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Kitaichi M, Kato T, Oki H, Tatara A, Kawada T, Miyazaki K, Ishikawa C, Kaneda K, Shimizu I. DSP-6745, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine modulator with rapid antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipsychotic and procognitive effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06629-2. [PMID: 38856765 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of major depressive disorder is facing challenges, including a low remission rate, late onset of efficacy, and worsening severity due to comorbid symptoms such as psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is involved in a wide variety of psychiatric diseases and its potential as a drug target continues to attract attention. OBJECTIVES The present study elucidates the effects of a novel 5-HT modulator, DSP-6745, on depression and its comorbid symptoms. RESULTS In vitro radioligand binding and functional assays showed that DSP-6745 is a potent inhibitor of 5-HT transporter and 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptors. In vivo, DSP-6745 (6.4 and 19.1 mg/kg as free base, p.o.) increased the release of not only 5-HT, norepinephrine, and dopamine, but also glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex. The results of in vivo mouse phenotypic screening by SmartCube® suggested that DSP-6745 has a behavioral signature combined with antidepressant-, anxiolytic-, and antipsychotic-like signals. A single oral dose of DSP-6745 (6.4 and 19.1 mg/kg) showed rapid antidepressant-like efficacy in the rat forced swim test, even at 24 h post-dosing, and anxiolytic activity in the rat social interaction test. Moreover, DSP-6745 (12.7 mg/kg, p.o.) led to an improvement in the apomorphine-induced prepulse inhibition deficit in rats. In the marmoset object retrieval with detour task, which is used to assess cognitive functions such as attention and behavioral inhibition, DSP-6745 (7.8 mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced cognition. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that DSP-6745 is a multimodal 5-HT receptor antagonist and a 5-HT transporter inhibitor and has the potential to be a rapid acting antidepressant with efficacies in mitigating the comorbid symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Kitaichi
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Taro Kato
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Oki
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tatara
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawada
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyazaki
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ishikawa
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Isao Shimizu
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
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Han Y, Yan H, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Li P, Zhao J, Guo W. Shared and distinctive neural substrates of generalized anxiety disorder with or without depressive symptoms and their roles in prognostic prediction. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:207-217. [PMID: 38160885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with or without depressive symptoms are obscure. This study aimed to uncover them and assess their predictive value for treatment response. METHODS We enrolled 98 GAD patients [58 (age: 33.22 ± 10.23 years old, males/females: 25/33) with and 40 (age: 33.65 ± 10.49 years old, males/females: 14/26) without depressive symptoms] and 54 healthy controls (HCs, age: 32.28 ± 10.56 years old, males/females: 21/33). Patients underwent clinical assessments and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) at baseline and after 4-week treatment with paroxetine, while HCs underwent rs-fMRI at baseline only. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was employed to measure intrinsic brain activity. We compared ReHo in patients to HCs and examined changes in ReHo within the patient groups after treatment. Support vector regression (SVR) analyses were conducted separately for each patient group to predict the patients' treatment response. RESULTS Both patient groups exhibited higher ReHo in the middle/superior frontal gyrus decreased ReHo in different brain regions compared to HCs. Furthermore, differences in ReHo were detected between the two patient groups. After treatment, the patient groups displayed distinct ReHo change patterns. By utilizing SVR based on baseline abnormal ReHo, we effectively predicted treatment response of patients (p-value for correlation < 0.05). LIMITATIONS The dropout rate was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS This study identified shared and unique neural substrates in GAD patients with or without depressive symptoms, potentially serving as biomarkers for treatment response prediction. Comorbid depressive symptoms were associated with differences in disease manifestation and treatment response compared to pure GAD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Han
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Al Hezaimi K, Rotstein I, Katz J, Nevins M, Nevins M. Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (Paroxetine) on Newly Formed Bone Volume: Real-Time In Vivo Micro-computed Tomographic Analysis. J Endod 2023; 49:1495-1500. [PMID: 37595681 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used to treat depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to assess in real time the effect of paroxetine, an SSRI, on newly formed bone volume (NFBV) in standardized calvarial defects (SCDs) in rats. METHODS Fourteen Wistar albino female rats with a mean age of 7.5 months and a mean weight of 275 g were used. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group was given paroxetine 8 weeks before the surgical procedure and throughout the experiment, and the control group was given a placebo 8 weeks before the surgical procedure and throughout the experiment. In each group, 14 SCDs measuring 4.6 mm in diameter were created on the parietal bone. In both groups, a Bio-Oss + collagen membrane was placed. All defects showed primary closure. The volume of the newly formed bone (NFBV) was measured using in vivo micro-computed tomographic imaging. Measurements were taken at days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56 after surgery using real-time assessment with micro-computed tomographic imaging. RESULTS The mean NFBV was 17.12 ± 4.52 mm3 and 12.52 ± 4.78 mm3 for the control and experimental groups, respectively, at day 56. The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < .05) at all time intervals. CONCLUSIONS Paroxetine intake significantly reduced the amount of regenerated NFBV and the rate of new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Hezaimi
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ilan Rotstein
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Katz
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marc Nevins
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myron Nevins
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Fox JH, Boucher MN, Abedrabbo KS, Hare BD, Grimmig BA, Falls WA, Hammack SE. Exercise reduces the anxiogenic effects of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine: The role of 5-HT2C receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 14:1067420. [PMID: 36713088 PMCID: PMC9880271 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1067420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Two weeks of voluntary exercise in group-housed mice produces a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors across a number of different measures, including a reduction in the anxiety levels typically produced by the anxiogenic serotonergic drug m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), an agonist at 5-HT2C/2b receptors. We have previously demonstrated that 2-weeks of voluntary exercise blunted the anxiogenic effects of systemic mCPP, and we have also shown that mCPP infused into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is anxiogenic. Here we follow up on these reports. Methods In Experiment 1 we infused several doses of mCPP into the BNST with or without the 5-HT2C antagonist SB242084. In Experiment 2, we administered mCPP into amygdala subregions and the dorsal hippocampus to investigate site specificity. In Experiment 4 we lesioned the BNST and subsequently infused mCPP systemically, and in Experiment 4 we used RNAscope® to assess BNST 5-HT2C transcripts following wheel running. Results BNST mCPP infusion increased acoustic startle responding, which was by 5-HT2C antagonism, while neither mCPP infused into the amygdala nor hippocampus was anxiogenic. Lesions of the BNST prevented the anxiogenic effect of systemically administered mCPP. Lastly, exercise reduced 5-HT2C transcripts in the BNST. Discussion These results suggest that the BNST is a critical site of action for the effects of exercise on mCPP. Together these data suggest that exercise may reduce 5-HT2C receptor function in the BNST, which may, in part, explain some of the anxiolytic effects associated with wheel running.
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Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, Zhang HJ, Xie WX, Xie ZJ, Lu XY, Zhou XZ, Zhao YQ, Duan AD, Zhao SQ, Zhang ZC, Huang XB. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:481. [PMID: 35854250 PMCID: PMC9295460 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a promising alternative treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The objective of this study was to examine whether the efficacy of group MBCT adapted for treating GAD (MBCT-A) was noninferior to group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) designed to treat GAD (CBT-A), which was considered one of first-line treatments for GAD patients. We also explored the efficacy of MBCT-A in symptomatic GAD patients compared with CBT-A for a variety of outcomes of anxiety symptoms, as well as depressive symptoms, overall illness severity, quality of life and mindfulness. METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial with two arms involving symptomatic GAD patients. Adult patients with GAD (n = 138) were randomized to MBCT-A or CBT-A in addition to treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome was the anxiety response rate assessed at 8 weeks after treatment as measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Secondary outcomes included anxiety remission rates, scores on the HAMA, the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Severity Subscale of the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S), and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), as well as mindfulness, which was measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Assessments were performed at baseline, 8 weeks after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were performed for primary analyses. The χ2 test and separate two-way mixed ANOVAs were used for the secondary analyses. RESULTS ITT and PP analyses showed noninferiority of MBCT-A compared with CBT-A for response rate [ITT rate difference = 7.25% (95% CI: -8.16, 22.65); PP rate difference = 5.85% (95% CI: - 7.83, 19.53)]. The anxiety remission rate, overall illness severity and mindfulness were significantly different between the two groups at 8 weeks. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the 3-month follow-up. No severe adverse events were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that MBCT-A was noninferior to CBT-A in reducing anxiety symptoms in GAD patients. Both interventions appeared to be effective for long-term benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR1800019150 , registration date: 27/10/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-si Jiang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xue-hua Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Nan Han
- Beijing Chang Ping Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-jing Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Wu-xiang Xie
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-juan Xie
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-yuan Lu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-zi Zhou
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-qi Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ai-deng Duan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Shu-qin Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-cheng Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xue-bing Huang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Vorobyeva N, Kozlova AA. Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927984. [PMID: 35837277 PMCID: PMC9274002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical psychedelics represent a family of psychoactive substances with structural similarities to serotonin and affinity for serotonin receptors. A growing number of studies have found that psychedelics can be effective in treating various psychiatric conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Mental health disorders are extremely prevalent in the general population constituting a major problem for the public health. There are a wide variety of interventions for mental health disorders, including pharmacological therapies and psychotherapies, however, treatment resistance still remains a particular challenge in this field, and relapse rates are also quite high. In recent years, psychedelics have become one of the promising new tools for the treatment of mental health disorders. In this review, we will discuss the three classic serotonergic naturally occurring psychedelics, psilocybin, ibogaine, and N, N-dimethyltryptamine, focusing on their pharmacological properties and clinical potential. The purpose of this article is to provide a focused review of the most relevant research into the therapeutic potential of these substances and their possible integration as alternative or adjuvant options to existing pharmacological and psychological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Vorobyeva
- Hive Bio Life Sciences Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nataliya Vorobyeva,
| | - Alena A. Kozlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Maji B, Bhandari A, Sadhukhan R, Choudhury J. Water-soluble and reusable Ru-NHC catalyst for aqueous-phase transfer hydrogenation of quinolines with formic acid. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8258-8265. [PMID: 35579118 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble Ru-NHC complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activity was tested in the transfer hydrogenation of quinoline-type N-heteroarenes using a formic acid/sodium formate buffer solution. The unique multifunctional features of the designed ligand within the catalyst backbone endowed it with excellent durability, reusability and compatibility with a simple aqueous-phase operation. Thus, it was possible to reuse as little as 0.25 mol% of the catalyst for three consecutive catalytic runs to provide an overall turnover number of around 900. A mechanistic investigation suggested that hydride generation was the rate-limiting step, whereas hydride transfer was relatively facile. Furthermore, computational studies supported that the reaction pathway was dominated by 1,4-hydride insertion at the N-heteroarene substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babulal Maji
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
| | - Anirban Bhandari
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
| | - Rayantan Sadhukhan
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
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Anxiolytic and antidepressants' effect of Crataegus pinnatifida (Shan Zha): biochemical mechanisms. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:208. [PMID: 35589704 PMCID: PMC9117595 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the current first-line treatment for depression, but they have pronounced limitations. Traditional Chinese medicine can serve as a safe and effective alternative to conventional drugs, particularly since many herbal remedies have already been approved for human use as food additives, making the transition from bench to bedside more efficient. We previously demonstrated that a novel herbal treatment (NHT) induces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. NHT consists of four herbs: Crataegus pinnatifida (Shan Zha), Triticum aestivum (Fu Xiao Mai), Lilium brownii (Baihe), and the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Da Zao). In the current study, we examined the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like activities of each individual herb on stressed mice and compared those to the effects of NHT and escitalopram. We show here that Shan Zha is sufficient to produce an anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effect similar to NHT or the escitalopram through activation of 5-HT1A receptor and an elevation in BDNF levels in the hippocampus and Pre-frontal cortex (PFC). Chronic treatment with Shan Zha did not alter serotonin transporter levels in the PFC, as opposed to escitalopram treatment. These results were confirmed in vitro, as none of the herbs blocked SERT activity in Xenopus oocytes. Notably, Shan Zha is sold as a nutritional supplement; thus, its transition to clinical trials can be easier. Once its efficacy and safety are substantiated, Shan Zha may serve as an alternative to conventional antidepressants.
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Maleki A, Ravanbakhsh M, Saadat M, Bargard MS, Latifi SM. Effect of breathing exercises on respiratory indices and anxiety level in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:247-251. [PMID: 35400836 PMCID: PMC8989478 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of breathing exercises
alongside traditional therapy on respiratory indexes and the level of anxiety of
generalized anxiety disorder patients. [Participants and Methods] Forty-one patients were
assigned a study group undergoing medication and routine counselling plus breathing
exercises (EXS), and a control group received medication and routine counselling only
(Non-EXS). Every two weeks, patients are called (weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8) to monitor their
schedule adherence. [Results] This study’s results showed FEV1/FVC ratio significantly
increased in the EXS group in the second study follow-up period after two months. Anxiety,
FVC, FEV1, Etco2, respiration, and pulse rate over time have tended towards desirable
results in the exercise group than control groups, especially after two months, but
significant differences not seen. [Conclusion] This study’s findings indicated that
breathing exercises could improve generalized anxiety disorder’s pharmacotherapy and
psychotherapy. Our data bring up this hypothesis that longer follow up, increasing
breathing period, and more exercising is associated with higher outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Maleki
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Golestan St., Ahvaz, Iran.,Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Majid Ravanbakhsh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Golestan St., Ahvaz, Iran.,Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mayam Saadat
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Golestan St., Ahvaz, Iran.,Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sayah Bargard
- School of Medicine Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Latifi
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Khot SG, Tubaki BR, Gonugade VB. Efficacy of Brahmi vati in generalised anxiety disorder - Randomized double blind comparative clinical trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100552. [PMID: 35325682 PMCID: PMC8943402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder. GAD has high comorbidities and it can affect social, professional and personal life. Ayurvedic medicine, Brahmi vati is explored for the possible role in management of GAD and is compared to Manasmitra vataka. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of B. vati on Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Methods A randomized double blind controlled trial, with total 56 patients meeting the DSM V criteria of GAD between 20–60 years of age and either sex participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, Brahmi group received capsule B. vati 500 mg and Manasmitra group received capsule M. vataka 500 mg thrice a day with water for 45 days. Assessments were conducted through various clinical parameters such as Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), GAD 7 scale (GAD 7), Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), WHO Quality of Life- BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), Clinical Global Improvement scale (CGI). Blood variables including Haemoglobin, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Liver Function Test (LFT) and serum creatinine were assessed before and after the study. Assessments during intervention were conducted on every 15th day. Results Study results indicate that both B. vati and M. vataka were comparable and each produced significant improvement (p < 0.001) in HARS, GAD-7, BDI, ESS, PSQI, WHOQOL-BREF and CGI. Brahmi vati also produced significant decrease in systolic (p = 0.002) and diastolic (p < 0.001) blood pressure. Both groups showed good safety profile evaluated through the assessment of serum creatinine levels and LFT. Conclusion B. vati and M. vataka were effective, safe and comparable in the management of GAD. Warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi G Khot
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Dr. N. A. Magadum Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Ankali, Taluk-Chikodi, District-Belagavi, Karnataka, 591213, India
| | - Basavaraj R Tubaki
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590003, India.
| | - Varsha B Gonugade
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590003, India
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Marganakop SB, Kamble RR, Sannaikar MS, Bayannavar PK, Kumar SM, Inamdar SR, Shirahatti AM, Desai SM, Joshi SD. SCXRD, DFT and molecular docking based structural analyses towards novel 3-piperazin-1-yl-benzo[d]isothiazole and 3-piperidin-4-yl-benzo[d]isoxazoles appended to quinoline as pharmacological agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Roy A, Hoge EA, Abrante P, Druker S, Liu T, Brewer JA. Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26987. [PMID: 34860673 PMCID: PMC8686411 DOI: 10.2196/26987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often yield suboptimal outcomes, partly because of insufficient targeting of underlying psychological mechanisms (eg, avoidance reinforcement learning). Mindfulness training (MT) has shown efficacy for anxiety; yet, widespread adoption has been limited, partly because of the difficulty in scaling in-person–based delivery. Digital therapeutics are emerging as potentially viable treatments; however, very few have been empirically validated. Objective The aim of this study is to test the efficacy and mechanism of an app-delivered MT that was designed to target a potential mechanism of anxiety (reinforcement learning), based on which previous studies have shown concern regarding feedback and the perpetuation of anxiety through negative reinforcement. Methods Individuals with GAD were recruited using social media advertisements and randomized during an in-person visit to receive treatment as usual (n=33) or treatment as usual+app−delivered MT (Unwinding Anxiety; n=32). The latter was composed of 30 modules to be completed over a 2-month period. Associated changes in outcomes were assessed using self-report questionnaires 1 and 2 months after treatment initiation. Results We randomized 65 participants in this study, and a modified intent-to-treat approach was used for analysis. The median number of modules completed by the MT group was 25.5 (IQR 17) out of 30; 46% (13/28) of the participants completed the program. In addition, the MT group demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (GAD-7) compared with the control group at 2 months (67% vs 14%; median change in GAD-7: –8.5 [IQR 6.5] vs –1.0 [IQR 5.0]; P<.001; 95% CI 6-10). Increases in mindfulness at 1 month (nonreactivity subscale) mediated decreases in worry at 2 months (Penn State Worry Questionnaire; P=.02) and decreases in worry at 1 month mediated reductions in anxiety at 2 months (P=.03). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficacy and mechanism of an app-delivered MT for GAD. These findings demonstrate the clinical efficacy of MT as a digital therapeutic for individuals with anxiety (number needed to treat=1.6). These results also link recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of anxiety with treatment development, showing that app-delivered MT targets key reinforcement learning pathways, resulting in tangible, clinically meaningful reductions in worry and anxiety. Evidence-based, mechanistically targeted digital therapeutics have the potential to improve health at a population level at a low cost. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03683472; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03683472
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roy
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Hoge
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pablo Abrante
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Susan Druker
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Judson A Brewer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders make up the most prevalent class of mental illnesses. Given the growing prevalence of anxiety in the United States and beyond, there is an urgent clinical need to develop nonpharmacologic treatments that effectively treat and reduce its core symptoms (eg, worry). A leading theory posits that although worrying may be unpleasant, the immediate emotions that are avoided by concentrating on worry are often perceived as more aversive (eg, fear, anger, grief). From a mechanistic perspective, worry is thought to be learned and reinforced in a similar manner to other types of positively and negatively reinforced behaviors: habits. Mindfulness training, a practice that brings awareness to cognitive, affective, and physiological experiences, when delivered in-person via programs such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing anxiety, but is difficult to scale in this manner. In this review, we explore novel approaches to using mindfulness training to specifically target the theoretical mechanisms underlying the perpetuation of anxiety (eg, worry as a habit), and the emergence of mobile health platforms (eg, digital therapeutics) as potential vehicles for remote delivery of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judson A. Brewer
- Mindfulness Center, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexandra Roy
- Mindfulness Center, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
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14
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Ouyang L, Xia Y, Liao J, Miao R, Yang X, Luo R. Iridium Complex-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes and Tentative Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10415-10427. [PMID: 34056194 PMCID: PMC8153796 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes to access a series of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives in excellent yields is disclosed. This transformation is distinguished with water-soluble and air-stable iridium complexes as the catalyst, formic acid as the hydrogen source, mild reaction conditions, and broad functional group compatibility. Most importantly, a tentative chiral N,N-chelated Cp*Ir(III) complex-catalyzed enantioselective transfer hydrogenation is also presented, affording chiral products in excellent yields and good enantioselectivities.
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15
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Wise T, Patrick F, Meyer N, Mazibuko N, Oates AE, van der Bijl AH, Danjou P, O’Connor SM, Doolin E, Wooldridge C, Rathjen D, Macare C, Williams SC, Perkins A, Young AH. Cholinergic Modulation of Disorder-Relevant Neural Circuits in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:908-915. [PMID: 32107005 PMCID: PMC7198974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with hyperactivity in the amygdala-prefrontal networks, and normalization of this aberrant function is thought to be critical for successful treatment. Preclinical evidence implicates cholinergic neurotransmission in the function of these systems and suggests that cholinergic modulation may have anxiolytic effects. However, the effects of cholinergic modulators on the function of anxiety-related networks in humans have not been investigated. METHODS We administered a novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-negative allosteric modulator, BNC210, to 24 individuals (3 male subjects) with generalized anxiety disorder and assessed its effects on neural responses to fearful face stimuli. RESULTS BNC210 reduced amygdala reactivity to fearful faces relative to placebo and similarly to lorazepam and also reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex, a network involved in regulating anxious responses to aversive stimuli. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time that the function of disorder-relevant neural circuits in generalized anxiety disorder can be beneficially altered through modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission and suggest potential for this system as a novel target for anxiolytic pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Wise
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
| | - Fiona Patrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Meyer
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ndaba Mazibuko
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Wooldridge
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christine Macare
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Steven C.R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London, London, UK
| | - Adam Perkins
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London, London, UK
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London, London, UK
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16
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The efficacy of group cognitive-behavioural therapy plus duloxetine for generalised anxiety disorder versus duloxetine alone. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019; 31:316-324. [PMID: 31405402 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether and how group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) plus medication differs from medication alone for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS Hundred and seventy patients were randomly assigned to the GCBT plus duloxetine (n=89) or duloxetine group (n=81). The primary outcomes were Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) response and remission rates. The explorative secondary measures included score reductions from baseline in the HAMA total, psychic, and somatic anxiety subscales (HAMA-PA, HAMA-SA), the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Severity Subscale of Clinical Global Impression Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4-week, 8-week, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS At 4 weeks, HAMA response (GCBT group 57.0% vs. control group 24.4%, p=0.000, Cohen's d=0.90) and remission rates (GCBT group 21.5% vs. control group 6.2%, p=0.004; d=0.51), and most secondary outcomes (all p<0.05, d=0.36-0.77) showed that the combined therapy was superior. At 8 weeks, all the primary and secondary significant differences found at 4 weeks were maintained with smaller effect sizes (p<0.05, d=0.32-0.48). At 3-month follow-up, the combined therapy was only significantly superior in the HAMA total (p<0.045, d=0.43) and HAMA-PA score reductions (p<0.001, d=0.77). Logistic regression showed superiority of the combined therapy for HAMA response rates [odds ratio (OR)=2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-4.42, p=0.04] and remission rates (OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.27-6.16, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Compared with duloxetine alone, GCBT plus duloxetine showed significant treatment response for GAD over a shorter period of time, particularly for psychic anxiety symptoms, which may suggest that GCBT was effective in changing cognitive style.
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Madonna D, Delvecchio G, Soares JC, Brambilla P. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies in generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:336-362. [PMID: 31116259 PMCID: PMC6804309 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain imaging studies carried out in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have contributed to better characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder. The present study reviews the available functional and structural brain imaging evidence on GAD, and suggests further strategies for investigations in this field. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, aiming to identify original research evaluating GAD patients with the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS The available studies have shown impairments in ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal regions, and amygdala in both pediatric and adult GAD patients, mostly in the right hemisphere. However, the literature is often tentative, given that most studies have employed small samples and included patients with comorbidities or in current use of various medications. Finally, different methodological aspects, such as the type of imaging equipment used, also complicate the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal neuroimaging studies with larger samples of both juvenile and adult GAD patients, as well as at risk individuals and unaffected relatives, should be carried out in order to shed light on the specific biological signature of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Madonna
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universitá di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universitá di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Anandhan R, Reddy MB, Sasikumar M. Development of novel triazole based dendrimer supported spiroborate chiral catalysts for the reduction of (E)-O-benzyl oxime: an enantioselective synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A reusable dendrimer supported spiroborate catalysts 2 and 3 have been synthesized via a “click” chemistry and demonstrated as catalysts for the reduction of (E)-O-benzyl oxime 13 to synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine 14 with 94% ee and 46% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600 025
- India
| | | | - Murugesan Sasikumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai
- India
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19
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Doron R, Sever A, Handelsman A, Toledano R, Franko M, Hirshler Y, Shamir A, Burstein O, Rehavi M. GABA A Receptor Density Is Not Altered by a Novel Herbal Anxiolytic Treatment. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:110-117. [PMID: 29737465 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and considered a major public health concern worldwide. Current anxiolytics are of limited efficacy and associated with various side effects. Our novel herbal treatment (NHT), composed of four constituents, was shown to reduce anxiety-like behavior while precluding a common side effect caused by current anxiolytics, i.e., sexual dysfunction. Nevertheless, NHT's mechanism of action is yet to be determined. There is evidence that some medicinal herbs interact with the GABAergic system. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether NHT's anxiolytic-like effect is exerted by alterations in GABAA receptor density in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus. The effects of 3-weeks treatment with NHT on anxiety-like behavior and locomotion were assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test (OFT), respectively. Regional GABAA receptor levels were analyzed using [3H] RO15-1788 high-affinity binding assays. In stressed mice, NHT reduced anxiety-like behavior similarly to the benzodiazepine, clonazepam, while locomotion remained intact. Lack of changes or minor changes in regional GABAA receptor density in the brain were induced by NHT or clonazepam. In naive mice, performance in the EPM, locomotion and GABAA receptor densities were not altered by treatment with NHT or clonazepam. These findings support NHT as an efficacious and safe anxiolytic, although the GABAergic involvement remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravid Doron
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College Tel Aviv Yaffo, 6818211, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, 4353701, Ra'anana, Israel.
| | - Avital Sever
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Handelsman
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College Tel Aviv Yaffo, 6818211, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Toledano
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, 4353701, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Motty Franko
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College Tel Aviv Yaffo, 6818211, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yafit Hirshler
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, 4353701, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Alon Shamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
- Mazor Mental Health Center, 2423314, Akko, Israel
| | - Or Burstein
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College Tel Aviv Yaffo, 6818211, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Rehavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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McIntyre E, Saliba AJ, Wiener KKK, Bishop FL. Predicting the intention to use herbal medicines for anxiety symptoms: a model of health behaviour. J Ment Health 2017; 28:589-596. [PMID: 29256318 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition in the Western world. Adults experiencing anxiety have been found to use a range of herbal medicines to manage anxiety symptoms.Aim: This study aimed to test a theoretical model based on the theory of planned behaviour that predicted the intention to use herbal medicines for anxiety symptoms, and to identify individual predictors of intention.Methods: An online survey was conducted with Australian adults who experienced anxiety and used herbal medicines (N = 400). A two-step approach to structural equation modelling was used to test a path model predicting the intention to use herbal medicines.Results: The model was found to be well-fitting. Attitude, subjective norms, control beliefs and severity of anxiety symptoms each significantly positively predicted intention to use herbal medicines for anxiety symptoms explaining 56% of the variance.Conclusions: The results suggest that mental health practitioners and policy makers need to ensure people experiencing anxiety have access to accurate and reliable information about herbal medicines to ensure they can effectively manage anxiety symptoms and safely engage in self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Australia.,Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia, and
| | | | | | - Felicity L Bishop
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia, and.,Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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21
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Dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC. Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: a systematic literature review of animal and human studies. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2017; 38:65-72. [PMID: 27111702 PMCID: PMC7115465 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic literature review of animal and human studies reporting anxiolytic or antidepressive effects of ayahuasca or some of its isolated alkaloids (dimethyltryptamine, harmine, tetrahydroharmine, and harmaline). METHODS Papers published until 3 April 2015 were retrieved from the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases following a comprehensive search strategy and using a predetermined set of criteria for article selection. RESULTS Five hundred and fourteen studies were identified, of which 21 met the established criteria. Studies in animals have shown anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of ayahuasca, harmine, and harmaline, and experimental studies in humans and mental health assessments of experienced ayahuasca consumers also suggest that ayahuasca is associated with reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. A pilot study reported rapid antidepressive effects of a single ayahuasca dose in six patients with recurrent depression. CONCLUSION Considering the need for new drugs that produce fewer adverse effects and are more effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptomatology, the described effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Dos Santos
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Ross BM, Malik I, Babay S. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in an animal model of anxiety. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:17-20. [PMID: 27926459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may ameliorate depressed mood. The magnitude of the effect varies between studies, however, ranging from none at all to being of clinical significance. Given that substantial comorbidity occurs between mood and anxiety disorders, suggesting that they have one or more pathophysiological mechanisms in common, we hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids may be acting primarily to reduce anxiety rather than depression per se, a possibility which could underlie their variable effects on mood. To test this hypothesis rats were fed for 8 weeks with diets containing one of three types of omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as a low omega-3 fatty acid control diet. Although brain omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were altered by dietary supplementation with eicospentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, no significant change in anxiety related behaviors were observed compared to the control group as assessed by the elevated-plus maze test. Our data therefore do not support an anxiolytic effect of omega-3 fatty acids and suggest that any effect of these lipids on mood likely occurs by a mechanism unrelated to reducing anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Ross
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Canada; Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Imran Malik
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Slim Babay
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Zhang Y, Huang G, Yang S, Liang W, Zhang L, Wang C. Duloxetine in treating generalized anxiety disorder in adults: A meta-analysis of published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2016; 8:215-25. [PMID: 26238298 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We carried out a meta-analysis of published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trails to assess the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases until October 2014. The search terms used were "anxiety or anxious or generalized anxiety disorder" and "duloxetine or Cymbalta." Meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.1. A fixed-effects model was carried out on the response rates, remission rates, and symptom improvement. Risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) were calculated. The overall effect size was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Seven studies (n = 2,674) were found eligible for inclusion in analysis. Six studies provided data on response, which showed a significant difference between duloxetine and placebo (n = 1,975, RR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.34-1.63). Remission rates revealed significant superiority of duloxetine (n = 2,399, RR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.43-1.80). Change from baseline scores on Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety showed a reduction in anxiety symptoms to be significantly efficient for duloxetine (n = 1,135, MD = 3.34, 95% CI, 2.37-4.32). Duloxetine increased statistically Sheehan Disability Scale total score (n = 1,652, MD = 2.84, 95% CI, 2.08-3.60). The discontinuation of the duloxetine was not significantly different from that of the placebo. CONCLUSION Duloxetine is moderately effective in treating GAD with improvement in overall function and well tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Shichang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JAS, Riba J, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC. Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2016; 6:193-213. [PMID: 27354908 PMCID: PMC4910400 DOI: 10.1177/2045125316638008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, pharmacological treatments for mood and anxiety disorders and for drug dependence show limited efficacy, leaving a large number of patients suffering severe and persistent symptoms. Preliminary studies in animals and humans suggest that ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may have antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive properties. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of clinical trials published from 1990 until 2015, assessing these therapeutic properties. Electronic searches were performed using the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Only clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Of these, 151 studies were identified, of which six met the established criteria. Reviewed studies suggest beneficial effects for treatment-resistant depression, anxiety and depression associated with life-threatening diseases, and tobacco and alcohol dependence. All drugs were well tolerated. In conclusion, ayahuasca, psilocybin and LSD may be useful pharmacological tools for the treatment of drug dependence, and anxiety and mood disorders, especially in treatment-resistant patients. These drugs may also be useful pharmacological tools to understand psychiatric disorders and to develop new therapeutic agents. However, all studies reviewed had small sample sizes, and half of them were open-label, proof-of-concept studies. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with more patients are needed to replicate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G. dos Santos
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia L. Osório
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Jordi Riba
- Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Human Experimental Neuropsy-chopharmacology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antônio W. Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
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Mazalouskas M, Jessen T, Varney S, Sutcliffe JS, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Cook EH, Carneiro AMD. Integrin β3 Haploinsufficiency Modulates Serotonin Transport and Antidepressant-Sensitive Behavior in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2015-24. [PMID: 25684064 PMCID: PMC4839525 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence have identified genetic interactions between the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene and ITGB3, which encodes the β3 subunit that forms the αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 integrin receptor complexes. Here we examine the consequences of haploinsufficiency in the mouse integrin β3 subunit gene (Itgb3) on SERT function and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) effectiveness in vivo. Biochemical fractionation studies and immunofluorescent staining of murine brain slices reveal that αvβ3 receptors and SERTs are enriched in presynaptic membranes from several brain regions and that αvβ3 colocalizes with a subpopulation of SERT-containing synapses in raphe nuclei. Notably, we establish that loss of a single allele of Itgb3 in murine neurons is sufficient to decrease 5-HT uptake by SERT in midbrain synaptosomes. Pharmacological assays to elucidate the αvβ3-mediated mechanism of reduced SERT function indicate that decreased integrin β3 subunit expression scales down the population size of active SERT molecules and, as a consequence, lowers the effective dose of SSRIs. These data are consistent with the existence of a subpopulation of SERTs that are tightly modulated by integrin αvβ3 and significantly contribute to global SERT function at 5-HT synapses in the midbrain. Importantly, our screen of a normal human population for single nucleotide polymorphisms in human ITGB3 identified a variant associated with reductions in integrin β3 expression levels that parallel our mouse findings. Thus, polymorphisms in human ITGB3 may contribute to the differential responsiveness of select patients to SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mazalouskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tammy Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth Varney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James S Sutcliffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana M D Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 461 Preston Research Building, 23rd Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Tel: +1 615 875 5635, Fax: 615-343-1084, E-mail:
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Talwar D, Li HY, Durham E, Xiao J. A Simple Iridicycle Catalyst for Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of N-Heterocycles in Water. Chemistry 2015; 21:5370-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kreys TJM, Phan SV. A Literature Review of Quetiapine for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35:175-88. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie V. Phan
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; Southwest Georgia Clinical Campus; Albany Georgia
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Bodner E, Cohen-Fridel S, Mashiah M, Segal M, Grinshpoon A, Fischel T, Iancu I. The attitudes of psychiatric hospital staff toward hospitalization and treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:2. [PMID: 25609479 PMCID: PMC4307152 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative attitudes towards patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) may affect their treatment. We aimed to identify attitudes toward patients with BPD. METHODS Clinicians in four psychiatric hospitals in Israel (n = 710; psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and nurses) were approached and completed questionnaires on attitudes toward these patients. RESULTS Nurses and psychiatrists reported encountering a higher number of patients with BPD during the last month, and exhibited more negative attitudes and less empathy toward these patients than the other two professions. The whole sample evaluated the decision to hospitalize such a patient as less justified than the decision to hospitalize a patient with Major Depressive Disorder. Negative attitudes were positively correlated with caring for greater numbers of patients with BPD in the past month and in the past 12 months. Nurses expressed the highest interest in studying short-term methods for treating patients with BPD and a lower percentage of psychiatrists expressed an interest in improving their professional skills in treating these patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that nurses and psychiatrists differ from the other professions in their experience and attitudes toward patients with BPD. We conclude that nurses and psychiatrists may be the target of future studies on their attitudes toward provocative behavioral patterns (e.g., suicide attempts) characterizing these patients. We also recommend implementing workshops for improving staff attitudes toward patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Bodner
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Sara Cohen-Fridel
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- School of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Mordechai Mashiah
- Tel Aviv University, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat Yam, Israel.
| | - Michael Segal
- Technion, Shaar Menashe Hospital, Shaar Menashe, Israel.
| | | | - Tzvi Fischel
- Tel Aviv University, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Iulian Iancu
- Tel Aviv University, The Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Yavne, Israel.
- The Yavne Mental Health Clinic, Dekel 4 st., Yavne, 81540, Israel.
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Abuhamdah RM, Hussain MD, Chazot PL, Ennaceur A. Effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on anxious behaviour of BALB/c mice in a 3-dimensional maze. Stress 2015; 18:677-85. [PMID: 26365460 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1083550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we used a 3-dimensional (3D) maze, a modification of the radial maze, to assess the effects of treatment for two weeks with a single daily dose of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on anxiety in male BALB/c mice. We examined whether anxiolytic effects of fluoxetine can be detected over three daily test sessions. We examined also whether repeated handling associated with chronic treatment interferes with effects of fluoxetine on anxiety responses. The 3D maze comprises nine arms, each connected to an upward inclined bridge radiating from a central platform. In this maze, BALB/c mice cross frequently into the bridges but avoid the arms. This avoidance is used as an index of anxiety. Two separate groups received once a day either saline (SALCH, n = 8) or fluoxetine (FLUCH, n = 8) for 14 days, and up to 30 min before the test during the subsequent 3 days. A third group received saline (SALAC, n = 8) 30 min before the test, once a day for 3 days. SALAC mice did not cross into the arms, and continued this avoidance over 3 sessions. SALCH mice avoided the arms in session 1 whereas FLUCH mice did cross into the arms, and like SALCH mice, increased number of crossings into and time on the arms in subsequent sessions. Fluoxetine evidently had an anxiolytic effect but only in the first session. These results indicate that handling experience decreased fear and anxiety in the mice, which may have masked the anxiolytic effect of fluoxetine in the second and third test sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Abuhamdah
- a Sunderland Pharmacy School, University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK and
- b School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University , Durham , UK
| | - M D Hussain
- a Sunderland Pharmacy School, University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK and
- b School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University , Durham , UK
| | - P L Chazot
- b School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University , Durham , UK
| | - A Ennaceur
- a Sunderland Pharmacy School, University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK and
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Refaey HE, Amri HSA, Ashour AE, Ahmed AF. Administration of Zinc with Paroxetine Improved the Forced Swim Test Behavioral Pattern of Treated Mice in Acute and Sub-Acute Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2015.57022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Epstein I, Szpindel I, Katzman MA. Pharmacological approaches to manage persistent symptoms of major depressive disorder: rationale and therapeutic strategies. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220 Suppl 1:S15-33. [PMID: 25539871 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(14)70003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent chronic psychiatric illness associated with significant morbidity, mortality, loss of productivity, and diminished quality of life. Typically, only a minority of patients responds to treatment and meet criteria for remission as residual symptoms may persist, the result of an inadequate course of treatment and/or the presence of persistent side effects. The foremost goal of treatment should be to restore patients to full functioning and eliminate or relieve all MDD symptoms, while being virtually free of troublesome side effects. The current available pharmacological options to manage persistent depressive symptoms include augmentation or adjunctive combination strategies, both of which target selected psychobiological systems and specific mood and somatic symptoms experienced by the patient. As well, non-pharmacological interventions including psychotherapies may be used in either first-line or adjunctive approaches. However, the evidence to date with respect to available adjunct therapies is limited by few studies and those published have utilized only a small number of subjects and lack enough data to allow for a consensus of expert opinion. This underlines the need for further longer term, large population-based studies and those that include comorbid populations, all of which are seen in real world community psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvin Epstein
- START Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Isaac Szpindel
- START Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A Katzman
- START Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada; Adler Graduate Professional School, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Pregabalin (Lyrica(®)), a well established anxiolytic agent, has been approved in the EU for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults. It has a distinct mechanism of action relative to other anti-anxiety agents (α2δ binding at presynaptic voltage dependent calcium channels leading to inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission), a rapid onset of effect (typically ≤1 week) and broad spectrum activity against both the psychic and somatic symptoms of GAD. In long-term studies, pregabalin maintained improvements in anxiety symptoms that occurred in response to short-term treatment and delayed the time to relapse of GAD compared with placebo. Common comorbidities of GAD, such as insomnia, gastrointestinal symptoms and subsyndromal depression, have no effect on the anxiolytic efficacy of, and moreover are specifically improved by, pregabalin. Treatment with pregabalin is generally well tolerated; the drug has an adverse event profile that includes dizziness, somnolence and weight gain. The potential for abuse of pregabalin is low; the risk of withdrawal symptoms is generally low when the drug is discontinued gradually (over 1 week). Alongside selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), pregabalin is considered a first-line agent for the long-term treatment of GAD by the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. It should be stressed, however, that definitive head-to-head studies comparing pregabalin with SSRI/SNRIs, including in patients with GAD and co-morbid major depressive disorder, are currently lacking. Recently, a study of SSRI/SNRI augmentation with pregabalin yielded positive results, while another study of switching from long-term benzodiazepine therapy to pregabalin was inconclusive; further investigations on these topics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Frampton
- Adis, Level 1, 5 The Warehouse Way, Northcote 0627; Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, 0754, Auckland, New Zealand,
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Abstract
Evidence-based treatment approaches for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) comprise psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or a combination of the two. First-line pharmacotherapy agents include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and, in certain European guidelines, pregabalin, which gained European Commission approval. Although short- and long-term efficacy have been established for these agents in controlled trials, response rates of 60-70 % are insufficient, remission rates are relatively modest, and relapse rates considerable. Moreover, questions increasingly arise regarding tolerability and side-effect profiles. As an alternative, antipsychotics have long been of interest for the treatment of anxiety disorders, but investigation had been tempered by their potential for irreversible side effects. With the improved side-effect profiles of atypical antipsychotics, these agents are increasingly being investigated across Axis I disorders. Atypical antipsychotics such as quetiapine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone have been shown to be helpful in addressing a range of anxiety and depressive symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, and have since been used in the treatment of a range of mood and anxiety disorders. In this article, we review the efficacy and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics as adjunctive therapy and/or monotherapy for individuals with GAD, a currently off-label indication. The most evidence has accumulated for quetiapine. Findings suggest that approximately 50 % of participants tolerate the side effects, most commonly sedation and fatigue. Among this subset, those who continue treatment demonstrate significant reductions in anxiety when used as adjunctive therapy or monotherapy. The appropriateness of the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of GAD is discussed.
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Targowska-Duda KM, Feuerbach D, Biala G, Jozwiak K, Arias HR. Antidepressant activity in mice elicited by 3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide, a positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neurosci Lett 2014; 569:126-30. [PMID: 24708923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to determine whether 3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide (PAM-2), a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic receptors (AChRs), produces antidepressant-like behavior in mice, and reactivates desensitized α7 AChRs expressed in CH3-α7 cells. Mice from both sexes were injected (i.p.) with PAM-2 (1.0mg/kg) on a daily basis for three weeks. Forced swim tests (FSTs) were performed on Day 1 and Day 7 to determine the acute and subchronic effects of PAM-2, respectively, and on Days 14 and 21 to determine its chronic activity. To examine the residual effects after drug treatment, a withdrawal period of two more weeks was continued with FSTs performed on Day 28 and 35. Our results indicate that: (1) PAM-2 does not induce acute antidepressant effects in male or female mice, (2) PAM-2 induces antidepressant effects in mice from both sexes after one (subchronic) and two (chronic) weeks, whereas at the third week (chronic), the antidepressant effect is decreased in male and increased in female mice. Since PAM-2 does not influence the locomotor activity of mice, the observed antidepressant activity is not driven by nonspecific motor-stimulant actions, (3) the residual antidepressant effect mediated by PAM-2 after one week of treatment cessation is observed only in female mice, and finally the Ca(2+) influx results indicate that (4) PAM-2 can reactivate desensitized α7 AChRs. Our results clearly indicate that PAM-2 elicits antidepressant activity, probably by enhancing the activity of the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine on α7 AChRs, without inducing receptor desensitization, and that this activity is gender-dependent. This is the first time that an antidepressant activity is described for an α7 PAM, supporting further studies as potential therapeutic medications for depressive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Targowska-Duda
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Grazyna Biala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroengineering, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hugo R Arias
- Department of Medical Education, California Northstate University College of Medicine, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.
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Escitalopram or novel herbal mixture treatments during or following exposure to stress reduce anxiety-like behavior through corticosterone and BDNF modifications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91455. [PMID: 24690945 PMCID: PMC3972209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a major public health concern worldwide. Studies indicate that repeated exposure to adverse experiences early in life can lead to anxiety disorders in adulthood. Current treatments for anxiety disorders are characterized by a low success rate and are associated with a wide variety of side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of a novel herbal treatment, in comparison to treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram. We recently demonstrated the anxiolytic effects of these treatments in BALB mice previously exposed to one week of stress. In the present study, ICR mice were exposed to post natal maternal separation and to 4 weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress in adolescence, and treated during or following exposure to stress with the novel herbal treatment or with escitalopram. Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in the elevated plus maze. Blood corticosterone levels were evaluated using radioimmunoassay. Brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that (1) exposure to stress in childhood and adolescence increased anxiety-like behavior in adulthood; (2) the herbal treatment reduced anxiety-like behavior, both when treated during or following exposure to stress; (3) blood corticosterone levels were reduced following treatment with the herbal treatment or escitalopram, when treated during or following exposure to stress; (4) brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus of mice treated with the herbal treatment or escitalopram were increased, when treated either during or following exposure to stress. This study expands our previous findings and further points to the proposed herbal compound's potential to be highly efficacious in treating anxiety disorders in humans.
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Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis as a Powerful Tool in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Chiral Complex Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63430-6.00014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Isberg V, Paine J, Leth-Petersen S, Kristensen JL, Gloriam DE. Structure-activity relationships of constrained phenylethylamine ligands for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78515. [PMID: 24244317 PMCID: PMC3820707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic ligands have proven effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, pain, obesity, and a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. There is a clinical need for more highly 5-HT2 receptor subtype-selective ligands and the most attention has been given to the phenethylamine class. Conformationally constrained phenethylamine analogs have demonstrated that for optimal activity the free lone pair electrons of the 2-oxygen must be oriented syn and the 5-oxygen lone pairs anti relative to the ethylamine moiety. Also the ethyl linker has been constrained providing information about the bioactive conformation of the amine functionality. However, combined 1,2-constriction by cyclization has only been tested with one compound. Here, we present three new 1,2-cyclized phenylethylamines, 9–11, and describe their synthetic routes. Ligand docking in the 5-HT2B crystal structure showed that the 1,2-heterocyclized compounds can be accommodated in the binding site. Conformational analysis showed that 11 can only bind in a higher-energy conformation, which would explain its absent or low affinity. The amine and 2-oxygen interactions with D3.32 and S3.36, respectively, can form but shift the placement of the core scaffold. The constraints in 9–11 resulted in docking poses with the 4-bromine in closer vicinity to 5.46, which is polar only in the human 5-HT2A subtype, for which 9–11 have the lowest affinity. The new ligands, conformational analysis and docking expand the structure-activity relationships of constrained phenethylamines and contributes towards the development of 5-HT2 receptor subtype-selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignir Isberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Paine
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Leth-Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Radhakrishnan R, Santamaría A, Escobar L, Arias HR. The β4 nicotinic receptor subunit modulates the chronic antidepressant effect mediated by bupropion. Neurosci Lett 2013; 555:68-72. [PMID: 23981664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to investigate the role of the nicotinic receptor β4 subunit in the antidepressant activity of bupropion. Wild-type (β4+/+) and knockout (β4-/-) mice were intraperitoneally administered with normal saline (control) or bupropion (40mg/kg) daily for the first two weeks. Forced swim tests were performed on day 1 to determine the acute effect of bupropion at 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60min after the injection, and after two weeks of daily treatment to determine the chronic effects. To examine the remnant effects of bupropion after withdrawal, forced swim tests were performed one and two weeks after the last day of treatment with bupropion. Our results indicate that: (1) the acute treatment with bupropion increases the swimming time (i.e., antidepressant effect) in β4+/+ and β4-/- mice from both genders, (2) the antidepressant effect after the chronic treatment is seen only in female β4+/+ mice, and (3) the residual antidepressant effect of bupropion persists only in male β4+/+ mice after one week withdrawal. We conclude that the β4 subunit plays a modulatory role in the chronic antidepressant effect mediated by bupropion, and that its effect is gender-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Radhakrishnan
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Utah Campus, South Jordan, UT, USA
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De Salas-Cansado M, Álvarez E, Olivares JM, Carrasco JL, Ferro MB, Rejas J. Modelling the cost-effectiveness of pregabalin versus usual care in daily practice in the treatment of refractory generalised anxiety disorder in Spain. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:985-96. [PMID: 23086587 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To model the cost-effectiveness (CEA) of the use of pregabalin versus usual care (UC) in outpatients with refractory generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) treated in daily practice in mental health settings in Spain. METHODS This CEA model used data extracted from a 6-month prospective non-interventional trial: the Amplification of Definition of ANxiety (ADAN) study, which was conducted to determine the cost-of-illness in GAD subjects. Refractory subjects were those who reported persistent symptoms of anxiety and showed suboptimal response in the Hamilton-anxiety scale (HAM-A ≥ 16) after a standard dose regimen of anxiolytics other than pregabalin, alone or in combination, over 6 months. The pregabalin arm was documented with data extracted from patients who received pregabalin in the study for the first time, added or replacing the existing therapy. In the UC arm, treatment might include one or more of the following: a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, other anti-depressants, a benzodiazepine or an anti-epileptic drug other than pregabalin. The time horizon of the modelling was 6 months in the base-case scenario, and the National Health System perspective was chosen to calculate costs. Effectiveness was expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, which were derived using the EQ-5D questionnaire, at baseline and end-of-trial visits. Results of the CEA model was expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using bootstrapping techniques was also carried out to obtain the cost-effectiveness plane and the corresponding acceptability curve. RESULTS Data from a total of 429 subjects per arm (mean HAM-A score 25.7) meeting eligible criteria for inclusion in CEA modelling were extracted from the original trial. Compared with UC, pregabalin (average dose 218 mg/day) was associated with significantly higher QALY gain; 0.1209 ± 0.1030 versus 0.0994 ± 0.0979 (P = 0.003), but increased healthcare costs as well; <euro>1,272 ± 1,240 versus <euro>1,070 ± 1,177 (P < 0.069) and drug costs <euro>525 ± 252 versus 219 ± 211 (P < 0.001), resulting in an ICER of <euro>15,804/QALY (95 % CI 6,661; 37,186) for healthcare costs and <euro>15,165/QALY (7,947; 31,754) when drug costs were considered alone. A total of 94 % of re-samples fell below the threshold of <euro>30,000 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS This evaluation modelling suggests that pregabalin may be cost-effective in comparison with UC in outpatients with refractory GAD treated in mental healthcare settings in daily practice in Spain.
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Mezhebovsky I, Mägi K, She F, Datto C, Eriksson H. Double-blind, randomized study of extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in older patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:615-25. [PMID: 23070803 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in older patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS An 11-week (9-week treatment; 2-week posttreatment), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (D1448C00015) of flexibly-dosed quetiapine XR (50-300 mg/day) or placebo conducted at 47 sites (Estonia, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, and USA) between September 2006 and April 2008. Patients (≥66 years) with DSM-IV diagnosis of GAD, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) total score of ≥20 with item 1 (anxious mood) and 2 (tension) scores of ≥2, Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score of ≥4, and Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score of ≤16 were eligible for inclusion. Primary endpoint: week 9 change from randomization in HAM-A total score. RESULTS Patients were randomized to quetiapine XR (n = 223) or placebo (n = 227). At week 9, quetiapine XR significantly reduced HAM-A total score versus placebo (least squares mean -14.97 versus -7.21; p < 0.001); symptom improvement with quetiapine XR versus placebo was significant at week 1 (p < 0.001). At week 9, quetiapine XR demonstrated significant benefits over placebo for HAM-A response and remission rates, HAM-A psychic and somatic cluster, MADRS total, CGI-S, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global, pain visual analog scale, and Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire short form % maximum total scores and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (% patients with a score of 1/2) (all p < 0.001). Adverse events (>5% in either treatment group) included somnolence, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and nausea. CONCLUSIONS Quetiapine XR (50-300 mg/day) monotherapy is effective in the short term in improving symptoms of anxiety in older patients with GAD, with symptom improvement seen as early as week 1. Tolerability findings were generally consistent with the known profile of quetiapine.
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Parmentier H, García-Campayo J, Prieto R. Comprehensive review of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care in Europe. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:355-67. [PMID: 23356728 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2013.770731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize meta-analyses and other relevant data relating to the efficacy and safety of the various treatment options for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in Europe. In addition, it will provide an overview of the prevalence, burden, and recognition of the disorder, with a view to raise awareness of GAD and inform primary care practitioners. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Relevant research or review articles on psychological or pharmacological treatments for GAD published in the English language between March 2006 and March 2012 were identified via a literature search in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge and from the Cochrane Library. Other relevant references/clinical guidelines were individually selected by the authors. RESULTS Prevalence rates of GAD vary across Europe but its economic and social burden is increasing. A large proportion of patients with GAD present with symptoms in primary care. However, due to the disorder's complexity and the incidence of comorbid diseases, some primary care physicians may lack the knowledge or confidence to effectively recognize, manage, and/or treat the disorder. This is despite psychological and pharmacological treatments being available for the effective management of GAD. CONCLUSIONS GAD remains a difficult disorder to detect and comorbid complications add to its economic and social burden. Early detection and intervention reduces the societal burden and improves GAD patients' quality of life and functional ability. Primary care practitioners play a key role in identifying and treating patients with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Parmentier
- 53 Smitham Bottom Lane, Purley, Surrey, CR8 3DF, UK.
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Cates LN, Roberts AJ, Huitron-Resendiz S, Hedlund PB. Effects of lurasidone in behavioral models of depression. Role of the 5-HT₇ receptor subtype. Neuropharmacology 2013; 70:211-7. [PMID: 23416039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a common psychiatric disorder associated with high symptomatic and functional burdens. Pharmacological treatment is often effective, but there remain substantial unmet needs in the form of non-responders, delayed onset of clinical effect, and side effects. Recent studies have positioned the serotonin 5-HT₇ receptor as a new target for the treatment of depression. Preclinical studies have shown that antagonists induce an antidepressant-like response, a phenotype that can also be observed in mice lacking the receptor. Lurasidone is a new atypical antipsychotic agent with very high affinity for the 5-HT₇ receptor. Patients in clinical trials have reported improved scores in depression ratings. We have tested lurasidone in both acute and chronic mouse models of depression. In the tail suspension and forced swim tests lurasidone decreased immobility, an antidepressant-like response. The effect required functional 5-HT₇ receptors as it was absent in mice lacking the receptor. In the repeated open-space swim test lurasidone was able to reverse the despair induced by repeated swims in a manner similar to the commonly used antidepressant citalopram. The results provide evidence that lurasidone can act as a 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist and provide a possible explanation for the antidepressant effect data currently emerging from lurasidone clinical trials. Additionally, the results give further support for targeting the 5-HT₇ receptor in the treatment of depression. It will be of interest to clinically evaluate lurasidone as an antidepressant either as monotherapy or as an adjunctive therapy to available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Cates
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Jensen AA, Plath N, Pedersen MHF, Isberg V, Krall J, Wellendorph P, Stensbøl TB, Gloriam DE, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Frølund B. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of N- and O-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-3-ol analogues: novel 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2C) receptor agonists with pro-cognitive properties. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1211-27. [PMID: 23301527 DOI: 10.1021/jm301656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The isoxazol-3-one tautomer of the bicyclic isoxazole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-3-ol (THAZ), has previously been shown to be a weak GABA(A) and glycine receptor antagonist. In the present study, the potential in this scaffold has been explored through the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a series of N- and O-substituted THAZ analogues. The analogues N-Bn-THAZ (3d) and O-Bn-THAZ (4d) were found to be potent agonists of the human 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. Judging from an elaborate pharmacological profiling at numerous other CNS targets, the 3d analogue appears to be selective for the two receptors. Administration of 3d substantially improved the cognitive performance of mice in a place recognition Y-maze model, an effect fully reversible by coadministration of the selective 5-HT(2C) antagonist SB242084. In conclusion, as novel bioavailable cognitive enhancers that most likely mediate their effects through 5-HT(2A) and/or 5-HT(2C) receptors, the isoxazoles 3d and 4d constitute interesting leads for further medicinal chemistry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Inoue H, Harada T, Eto S, Nakashima K, Ibusuki T, Kosha K, Date Y, Sanematsu E, Shinohara Y, Takahashi K, Yoshimura R, Nakamura J, Kojima E, Tsuruta Y. Determination of paroxetine in serum treated with simple pretreatment by pre-column high-performance liquid chromatography using 4-(5,6-dimethoxy-2-phthalimidinyl)-2-methoxyphenylsulfonyl chloride as a fluorescent labeling reagent. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:688-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Takuya Harada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Seiji Eto
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Ken Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Takuya Ibusuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Keiko Kosha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Yuuko Date
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Emiko Sanematsu
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyuushu; Fukuoka; 807-8555; Japan
| | - Yoshitake Shinohara
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyuushu; Fukuoka; 807-8555; Japan
| | - Kojiro Takahashi
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyuushu; Fukuoka; 807-8555; Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyuushu; Fukuoka; 807-8555; Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyuushu; Fukuoka; 807-8555; Japan
| | - Eijiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
| | - Yasuto Tsuruta
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama; Hiroshima; 729-0292; Japan
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Buoli M, Caldiroli A, Caletti E, Paoli RA, Altamura AC. New approaches to the pharmacological management of generalized anxiety disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:175-84. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.759559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sen S, Kamma SR, Gundla R, Adepally U, Kuncha S, Thirnathi S, Prasad UV. A reagent based DOS strategy via Evans chiral auxiliary: highly stereoselective Michael reaction towards optically active quinolizidinones, piperidinones and pyrrolidinones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gangula S, Kolla NK, Elati C, Dongamanti A, Bandichhor R. Improved Process for Paroxetine Hydrochloride Substantially Free from Potential Impurities. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.582216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Gangula
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. , Qutubullapur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kolla
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. , Qutubullapur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Chandrasekar Elati
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. , Qutubullapur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Ashok Dongamanti
- b Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , India
| | - Rakeshwar Bandichhor
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. , Qutubullapur , Andhra Pradesh , India
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De Salas-Cansado M, Olivares JM, Alvarez E, Carrasco JL, Barrueta A, Rejas J. Pregabalin versus SSRIs and SNRIs in benzodiazepine-refractory outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder: a post hoc cost-effectiveness analysis in usual medical practice in Spain. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2012; 4:157-68. [PMID: 22745564 PMCID: PMC3384369 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s31102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent health condition which seriously affects both patient quality of life and the National Health System. The aim of this research was to carry out a post hoc cost-effectiveness analysis of the effect of pregabalin versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)/serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in treated benzodiazepine-refractory outpatients with GAD. METHODS This post hoc cost-effectiveness analysis used secondary data extracted from the 6-month cohort, prospective, noninterventional ADAN study, which was conducted to ascertain the cost of illness in GAD subjects diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. Benzodiazepine-refractory subjects were those who claimed persistent symptoms of anxiety and showed a suboptimal response (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ≥ 16) to benzodiazepines, alone or in combination, over 6 months. Patients could switch to pregabalin (as monotherapy or addon) or to an SSRI or SNRI, alone or in combination. Effectiveness was expressed as quality-adjusted life years gained, and the perspective was that of the National Health System in the year 2008. A sensitivity analysis was performed using bootstrapping techniques (10,000 resamples were obtained) in order to obtain a cost-effectiveness plane and a corresponding acceptability curve. RESULTS A total of 282 subjects (mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score 25.8) were identified, comprising 157 in a pregabalin group and 125 in an SSRI/SNRI group. Compared with SSRI/SNRI, pregabalin (average dose 163 mg/day) was associated with higher quality-adjusted life years gained (0.1086 ± 0.0953 versus 0.0967 ± 0.1003, P = 0.334), but increased health care costs (€1014 ± 762 versus €846 ± 620, P = 0.166) and drug costs (€376 ± 252 versus 220 ± 140, P < 0.001), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,304 (95% confidence interval dominant 149,430) per quality-adjusted life years gained for health care costs and €25,454 (dominant 124,562) when drug costs were considered alone. Eighty-six percent of resamples fell below the threshold of €30,000 per quality-adjusted life years. CONCLUSION This evaluation suggests that pregabalin may be cost-effective in comparison with SSRIs/SNRIs in benzodiazepine-refractory outpatients with GAD treated in mental health care settings under usual medical practice in Spain.
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