics have no significant effect to serum IgE and eosinophils (P > 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis indicated that probiotics treatment may reduce PRQLQs, NSS, ESS in patients with allergic airway disease. More research involving the mechanism of probiotics are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lavery HA. Fad Diets Past and Present - Including Taurine for Psoriasis, Diet Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis and the Role of Elimination Diets. Clin Dermatol 2021; 40:193-197. [PMID: 34808245 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of diets and foods on cutaneous afflictions has never been a moot point. The number of enquiries from patients and the wider public about how certain foods have impacted upon, or indeed, caused their skin eruption is increasing. While this inquisition is at the forefront of people's and physicians mind in today's modern practice, this has long been a discussion in the scientific world. Metchnikoff alluded to this at the turn of the 20th century. How foods and certain dietary programs impact on diseases has been postulated, although there is still more to learn, despite the patient's advocacy for a particular dietary regime. The study of the role of the microbiome is increasing. Gut dysbiosis, along with the interaction of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and brain - gut-skin-brain axis is discussed . The role and impact of neuroendocrine transmitters and the skin are explored.
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Makieieva N, Malakhova V, Vasylchenko Y, Biriukova M. Is Willebrand Factor Indicative of Chronic Inflammation in Children with Asthma? Turk Thorac J 2020; 21:362-366. [PMID: 33352089 DOI: 10.5152/turkthoracj.2019.19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve our knowledge and to understand how the level of von Willebrand factor indicates the development of chronic inflammation in children with recurrent wheezing and asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS It was a prospective cohort study. This study was conducted in children with recurrent wheezing and asthma who were referred to a children's hospital during 2017-2018. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the number of episodes of wheezing. Patients were examined for von Willebrand factor levels at admission and after treatment. Data analysis was performed with Statsofta Statistica Version 8 (Tulsa, OK). RESULTS WF1 levels in Group 2 and 3 children statistically significantly increased in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). WF2 levels remained elevated only in Group 3 patients (p<0.001). WF2 levels in Group 1 and 2 decreased to the indices of the control group (p>0.05). The WF2 significantly decreased after treatment in Group 2 children (p=0.0000, T=0) and Group 3 (p=0.0000, T=0). CONCLUSION levels of Willebrand factor indicate the presence of endothelial dysfunction. The level of Willebrand factor in the peak period of wheezing depends on the number of episodes of wheezing in history. Persistent high rates of Willebrand factor, even after the relief of clinical symptoms, indicates the present of chronic inflammation and can be regarded as the formation of asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Makieieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriia Malakhova
- Department of Pediatrics, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Vasylchenko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Biriukova
- Department of Pediatrics, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Sithole HL. Understanding vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v79i1.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a public health problem that mostly affects children in warm subtropical climates. Unfortunately, the causative factors of the disease are not clearly defined, thus posing a serious management challenge to healthcare providers. It is therefore argued that understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and how various inflammatory cells affect the conjunctiva and the cornea may assist in the management of the disease.Aim: As visual impairment and avoidable blindness are indicated, it is advisable for optometrists to understand the clinical presentation of this chronic condition in order to initiate appropriate interventions and/or immediate referrals where necessary.Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on peer-reviewed publications on VKC and children. All material obtained were then studied and the information extracted was used to document relevant information required for understanding VKC amongst children.Results: The results in the studied material revealed that VKC was prevalent amongst children aged 2 to 18 years, affecting mostly male children of African and Indian origins. Different strategies of management of the disease have been proposed, including but not limited to explaining to parents the nature of the disease, environmental strategies and preventive measures as well as possible surgical intervention.Conclusion: In view of the nature of this disease, healthcare providers should therefore seek to understand the history of the patient better when such patients present for their first consultation in order to develop a comprehensive management approach.
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Hemida M, Vuori KA, Salin S, Moore R, Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Björkman A. Identification of modifiable pre- and postnatal dietary and environmental exposures associated with owner-reported canine atopic dermatitis in Finland using a web-based questionnaire. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225675. [PMID: 32469869 PMCID: PMC7259748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional hypothesis generating study was performed to investigate modifiable exposures such as whether feeding pattern (a non-processed meat based diet, NPMD, or an ultra-processed carbohydrate based diet, UPCD), certain environmental factors and their timing of exposure might be associated with the development of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Also, genetic and demographic factors were tested for associations with CAD. The data was collected from the validated internet-based DogRisk food frequency questionnaire in Finland. A total of 2236 dogs were eligible for the study (the owners reported 406 cases and 1830 controls). Our main interest was to analyze modifiable early risk factors of CAD, focusing on nutritional and environmental factors. We tested four early life periods; prenatal, neonatal, early postnatal and late postnatal periods. Twenty-two variables were tested for associations with CAD using logistic regression analysis. From the final models we identified novel dietary associations with CAD: the NPMD during the prenatal and early postnatal periods had a significant negative association with the incidence of CAD in adult dogs (age above 1 year). Oppositely, UPCD was associated with a significantly higher risk for CAD incidence. Other variables that were associated with a significantly lower risk for CAD were maternal deworming during pregnancy, sunlight exposure during early postnatal period, normal body condition score during the early postnatal period, the puppy being born within the same family that it would stay in, and spending time on a dirt or grass surface from 2 to 6 months. Also, the genetic factors regarding maternal history of CAD, allergy-prone breeds and more than 50% white-colored coat all showed a significant positive association with CAD incidence in agreement with previous findings. Although no causality can be established, feeding NPMD early in life seemed to be protective against CAD, while UPCD could be considered a risk factor. Prospective intervention studies are needed to establish the causal effects of the protective role of NPMD on prevalence of CAD during the fetal and early postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Hemida
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kristiina A. Vuori
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siru Salin
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin Moore
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Anturaniemi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Borgmann S, Rieß B, Siegmund R, Werner G, Klare I. Treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii and Escherichia coli Nissle is safe and associated with reduced nosocomial transmission of vanB vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on an early rehabilitation ward in Germany: a retrospective analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:343-354. [PMID: 30881000 PMCID: PMC6398405 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s179208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose According to the WHO vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) belongs to the microorganisms for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Depending on the type of vancomycin resistance vanA gene VRE is differentiated from vanB VRE and other types. In this retrospective analysis the results of VRE surveillance performed at a German tertiary hospital with approximately 1,200 beds between 2013 and 2017 are shown. Patients and methods Rectal screening swabs were taken at admission and once per week on the early rehabilitation ward of Ingolstadt Hospital (ERWIN) but not at other wards. The number of VRE colonized patients was evaluated by using appropriate computer software (LabCentre, Hybase). The Hybase program was also used to find out the number of Saccharomyces boulardii and multi-susceptible Escherichia coli Nissle in blood cultures of patients at ERWIN. The mechanism of vancomycin resistance was examined by PCR and clonality of VRE strains was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results Between 2013 and 2015 the number of VRE increased from 30 to 78 per year whereas in 2016 and 2017 the number declined to 51. Systematic analysis of the laboratory data revealed that this increase was driven by oligoclonal transmission of vanB VRE on ERWIN until August 2016 despite performing intensified infection control measures. However, afterward the number of VRE decreased at ERWIN and subsequently at the other wards. While searching for the reason behind this beneficial development we noticed that at ERWIN, patients treated with antibiotics received two probiotic medications simultaneously (S. boulardii, E. coli Nissle) for the duration of the antibiotic therapy plus an additional 2 days. There was no indication of side effects caused by these microorganisms, particularly no infections. Conclusion Application of S. boulardii and E. coli Nissle was safe and associated with reduced transmission of VRE from patient to patient at ERWIN. Therefore, in our setting, probiotic treatment of patients receiving antibiotics contributed to the increase of patients’ safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borgmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Ingolstadt Hospital, Ingolstadt, Germany,
| | - Beate Rieß
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Ingolstadt Hospital, Ingolstadt, Germany,
| | - Rabea Siegmund
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Ingolstadt Hospital, Ingolstadt, Germany,
| | - Guido Werner
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Ingo Klare
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
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Brzezinski L, Mimm N, Porter S. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Barriers to Supporting Breastfeeding by Mothers and Infants. J Perinat Educ 2018; 27:207-219. [PMID: 31073267 DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.27.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant health and development outcomes are positively affected by breastfeeding. Despite the multitude of breastfeeding benefits to mothers and infants along with strong recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding from government agencies and professional associations, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life remains low. Strongly positive attitudes make pediatric nurse practitioners, especially those in primary care settings, ideally positioned to encourage, support, and provide breastfeeding management to mothers and infants. However, pediatric nurse practitioners may report breastfeeding education and breastfeeding skills deficits along with other barriers to optimal breastfeeding care.
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12
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When nutrition and allergy collide: the rise of anaphylaxis to plant foods. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 17:338-343. [PMID: 28858913 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interest in nutrition is increasing, but in the world of internet health gurus, whilst the nutritional benefits of fruits and vegetables are extolled, wheat is often vilified. This review will assess the positive nutritional effects of plant foods in relation to allergy prevention, the effectiveness of gluten-avoidance and the likelihood of anaphylaxis to fruits and vegetables. RECENT FINDINGS Although the numbers of people who report gluten sensitivity is rising, hard evidence of mass sensitivity to gluten is scant. Also, the avoidance of wheat containing foods could lead to nutritional imbalance and effects on the gut microbiome. The evidence that fruits and vegetables have a protective effect on the development of allergy is inconsistent, although fruit juices may promote beneficial changes to gut microflora. Fruits and vegetables can cause severe allergic reactions, especially due to the presence of lipid transfer proteins, but this is not just a Mediterranean phenomenon, and not limited to peaches. SUMMARY These findings emphasise the importance of a keeping an open mind about reported reactions to plant foods, to ensure the correct diagnosis is made and nutrition is optimised to prevent any adverse effects of avoidance on the gut microbiome.
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Wang B, Liu F, Dong J, You M, Fu Y, Li C, Lu Y, Chen J. Maternal exposure to environmental DEHP exacerbated OVA-induced asthmatic responses in rat offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:253-261. [PMID: 28972901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Di (ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used phthalates (PAEs) compound as plasticizer and becomes a severe environmental pollutant worldwide. Studies show that DEHP, as an environmental endocrine disruptor, has potential adverse effects on human. Epidemiologic studies indicate that DEHP is positively correlated to allergic diseases. Maternal exposure to DEHP may contribute to the increasing incidence of allergic diseases in offspring. However, the role of DEHP and its detailed mechanism in allergic disease of the offspring are still unclear. The aim of our study is to investigate whether DEHP maternal exposure could aggravate the allergic responses in offspring and its mechanism. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and exposed to different doses of DEHP. Half of the offspring were challenged with OVA after birth. All the pups of each group were sacrificed at postnatal day (PND)14, PND21 and PND28. The number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage was counted, lung pathological changes were observed, Th2 type cytokines expressions were checked, and the expression of TSLP signaling pathway were examined. Our results showed that maternal exposure to DEHP during pregnancy and lactation aggravated the eosinophils accumulation and the pathological inflammatory changes in pups' lung after OVA challenge. And maternal exposure to DEHP during pregnancy and lactation also elevated the levels of typical Th2 cytokines in OVA-challenged rats. What's more, maternal exposure to DEHP during pregnancy and lactation increased the levels of TSLP, TSLPR and IL-7R in the offspring after OVA challenge. Our study suggested that DEHP maternal exposure could aggravate the OVA-induced asthmatic responses in offspring. And this adjuvant effect of DEHP was related with the TSLP/TSLPR/IL-7R and its downstream signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Wang
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Mingdan You
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Nobili V, Putignani L, Mosca A, Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Alisi A, Stronati L, Cucchiara S, Toscano M, Drago L. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut microbiome of children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: which strains act as health players? Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:81-87. [PMID: 29379536 PMCID: PMC5778421 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.62150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), considered the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, can often progress from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It is clear that obesity is one of the main risk factors involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, even if specific mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We investigated the distribution of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the stools of four groups of children: obese, obese with NAFL, obese with NASH, and healthy, age-matched controls (CTRLs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-one obese, NAFL and NASH children and 54 CTRLs were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured for all subjects. All children with suspected NASH underwent liver biopsy. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were analysed in children's faecal samples, during a broader, 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing analysis of the gut microbiome. RESULTS Three Bifidobacterium spp. (Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and five Lactobacillus spp. (L. zeae, L. vaginalis, L. brevis, L. ruminis, and L. mucosae) frequently recurred in metagenomic analyses. Lactobacillus spp. increased in NAFL, NASH, or obese children compared to CTRLs. Particularly, L. mucosae was significantly higher in obese (p = 0.02426), NAFLD (p = 0.01313) and NASH (p = 0.01079) than in CTRLs. In contrast, Bifidobacterium spp. were more abundant in CTRLs, suggesting a protective and beneficial role of these microorganisms against the aforementioned diseases. CONCLUSIONS Bifidobacteria seem to have a protective role against the development of NAFLD and obesity, highlighting their possible use in developing novel, targeted and effective probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Nobili
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Liver Research Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Mosca
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Liver Research Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Toscano
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Gur M, Hakim F, Bentur L. Better understanding of childhood asthma, towards primary prevention - are we there yet? Consideration of pertinent literature. F1000Res 2017; 6:2152. [PMID: 29333254 PMCID: PMC5749133 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11601.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease, characterized by reversible airway obstruction, airway inflammation and hyper-reactivity. The prevalence of asthma has risen dramatically over the past decade, affecting around 300,000,000 people. The etiology is multifactorial, with genetic, epigenetic, developmental and environmental factors playing a role. A complex interaction between the intrauterine environment, the developing immune system, the infant's microbiome and infectious organisms may lead to the development of allergic sensitization and asthma. Thus, a large number of studies have investigated the risk factors for childhood asthma, with a meticulous search of modifiable factors that could aid in primary prevention. We present a current literature review from 2014-2017, as well as older classic publications, on the pathogenesis and the potential modifiable factors for primary prevention of asthma. No ideal preventive measure has yet been found. Rather, creating favorable prenatal and postnatal environments, minimal exposure to hostile environmental factors, prevention of infections in early life, allergic desensitization and nutritional modifications could possibly reduce asthma inception. In the era of personalized medicine, identifying individual risk factors and tailoring specific preventive measures is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gur
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lea Bentur
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Wang DW, Ni WW, Zhou YJ, Huang W, Cao MD, Meng L, Wei JF. Expression, purification and epitope analysis of Pla a 2 allergen from Platanus acerifolia pollen. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:394-399. [PMID: 29115430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platanus acerifolia is one of the major sources of outdoor allergens to humans, and can induce allergic asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis and other allergic diseases. Pla a 2 is a polygalacturonase and represents the major allergen identified in P. acerifolia pollen. The aim of the present study was to express and purify Pla a 2, and to predict B and T cell epitopes of Pla a 2. The gene encoding Pla a 2 was cloned into the pET28a vector and subsequently transfected into ArcticExpress™ (DE3) Escherichia coli cells; purified Pla a 2 was analyzed by western blot analysis. The results of the present study revealed that the Pla a 2 allergen has the ability to bind immunoglobulin E within the sera of patients allergic to P. acerifolia pollen. In addition, the B cell epitopes of Pla a 2 were predicted using the DNAStar Protean system, Bioinformatics Predicted Antigenic Peptides and BepiPred 1.0 software; T cell epitopes were predicted using NetMHCIIpan ‑3.0 and ‑2.2. In total, eight B cell epitopes (15‑24, 60‑66, 78‑86, 109‑124, 232‑240, 260‑269, 298‑306 and 315‑322) and five T cell epitopes (62‑67, 86‑91, 125‑132, 217‑222 and 343‑350) were predicted in the present study. These findings may be used to improve allergen immunotherapies and reduce the frequency of pollen‑associated allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wang Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Ni
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhou
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Da Cao
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ling Meng
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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17
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Pizano JM, Williamson CB, Dolan KE, Gossard CM, Burns CM, Gasta MG, Finley HJ, Parker EC, Lipski EA. Probiotics and Disease: A Comprehensive Summary-Part 7, Immune Disorders. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2017; 16:46-57. [PMID: 30936805 PMCID: PMC6438099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article series provides a literature review of the disease-specific probiotic strains associated with immune and autoimmune conditions that have been studied in published clinical trials in humans and animals. This is not an exhaustive review. The table design allows for quick access to supportive data and will be helpful as a guide for both researchers and clinicians. The goal of the probiotics and disease series is to provide clinically useful tools. The first article (part 1) focused on mental health and neurological conditions, and the second article (part 2) explored cultured and fermented foods that are commonly available in the United States. The third article (part 3) explored the relationship between bacterial strains and 2 of the most prevalent diseases we have in modern society: cardiometabolic disease and fatigue syndromes. The fourth article (part 4) elucidated the role of the microbiome in infectious diseases, and the fifth article (part 5) examined respiratory conditions of the ears, nose, and throat. The sixth article (part 6) explored the relationship between beneficial microbiota and skin disorders. This seventh article (part 7) reviews the relationship between beneficial microbiota and autoimmune diseases, allergies, asthma, and other immunity-related disorders. Future articles will review the relationship between probiotics and skin disorders, the influence of the microbiome on cancer development and prognosis, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary diseases associated with dysbiosis, followed by an article focused on probiotic supplements. This literature review is specific to disease condition, probiotic classification, and individual strain.
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18
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Bogahawaththa D, Chandrapala J, Vasiljevic T. Modulation of milk immunogenicity by thermal processing. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Liu X, Wong CCY, Yu ITS, Zhang Z, Tan L, Lau APS, Lee A, Yeoh EK, Lao XQ. Dietary patterns and the risk of rhinitis in primary school children: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44610. [PMID: 28294150 PMCID: PMC5353568 DOI: 10.1038/srep44610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and rhinitis in primary school children. 1,599 students without rhinitis at baseline survey were selected from a primary school children cohort. Information on food consumption, respiratory symptoms, and confounders was collected using questionnaires. Dietary patterns were defined using principal component analysis. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The incidence of rhinitis during 12 months follow-up was 21.2%. Three patterns were extracted and labeled as pattern I, II and III. Dietary pattern II which had higher factor loadings of legumes, butter, nuts and potatoes was associated with an increased risk of rhinitis (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87) when the highest tertile of pattern score was compared to the lowest tertile, after adjusted for confounders. Besides, every 1-unit increase of score of pattern II was also associated with an increased risk of rhinitis (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.35). Neither pattern I nor Pattern III was observed to be associated with risk of rhinitis. A diet with higher levels of consumption of legumes, butter, nuts and potatoes may increase the risk of allergic rhinitis in primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Claudie Chiu-Yi Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ignatius T. S. Yu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Occupational and Environmental Health Academy, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixing Tan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Arthur P. S. Lau
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Zhang M, Shen F, Petryk A, Tang J, Chen X, Sergi C. "English Disease": Historical Notes on Rickets, the Bone-Lung Link and Child Neglect Issues. Nutrients 2016; 8:E722. [PMID: 27854286 PMCID: PMC5133108 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional or classical rickets (here labeled as "rickets") is a worldwide disease involving mostly infants and young children having inadequate sunlight exposure, often associated with a low dietary intake of Vitamin D. Rickets targets all layers of society independently of economic status with historical information spanning more than two millennia. Vitamin D is critical for the absorption of calcium and prevention of rickets in children as well as osteomalacia in adults. The initial and misleading paradigm of the 19th and 20th centuries that rickets may have been the consequence of infection has been, indeed, reversed following the identification of the Vitamin D molecule's important role in the function of the immune system. Although traditionally considered limited to osteopathology, Vitamin D deficiency is now known to be linked to infection, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. In this review, we consider the key historical (Whistler, pre-Whistler and post-Whistler descriptors) and social facts around rickets; highlight the osteo-pathological features of rickets and the pathology of the upper and lower respiratory tract, stressing the fact that lungs remain the main secondary organ affected by Vitamin D deficiency; and emphasize the public health role in identifying the cases of child neglect or abuse based on the evaluation of the costochondral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Fan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Anna Petryk
- Comprehensive Pediatric Bone Health Program, Div. Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Membrane Protein Disease and Cancer Research Centre, Provincial Innovation Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xingzhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease and Cancer Research Centre, Provincial Innovation Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
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21
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O'Neill CA, Monteleone G, McLaughlin JT, Paus R. The gut-skin axis in health and disease: A paradigm with therapeutic implications. Bioessays 2016; 38:1167-1176. [PMID: 27554239 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As crucial interface organs gut and skin have much in common. Therefore it is unsurprising that several gut pathologies have skin co-morbidities. Nevertheless, the reason for this remains ill explored, and neither mainstream gastroenterology nor dermatology research have systematically investigated the 'gut-skin axis'. Here, in reviewing the field, we propose several mechanistic levels on which gut and skin may interact under physiological and pathological circumstances. We focus on the gut microbiota, with its huge metabolic capacity, and the role of dietary components as potential principle actors along the gut-skin axis. We suggest that metabolites from either the diet or the microbiota are skin accessible. After defining open key questions around the nature of these metabolites, how they are sensed, and which cutaneous changes they can induce, we propose that understanding of these pathways will lead to novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting one organ to improve the health of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A O'Neill
- Dermatology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - John T McLaughlin
- Gastrointestinal Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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22
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Buigues C, Fernández-Garrido J, Pruimboom L, Hoogland AJ, Navarro-Martínez R, Martínez-Martínez M, Verdejo Y, Mascarós MC, Peris C, Cauli O. Effect of a Prebiotic Formulation on Frailty Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060932. [PMID: 27314331 PMCID: PMC4926465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can result in major changes in the composition and metabolic activities of bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal system and result in impaired function of the immune system. We assessed the efficacy of prebiotic Darmocare Pre(®) (Bonusan Besloten Vennootschap (BV), Numansdorp, The Netherlands) to evaluate whether the regular intake of this product can improve frailty criteria, functional status and response of the immune system in elderly people affected by the frailty syndrome. The study was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind design in sixty older participants aged 65 and over. The prebiotic product was composed of a mixture of inulin plus fructooligosaccharides and was compared with placebo (maltodextrin). Participants were randomized to a parallel group intervention of 13 weeks' duration with a daily intake of Darmocare Pre(®) or placebo. Either prebiotic or placebo were administered after breakfast (between 9-10 a.m.) dissolved in a glass of water carefully stirred just before drinking. The primary outcome was to study the effect on frailty syndrome. The secondary outcomes were effect on functional and cognitive behavior and sleep quality. Moreover, we evaluated whether prebiotic administration alters blood parameters (haemogram and biochemical analysis). The overall rate of frailty was not significantly modified by Darmocare Pre(®) administration. Nevertheless, prebiotic administration compared with placebo significantly improved two frailty criteria, e.g., exhaustion and handgrip strength (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). No significant effects were observed in functional and cognitive behavior or sleep quality. The use of novel therapeutic approaches influencing the gut microbiota-muscle-brain axis could be considered for treatment of the frailty syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Buigues
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | | | - Leo Pruimboom
- Natura Foundation, Numansdorp 3281 NC, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9712 CP, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Peris
- GeroResidencias La Saleta, Valencia 46015, Spain.
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
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