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Genç ÇD, Yılmaz AK, Kurt MM, Özgür G, Aydın E, Yılmaz C. Comparison of choroidal thickness, superficial and deep retinal vascular indices, and foveal avascular zones: Martial arts athletes vs healthy non-athletes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104266. [PMID: 38977118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM The study aims to compare choroidal thickness, deep and superficial retinal capillary plexuses, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in elite martial arts athletes and a healthy sedentary control group. METHODS The study included martial arts athletes (32 individuals, 64 eyes) and healthy sedentary persons (43 individuals with healthy sedentary lifestyles, 86 eyes) aged 18-35 years. In this single non-repeated observational and cross-sectional study, choroidal thickness, superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses, and FAZ measurements were measured using Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and compared between groups. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05) in age, IOP, AL (axial length), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) parameters between groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in choroidal thickness, superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses, and FAZ parameters determined by the OCTA method (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In our study, we observed that the retinal and choroidal structures of martial art athletes and healthy sedentary individuals were similar. This observation implies that the putative microvascular effects on the choroid and retina in martial arts, especially those based on the anaerobic energy system, may reflect similar outcomes to those observed in individuals with sedentary lifestyles characterized by healthiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Deniz Genç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsun University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, 55090
| | - Ali Kerim Yılmaz
- Department of Recreation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Samsun, Türkiye, 55200.
| | - Muhammed Mustafa Kurt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsun University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, 55090
| | - Gökhan Özgür
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsun University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, 55090
| | - Emre Aydın
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsun University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, 55090
| | - Coşkun Yılmaz
- Kelkit Aydın Doğan Vocational School, Gümüşhane University, Kelkit/Gümüşhane, 29600, Türkiye
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2
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Jelmini JD, Gribble PA, Abel MG, Whitehurst LN, Heebner NR. The Influence of Emergency Call Volume on Occupational Workload and Sleep Quality in Urban Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:580-589. [PMID: 38640943 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the impact of emergency call volume on exertion, autonomic activity, and sleep among urban structural firefighters. METHODS Thirty-four firefighters wore a wrist-based monitor to track sleep and autonomic parameters and rated their level of perceived exertion (Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion) and subjective sleepiness after a 24-hour shift. Predictive variables included total run time and total run time after 11:59 PM. RESULTS Total run time and sleep duration accounted for Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion and subjective sleepiness, while total run time and total run time after 11:59 PM accounted for sleep durations on-duty. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that emergency call volume is associated with indicators of exertion and sleep. As such, call volume tracking is an important consideration for departments to ensure personnel readiness and wellness and provide a method of tracking the occupational demands experienced by firefighters on-duty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Jelmini
- From the Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (J.D.J., N.R.H.); Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (P.A.G.); First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (M.G.A.); and Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (L.N.W.)
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Komarzynski S, Adams L, Davies EH. Case example of a female solo sailor competing in the Vendée Globe reveals extraordinary biological demands. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:793-802. [PMID: 38861588 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2365011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The Vendée Globe is a non-stop, unassisted, single-handed round the world sailing race. It is regarded as the toughest sailing race, requiring high cognitive functioning and constant alertness. Little is known about the amount of sleep restriction and nutritional deficit experienced at sea and effects that fatigue have on sailors' performance. This report aimed to investigate these aspects by monitoring one of the female participants of the latest Vendée Globe. Sleep, food intake and stress were self-reported daily using specific app. Cognitive assessments were digitally completed. Heart rate and activity intensity were measured using a wrist-worn wearable device. Mean self-report sleep duration per 24 h was 3 hours 40 minutes. By the end of the 95 race days, the sailor reached a caloric deficit of 27,900 kcal. On average, the sailor spent 50 minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous activity. Cognitive assessments did not show any effect of fatigue or stress on completion time or performance. Recent technological and communication advancement for offshore sailors, enabled continuous data to be monitored in near real time, even from the Southern Ocean. Moving forward this will enable greater understanding of when sailors will be at risk of poor decision making, illness or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Adams
- Operations, Pip Hare Ocean Racing, Poole, UK
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4
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Fitts RH, Wang X, Kwok WM, Camara AKS. Cardiomyocyte Adaptation to Exercise: K+ Channels, Contractility and Ischemic Injury. Int J Sports Med 2024. [PMID: 38648799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2296-7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and exercise-training (TRN) is known to reduce risk factors and protect the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Though the cardioprotective effects of exercise are well-documented, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review highlights recent findings and focuses on cardiac factors with emphasis on K+ channel control of the action potential duration (APD), β-adrenergic and adenosine regulation of cardiomyocyte function, and mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. TRN-induced prolongation and shortening of the APD at low and high activation rates, respectively, is discussed in the context of a reduced response of the sarcolemma delayed rectifier potassium channel (IK) and increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel. A proposed mechanism underlying the latter is presented, including the phosphatidylinositol-3kinase/protein kinase B pathway. TRN induced increases in cardiomyocyte contractility and the response to adrenergic agonists are discussed. The TRN-induced protection from reperfusion injury is highlighted by the increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel and the increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which aid in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondria-triggered apoptosis. Finally, a brief section is presented on the increased incidences of atrial fibrillation associated with age and in life-long exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Fitts
- Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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5
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Michaeli Izak E, Kodesh E, Weissman-Fogel I. Vagal tone, pain sensitivity and exercise-induced hypoalgesia: The effect of physical activity level. Eur J Pain 2024. [PMID: 38606718 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagal activity has analgesic effects that are attributed to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). High vagal tone and low pain sensitivity are reported in individuals who routinely exercise yet, their association is unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown if the heightened vagal tone following high physical activity predicts and intensifies EIH. METHODS Fifty-one healthy participants (27 low-moderately physically active; 27 females) underwent a resting-state electrocardiogram followed by heart rate variability analysis. Pain measurements, including pressure (PPT) and heat (HPT) pain thresholds, ratings of tonic heat pain (THP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm, were conducted pre- and post-exercise on a cycle ergometer. RESULTS The highly active group demonstrated higher vagal tone compared to the low-moderately active (root mean square of successive differences between R-R intervals: 63.96.92 vs. 34.78 ms, p = 0.018; percentage of successive R-R intervals that exceed 50 ms: 24.41 vs. 11.52%, p = 0.012). Based on repeated-measure ANOVA, the highly active group showed higher PPT at pre-exercise, compared to the low-moderately active group (382 kPa vs. 327 kPa; p = 0.007). Post-exercise, both groups demonstrated EIH, increased HPT (p = 0.013) and decreased THP ratings (p < 0.001). Linear regression revealed that only in the low-moderately active group, higher vagal tone was associated with more efficient pre-exercise CPM and a greater reduction in THP ratings post-exercise (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Highly active individuals demonstrate greater vagal tone and lower pain sensitivity but no greater EIH. Vagal tone moderates pain inhibition efficiency and EIH only in low-moderately active individuals. These findings suggest that physical activity level moderates the vagal-pain association via the endogenous analgesia system. SIGNIFICANCE Highly physically active individuals exhibit greater vagal tone and reduced sensitivity to experimental pain, yet they do not benefit more from exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) compared to low-moderately active individuals. Moreover, low-moderately active individuals with greater vagal tone exhibited more efficient endogenous pain inhibition and greater EIH, suggestive of the moderation effect of physical activity level on vagal-pain associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Michaeli Izak
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einat Kodesh
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Weissman-Fogel
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Liu K, Bai Y, Wu D, Zhang Z, Liao X, Wu H, Deng Q. Healthy lifestyle and essential metals attenuated association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with heart rate variability in coke oven workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114323. [PMID: 38237548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Whether adopting healthy lifestyles and maintaining moderate levels of essential metals could attenuate the reduction of heart rate variability (HRV) related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure are largely unknown. In this study, we measured urinary metals and PAHs as well as HRV, and constructed a healthy lifestyle score in 1267 coke oven workers. Linear regression models were used to explore the association of healthy lifestyle score and essential metals with HRV, and interaction analysis was performed to investigate the potential interaction between healthy lifestyle score, essential metals, and PAHs on HRV. Mean age of the participants was 41.9 years (84.5% male). Per one point higher healthy lifestyle score was associated with a 2.5% (95% CI, 1.0%-3.9%) higher standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals (SDNN), 2.1% (95% CI, 0.5%-3.6%) higher root mean square of successive differences in adjacent NN intervals (r-MSSD), 4.3% (95% CI, 0.4%-8.2%) higher low frequency, 4.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-8.5%) higher high frequency, and 4.4% (95% CI, 1.2%-7.6%) higher total power, respectively. Urinary level of chromium was positively associated with HRV indices, with the corresponding β (95% CI) (%) was 5.17 (2.84, 7.50) for SDNN, 4.29 (1.74, 6.84) for r-MSSD, 12.26 (6.08, 18.45) for low frequency, 12.61 (5.87, 19.36) for high frequency, and 11.31 (6.19, 16.43) for total power. Additionally, a significant interaction was found between healthy lifestyle score and urinary total hydroxynaphthalene on SDNN (Pinteraction = 0.04), and higher level of urinary chromium could attenuate the adverse effect of total hydroxynaphthalene level on HRV (all Pinteraction <0.05). Findings of our study suggest adopting healthy lifestyle and maintaining a relatively high level of chromium might attenuate the reduction of HRV related to total hydroxynaphthalene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Degang Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
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Kubica C, Ketelhut S, Querciagrossa D, Burger M, Widmer M, Bernhard J, Schneider M, Ries T, Nigg CR. Effects of a training intervention tailored to the menstrual cycle on endurance performance and hemodynamics. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:45-54. [PMID: 37800402 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the effects of block periodized training and training adapted to the menstrual cycle (MC) phases on endurance performance, cardiovascular parameters, recovery, and MC-related symptoms in active females. METHODS Fourteen naturally menstruating, moderately trained females (age: 24±3 years; BMI: 22.3±2.7) were randomized into an intervention (INT) and a control (CON) group. Throughout an 8-week intervention period, both groups participated in a polarized training program. In the INT, the training sessions were adapted to the MC with higher training loads within the mid and late follicular phase. Before and after the intervention maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), velocity and heart rate at ventilatory thresholds one and two (vVT1, vVT2, hrVT1, hrVT2), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (sBP, dBP), root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and the premenstrual assessment form (PAF) were assessed. RESULTS There were no significant time × group interaction effects in all physiological parameters (VO2max: P=0.890; vVT1: P=1.000; hrVT1: P=0.464; vVT2: P=0.356; hrVT2: P=0.762 sBP: P=0.948; dBP: P=0.203; RMSSD: P=0.257; SDNN: P=0.241; PWV: P=0.818), or psychological parameters (PAF: P=0.745). CONCLUSIONS Tailoring a polarized training program to the MC did not augment training responses compared to a regular training program in active females. However, a substantial portion of the training intervention in the CON was coincidentally matched to the MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kubica
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland -
| | - Sascha Ketelhut
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel Burger
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mara Widmer
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bernhard
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Ries
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio R Nigg
- Department of Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Shanks J, Pachen M, Chang JWH, George B, Ramchandra R. Cardiac Vagal Nerve Activity Increases During Exercise to Enhance Coronary Blood Flow. Circ Res 2023; 133:559-571. [PMID: 37641938 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phrase complete vagal withdrawal is often used when discussing autonomic control of the heart during exercise. However, more recent studies have challenged this assumption. We hypothesized that cardiac vagal activity increases during exercise and maintains cardiac function via transmitters other than acetylcholine. METHODS Chronic direct recordings of cardiac vagal nerve activity, cardiac output, coronary artery blood flow, and heart rate were recorded in conscious adult sheep during whole-body treadmill exercise. Cardiac innervation of the left cardiac vagal branch was confirmed with lipophilic tracer dyes (DiO). Sheep were exercised with pharmacological blockers of acetylcholine (atropine, 250 mg), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide; [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP 25 µg), or saline control, randomized on different days. In a subset of sheep, the left cardiac vagal branch was denervated. RESULTS Neural innervation from the cardiac vagal branch is seen at major cardiac ganglionic plexi, and within the fat pads associated with the coronary arteries. Directly recorded cardiac vagal nerve activity increased during exercise. Left cardiac vagal branch denervation attenuated the maximum changes in coronary artery blood flow (maximum exercise, control: 63.5±5.9 mL/min, n=8; cardiac vagal denervated: 32.7±5.6 mL/min, n=6, P=2.5×10-7), cardiac output, and heart rate during exercise. Atropine did not affect any cardiac parameters during exercise, but VIP antagonism significantly reduced coronary artery blood flow during exercise to a similar level to vagal denervation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that cardiac vagal nerve activity actually increases and is crucial for maintaining cardiac function during exercise. Furthermore, our findings show the dynamic modulation of coronary artery blood flow during exercise is mediated by VIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanks
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Mridula Pachen
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Joshua W-H Chang
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Bindu George
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Rohit Ramchandra
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
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Callahan CE, Stoner L, Zieff GH, Register-Mihalik JK. The Additive Benefits of Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training Postconcussion: Current Clinical Concepts. J Athl Train 2023; 58:602-610. [PMID: 35984726 PMCID: PMC10569252 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0186.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Concussion induces the rapid onset of a short-lived neurophysiological disturbance that often results in autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This dysfunction affects both cardiovascular functioning and higher cognitive processing, inducing postconcussion clinical symptoms (somatic, cognitive, or emotional or a combination) and functional disturbances (impaired balance, cognition, and visual-vestibular performance). Current concussion rehabilitation paradigms using aerobic exercise may improve concussion symptoms. Additionally, cognitive training-focused rehabilitation interventions may enhance cognitive function postinjury. Though aerobic exercise and cognitive training-based concussion rehabilitation are successful independently, the multifaceted nature of concussion suggests the potential benefit of integrating both to improve concussion outcomes and clinician implementation. To support this clinical recommendation, we critiqued the existing research in which authors investigated aerobic exercise and cognitive training as postconcussion rehabilitation modalities, identified keys gaps in the literature, and proposed a practical clinical recommendation to integrate both modalities during concussion rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Callahan
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lee Stoner
- Cardiometabolic Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Gabriel H. Zieff
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Cardiometabolic Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Johna K. Register-Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- STAR Heel Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Berthelsen LF, Douglas AJM, Dawkins TG, Curry BA, Philips D, Zaidi A, Yousef Z, Stembridge M, Steinback CD. The influence of training status and parasympathetic blockade on the cardiac rate, rhythm, and functional response to autonomic stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:270-282. [PMID: 36634321 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Apnea (breath-holding) elicits co-activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, affecting cardiac control. In situations of autonomic co-activation (e.g., cold water immersion), cardiac arrhythmias are observed during apnea. Chronic endurance training reduces resting heart rate in part via elevation in parasympathetic tone, and has been identified as a risk factor for development of arrhythmias. However, few studies have investigated autonomic control of the heart in trained athletes during stress. Therefore, we determined whether heightened vagal tone resulting from endurance training promotes a higher incidence of arrhythmia during apnea. We assessed the heart rate, rhythm (ECG lead II), and cardiac inotropic (speckle-tracking echocardiography) response to apnea in 10 endurance trained and 7 untrained participants. Participants performed an apnea at rest and following sympathetic activation using post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). All apneas were performed prior to control (CON) and following vagal block using glycopyrrolate (GLY). Trained participants had lower heart rates at rest (p = 0.03) and during apneas (p = 0.009) under CON. At rest, 3 trained participants exhibited instances of junctional rhythm and 4 trained participants developed ectopy during CON apneas, whereas 3 untrained participants developed ectopic beats only with concurrent sympathetic activation (PECO). Following GLY, no arrhythmias were noted in either group. Vagal block also revealed increased cardiac chronotropy (heart rate) and inotropy (strain rate) during apnea, demonstrating a greater sympathetic influence in the absence of parasympathetic drive. Our results highlight that endurance athletes may be more susceptible to ectopy via elevated vagal tone, whereas untrained participants may only develop ectopy through autonomic conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey F Berthelsen
- Neurovascular Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J M Douglas
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tony G Dawkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Centre for Lung and Cardiovascular Health, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Bryony A Curry
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Centre for Lung and Cardiovascular Health, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Daniel Philips
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Zaheer Yousef
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Craig D Steinback
- Neurovascular Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Canada
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Lemus SA, Volz M, Tiozzo E, Perry A, Best TM, Travascio F. The effect of clinically elevated body mass index on physiological stress during manual lifting activities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278858. [PMID: 36576923 PMCID: PMC9797066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) classified as obesity constitute 27.7% of U.S. workers. These individuals are more likely to experience work-related injuries. However, ergonomists still design work tasks based on the general population and normal body weight. This is particularly true for manual lifting tasks and the calculation of recommended weight limits (RWL) as per National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) guidelines. This study investigates the effects of BMI on indicators of physiological stress. It was hypothesized that, for clinically elevated BMI individuals, repeated manual lifting at RWL would produce physiological stress above safety limits. A repetitive box lifting task was designed to measure metabolic parameters: volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) and oxygen (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and energy expenditure rate (EER). A two-way ANOVA compared metabolic variables with BMI classification and gender, and linear regressions investigated BMI correlations. Results showed that BMI classification represented a significant effect for four parameters: VCO2 (p < 0.001), VO2 (p < 0.001), HR (p = 0.012), and EER (p < 0.001). In contrast, gender only had a significant effect on VO2 (p = 0.014) and EER (p = 0.017). Furthermore, significant positive relationships were found between BMI and VCO2 (R2 = 59.65%, p < 0.001), VO2 (R2 = 45.01%, p < 0.001), HR (R2 = 21.86%, p = 0.009), and EER (R2 = 50.83%, p < 0.001). Importantly, 80% of obese subjects exceeded the EER safety limit of 4.7 kcal/min indicated by NIOSH. Indicators of physiological stress are increased in clinically elevated BMI groups and appear capable of putting these individuals at increased risk for workplace injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Lemus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Mallory Volz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FT); (ET)
| | - Arlette Perry
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
- Laboratory of Clinical and Applied Physiology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Francesco Travascio
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Max Biedermann Institute for Biomechanics at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FT); (ET)
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Casanova-Lizón A, Manresa-Rocamora A, Flatt AA, Sarabia JM, Moya-Ramón M. Does Exercise Training Improve Cardiac-Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity in Sedentary People? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113899. [PMID: 36360777 PMCID: PMC9656115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the training-induced effect on cardiac parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, assessed by resting heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR), in sedentary healthy people. Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects models of between-group standardised mean difference (SMD) were estimated. Heterogeneity analyses were performed by means of the chi-square test and I2 index. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to investigate the influence of potential moderator variables on the training-induced effect. The results showed a small increase in RMSSD (SMD+ = 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.91]) and high frequency (HF) (SMD+ = 0.21 [95% CI = 0.01, 0.42]) in favour of the intervention group. Heterogeneity tests reached statistical significance for RMSSD and HF (p ≤ 0.001), and the inconsistency was moderate (I2 = 68% and 60%, respectively). We found higher training-induced effects on HF in studies that performed a shorter intervention or lower number of exercise sessions (p ≤ 0.001). Data were insufficient to investigate the effect of exercise training on HRR. Exercise training increases cardiac PNS modulation in sedentary people, while its effect on PNS tone requires future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casanova-Lizón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Manresa-Rocamora
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University—Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - José Manuel Sarabia
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya-Ramón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9666-52-046
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13
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Kushwaha P, Moiz JA, Mujaddadi A. Exercise training and cardiac autonomic function following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Egypt Heart J 2022; 74:67. [PMID: 36138168 PMCID: PMC9500144 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-022-00306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training improves cardiac autonomic function is still debatable in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of the present review is to assess the effect of exercise on CABG patient's heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) parameters. MAIN BODY Databases (PubMed, Web of Science and PEDro) were accessed for systematic search from inception till May 2022. Eleven potential studies were qualitatively analyzed by using PEDro and eight studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effect model, inverse-variance approach through which standardized mean differences (SMDs) were estimated. The analysis of pooled data showed that exercise training improved HRV indices of standard deviation of the R-R intervals (SDNN) [SMD 0.44, 95% CI 0.17, 0.71, p = 0.002], square root of the mean squared differences between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD) [SMD 0.68, 95% CI 0.28, 1.08, p = 0.0008], high frequency (HF) [SMD 0.58, 95% CI 0.18, 0.98, p = 0.005] and low frequency-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio [SMD - 0.34, 95% CI - 0.65, - 0.02, p = 0.03]. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training enhances cardiac autonomic function in CABG patients. Owing to the methodological inconsistencies in assessing HRV, the precise effect on autonomic function still remains conflicted. Future high-quality trials are needed focusing on precise methodological approach and incorporation of various types of exercise training interventions will give clarity regarding autonomic adaptations post-exercise training in CABG. Trial registration CRD42021230270 , February 19, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Kushwaha
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Aqsa Mujaddadi
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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14
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Lin LLC, Chen YJ, Lin TY, Weng TC. Effects of Resistance Training Intensity on Heart Rate Variability at Rest and in Response to Orthostasis in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10579. [PMID: 36078296 PMCID: PMC9517804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging and deficits related to decreased physical activity can lead to higher risks of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of resistance training (RT) at various intensities on hemodynamics as well as heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and in response to orthostatic tests in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Forty adults were randomized into three groups: high-intensity (HEX) (80% 1-RM) (11 female, 4 male; 60 ± 4 years); low-moderate-intensity (LEX) (50% 1-RM) (nine female, four male; 61 ± 5 years); and a control group (CON) (eight female, four male; 60 ± 4 years). The RT program consisted of nine exercises, with two sets performed of each exercise two times per week for 24 weeks. Data collected included 1-RM, heart rate, and blood pressure and HRV at rest and in response to orthostasis. RESULTS Both the HEX (42-94%) and LEX (31.3-51.7%) groups showed increases in 1-RM (p < 0.01). The HEX group showed decreases in resting heart rate (-4.0%), diastolic blood pressure (-3.2 mmHg (-4.2%)), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) (Ln ratio) (p < 0.05). Post-study, the HEX group had higher HF (Ln ms2) than the CON, adjusted for pre-study value and age (p < 0.05). Post-study, the supine-standing ratio (SSR) of LFn (normalized unit) in the HEX group was greater than that in the LEX and CON groups, while the SSR of LF/HF in the HEX group was greater than the CON (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high-intensity RT can improve resting heart rate and HRV by enhancing cardiac vagal control. High-intensity RT might also improve the orthostatic response in terms of HRV. High intensity RT might assist ANS modification and could perhaps decrease the risks of cardiovascular disease and orthostatic intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Li-Chuan Lin
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tai-You Lin
- National Sports Training Center, No. 399, Shiyun Blvd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Weng
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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15
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Comparison of Three-Month HIIT and CMT Effects on Left Ventricle Echocardiography Observations in Male Employees. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164795. [PMID: 36013034 PMCID: PMC9410475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify changes in echocardiographic parameters before and after three-month high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) in male employees. For this purpose, using a convenience sampling method, 33 male employees of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (office workers with a sedentary lifestyle) aged 30 through 40 were selected. Participants were divided into three groups of HIIT, CMT, and control (11 for each group) including all anthropometric data (body fat percentage, body mass index, height, weight, and VO2 max) with no history of chronic diseases, metabolic syndrome, confirmed heart disease or congenital heart defect, and hospitalization due to chronic diseases or consumption of medication affecting cardiovascular indicators. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the groups. The results demonstrated that the end-systolic volumes (ESVs) (p < 0.01) and relative wall thickness (RWT) in the CMT group (p < 0.01) and the end-diastolic volumes (EDVs) (p < 0.01), stroke volumes (SVs) (p < 0.01), end-systolic and diastolic diameters (ESD, EDD) (p < 0.01), as well as the RWT and left ventricle diastolic function (E/A ratio) in the HIIT group (p < 0.05) were significantly different before and after the 12-week training (Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparisons). The results revealed a significant increase in the end-systolic diameters (ESDs) of the HIIT group, whereas no such increase was observed in the ESDs of the CMT group (p < 0.51). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in left ventricular (LV) RWT and aerobic power of both training groups. The significant decrease of ESVs and the significant increase in E/A ratio, ESDs, EDDs following HIIT (two to three sessions per week) may indicate beneficial and optimal LV structural adaptations and improved LV function in nonathletes (even with a sedentary lifestyle).
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Effectiveness of Deep Water Running on Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Function and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159434. [PMID: 35954790 PMCID: PMC9367787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deep Water Running (DWR) is a form of aquatic aerobic exercise simulating the running patterns adopted on dry land. Little is known on the effectiveness of DWR despite gaining popularity. The objective of this study is to systematically review the effects of DWR on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and quality of life in healthy and clinical populations. A systematic search was completed using six databases, including SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, and The Cochrane Library, up to February 2022. Eleven studies evaluating the effectiveness of DWR on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical function, or quality of life (QoL), compared with no interventions (or standard treatment) or land-based trainings were identified. Data relevant to the review questions were extracted by two independent reviewers when means and standard deviations were reported, and standardized mean differences were calculated. A quality assessment was conducted using selected items from the Downs and Black checklist. A total of 11 clinical trials (7 randomized controlled trials) with a total of 287 participants were included. Meta-analyses were not completed due to the high level of clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies. Compared with land-based training, DWR showed similar effects on CRF with limited studies reporting outcomes of physical function and QoL compared with the no-exercise control group. DWR appears to be comparable to land-based training for improving CRF. The aquatic environment may provide some advantages for off-loaded exercise at high intensity in populations that are weak, injured or in pain, but more studies are required.
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17
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Lloyd A, Fiala D, Heyde C, Havenith G. A mathematical model for predicting cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise in demanding environmental conditions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:247-261. [PMID: 35652831 PMCID: PMC9342140 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00619.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research describes the development and validation of a cardiovascular model (CVR Model) for use in conjunction with advanced thermophysiological models, where usually only a total cardiac output is estimated. The CVR Model detailed herein estimates cardio-dynamic parameters (changes in cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate), regional blood flow, and muscle oxygen extraction, in response to rest and physical workloads, across a range of ages and aerobic fitness levels, as well as during exposure to heat, dehydration, and altitude. The model development strategy was to first establish basic resting and exercise predictions for cardio-dynamic parameters in an "ideal" environment (cool, sea level, and hydrated person). This basic model was then advanced for increasing levels of altitude, heat strain, and dehydration, using meta-analysis and reaggregation of published data. Using the estimated altitude- and heat-induced changes in maximum oxygen extraction and maximum cardiac output, the decline in maximum oxygen consumption at high altitude and in the heat was also modeled. A validation of predicted cardiovascular strain using heart rate was conducted using a dataset of 101 heterogeneous individuals (1,371 data points) during rest and exercise in the heat and at altitude, demonstrating that the CVR Model performs well (R2 = 0.82-0.84) in predicting cardiovascular strain, particularly at a group mean level (R2 = 0.97). The development of the CVR Model is aimed at providing the Fiala thermal Physiology & Comfort (FPC) Model and other complex thermophysiological models with improved estimations of cardiac strain and exercise tolerance, across a range of individuals during acute exposure to environmental stressors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present research promotes the adaption of thermophysiological modeling to the estimation of cardiovascular strain in individuals exercising under acute environmental stress. Integration with advanced models of human thermoregulation opens doors for detailed numerical analysis of athletes' performance and physiology during exercise, occupational safety, and individual work tolerability. The research provides a simple-to-validate metric of cardiovascular function (heart rate), as well as a method to evaluate key principles influencing exercise- and thermoregulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lloyd
- 1Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dusan Fiala
- 2ERGONSIM—Human Thermal Modelling, Messstetten, Germany
| | | | - George Havenith
- 1Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Corso M, de Figueiredo TC, Carvalho D, Brown AF, de Salles BF, Simão R, Willardson JM, Dias I. Effects of Strength Training on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability—A Systematic Review. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Baroreflex sensitivity derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre: A physiological protective factor for anxiety induced by breathing CO 2-enriched air. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:101-109. [PMID: 35809687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the capacity of baroreflex sensitivity, derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre (BRS_v), to predict state anxiety induced by a biological stressor (CO2 inhalation). Healthy adults (n = 50) breathed 7.5 % CO2-enriched air for 8 min, preceded and followed by breathing medical air for 5 min. State anxiety was evaluated with a visual analogue scale. Anxiety sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3; ASI-3) and trait anxiety (Trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI_T) served as cognitive-affective predictors. BRS_v was adopted as a physiological predictor. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BRS_v predicted lower anxiety during CO2 exposure, and attenuated the effect of ASI-3 in increasing anxiety. No significant effects were found for STAI_T. This is the first study to identify baroreflex sensitivity as a strong protective physiological factor for anxiety beyond the effect of anxiety sensitivity.
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Abbariki F, Roy M, Labrecque L, Drapeau A, Imhoff S, Smirl JD, Brassard P. Influence of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion on the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in young endurance-trained men. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15384. [PMID: 35822439 PMCID: PMC9277516 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported subtle dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) alterations following 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to exhaustion using transfer function analysis (TFA) on forced mean arterial pressure (MAP) oscillations in young endurance-trained men. However, accumulating evidence suggests the cerebrovasculature better buffers cerebral blood flow changes when MAP acutely increases compared to when MAP acutely decreases. Whether HIIT affects the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in these athletes is unknown. In 18 endurance-trained men (age: 27 ± 6 years, VO2 max: 55.5 ± 4.7 ml·kg-1 ·min-1 ), we evaluated the impact of 6 weeks of HIIT to exhaustion on dCA directionality using induced MAP oscillations during 5-min 0.05 and 0.10 Hz repeated squat-stands. We calculated time-adjusted changes in middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAv) per change in MAP (ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT ) for each squat transition. Then, we compared averaged ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT during MAP increases and decreases. Before HIIT, ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT was comparable between MAP increases and decreases during 0.05 Hz repeated squat-stands (p = 0.518). During 0.10 Hz repeated squat-stands, ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT was lower during MAP increases versus decreases (0.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.99 ± 0.23 cm·s-1 ·mmHg-1 , p = 0.030). Following HIIT, ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT was superior during MAP increases over decreases during 0.05 Hz repeated squat-stands (0.97 ± 0.38 vs. 0.77 ± 0.35 cm·s-1 ·mmHg-1 , p = 0.002). During 0.10 Hz repeated squat-stands, dCA directional sensitivity disappeared (p = 0.359). These results suggest the potential for HIIT to influence the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in young endurance-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abbariki
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Marc‐Antoine Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Lawrence Labrecque
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Audrey Drapeau
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Sarah Imhoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Integrated Concussion Research ProgramUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Concussion Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
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21
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Hwang J, Moon NR, Heine O, Yang WH. The ability of energy recovery in professional soccer players is increased by individualized low-intensity exercise. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270484. [PMID: 35771850 PMCID: PMC9246211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether individualized low-intensity exercise (ILIE) within the recovery domain before lactate threshold 1 (LT 1) improves energetic recovery and general endurance capacity in professional soccer players. Twenty-four professional soccer players (age: 24.53 ± 4.85 years, height: 180 ± 6.30 cm, body mass: 75.86 ± 8.01 kg, body fat: 12.19 ± 2.69%) participated in the study (n = 24). The 1-h ILIE intervention involved 27 jogging sessions spanning nine weeks and jogging speed corresponding to 72% of LT 1 (7.15 ± 0.95 km∙h−1). Pre-ILIE and post-ILIE LT testing variables measured within 9 weeks included blood lactate concentrations (La−) and heart rate (HR) at specific exercise intensities during ILIE LT test. The jogging/running speeds (S), delta (Δ) S, HR, and ΔHR were measured at 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mmol∙L−1 La−, respectively. Values of La− and HR at the same exercise intensities (5.4–16.2 km∙h−1) in the post-ILIE LT test compared with pre-ILIE LT test were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, S at all specific La− levels (1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0) were significantly increased, while HR at 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 La− decreased significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Low to moderate positive correlations were observed between ΔS and ΔHR at 1.5 and 2.0 La− (r = 0.52 and r = 0.40, respectively). The nine-week ILIE improved energy recovery and general endurance of professional soccer players. This relates to repeated high-intensity intermittent sprints during the 90-min soccer game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Hwang
- Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ram Moon
- Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver Heine
- Olympic Training Centre Rhineland, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Woo-Hwi Yang
- Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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22
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Pernar CH, Chomistek AK, Barnett JB, Ivey K, Al-Shaar L, Roberts SB, Rood J, Fielding RA, Block J, Li R, Willett WC, Parmigiani G, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Rimm EB. Validity and Relative Validity of Alternative Methods of Assessing Physical Activity in Epidemiologic Studies: Findings From the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1307-1322. [PMID: 35292800 PMCID: PMC9393066 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study (2011-2013), we examined the validity and relative validity of a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ), a Web-based 24-hour recall (Activities Completed Over Time in 24 Hours (ACT24)), and an accelerometer by multiple comparison methods. Over the course of 1 year, 609 men completed 2 PAQs, two 7-day accelerometer measurements, at least 1 doubly labeled water (DLW) physical activity level (PAL) measurement (n = 100 with repeat measurements), and 4 ACT24s; they also measured their resting pulse rate. A subset (n = 197) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n = 99 with repeated measurements). The method of triads was used to estimate correlations with true activity using DLW PAL, accelerometry, and the PAQ or ACT24 as alternative comparison measures. Estimated correlations of the PAQ with true activity were 0.60 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.52, 0.68) for total activity, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.79) for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.93) for vigorous activity. Corresponding correlations for total activity were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.63) for the average of 4 ACT24s and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.75) for accelerometry. Total activity and MVPA measured by PAQ, ACT24, and accelerometry were all significantly correlated with body fat percentage and resting pulse rate, which are physiological indicators of physical activity. Using a combination of comparison methods, we found the PAQ and accelerometry to have moderate validity for assessing physical activity, especially MVPA, in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric B Rimm
- Correspondence to Dr. Eric Rimm, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: )
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23
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Guo L, Huang W, Dai W, Yang J. Cross-country skiing and risk of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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The effect of a home-based coaching program on heart rate variability in subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Rehabil Res 2022; 45:201-208. [PMID: 35502452 DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic imbalance in stroke is characterized by increased sympathetic activity and reduced vagal nerve activity. Physical activity could be a strategy to counteract autonomic control impairments after a stroke. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on heart rate variability of a 6-month coaching program in a home setting in subacute stroke patients. Eighty-four stroke patients participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. The intervention was a coaching program, consisting of physical activity, home visits and a weekly phone call. Patients were evaluated after hospital discharge (T0) and at the end of the 6-month period (T1). Heart rate variability measures were recorded in the supine and orthostatic positions. Time and frequency domain values were treated using Kubios. Distance on 6 minutes walking test (6MWT), Barthel and motricity index and modified functional ambulation categories were evaluated. No effects were found on time and frequency domain values in the supine and orthostatic positions in either group. Walking distance on 6MWT increased significantly between T0 and T1 in experimental group (377 ± 141-448 ± 140 m; P < 0.02) with no effects in control group (373.6 ± 150.6-394.6 ± 176.4 m). No other functional effects were found. A coaching program in a home setting had no effect on heart rate variability, probably due to time of recovery and exercise intensity. Future research is needed to understand the lack of changes in heart rate variability by physical activity in subacute stroke patients.
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d'Entremont MA, Couture ÉL, Connelly K, Walling A, Jolly SS, Valettas N, Tsang MB, Mampuya W, Poirier P, Huynh T. Management of the master endurance athlete with stable coronary artery disease. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1450-1453. [PMID: 35489669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Master endurance athletes are individuals > 35 years of age who either train for or participate in competitions. Considering the potential burden of coronary artery disease in this population, clinicians should be aware of the inherent dangers of exercise. A tailored approach with shared decision-making, balancing risks and benefits of exercise, is recommended to ensure safe exercise in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Étienne L Couture
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke (QC), Canada
| | - Kim Connelly
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (ON), Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (ON), Canada; Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (ON), Canada
| | - Ann Walling
- Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Sanjit S Jolly
- McGill Health University Center, Montreal (QC), Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton (ON), Canada
| | - Nicholas Valettas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton (ON), Canada
| | - Micheal B Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton (ON), Canada
| | - Warner Mampuya
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke (QC), Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Thao Huynh
- McGill Health University Center, Montreal (QC), Canada.
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Becker L, Kaltenegger HC, Nowak D, Rohleder N, Weigl M. Differences in stress system (re-)activity between single and dual- or multitasking in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 17:78-103. [PMID: 35477383 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the age of digitization, multitasking requirements are ubiquitous, especially in the workplace. Multitasking (MT) describes the activity of performing multiple (at least two) tasks at the same time. Dual tasking (DT) refers to the sequential switching between two tasks. The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was first to investigate whether physiological stress systems become activated in response to or during MT/DT and, secondly, whether this (re-)activity is higher compared to single tasking. We focused on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS), the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and the immune system. The systematic review has been pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181415). A total of twenty-five articles were identified as eligible, in which n = 26 studies were reported, with N = 1,142 participants. Our main findings are that SNS activity is significantly higher and PNS activity is significantly lower during MT/DT than during single tasking. Only two studies were found, in which HPA axis (re-)activity was surveyed. No eligible study was identified in which immune system (re-)activity was investigated. This is the first systematic synthesis of the literature base showing that stress system activity is increased during MT/DT in comparison to single-tasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Becker
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helena C Kaltenegger
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigl
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany.,Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Kwok MM, Ng SS, Man S, So BC. The effect of aquatic High Intensity Interval Training on cardiometabolic and physical health markers in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:113-127. [PMID: 35228847 PMCID: PMC8851250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of Aquatic High Intensity Interval Training (AHIIT) on cardiometabolic and physical health markers in women. Methods Systematic search used 7 databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane, Embase, CINAL complete, PsycINFO). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Clinical trials compared AHIIT with a control group that receive no exercise training. We integrated randomized controlled trials published in English, and participants were women aged ≥18 years. The outcome of interest was the change in cardiometabolic and physical health markers. Results Among 242 articles screened, 18 articles (13 trials) were included in this meta-analysis comparing AHIIT (n = 261) with a control group (n = 215). The median PEDro score was 5.5 out of 10 (range, 4–8). AHIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake (Hedges' g 0.610; 95% CI 0.277–0.943; P < 0.001), reduced resting heart rate (Hedges' g −0.495; 95% CI -0.866 to −0.124; P < 0.05), as well as chair to stand test. (Hedges’ g 0.548; 95% CI 0.019 to 1.077; P < 0.05). Conclusion AHIIT has a moderate effect in improving cardiometabolic and physical health markers in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Billy C.L. So
- Corresponding author. Physiotherapy Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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de Paula Facioli T, Vieira Philbois S, Augusto Aguilar B, Catarine Veiga A, Celso Dutra de Souza H. Combined effects of angiotensin receptor blocker use and physical training in hypertensive men. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:372-381. [PMID: 35343339 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacological (angiotensin II receptor type 1 receptor blocker use) and non-pharmacological treatment (physical aerobic exercise) are important strategies to reduces blood pressure and control arterial hypertension; however, only few clinical studies have evaluated their combined effects on autonomic cardiovascular control. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a combination intervention that involved losartan administration and physical aerobic training on autonomic cardiovascular control. METHODS Thirty-two men (aged 40 to 60 years) were assigned into two groups: normotensive group, without any pharmacological treatment (NG, N = 16), or hypertensive group, with losartan administration (HG, N = 16). They underwent a physical aerobic training for 16 weeks, thrice a week. Hemodynamic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability, and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were measured before and after training. RESULTS Before training, both the groups showed similar values of hemodynamic parameters. However, the HG showed decreased BRS and HRV, characterized by reduction in sympathetic (p = .02) and vagal (p < .001) modulation. After training, the NG exhibited decreased heart rate (HR) at rest (p < .001), whereas the HG showed decreased HR at rest (p < .001) and blood pressure (BP) (p = .001). The HG showed decreased sympathetic modulation (p = .02) and increased BRS (p < .001) and vagal modulation (p < .001), but HRV (p < .001) and BRS gain (p < .001) remained significantly lower when compared to the NG. CONCLUSIONS Physical aerobic training was essential to improve the BRS and HRV cardiac autonomic modulation in the HG. However, it was not sufficient to normalize the analyzed autonomic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tábata de Paula Facioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Habitual aerobic exercise in healthy postmenopausal women does not augment basal cardiac autonomic activity yet modulates autonomic-metabolic interactions. Menopause 2022; 29:714-722. [PMID: 35324537 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of habitual exercise training and metabolic health on basal cardiac autonomic function and cardiac autonomic recovery after exercise in healthy postmenopausal women (PMW). METHODS Habitually aerobically trained PMW (PMW-tr; 56 ± 1y; n = 11), and untrained PMW (PMW-un; 57 ± 1y; n = 13) and premenopausal women (PreM; ages 26 ± 1y; n = 14) were studied. Cardiac autonomic function, assessed using heart rate variability (HRV), was measured before and one hour after 45-minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (60% VO2peak). Fast Fourier frequency domain measures of high (HF; 0.15 Hz-0.4 Hz), low (LF; 0.04 Hz-0.15 Hz), very low (VLF; 0.01 Hz-0.04 Hz), and Total (VLF+LF+HF) HRV were assessed. Serum estradiol, insulin, and glucose were determined, and HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance, was calculated. RESULTS In PMW groups, body composition and serum markers did not differ (P>0.05). Pre-exercise, heart rate was lower (P<0.05) in PMW-tr than PMW-un, yet HRV did not differ (P>0.05). In PMW-tr only, HF was inversely associated (P<0.05) with insulin (r = -0.738) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.758). In PreM, HRV was higher than PMW (P<0.05) and was positively correlated with estradiol (P<0.05). Postexercise, HRV was decreased within all groups (P<0.05) yet remained higher in PreM (P<0.05), and similar (P>0.05) between PMW. CONCLUSION Basal and postexercise HRV does not differ between habitually aerobically trained and untrained PMW. However, greater insulin sensitivity was associated with higher cardiac parasympathetic tone in trained PMW only. Exercise training may favorably modulate cardiac autonomic-metabolic interactions in PMW.
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Wundersitz DWT, Wright BJ, Gordon BA, Pompei S, Lavie CJ, Nadurata V, Nolan K, Kingsley MIC. Sympathovagal Balance Is a Strong Predictor of Post High-Volume Endurance Exercise Cardiac Arrhythmia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:848174. [PMID: 35388290 PMCID: PMC8978599 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.848174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is important for cardiovascular health. However, high-volume endurance exercise has been associated with increased number of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, including disturbances in cardiac rhythm (arrhythmias) and abnormalities in ECG pattern. The aim of this study was to assess if heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with ECG abnormalities. Fifteen participants with previous cycling experience completed a 21-day high-volume endurance exercise cycle over 3,515 km. Participants wore a 5-lead Holter monitor for 24 h pre- and post-exercise, which was used to quantify ECG abnormalities and export sinus R-to-R intervals (NN) used to calculate HRV characteristics. As noise is prevalent in 24-h HRV recordings, both 24-h and heart rate collected during stable periods of time (i.e., deep sleep) were examined. Participants experienced significantly more arrhythmias post high-volume endurance exercise (median = 35) compared to pre (median = 12; p = 0.041). All 24-h and deep sleep HRV outcomes were not different pre-to-post high-volume endurance exercise (p > 0.05). Strong and significant associations with arrhythmia number post-exercise were found for total arrhythmia (total arrhythmia number pre-exercise, ρ = 0.79; age, ρ = 0.73), supraventricular arrhythmia (supraventricular arrhythmia number pre-exercise: ρ = 0.74; age: ρ = 0.66), and ventricular arrhythmia (age: ρ = 0.54). As a result, age and arrhythmia number pre-exercise were controlled for in hierarchical regression, which revealed that only deep sleep derived low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) ratio post high-volume endurance exercise predicted post total arrhythmia number (B = 0.63, R2Δ = 34%, p = 0.013) and supraventricular arrhythmia number (B = 0.77, R2Δ = 69%, p < 0.001). In this study of recreationally active people, only deep sleep derived LF/HF ratio was associated with more total and supraventricular arrhythmias after high-volume endurance exercise. This finding suggests that measurement of sympathovagal balance during deep sleep might be useful to monitor arrhythmia risk after prolonged high-volume endurance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. T. Wundersitz
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Daniel W. T. Wundersitz,
| | - Bradley J. Wright
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett A. Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Pompei
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Kimberly Nolan
- Cardiology Department, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael I. C. Kingsley
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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A New Approach for Evaluation of Cardiovascular Fitness and Cardiac Responses to Maximal Exercise Test in Master Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061648. [PMID: 35329974 PMCID: PMC8955590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the cardiac autonomic function at rest, at maximum exercise, and in recovery after exercise and to determine sex-specific and age-specific values for resting heart rate (RHR), hear rate (HR)-peak, HR recovery (HRR), and HR variability at rest in master runners. Fifty endurance runners (21 women) participated in this study (43.28 ± 5.25 years). The subjects came from different athletic clubs in Andalusia (Spain), and the testing protocol was performed in-season. A 3-km running test was performed and the cardiovascular response was monitored. Regarding sex, no significant differences were found regarding cardiovascular autonomic function at rest, during exercise, and following maximal exercise, only at rest, the standard deviation of all R-R intervals and low frequency values displayed significantly (p < 0.05) lower scores in women. 46% of athletes showed an RHR < 60 bpm. Additionally, HR-peak showed a significant correlation with age (r = −0.369; p = 0.009) and HRR5min (r = 0.476, p = 0.001). Also, endurance performance was inversely associated with obesity traits and cardiometabolic risk factors. In summary, age, sex, fitness, or anthropometrics characteristics did not show a relevant influence on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in master runners. However, the 3-km performance displayed a significant negative association with several factors of cardiometabolic risk.
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Tai CC, Chen YL, Kalfirt L, Masodsai K, Su CT, Yang AL. Differences between Elite Male and Female Badminton Athletes Regarding Heart Rate Variability, Arterial Stiffness, and Aerobic Capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063206. [PMID: 35328902 PMCID: PMC8956041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health and aerobic capacity play crucial roles in determining the performance of athletes in the highly competitive sport of badminton. Few studies have directly compared heart rate variability (HRV), arterial stiffness, and aerobic capacity between male and female athletes, especially among badminton athletes. This study investigated sex differences in HRV, arterial stiffness, and aerobic capacity in badminton athletes. Elite badminton athletes were recruited and divided into male (n = 20, 21.0 ± 1.8 years old) and female (n = 16, 21.2 ± 2.3 years old) groups. Both groups performed an incremental treadmill running test for the evaluation of maximal oxygen consumption (V.O2max), anaerobic threshold, and time to exhaustion. They started exercising at a treadmill speed of 2.7 km/h and an inclination of 10% gradient for 3 min, and the speed and inclination were gradually increased every 3 min until they were exhausted or fatigued volitionally. HRV was examined using the Polar heart rate monitor over a period of 5 min at rest in the supine position. Subsequently, the index of arterial stiffness was examined under the same condition. Our results revealed significant differences between the male and female athletes in V.O2max (men: 60.38 ± 8.98 mL/kg/min, women: 48.13 ± 7.72 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), anaerobic threshold (men: 41.50 ± 7.26 mL/kg/min, women: 32.51 ± 6.19 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), time to exhaustion (men: 902.15 ± 120.15 s, women: 780.56 ± 67.63 s, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (men: 125.27 ± 7.76 mmHg, women: 107.16 ± 11.09 mmHg, p < 0.05), and arterial stiffness index (men: 63.56 ± 12.55, women: 53.83 ± 8.03, p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in HRV measures were observed between the two groups. These findings suggested that the male badminton athletes demonstrated significantly higher aerobic capacity than did the female athletes, but there were no significant differences in HRV measures. The female athletes exhibited superior arterial function, compared with their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Tai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yi-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ludek Kalfirt
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan;
| | - Kunanya Masodsai
- Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Chia-Ting Su
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-228-718-288 (ext. 5815)
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Manfredini F, Traina L, Gasbarro V, Straudi S, Caruso L, Fabbian F, Zamboni P, Manfredini R, Lamberti N. Structured pain-free exercise progressively improves ankle-brachial index and walking ability in patients with claudication and compressible arteries: an observational study. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:439-449. [PMID: 34499318 PMCID: PMC8964614 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), supervised exercise at near-moderate pain improves walking ability but not ankle-brachial index (ABI) values. In a retrospective observational study, we determined vascular and functional effects of a 6-month structured pain-free exercise program in patients with claudication and compressible vessels. Four-hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients were studied. Segmental limb pressures were measured and ABI calculated during circa-monthly hospital visits. The 6-min (6MWD) and the pain-free walking distance (PFWD) during the 6-min walking test were determined. Two daily 8-min sessions of slow-moderate in-home walking at increasing metronome-paced speed were prescribed. After excluding patients with unmeasurable ABI or incompletion of the program, 239 patients were studied. Safe and satisfactory (88%) execution of the prescribed training sessions was reported. During the visits, bilateral ABI improved (+ 0.07; p < 0.001) as well as the segmental pressures in the more impaired limb, with changes already significant after 5 weeks of slow walking. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased overtime (F = 46.52; p < 0.001; F = 5.52; p < 0.001, respectively). 6MWD and PFWD improved (41[0‒73]m p < 0.001 and 107[42‒190]m p < 0.001, respectively) with associated decrease of walking heart rate (F = 15.91; p < 0.001) and Physiological Cost Index (F = 235.93; p < 0.001). The variations of most parameters at different visits correlated to the training load calculated. In a regression model, the PFWD variations directly correlated with rate sessions completed, training load and ABI change and inversely with the baseline value (R2 = 0.27; p < 0.001). In the PAD population studied, moderate pain-free exercise improved ABI with associated progressive functional and cardiovascular changes occurring regardless of subjects characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Traina
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular Diseases Center, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Hill JR, Caldwell BS. Assessment of Physiological Responses During Field Science Task Performance: Feasibility and Future Needs. Front Physiol 2022; 13:779873. [PMID: 35153826 PMCID: PMC8826475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.779873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective By understanding the physiological demands of different types of tasks that will be performed during extravehicular activity (EVA) on Mars, human performance safety risks can be mitigated. In addition, such understanding can assist in planning EVAs with an appropriate balance of human health and safety with scientific mission return. Background This paper describes the results of a study of technical feasibility performed within a Mars human research analog, with participants conducting scientifically relevant planetary science sample analysis and return tasks in two distinct field locations. Methods The authors collected heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) data, using commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software from study participants as they performed field science tasks within a concept of operations for a Mars science return human expedition mission. These data were remotely monitored, shared in real time, and later analyzed to identify different responses to different tasks in order to determine if there were any predictable or consistent patterns among participants. Results It was ultimately determined that, while differences exist between responses to tasks, they are highly subject to multiple sources of individual variability, dynamics of evolving field science tasks, and demands of a demanding physical environment. Further, distributional analyses of participants do not support parametric statistical analysis techniques. Conclusion The authors conclude that the physiology of individual astronauts should be extensively studied and modeled to support individualized automated monitoring tools for each crew member that is sent to Mars. Application: Physiological monitoring for specialized populations will require significant individual-level analysis, baselining, and bootstrap statistical methods to enable appropriate human performance determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Hill
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Barrett S Caldwell
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Oeschger R, Roos L, Wyss T, Buller MJ, Veenstra BJ, Gilgen-Ammann R. Influence of Soldiers' Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Physiological Responses and Dropouts During a Loaded Long-distance March. Mil Med 2022; 188:usab540. [PMID: 35015894 PMCID: PMC10363014 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In military service, marching is an important, common, and physically demanding task. Minimizing dropouts, maintaining operational readiness during the march, and achieving a fast recovery are desirable because the soldiers have to be ready for duty, sometimes shortly after an exhausting task. The present field study investigated the influence of the soldiers' cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological responses during a long-lasting and challenging 34 km march. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate (HR), body core temperature (BCT), total energy expenditure (TEE), energy intake, motivation, and pain sensation were investigated in 44 soldiers (20.3 ± 1.3 years, 178.5 ± 7.0 cm, 74.8 ± 9.8 kg, body mass index: 23.4 ± 2.7 kg × m-2, peak oxygen uptake ($\dot{\rm{V}}$O2peak): 54.2 ± 7.9 mL × kg-1 × min-1) during almost 8 hours of marching. All soldiers were equipped with a portable electrocardiogram to record HR and an accelerometer on the hip, all swallowed a telemetry pill to record BCT, and all filled out a pre- and post-march questionnaire. The influence of aerobic capacity on the physiological responses during the march was examined by dividing the soldiers into three fitness groups according to their $\dot{\rm{V}}$O2peak. RESULTS The group with the lowest aerobic capacity ($\dot{\rm{V}}$O2peak: 44.9 ± 4.8 mL × kg-1 × min-1) compared to the group with the highest aerobic capacity ($\dot{\rm{V}}$O2peak: 61.7 ± 2.2 mL × kg-1 × min-1) showed a significantly higher (P < .05) mean HR (133 ± 9 bpm and 125 ± 8 bpm, respectively) as well as peak BCT (38.6 ± 0.3 and 38.4 ± 0.2 °C, respectively) during the march. In terms of recovery ability during the break, no significant differences could be identified between the three groups in either HR or BCT. The energy deficit during the march was remarkably high, as the soldiers could only replace 22%, 26%, and 36% of the total energy expenditure in the lower, middle, and higher fitness group, respectively. The cardiorespiratory fittest soldiers showed a significantly higher motivation to perform when compared to the least cardiorespiratory fit soldiers (P = .002; scale from 1 [not at all] to 10 [extremely]; scale difference of 2.3). A total of nine soldiers (16%) had to end marching early: four soldiers (21%) in the group with the lowest aerobic capacity, five (28%) in the middle group, and none in the highest group. CONCLUSION Soldiers with a high $\dot{\rm{V}}$O2peak showed a lower mean HR and peak BCT throughout the long-distance march, as well as higher performance motivation, no dropouts, and lower energy deficit. All soldiers showed an enormous energy deficit; therefore, corresponding nutritional strategies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Oeschger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen CH-2532, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Roos
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen CH-2532, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wyss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen CH-2532, Switzerland
| | - Mark J Buller
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Bertil J Veenstra
- Institute of Training Medicine & Training Physiology, Royal Netherlands Army, Utrecht 3584 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Rahel Gilgen-Ammann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen CH-2532, Switzerland
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Suk MH, Kwon JY. Effect of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:51-59. [PMID: 35085017 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: To determine the effects of an equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) program on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Design: An evaluator-blinded, parallel, two-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial with 1:1 randomization. Settings/Location: A tertiary university hospital and a local arena. Subjects: Forty-six children with CP (24 boys and 22 girls) classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I, II, or III were included. Interventions: The EAAT program was conducted for 40 min twice a week for 16 weeks (32 lessons). Outcome measures: Clinical global impression scales, motor capacity, cardiopulmonary fitness, and habitual physical activity was measured on both groups before and after the 16-week period. Results: Changes in the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale scores were not different between the groups after the intervention. Analysis of covariance revealed statistically significant differences in Gross Motor Function Measure 66 (GMFM 66) (p < 0.05) and Pediatric Balance Scale (p < 0.001) in motor capacity and resting heart rate (HRrest) (p < 0.001) in CRF, between the EAAT group and the control group. Subgroup analysis using multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the GMFM 66 changes had a statistically significant effect on the HRrest changes in the EAAT group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study showed decreased HRrest in children with CP after completing the 16-week EAAT program. This improvement was explained by the improvement of GMFM 66 in the EAAT group. Thus, EAAT may be among the endurance training programs that could be offered to children with CP to improve their CRF. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03870893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hwa Suk
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University of Education, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yi Kwon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nelson MJ, Buckley JD, Thomson RL, Bellenger CR, Davison K. Markers of Cardiac Autonomic Function During Consecutive Day Peak Exercise Tests in People With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 12:771899. [PMID: 34970156 PMCID: PMC8713453 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) have been shown to exhibit altered ventilatory characteristics on the second of two progressive maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) performed on consecutive days. However, maximal exercise can exacerbate symptoms for ME/CFS patients and cause significant post-exertional malaise. Assessment of heart rate (HR) parameters known to track post-exertional fatigue may represent more effective physiological markers of the condition and could potentially negate the need for maximal exercise testing. Sixteen ME/CFS patients and 10 healthy controls underwent a sub-maximal warm-up followed by CPET on two consecutive days. Ventilation, ratings of perceived exertion, work rate (WR) and HR parameters were assessed throughout on both days. During sub-maximal warm-up, a time effect was identified for the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power of HR variability (p=0.02) during sub-maximal warm-up, and for HR at ventilatory threshold (p=0.03), with both being higher on Day Two of testing. A significant group (p<0.01) effect was identified for a lower post-exercise HR recovery (HRR) in ME/CFS patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of HRR revealed an area under the curve of 74.8% (p=0.02) on Day One of testing, with a HRR of 34.5bpm maximising sensitivity (63%) and specificity (40%) suggesting while HRR values are altered in ME/CFS patients, low sensitivity and specificity limit its potential usefulness as a biomarker of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian J Nelson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Clint R Bellenger
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kayacan Y, Makaracı Y, Ozgocer T, Ucar C, Yıldız S. Cortisol Awakening Response and Heart Rate Variability in the Menstrual Cycle of Sportswomen. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:760-769. [PMID: 32853053 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1774486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the activities of heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol secretion as markers of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) during the menstrual cycle in female athletes. Method: Saliva samples of the participants (n = 28) were collected successively at 0, 15, 30, and 60 min after awakening to assess cortisol awakening response (CAR) during each of four phases of the menstrual cycle (the menstruation, ovulation, luteal, and premenstrual phases). Diurnal saliva samples were collected at noon, in the evening (17:00) and 22:00 for cortisol analysis. HRV was measured in the menstrual and premenstrual phases at rest (12:00-14:00). Results: There was no difference between CAR parameters in the menstrual phases. CAR parameters and diurnal cortisol levels were significantly correlated with each other throughout the menstrual cycle. Mean cortisol was a strong predictor of the area under the curve (AUC: S = 0.042; R-Sq = 98.4%). Time-dependent parameters of HRV (standard deviation of the N-N interval [SDNN; P = .049] and the root mean square of the successive R-R differences [rMSSD; P = .038]) were significantly higher in the menstrual phase. There were no correlations between CAR and HRV parameters. Conclusions: We suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and the autonomic nervous system work in a separate manner that is not affected by the menstrual phases in sportswomen. The present study contributed to a better understanding of the relationship between the dynamics of cortisol release and the autonomic nervous system in different phases of the menstrual cycle in female athletes.
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Outdoor Fitness Equipment Intervention in Achieving Fitness Goals for Seniors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312508. [PMID: 34886234 PMCID: PMC8657271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the popularity of outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) in public spaces with the aim of increasing physical activity (PA), very little research has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the equipment’s use, especially for achieving the target fitness goal. This study designed an OFE training protocol incorporating four modalities of PA: endurance (air walker and ski machine), resistance (rowing machine and bonny rider), flexibility (arm stretch and shoulder wheel), and balance exercise (waist twister). Seniors who completed the protocol demonstrated that for endurance training, participants were at moderate intensity from heart rate and perceived exertion, while significantly improving cardiac endurance in the two min step test. For resistance/flexibility/balance interventions, only the handgrip strength test, the 30 s chair stand test, the right-hand shoulder flexion test, the right-hand shoulder horizontal abduction test, the single-leg stance test, and the eyes open foam surface clinical test for sensory balance were significant, using a repeated measure analysis of variance. The results demonstrated that older adults aim for the OFE target for specific fitness goals can reach moderate intensity and improve their cardiorespiratory endurance. Yet, results for resistance/flexibility/balance are inconclusive. More studies are needed to carefully assess the effectiveness of using OFE.
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40
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Wenting W, Yeran J, Wenfeng Z, Faping L, Pingyou Z, Hongxuan Z. Increased resting heart rate and glucose metabolism in a community population. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211053754. [PMID: 34814744 PMCID: PMC8647235 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Resting heart rate (RHR) independently predicts cardiovascular death.
Increased RHR is related to chronic diseases, but community-based studies
are rare. We investigated this population and factors related to RHR. Methods In total, 374 participants underwent medical examinations from March 2019 to
December 2019. Participants were divided into groups with low RHR (LRHR;
<65 beats/minute) and high RHR (HRHR; ≥65 beats/minute). RHR was judged
using resting electrocardiogram at physical examination. We conducted
laboratory examinations, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting
plasma glucose (FPG), and blood lipids, among participants with chronic
diseases. We used Cox proportional risk regression and multivariate analyses
for the following covariates: previous chronic diseases, body mass index
(BMI), smoking, blood lipids, and FPG. Results The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HbA1c values were both
significantly higher in the HRHR group than in the LRHR group. Spearman
correlation analysis showed RHR had a positive correlation with low-density
lipoprotein, BMI, FPG, and HbA1c (r = 0.104574, 0.117266, 0.116041, and
0.311761, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed age,
hypertension, T2DM, and HbA1c were factors influencing RHR. Conclusion RHR showed strong correlation with T2DM and HbA1c in our community
population, suggesting that RHR may be a risk factor for cardiovascular
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wenting
- Guangdong Civil Servant Health Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yeran
- Guangdong Civil Servant Health Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wenfeng
- Guangdong Civil Servant Health Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Faping
- Guangdong Civil Servant Health Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Pingyou
- Guangdong Civil Servant Health Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Hongxuan
- Guangdong Civil Servant Health Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Souza HCD, Philbois SV, Veiga AC, Aguilar BA. Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Fitness: What We Know so Far. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:701-711. [PMID: 34803382 PMCID: PMC8598208 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s279322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuation analysis in intervals between heartbeats provides important indices related to autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). These indices are considered predictors of morbidity and mortality as they are frequently altered in patients with chronic degenerative diseases, especially in those with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Similarly, a reduction in HRV is common with aging. In all cases, cardiovascular fitness is often reduced to below the predicted values. In turn, increases in cardiovascular fitness through regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, represent an important therapeutic tool capable of promoting positive adjustments in cardiac autonomic modulation. These adjustments are characterized by reduced sympathetic modulatory influence and/or increased vagal modulatory influence on the heart, increasing the HRV. Therefore, several methodological tools have been used to assess the degree of impairment of autonomic modulation and the therapeutic effects of physical exercise. In contrast, establishment of strict protocols in experimental design is a main challenge in establishing HRV analysis as a robust parameter for evaluating cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, this review aimed to contribute to the understanding of autonomic modulation of HRV and its relationship with cardiovascular fitness, highlighting the advances made thus far, the applicability of analysis tools, and the confounding factors observed frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Celso Dutra Souza
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yeak Dieu Siang J, Mohamed MNAB, Mohd Ramli NB, Zahari MB. Effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2265-2273. [PMID: 34747249 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise may potentially provide an adjunctive measure to help control intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, currently, there is still no substantial evidence that regular exercise can produce a prolonged effect of intraocular pressure reduction. We aim to determine the effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure in healthy individuals. METHODS We conducted a prospective, interventional study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Our subjects consist of 45 healthy participants in the intervention arm, and 38 healthy control participants who were age- and gender-matched. The intervention arm was enrolled into a supervised exercise programme for a 6-week period, where controls were asked to continue their usual daily lifestyle. The intervention consists of three sessions every week, which focused on aerobic exercise and strength training. RESULTS Baseline intraocular pressure was measured, and then remeasured again at the end of 6 weeks of exercise conditioning. In the intervention group, there was a reduction of baseline intraocular pressure from pre-intervention mean intraocular pressure of 15.55 ± 2.63 mmHg, down to 13.36 ± 3.16 mmHg at 6 weeks, a statistically significant reduction of -2.18 ± 2.25 mmHg (p < 0.001) post-intervention. On the other hand, the control group recorded a non-statistically significant mean increase of 0.63 ± 2.47 mmHg (p = 0.123) at 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that regular exercise results in a significant intraocular pressure reduction in healthy individuals.
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Nakahara H, Ueda SY, Kawai E, Higashiura R, Miyamoto T. Effects of pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation on heart rate response during short-duration exercise. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 34656165 PMCID: PMC8520193 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bradycardia induced by pre-exercise acupuncture on heart rate responses during short-duration exercise. Methods A total of 29 healthy subjects underwent two protocols: protocol 1 assessed the effects of manual acupuncture on heart rate response during rest, and protocol 2 tested the hypothesis that the bradycardic effects induced by pre-exercise acupuncture continue during low- and high-intensity exercise. Their average age, height, weight, and body mass index were 21.2 ± 2.0 years, 167.2 ± 8.8 cm, 63.8 ± 12.8 kg, and 22.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively. In acupuncture stimulations for protocols 1 and 2, an acupuncture needle was inserted into the lower leg and manual acupuncture stimulation was performed at 1 Hz. Results In protocol 1 (resting condition), acupuncture stimulation induced a bradycardic response, which continued for 4 min after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p < 0.05). In protocol 2, the bradycardic response induced by pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation remained during low-intensity exercise and in the beginning of high-intensity exercise performed immediately after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p < 0.05). However, the effects disappeared when post-acupuncture exercise was performed when the heart rate was approximately 140 beats/min during high-intensity exercise. The rating of perceived exertion after exercise differed significantly between the acupuncture stimulation task (7.9 ± 1.6) and no-stimulation task (8.5 ± 2.0) (p = 0.03) only in the low intensity group. Conclusion This study may provide new insights into the effect of acupuncture stimulation on psycho-physiological conditions during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Nakahara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, 1-26-16 Nankokita, Suminoe, Osaka City, Osaka, 559-8611, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ya Ueda
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eriko Kawai
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Laboratory for, Pathophysiological and Health Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rui Higashiura
- Osaka Kyoiku University Graduate School of Education, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human Environment Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Wellness 2008, 3-1-1, Nakagaito, Daito, Osaka, 573-1004, Japan
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Westphal WP, Rault C, Robert R, Ragot S, Neau JP, Fernagut PO, Drouot X. Sleep deprivation reduces vagal tone during an inspiratory endurance task in humans. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab105. [PMID: 33895822 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation alters inspiratory endurance by reducing inspiratory motor output. Vagal tone is involved in exercise endurance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on vagal tone adaptation in healthy subjects performing an inspiratory effort. METHODS Vagal tone was assessed using Heart Rate Variability normalized units of frequency domain component HF (high frequency) before, at the start, and the end of an inspiratory loading trial performed until exhaustion by 16 volunteers after one night of sleep deprivation and one night of normal sleep, where sleep deprivation reduced the inspiratory endurance by half compared to the normal sleep condition (30 min vs 60 min). RESULTS At rest, heart rate was similar in sleep deprivation and normal sleep conditions. In normal sleep condition, heart rate increased during inspiratory loading task; this increase was greater in sleep deprivation condition. In normal sleep condition, vagal tone increased at the beginning of the trial. This vagal tone increase was absent in sleep deprivation condition. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation abolished vagal tone response to inspiratory load, possibly contributing to a higher heart rate during the trial and to a reduced inspiratory endurance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02725190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy-Paul Westphal
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Rault
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - René Robert
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Neau
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Drouot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
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Chihaoui Mamlouk A, Younes M, Zarrouk F, Shephard R, Bouhlel E. Heart rate variability and stress perception: The influence of physical fitness. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Krassovskaia PM, Chaves AB, Houmard JA, Broskey NT. Exercise during Pregnancy: Developmental Programming Effects and Future Directions in Humans. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:107-118. [PMID: 34344043 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood, indicating that chronic diseases could be influenced by hormonal or metabolic insults encountered in utero. This concept, now known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, postulates that the intrauterine environment may alter the structure and function of the organs of the fetus as well as the expression of genes that impart an increased vulnerability to chronic diseases later in life. Lifestyle interventions initiated during the prenatal period are crucial as there is the potential to attenuate progression towards chronic diseases. However, how lifestyle interventions such as physical activity directly affect human offspring metabolism and the potential mechanisms involved in regulating metabolic balance at the cellular level are not known. The purpose of this review is to highlight the effects of exercise during pregnancy on offspring metabolic health and emphasize gaps in the current human literature and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M Krassovskaia
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Alec B Chaves
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
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Charron J, Soto-Catalan C, Marcotte L'Heureux V, Comtois AS. Unclear outcomes of heart rate variability following a concussion: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2021; 35:987-1000. [PMID: 34255607 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1891459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE : To systematically regroup articles that were published since the latest systematic search, but with specific inclusion criteria to help comparison that will offer a focused presentation of methods and results. This will offer a full overview of HRV's behavior at rest and during exercise in adults post-concussion. METHODS : The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. A computer-based systematic search was conducted in December 2019 through the Pubmed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases. A manual search was performed through the reference list of all articles retained. The reliability of the systematic search was assured by having the article selection process entirely repeated by a second author. RESULTS : The systematic search yielded a total of 15 articles to be further analyzed. Results show impairment of HRV during exercise for individuals with concussion, heterogenous studies with lack of control over confounding factors and only less than half of the results showing a significant difference between individuals with concussion and controls. CONCLUSION : Further research should try standardizing HRV measurement protocols that control confounding factors to allow easier comparison between studies and allows the possibility for an eventual meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charron
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Soto-Catalan
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - V Marcotte L'Heureux
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - A S Comtois
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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48
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Versic S, Idrizovic K, Ahmeti GB, Sekulic D, Majeric M. Differential Effects of Resistance- and Endurance-Based Exercise Programs on Muscular Fitness, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Variables in Young Adult Women: Contextualizing the Efficacy of Self-Selected Exercise Modalities. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:654. [PMID: 34202379 PMCID: PMC8304697 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is an evident lack of research simultaneously investigating endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) with regard to their potential influence on fitness and health status in young women. This study aimed to determine the effects of RT and ET three times a week over an eight-week period on anthropometric/body composition indices, blood pressure (BP), and muscular fitness in apparently healthy young women who participated in a self-preferred program. The sample of participants comprised 57 young healthy women (23.9 ± 3.08 years, 165.5 ± 5.8 cm, 66.8 ± 7.2 kg) divided into ET (n = 18), RT (n = 19), and non-exercising (C) (n = 20) groups. The variables consisted of anthropometric/body composition indices (body mass, BMI, body fat, and lean body mass), muscular fitness variables (lower body strength, upper body strength, abdominal strength, dynamometric force, and flexibility), and cardiovascular parameters (resting heart rate and systolic and diastolic BP). A pre- and post-testing design, with factorial analysis of variance for repeated measurements (ANOVA: Group × Measurement), including a consecutive post hoc test, was applied. The ANOVA indicated a similar improvement in body composition (increase in lean body mass and decrease in body fat percentage), resting heart rate, and flexibility in both of the exercise groups, with no significant changes in the C group. RT improved the participants' strength and force capacities to a greater extent than ET. BP showed a trend of improvement in both of the training groups, but without statistically significant pre- to post-changes. Correlation analysis calculated with variables of pre- to post-differences (VDs) indicated poor associations between VDs, indicating relative independence of the obtained effects for the different variables in each training group. Although this investigation comprised apparently healthy young women, numerous positive changes indicated the efficacy of both programs in a relatively short period of time. While the participants in this study self-selected training programs, the evidenced positive effects can be at least partially related to this fact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Kemal Idrizovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, 81400 Niksic, Montenegro;
| | - Gentiana Beqa Ahmeti
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo;
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Matej Majeric
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 10000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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49
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Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Cavero-Redondo I, Lee I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Reina-Gutierrez S, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Resting Heart Rate as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1354. [PMID: 33806038 PMCID: PMC8037294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed to synthetize the evidence available about the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of cancer mortality. A computerized search in the Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to 24 September 2020 was performed. We performed three meta-analyses: (1) cancer mortality comparing the "less than 60 bpm" and "more than 60 bpm" categories; (2) cancer mortality comparing "less than 60 bpm", "60 to 80 bpm", and "more than 80 bpm" categories; and (3) analysis for 10-12 and 20 bpm increase in RHR and risk of cancer mortality. Twenty-two studies were included in the qualitative review, and twelve of them met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Our results showed a positive association between RHR and the risk of cancer mortality. This association was shown in a meta-analysis comparing studies reporting mean RHR values below and above 60 bpm, when comparing three RHR categories using less than 60 bpm as the reference category and, finally, in dose response analyses estimating the effect of an increase of 10-12 bpm in RHR, both in men and in women. In conclusion, a low RHR is a potential marker of low risk of cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (D.P.P.-C.); (C.Á.-B.); (S.R.-G.); (V.M.-V.)
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (D.P.P.-C.); (C.Á.-B.); (S.R.-G.); (V.M.-V.)
- Rehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES), Universidad de las Americas, Echaurren Street 140, 2nd Floor, 72819 Santiago, Chile
| | - I.M. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (D.P.P.-C.); (C.Á.-B.); (S.R.-G.); (V.M.-V.)
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción 001518, Paraguay
| | - Sara Reina-Gutierrez
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (D.P.P.-C.); (C.Á.-B.); (S.R.-G.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (D.P.P.-C.); (C.Á.-B.); (S.R.-G.); (V.M.-V.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 1670 Talca, Chile
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50
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Effects of Individualized Low-Intensity Exercise and Its Duration on Recovery Ability in Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030249. [PMID: 33804318 PMCID: PMC7999698 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is recommended to increase physical health and performance. However, it is unclear how low-intensity exercise (LIE) of different durations may affect or improve recovery ability. This study aimed to investigate how LIE-duration with the same volume affects recovery ability in adults. Twenty healthy male adults participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the 30-min (n = 10) or the 1-h LIE group (n = 10). The intervention included sixteen exercise sessions/four weeks with a 30-min LIE group, and eight exercise sessions/four weeks with a 1-h LIE group. Heart rate (HR) corresponding to <2 mmol∙L-1 blood lactate (La-) was controlled for LIE. Pre- and post-testing was conducted before and after 4-week LIE and tests included jogging/running speed (S), HR, and differences (delta; ∆) in HR and S between pre- and post-testing at 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mmol∙L-1 La-. Only the HR at 2.0 mmol∙L-1 La- of the 30-min LIE group was decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p = 0.043). The jogging/running speed of the 1-h LIE group was improved in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, p = 0.002, respectively). ∆HR at 2.0 and ∆S between the 30-min and 1-h LIE group at 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mmol∙L-1 La- were significantly different (p = 0.023, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.019, respectively). Furthermore, moderate to high positive correlations between ∆HR and ∆S of all subjects at 1.5 (r = 0.77), 2.0 (r = 0.77), and 4.0 (r = 0.64) mmol∙L-1 La- were observed. The 1-h LIE group showed improved endurance not only in the low-intensity exercise domain, but also in the beginning of the moderate to high-intensity exercise domain while the 30-min LIE group was not affected by the 4-week LIE intervention. Therefore, LIE (<2.0 mmol∙L-1) for at least 1-h, twice a week, for 4 weeks is suggested to improve recovery ability in adults.
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