1
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Downey ML, Peralta-Yahya P. Technologies for the discovery of G protein-coupled receptor-targeting biologics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103138. [PMID: 38728825 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important pharmaceutical targets, working as entry points for signaling pathways involved in metabolic, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. Although small molecules remain the major GPCR drug type, biologic therapeutics, such as peptides and antibodies, are increasingly found among clinical trials and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Here, we review state-of-the-art technologies for the engineering of biologics that target GPCRs, as well as proof-of-principle technologies that are ripe for this application. Looking ahead, inexpensive DNA synthesis will enable the routine generation of computationally predesigned libraries for use in display assays for the rapid discovery of GPCR binders. Advances in synthetic biology are enabling the increased throughput of functional GPCR assays to the point that they can be used to directly identify biologics that modulate GPCR activity. Finally, we give an overview of adjacent technologies that are ripe for application to discover biologics that target human GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna L Downey
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Pamela Peralta-Yahya
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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2
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Nagano H, Matsumoto H, Miyamoto Y, Takumi K, Nakajo M, Yamashita M. Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) in the Nasal and Paranasal Cavity: Four Cases Report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1264-1271. [PMID: 38440568 PMCID: PMC10908978 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a form of leukemia caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1). Otolaryngologists often diagnose ATL based on cervical lymphadenopathy or Waldeyer ring lesions. However, there are few reports of ATL occurring in the nasal and paranasal cavity. Here, we report four such cases of ATL. Case 1: An 82-year-old man diagnosed with acute-type ATL with a tumor in the nasal cavity underwent 5 courses of THP-COP, but died after 36 months due to ATL. Case 2: A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with a tumor in the frontal sinus was treated with 5 courses of VCAP-AMP-VECP, and has survived for more than 10 years. Case 3: A 64-year-old man diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with a tumor in the maxillary sinus underwent 8 courses of VCAP-AMP-VECP and 2 courses of mogamulizumab, but died after 34 months due to ATL. Case 4: A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with tumors in both ethmoid sinuses received 2 courses of CHOP, 2 courses of DeVIC, radiotherapy (32 Gy) and 2 courses of mogamulizumab, but died after 9 months due to ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nagano
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Hayato Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Yumi Miyamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Koji Takumi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Masaru Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
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3
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Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Antitumor activities against breast cancers by an afucosylated anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody H 2 Mab-77-mG 2a -f. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:298-309. [PMID: 37942574 PMCID: PMC10823288 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients with high levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression have worse clinical outcomes. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is the most important therapeutic modality for HER2-positive breast cancer. We previously immunized mice with the ectodomain of HER2 to create the anti-HER2 mAb, H2 Mab-77 (mouse IgG1 , kappa). This was then altered to produce H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f, an afucosylated mouse IgG2a . In the present work, we examined the reactivity of H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f and antitumor effects against breast cancers in vitro and in vivo. BT-474, an endogenously HER2-expressing breast cancer cell line, was identified by H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f with a strong binding affinity (a dissociation constant [KD ]: 5.0 × 10-9 M). H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f could stain HER2 of breast cancer tissues in immunohistochemistry and detect HER2 protein in Western blot analysis. Furthermore, H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f demonstrated strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) for BT-474 cells. MDA-MB-468, a HER2-negative breast cancer cell line, was unaffected by H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f. Additionally, in the BT-474-bearing tumor xenograft model, H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f substantially suppressed tumor development when compared with the control mouse IgG2a mAb. In contrast, the HER2-negative MDA-MB-468-bearing tumor xenograft model showed no response to H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f. These findings point to the possibility of H2 Mab-77-mG2a -f as a treatment regimen by showing that it has antitumor effects on HER2-positive breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), NumazuMicrobial Chemistry Research FoundationShizuokaJapan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of OncologyMicrobial Chemistry Research FoundationTokyoJapan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan
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4
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Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. A Cancer-Specific Monoclonal Antibody against Podocalyxin Exerted Antitumor Activities in Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:161. [PMID: 38203331 PMCID: PMC10779310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PODXL) overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in various tumors. PODXL is involved in tumor malignant progression through the promotion of invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, PODXL is considered a promising target of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. However, PODXL also plays an essential role in normal cells, such as vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. Therefore, cancer specificity or selectivity is required to reduce adverse effects on normal cells. Here, we developed an anti-PODXL cancer-specific mAb (CasMab), PcMab-6 (IgG1, kappa), by immunizing mice with a soluble PODXL ectodomain derived from a glioblastoma LN229 cell. PcMab-6 reacted with the PODXL-positive LN229 cells but not with PODXL-knockout LN229 cells in flow cytometry. Importantly, PcMab-6 recognized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, Capan-2, and PK-45H) but did not react with normal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In contrast, one of the non-CasMabs, PcMab-47, showed high reactivity to both the PDAC cell lines and LECs. Next, we engineered PcMab-6 into a mouse IgG2a-type (PcMab-6-mG2a) and a humanized IgG1-type (humPcMab-6) mAb and further produced the core fucose-deficient types (PcMab-6-mG2a-f and humPcMab-6-f, respectively) to potentiate the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Both PcMab-6-mG2a-f and humPcMab-6-f exerted ADCC and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the presence of effector cells and complements, respectively. In the PDAC xenograft model, both PcMab-6-mG2a-f and humPcMab-6-f exhibited potent antitumor effects. These results indicated that humPcMab-6-f could apply to antibody-based therapy against PODXL-expressing pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Japan;
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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5
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Quadri I, Reneau JC, Hanel W, Chung CG. Advancements in the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, and Janus kinase inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291259. [PMID: 38022633 PMCID: PMC10654973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are forms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) that pose significant challenges in their clinical management, particularly in refractory and advanced-stage disease. With the emergence of novel therapeutic modalities however, there are increasing opportunities to exploit the current understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms of MF/SS for treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the treatment of MF/SS, with a focus on monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, including ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Quadri
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John C. Reneau
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and The James and Solove Research Center and Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and The James and Solove Research Center and Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine G. Chung
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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6
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Altaf F, Qureshi ZA, Moore S, Golek TM, Chawala A. A Textbook Case of Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)-Induced Adult T-cell Leukemia Treated With Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, and Prednisone/Prednisolone (CHOP). Cureus 2023; 15:e49169. [PMID: 38024023 PMCID: PMC10660912 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-I) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus of the Retroviridae family. The virus causes two well-recognized disease associations: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM), also known as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). We report a case of HTLV-1-induced adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia in a 45-year-old female who presented with complaints of swelling on the right side of her neck and rash on her upper and lower extremities and abdomen. The patient also had a history of strongyloidiasis infection and Crohn's disease. She was found to have hypercalcemia and multiple lytic lesions of the bone found on the imaging. She also tested positive for HTLV-1 and T cell-positive for cluster of differentiation (CD) 2, CD3, partial CD5, and minimal CD56, later confirmed by the bone marrow (BM) and skin punch biopsies. ATL is characterized by the clonal proliferation of CD4+ T cells containing randomly integrated HTLV-I provirus, often associated with T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. ATL, in its aggressive forms, has one of the poorest prognoses of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is essential to raise awareness of ATL, although further research and trials are needed to solidify the treatment options to prevent mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Altaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA
| | - Zaheer A Qureshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, Bridgeport, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Medicine, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, SXM
| | - Tiffany-Marie Golek
- Department of Medicine, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, SXM
| | - Arpan Chawala
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA
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7
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Letafati A, Soheili R, Norouzi M, Soleimani P, Mozhgani SH. Therapeutic approaches for HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: a comprehensive review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:295. [PMID: 37689806 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an infrequent malignancy resultant from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1), exhibits a spectrum of phenotypes, encompassing acute, smoldering, lymphomatous, and chronic variants, each bearing distinct clinical presentations. The preponderant acute manifestation is characterized by hypercalcemia, systemic manifestations, organomegaly, and dermatological eruptions. Conversely, the chronic phenotype is typified by lymphocytosis and/or cutaneous eruptions, while smoldering ATLL assumes an asymptomatic course. Immunocompromise afflicts ATLL patients, heightening their vulnerability to opportunistic infections that frequently intricately intertwine with disease progression. Therefore, an early diagnosis is crucial to manage the disease appropriately. While conventional chemotherapeutic regimens have shown limited success, especially in acute and lymphoma types, recent studies suggest that allogeneic stem cell transplantation might enhance treatment results because it has shown promising outcomes in some patients. Novel therapeutics, such as interferon and monoclonal antibodies, have also shown promise, but more research is needed to confirm their efficacy. Moreover, the identification of biomarkers for ATLL and genetic changes in HTLV-1 infected cells has led to the development of targeted therapies that have shown remarkable success in clinical trials. These targeted therapies have the potential to offer a more personalized approach to the treatment of ATLL. The aim of our review is to elaborate on conventional and novel therapies and the efficiency of mentioned treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roben Soheili
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Soleimani
- Advanced Science Faculty, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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8
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Darsaraee M, Kaveh S, Mani-Varnosfaderani A, Neiband MS. General structure-activity/selectivity relationship patterns for the inhibitors of the chemokine receptors (CCR1/CCR2/CCR4/CCR5) with application for virtual screening of PubChem database. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37599469 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2248255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) form a crucial subfamily of G protein-linked receptors that play a distinct role in the onset and progression of various life-threatening diseases. The main aim of this research is to derive general structure-activity relationship (SAR) patterns to describe the selectivity and activity of CCR inhibitors. To this end, a total of 7332 molecules related to the inhibition of CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, and CCR5 were collected from the Binding Database and analyzed using machine learning techniques. A diverse set of 450 molecular descriptors was calculated for each molecule, and the molecules were classified based on their therapeutic targets and activities. The variable importance in the projection (VIP) approach was used to select discriminatory molecular features, and classification models were developed using supervised Kohonen networks (SKN) and counter-propagation artificial neural networks (CPANN). The reliability and predictability of the models were estimated using 10-fold cross-validation, an external validation set, and an applicability domain approach. We were able to identify different sets of molecular descriptors for discriminating between active and inactive molecules and model the selectivity of inhibitors towards different CCRs. The sensitivities of the predictions for the external test set for the SKN models ranged from 0.827-0.873. Finally, the developed classification models were used to screen approximately 2 million random molecules from the PubChem database, with average values for areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.78-0.96 for SKN models and 0.75-0.89 for CPANN models.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Darsaraee
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Kaveh
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mani-Varnosfaderani
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M S Neiband
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
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9
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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10
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Mohammadi M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Arjmand M, Torkashvand F, Bahadori T, Judaki MA, Shiravi F, Ahmadi Zare H, Notash Haghighat F, Mobini M, Shokri F, Amiri MM. A Novel Fc-Engineered Anti-HER2 Bispecific Antibody With Enhanced Antitumor Activity. J Immunother 2023; 46:121-131. [PMID: 36939675 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression has been demonstrated in a variety of cancers. Targeted therapy with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been approved as a therapeutic modality. Despite the efficacy of mAbs in tumor treatment, many patients do not benefit from this therapeutic platform. Fragment crystallizable (Fc) engineering is a common approach to improve the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs. Five Fc-engineered mAbs have so far been approved by FDA. We have recently developed an anti-HER2 bispecific mAb, BiHT, constructed from variable domains of trastuzumab, and our novel humanized anti-HER2 mAb, hersintuzumab. BiHT displayed promising antitumor activity as potently as the combination of the parental mAbs. Here, we aimed to modify the Fc of BiHT to improve its therapeutic efficacy. The Fc-engineered BiHT (MBiHT) bound to recombinant HER2 and its subdomains with an affinity similar to BiHT. It also recognized native HER2 on different cell lines, inhibited their proliferation, downregulated HER2 expression, and suppressed downstream signaling pathways similar to BiHT. Compared with BiHT, MBiHT displayed enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity against various tumor cell lines. It also inhibited the growth of ovarian xenograft tumors in nude mice more potently than BiHT. Our findings suggest that MBiHT could be a potent therapeutic candidate for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Tannaz Bahadori
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Fariba Shiravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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12
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Trends and Perspectives of Biological Drug Approvals by the FDA: A Review from 2015 to 2021. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092325. [PMID: 36140426 PMCID: PMC9496574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite belonging to a relatively new class of pharmaceuticals, biological drugs have been used since the 1980s, when they brought about a breakthrough in the treatment of chronic diseases, especially cancer. They conquered a large space in the pipeline of the pharmaceutical industry and boosted the innovation portfolio and arsenal of therapeutic compounds available. Here, we report on biological drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2015 to 2021. The number of drugs included in this class grew over this period, totaling 90 approvals, with an average of 13 authorizations per year. This figure contrasts with previous periods, which registered between 2 and 8 approvals per year. We highlight the great potential and advantages of biological drugs. In this context, these therapeutics show high efficacy and high selectivity, and they have brought about a significant increase in patient survival and a reduction of adverse reactions. The development and production of biopharmaceuticals pose a major challenge because these processes require cutting-edge technology, thereby making the drugs very expensive. However, we believe that, in the near future, biological medicines will be more accessible and new drugs belonging to this class will become available as new technologies emerge. Such advances will enhance the production of these biopharmaceuticals, thereby making the process increasingly profitable and less expensive, thereby bringing about greater availability of these drugs.
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Takei J, Suzuki H, Asano T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development of a Novel Anti-Mouse CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody (C 4Mab-1) by N-Terminal Peptide Immunization. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2022; 41:87-93. [PMID: 35471046 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor type-4 (CCR4) belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, expressed on the cell surface of T cells and its malignancy. Two CCR4 ligands (CCL17 and CCL22) bind to CCR4 that mediate physiological and pathological functions of T cell immune responses. Anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) mogamulizumab is approved for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and cutaneous T cell lymphomas. In addition, mogamulizumab can deplete regulatory T cells, implying the application to solid tumors as an immunomodulator. Therefore, the development of sensitive mAbs for CCR4 has been desired for basic research, diagnosis, and therapy. In this study, a specific, and sensitive anti-mouse CCR4 (mCCR4) mAb, C4Mab-1 (rat IgG1, kappa), was established using N-terminal peptide immunization. C4Mab-1 reacted with mCCR4-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, P388 (mouse lymphoid neoplasm), and J774-1 (mouse macrophage-like) cells in flow cytometry. Kinetic analyses using flow cytometry showed that KDs of C4Mab-1 for CHO/mCCR4, P388, and J774-1 cells were 4.2 × 10-9 M, 5.4 × 10-7 M, and 1.1 × 10-6 M, respectively. C4Mab-1 could be a valuable tool for elucidating mCCR4-related biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Development of a novel Indium-111 radiolabeled mogamulizumab targeting CCR4 for imaging adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in vivo. Ann Nucl Med 2022; 36:319-326. [PMID: 35034259 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) infection, is among the most aggressive categories and has the worst prognosis among T-cell lymphomas. Mogamulizumab, an anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR 4), has been shown to be effective in the treatment of ATL; however, some ATL cases are often resistant, particularly the lymphoma-type ATL. To evaluate drug delivery in vivo and identify the distribution of CCR4-positive cells in the body, we developed a novel mogamulizumab tracer labeled with Indium-111 (111In) via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), named [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab, and evaluated its potential for visualizing CCR4 expression in vivo. METHODS [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab was added to HCT116/CCR4 or HCT116/empty vector (EV) cells, and their radioactivity was measured 1 h after administration. A blocking study was additionally performed by treating HCT116/CCR4 cells with excess mogamulizumab in addition to [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab. The biodistribution and SPECT imaging of [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab in HCT116/CCR4 and HCT116/EV dual-xenografted BALB/c-nu mice were evaluated for 72 h after intravenous injection. RESULTS [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab was acquired with a radiochemical purity > 95%. The cellular uptake level of [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab by HCT116/CCR4 cells was significantly higher than that by HCT116/EV cells (HCT116/CCR4: 0.951 ± 0.069, HCT116/EV: 0.006 ± 0.001%dose/mg protein, p < 0.01), and the uptake was significantly suppressed by co-incubation with excess mogamulizumab (0.013 ± 0.003%dose/mg protein, p < 0.01). In the in vivo study, the radioactivity of the HCT116/CCR4 tumor tissue was significantly higher than that of the HCT116/EV tumor tissue at 72 h after the administration of [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab (HCT116/CCR4: 20.5 ± 5.4, HCT116/EV: 5.7 ± 1.0%ID/g), and HCT116/CCR4 tumors were clearly and specifically visualized on SPECT imaging. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed a novel SPECT imaging tracer targeting CCR4, [111In]In-DTPA-mogamulizumab, which showed good specificity and pharmacokinetics, indicating potential in visualizing CCR4 expression in vivo.
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Abstract
Glycosylation, one of the most common post-translational modifications in mammalian cells, impacts many biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the most abundant glycoprotein in human serum, immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a vital role in immune response and protection. There is a growing body of evidence suggests that IgG structure and function are modulated by attached glycans, especially N-glycans, and aberrant glycosylation is associated with disease states. In this chapter, we review IgG glycan repertoire and function, strategies for profiling IgG N-glycome and recent studies. Mass spectrometry (MS) based techniques are the most powerful tools for profiling IgG glycome. IgG glycans can be divided into high-mannose, biantennary complex and hybrid types, modified with mannosylation, core-fucosylation, galactosylation, bisecting GlcNAcylation, or sialylation. Glycosylation of IgG affects antibody half-life and their affinity and avidity for antigens, regulates crystallizable fragment (Fc) structure and Fcγ receptor signaling, as well as antibody effector function. Because of their critical roles, IgG N-glycans appear to be promising biomarkers for various disease states. Specific IgG glycosylation can convert a pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, IgG glycoengineering provides a powerful approach to potentially develop effective drugs and treat disease. Based on the understanding of the functional role of IgG glycans, the development of vaccines with enhanced capacity and long-term protection are possible in the near future.
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16
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Musiek ACM, Rieger KE, Bagot M, Choi JN, Fisher DC, Guitart J, Haun PL, Horwitz SM, Huen AOL, Kwong BY, Lacouture ME, Noor SJ, Rook AH, Seminario-Vidal L, Vermeer MH, Kim YH. Dermatologic Events Associated with the Anti-CCR4 Antibody Mogamulizumab: Characterization and Management. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 12:29-40. [PMID: 34816383 PMCID: PMC8776934 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCR4-directed monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab has been shown to significantly improve progression-free survival and overall response rate compared with vorinostat in adults with relapsed/refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). One of the most common adverse events seen with mogamulizumab in MF/SS patients is rash. Because of the protean nature of MF/SS and the variable clinical and histopathological features of mogamulizumab-associated rash, healthcare providers may have difficulty distinguishing rash from disease, and may not be aware of appropriate treatment strategies for this generally manageable adverse event. The objective of this report was to combine results from published literature with experiences and recommendations from multiple investigators and institutions into clinical best practice recommendations to assist healthcare providers in identifying and managing mogamulizumab-associated rash. Optimal management, which includes biopsy confirmation and steroid treatment, requires a multidisciplinary approach among oncology, dermatology, and pathology practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C M Musiek
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4901 Forest Park, Suite 502, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | | | - Martine Bagot
- Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Inserm U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Paul L Haun
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah J Noor
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wirtz S, Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Functional Contribution and Targeted Migration of Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Being at the Right Place at the Right Time. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688879. [PMID: 34177944 PMCID: PMC8222800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been discovered and successfully established as crucial mediators of lung allergy, airway inflammation and fibrosis, thus affecting the pathogenesis and clinical course of many respiratory diseases, like for instance asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an important regulatory component in this context, the local pulmonary milieu at inflammatory tissue sites does not only determine the activation status of lung-infiltrating ILC2s, but also influences their motility and migratory behavior. In general, many data collected in recent murine and human studies argued against the former concept of a very strict tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and instead pointed to a context-dependent homing capacity of peripheral blood ILC precursors and the inflammation-dependent capacity of specific ILC subsets for interorgan trafficking. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the so far described molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary migration of ILC2s and thereby the numeric regulation of local ILC2 pools at inflamed or fibrotic pulmonary tissue sites and discuss their potential to serve as innovative therapeutic targets in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Williams TC, Jackson DJ, Maltby S, Walton RP, Ching YM, Glanville N, Singanayagam A, Brewins JJ, Clarke D, Hirsman AG, Loo SL, Wei L, Beale JE, Casolari P, Caramori G, Papi A, Belvisi M, Wark PAB, Johnston SL, Edwards MR, Bartlett NW. Rhinovirus-induced CCL17 and CCL22 in Asthma Exacerbations and Differential Regulation by STAT6. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:344-356. [PMID: 33264064 PMCID: PMC7909342 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0011oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of type-2 inflammation and antiviral immunity underpins asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Virus infection induces type-2 inflammation-promoting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in asthma; however, mechanisms regulating induction are poorly understood. By using a human rhinovirus (RV) challenge model in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and mice in vivo, we assessed mechanisms regulating CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Subjects with mild to moderate asthma and healthy volunteers were experimentally infected with RV and airway CCL17 and CCL22 protein quantified. In vitro airway epithelial cell- and mouse-RV infection models were then used to define STAT6- and NF-κB-mediated regulation of CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Following RV infection, CCL17 and CCL22 expression was higher in asthma, which differentially correlated with clinical and immunological parameters. Air-liquid interface-differentiated primary epithelial cells from donors with asthma also expressed higher levels of RV-induced CCL22. RV infection boosted type-2 cytokine-induced STAT6 activation. In epithelial cells, type-2 cytokines and STAT6 activation had differential effects on chemokine expression, increasing CCL17 and suppressing CCL22, whereas NF-κB promoted expression of both chemokines. In mice, RV infection activated pulmonary STAT6, which was required for CCL17 but not CCL22 expression. STAT6-knockout mice infected with RV expressed increased levels of NF-κB-regulated chemokines, which was associated with rapid viral clearance. Therefore, RV-induced upregulation of CCL17 and CCL22 was mediated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression was differentially regulated by STAT6. Together, these findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of type-2 STAT6 activation alone will not block all inflammatory pathways during RV infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Williams
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Jackson
- Asthma UK Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Guy’s Severe Asthma Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Maltby
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross P. Walton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yee-Mann Ching
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Brewins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Clarke
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurica G. Hirsman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Wei
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janine E. Beale
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy; and
| | - Alberto Papi
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Belvisi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Michael R. Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zijtregtop EAM, van der Strate I, Beishuizen A, Zwaan CM, Scheijde-Vermeulen MA, Brandsma AM, Meyer-Wentrup F. Biology and Clinical Applicability of Plasma Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC) in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:884. [PMID: 33672548 PMCID: PMC7923750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is produced by different cell types and is highly expressed in the thymus. It plays an important role in T cell development, trafficking and activation of mature T cells after binding to its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and consecutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation. Importantly, TARC is also produced by malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In cHL, HRS cells survive and proliferate due to the micro-environment consisting primarily of type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. TARC-mediated signaling initiates a positive feedback loop that is crucial for the interaction between HRS and T cells. The clinical applicability of TARC is diverse. It is useful as diagnostic biomarker in both children and adults with cHL and in other Th2-driven diseases. In adult cHL patients, TARC is also a biomarker for treatment response and prognosis. Finally, blocking TARC signaling and thus inhibiting pathological Th2 cell recruitment could be a therapeutic strategy in cHL. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of TARC and focus on its role in cHL pathogenesis and as a biomarker for cHL and other diseases. We conclude by giving an outlook on putative therapeutic applications of antagonists and inhibitors of TARC-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A. M. Zijtregtop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Iris van der Strate
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Auke Beishuizen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Christian M. Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | | | - Arianne M. Brandsma
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Friederike Meyer-Wentrup
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.S.); (A.M.B.)
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20
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Bedair A, Mansour FR. Insights into the FDA 2018 New Drug Approvals. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:293-306. [PMID: 31793428 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666191202104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Center of Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) in the food and drug administration (FDA) approves new drugs every year. This review discusses the novel drugs of the FDA in 2018, with emphasis on the breakthrough drugs, the milestones in the approved list, and drugs with the highest expected sales in 2024. METHODS The following scientific search engines were surveyed for the clinical trials of the drugs approved by the FDA in 2018: Pubmed, Springer link, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley online library, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar. The total forecast sales were compared based on information from the Cortellis database, EvaluatePharma, and Nature Biobusiness Briefs. RESULTS The 2018 year was full of good news for the drug market in the USA, with 59 new drug approvals by the FDA, which is the highest number of approvals in the last twenty years. The oncology and the antimicrobial drugs represent almost 50% of the new list, which gives hope to cancer patients and subjects with infectious diseases. In the 2018 FDA list, a number of drugs are expected to exceed 1$ billion dollars of sales by 2024. CONCLUSION The new drugs approved by the FDA in 2018 have been reviewed. This year showed the highest number of new drug approvals in the last two decades. Among the 59 drugs approved in 2018, 14 drugs are considered breakthroughs, which revive hope for many poorly managed diseases. The list also contains 19 drugs that are first in class and 43 that were given priority reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Bedair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, 32958, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt
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21
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Rouhimoghadam M, Lu AS, Salem AK, Filardo EJ. Therapeutic Perspectives on the Modulation of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor, GPER, Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591217. [PMID: 33329395 PMCID: PMC7719807 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens exert their physiological and pathophysiological effects via cellular receptors, named ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Estrogen-regulated physiology is tightly controlled by factors that regulate estrogen bioavailability and receptor sensitivity, while disruption of these control mechanisms can result in loss of reproductive function, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, obesity, insulin resistance, endometriosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Restoration of estrogen physiology by modulating estrogen bioavailability or receptor activity is an effective approach for treating these pathological conditions. Therapeutic interventions that block estrogen action are employed effectively for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer as well as for precocious puberty and anovulatory infertility. Theoretically, treatments that block estrogen biosynthesis should prevent estrogen action at ERs and GPER, although drug resistance and ligand-independent receptor activation may still occur. In addition, blockade of estrogen biosynthesis does not prevent activation of estrogen receptors by naturally occurring or man-made exogenous estrogens. A more complicated scenario is provided by anti-estrogen drugs that antagonize ERs since these drugs function as GPER agonists. Based upon its association with metabolic dysregulation and advanced cancer, GPER represents a therapeutic target with promise for the treatment of several critical health concerns facing Western society. Selective ligands that specifically target GPER have been developed and may soon serve as pharmacological agents for treating human disease. Here, we review current forms of estrogen therapy and the implications that GPER holds for these therapies. We also discuss existing GPER targeted drugs, additional approaches towards developing GPER-targeted therapies and how these therapies may complement existing modalities of estrogen-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anh S. Lu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward J. Filardo
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Antigen Design for Successful Isolation of Highly Challenging Therapeutic Anti-GPCR Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218240. [PMID: 33153215 PMCID: PMC7663707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) transmit extracellular signals into cells to regulate a variety of cellular functions and are closely related to the homeostasis of the human body and the progression of various types of diseases. Great attention has been paid to GPCRs as excellent drug targets, and there are many commercially available small-molecule chemical drugs against GPCRs. Despite this, the development of therapeutic anti-GPCR antibodies has been delayed and is challenging due to the difficulty in preparing active forms of GPCR antigens, resulting from their low cellular expression and complex structures. Here, we focus on anti-GPCR antibodies that have been approved or are subject to clinical trials and present various technologies to prepare active GPCR antigens that enable the isolation of therapeutic antibodies to proceed toward clinical validation.
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Tawa M, Kopp E, McCann S, Cantrell W. Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Optimizing Care in Patients Receiving Anti-CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody Mogamulizumab. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2020; 23:E73-E80. [PMID: 31322628 DOI: 10.1188/19.cjon.e73-e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), including subtypes mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), represents a rare group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mogamulizumab is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to C-C chemokine receptor 4, which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells in T-cell malignancies, including MF/SS-type CTCL. OBJECTIVES This review identifies common diagnostic features of MF/SS, the efficacy and side effect profile of mogamulizumab, and practical management strategies for optimizing the nursing care of patients with MF/SS-type CTCL. METHODS Case studies are used to describe the role of mogamulizumab in CTCL and to review practical considerations when administering mogamulizumab to patients. FINDINGS Mogamulizumab is an effective treatment for adult patients with relapsed or refractory MF/SS-type CTCL who have received at least one prior systemic therapy. Infusion reactions and drug eruptions require prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Kopp
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
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25
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El Hajj H, Tsukasaki K, Cheminant M, Bazarbachi A, Watanabe T, Hermine O. Novel Treatments of Adult T Cell Leukemia Lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1062. [PMID: 32547515 PMCID: PMC7270167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy secondary to chronic infection with the human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) retrovirus. ATL carries a dismal prognosis. ATL classifies into four subtypes (acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering) which display different clinical features, prognosis and response to therapy, hence requiring different clinical management. Smoldering and chronic subtypes respond well to antiretroviral therapy using the combination of zidovudine (AZT) and interferon-alpha (IFN) with a significant prolongation of survival. Conversely, the watch and wait strategy or chemotherapy for these indolent subtypes allies with a poor long-term outcome. Acute ATL is associated with chemo-resistance and dismal prognosis. Lymphoma subtypes respond better to intensive chemotherapy but survival remains poor. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) results in long-term survival in roughly one third of transplanted patients but only a small percentage of patients can make it to transplant. Overall, current treatments of aggressive ATL are not satisfactory. Prognosis of refractory or relapsed patients is dismal with some encouraging results when using lenalidomide or mogamulizumab. To overcome resistance and prevent relapse, preclinical or pilot clinical studies using targeted therapies such as arsenic/IFN, monoclonal antibodies, epigenetic therapies are promising but warrant further clinical investigation. Anti-ATL vaccines including Tax peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, induced Tax-specific CTL responses in ATL patients. Finally, based on the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of ATL, and the risk-adapted treatment approaches to different ATL subtypes, treatment strategies of ATL should take into account the host immune responses and the host microenvironment including HTLV-1 infected non-malignant cells. Herein, we will provide a summary of novel treatments of ATL in vitro, in vivo, and in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
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26
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Rigoni R, Fontana E, Dobbs K, Marrella V, Taverniti V, Maina V, Facoetti A, D'Amico G, Al-Herz W, Cruz-Munoz ME, Schuetz C, Gennery AR, Garabedian EK, Giliani S, Draper D, Dbaibo G, Geha RS, Meyts I, Tousseyn T, Neven B, Moshous D, Fischer A, Schulz A, Finocchi A, Kuhns DB, Fink DL, Lionakis MS, Swamydas M, Guglielmetti S, Alejo J, Myles IA, Pittaluga S, Notarangelo LD, Villa A, Cassani B. Cutaneous barrier leakage and gut inflammation drive skin disease in Omenn syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1165-1179.e11. [PMID: 32311393 PMCID: PMC7649331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe early-onset erythroderma and gut inflammation, with massive tissue infiltration of oligoclonal activated T cells are the hallmark of Omenn syndrome (OS). Objective The impact of altered gut homeostasis in the cutaneous manifestations of OS remains to be clarified. Methods We analyzed a cohort of 15 patients with OS and the 129Sv/C57BL/6 knock-in Rag2R229Q/R229Q (Rag2R229Q) mouse model. Homing phenotypes of circulating lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were examined in the sera by ELISA and in skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry and in situ RNA hybridization. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by dextran sulfate sodium salt. Results We show that memory/activated T cells from patients with OS and from the Rag2R229Q mouse model of OS abundantly express the skin homing receptors cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen and CCR4 (Ccr4), associated with high levels of chemokine C-C motif ligands 17 and 22. Serum levels of LPS are also elevated. A broad Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammatory signature is detected in the periphery and in the skin. Increased Tlr4 expression in the skin of Rag2R229Q mice is associated with enhanced cutaneous inflammation on local and systemic administration of LPS. Likewise, boosting colitis in Rag2R229Q mice results in increased frequency of Ccr4+ splenic T cells and worsening of skin inflammation, as indicated by epidermal thickening, enhanced epithelial cell activation, and dermal infiltration by Th1 effector T cells. Conclusions These results support the existence of an interplay between gut and skin that can sustain skin inflammation in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Rigoni
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Veronica Marrella
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Maina
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Great North Children's Hospital, Clinical Resource Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silvia Giliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Cytogenetic and Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Draper
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Lab for Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Neven
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Danielle L Fink
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Julie Alejo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Ian A Myles
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md.
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Antibody glycosylation: impact on antibody drug characteristics and quality control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1905-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
In this issue of Structure, Apel et al., (2019) provide structural insight into the inhibition of a human chemokine G-protein-coupled receptor by a small-molecule antagonist, which advances our understanding of drug design principles for this complex family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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29
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Pinto DO, DeMarino C, Pleet ML, Cowen M, Branscome H, Al Sharif S, Jones J, Dutartre H, Lepene B, Liotta LA, Mahieux R, Kashanchi F. HTLV-1 Extracellular Vesicles Promote Cell-to-Cell Contact. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2147. [PMID: 31620104 PMCID: PMC6759572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a neglected and incurable retrovirus estimated to infect 5 to 10 million worldwide. Specific indigenous Australian populations report infection rates of more than 40%, suggesting a potential evolution of the virus with global implications. HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and a neurological disease named HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Even though HTLV-1 transmission primarily occurs from cell-to-cell, there is still a gap of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of viral spread and disease progression. We have recently shown that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) ubiquitously produced by cells may be used by HTLV-1 to transport viral proteins and RNA, and elicit adverse effects on recipient uninfected cells. The viral proteins Tax and HBZ are involved in disease progression and impairment of autophagy in infected cells. Here, we show that activation of HTLV-1 via ionizing radiation (IR) causes a significant increase of intracellular Tax, but not EV-associated Tax. Also, lower density EVs from HTLV-1-infected cells, separated by an Iodixanol density gradient, are positive for gp61+++/Tax+++/HBZ+ proteins (HTLV-1 EVs). We found that HTLV-1 EVs are not infectious when tested in multiple cell lines. However, these EVs promote cell-to-cell contact of uninfected cells, a phenotype which was enhanced with IR, potentially promoting viral spread. We treated humanized NOG mice with HTLV-1 EVs prior to infection and observed an increase in viral RNA synthesis in mice compared to control (EVs from uninfected cells). Proviral DNA levels were also quantified in blood, lung, spleen, liver, and brain post-treatment with HTLV-1 EVs, and we observed a consistent increase in viral DNA levels across all tissues, especially the brain. Finally, we show direct implications of EVs in viral spread and disease progression and suggest a two-step model of infection including the release of EVs from donor cells and recruitment of recipient cells as well as an increase in recipient cell-to-cell contact promoting viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Michelle L. Pleet
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Helene Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
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30
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In vitro affinity maturation of antibody against membrane-bound GPCR molecules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7703-7717. [PMID: 31359103 PMCID: PMC6719327 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, are among the most important targets against which many small molecule drugs have been developed. However, only two antibody drugs targeting GPCRs have been approved for clinical use although many antibody drugs against non-GPCR protein targets have been successfully developed for various disease indications. One of the challenges for developing anti-GPCR drugs is the high difficulty to perform affinity maturation due to their insolubility in aqueous solutions. To address this issue, CHO cell display libraries of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and full-length antibodies were maturated directly against vesicle probes prepared from CHO cells displaying the endothelin A receptor (ETaR) GPCR. The probe in the vesicle form ensures the physiological conformation and functional activity of the protein and avoids issues with membrane protein insolubility. The size of the vesicle had a clear effect on protein-ligand interaction; we used small-sized vesicles with low expression levels of GPCRs for the affinity maturation. Four rounds of affinity maturation combining vesicles as probes with the CHO cell display platform improved affinity by 13.58-fold for scFvs and 5.05-fold for full-length antibodies. We expect that this method will not only be used for the affinity maturation of antibodies against GPCRs but will also be used to mature antibodies for other types of proteins where the conformation/activity of which depends on the proper membrane environment.
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Scherer LD, Brenner MK, Mamonkin M. Chimeric Antigen Receptors for T-Cell Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:126. [PMID: 30891427 PMCID: PMC6411696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells for the treatment of T-lineage leukemia and lymphoma has encountered several unique challenges. The most widely expressed tumor antigen targets for malignant T cells are often also expressed on non-malignant T cells. Transducing T cells with CARs targeted to these shared antigens can therefore promote over-activation or fratricide of CAR T cells, reducing their therapeutic potency. If fratricide is resolved, clinical CAR T cell activity may eliminate normal T-cell subsets and cause temporary immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize the preclinical development of CAR-based therapies for T-cell malignancies and discuss strategies to minimize toxicities associated with on-target fratricide and off-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Scherer
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maksim Mamonkin
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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32
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Matsuo K, Hatanaka S, Kimura Y, Hara Y, Nishiwaki K, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Oiso N, Kawada A, Kabashima K, Nakayama T. A CCR4 antagonist ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by dibutyl phthalate and a hydrogel patch containing ovalbumin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1437-1444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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33
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Leipold D, Prabhu S. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Design of Therapeutic Antibodies. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 12:130-139. [PMID: 30414357 PMCID: PMC6440574 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through optimizing their pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties is crucial to improve efficacy while minimizing adverse events. Many of these properties are interdependent, which highlights the inherent challenges in therapeutic antibody design, where improving one antibody property can sometimes lead to changes in others. Here, we discuss optimization approaches for PK/PD properties of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Welborn M, Kubicki SL, Garg N, Patel AB. Retrospective Chart Review of Cutaneous Adverse Events Associated with Tremelimumab in 17 Patients. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:899-905. [PMID: 30073495 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tremelimumab is a monoclonal human antibody that inhibits cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, giving rise to increased T cell activation and interleukin-2 release. While this activation of the immune system provides a mechanism to recognize and destroy cancer cells, it also leads to off-target immune-related adverse events. Ipilimumab is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody, which has a high incidence of cutaneous adverse events. While cutaneous adverse events for ipilimumab have been extensively studied, there is a distinct lack of cutaneous adverse event data for tremelimumab. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of our institution's electronic medical records from January 2000 to March 2018 to characterize cutaneous adverse events induced by tremelimumab. Previous descriptions of tremelimumab cutaneous adverse events are limited to rash and pruritus. RESULTS We found 17 patients treated with tremelimumab who had cutaneous adverse events including pruritus (12/17), eczematous dermatitis (8/17), morbilliform rash (5/17), vitiligo (2/17), xerosis (3/17), acneiform rash (2/17), and psoriasiform dermatitis (1/17). CONCLUSIONS This case series demonstrates that cutaneous adverse events seen in patients taking tremelimumab overlap with those of ipilimumab. While there are some differences between rash characterizations of the two drugs, such as time to onset and clearance, the sample size of this case series is too small to draw any definite conclusions. This study addresses a gap in the descriptive knowledge on tremelimumab cutaneous adverse events and highlights the need for further large cohort prospective studies. Awareness of expected cutaneous toxicities and how best to treat these can help patients continue on immunotherapy regimens without delays or interruptions and give patients the best quality of life while receiving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naveen Garg
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, FCT 11.5000, Unit 1452, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA
| | - Anisha B Patel
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, FCT 11.5000, Unit 1452, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.
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Alcantara M, Tesio M, June CH, Houot R. CAR T-cells for T-cell malignancies: challenges in distinguishing between therapeutic, normal, and neoplastic T-cells. Leukemia 2018; 32. [PMID: 30315238 PMCID: PMC7433349 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0285-8 10.1038/s41375-018-0285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting CD19 demonstrated remarkable efficacy for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The development of CAR T-cells against T-cell malignancies appears more challenging due to the similarities between the therapeutic, normal and malignant T-cells. The obstacles include CAR T-cell fratricide, T-cell aplasia, and contamination of CAR T-cell products with malignant T-cells. Here, we review these challenges and propose solutions to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Alcantara
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France,Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Melania Tesio
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, 35033 Rennes, France,INSERM, U1236, 35043 Rennes, France,INSERM 0203, Unité d’Investigation Clinique, 35033 Rennes, France
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CAR T-cells for T-cell malignancies: challenges in distinguishing between therapeutic, normal, and neoplastic T-cells. Leukemia 2018; 32:2307-2315. [PMID: 30315238 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting CD19 demonstrated remarkable efficacy for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The development of CAR T-cells against T-cell malignancies appears more challenging due to the similarities between the therapeutic, normal and malignant T-cells. The obstacles include CAR T-cell fratricide, T-cell aplasia, and contamination of CAR T-cell products with malignant T-cells. Here, we review these challenges and propose solutions to overcome these limitations.
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Synthesis and use of 6,6,6-trifluoro-L-fucose to block core-fucosylation in hybridoma cell lines. Carbohydr Res 2018; 465:4-9. [PMID: 29874559 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in cancer immunotherapy mediate tumour cell lysis by recruiting natural killer (NK) cells; a phenomenon known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Eliminating core-fucose from the N-glycans of a mAb enhances its capacity to induce ADCC. As such, inhibitors of fucosylation are highly desirable for the production of mAbs for research and therapeutic use. Herein, we describe a simple synthesis of 6,6,6-trifluoro-l-fucose (F3Fuc), a metabolic inhibitor of fucosylation, and demonstrate the utility of this molecule in the production of low-fucose mAbs from murine hybridoma cell lines.
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Assessing the Heterogeneity of the Fc-Glycan of a Therapeutic Antibody Using an engineered FcγReceptor IIIa-Immobilized Column. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3955. [PMID: 29500371 PMCID: PMC5834517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycan moiety of IgG-Fc has a significant impact on multifaceted properties of antibodies such as in their effector function, structure, and stability. Numerous studies have been devoted to understanding its biological effect since the exact composition of the Fc N-glycan modulates the magnitude of effector functions such as the antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To date, systematic analyses of the properties and influence of glycan variants have been of great interest. Understanding the principles on how N-glycosylation modulates those properties is important for the molecular design, manufacturing, process optimization, and quality control of therapeutic antibodies. In this study, we have separated a model therapeutic antibody into three fractions according to the composition of the N-glycan by using a novel FcγRIIIa chromatography column. Notably, Fc galactosylation was a major factor influencing the affinity of IgG-Fc to the FcγRIIIa immobilized on the column. Each antibody fraction was employed for structural, biological, and physicochemical analysis, illustrating the mechanism by which galactose modulates the affinity to FcγRIIIa. In addition, we discuss the benefits of the FcγRIIIa chromatography column to assess the heterogeneity of the N-glycan.
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Hermine O, Ramos JC, Tobinai K. A Review of New Findings in Adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma: A Focus on Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies. Adv Ther 2018; 35:135-152. [PMID: 29411267 PMCID: PMC5818559 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma (ATL), a rare and aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with a poor prognosis. Evidence-based standard treatment options are lacking and outcomes are generally unsatisfactory, particularly for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. Continued research is contributing to changing treatment landscape as a number of existing and investigational agents are evaluated. We describe the epidemiology of HTLV-1 and ATL, discuss the biology behind the disease, review current treatment practices and guidelines, and provide an overview of emerging therapies in ATL, with a focus on those for relapsed or refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hermine
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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The state-of-play and future of antibody therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:2-19. [PMID: 27916504 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been over four decades since the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using a hybridoma cell line was first reported. Since then more than thirty therapeutic antibodies have been marketed, mostly as oncology, autoimmune and inflammatory therapeutics. While antibodies are very efficient, their cost-effectiveness has always been discussed owing to their high costs, accumulating to more than one billion dollars from preclinical development through to market approval. Because of this, therapeutic antibodies are inaccessible to some patients in both developed and developing countries. The growing interest in biosimilar antibodies as affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies may provide alternative treatment options as well potentially decreasing costs. As certain markets begin to capitalize on this opportunity, regulatory authorities continue to refine the requirements for demonstrating quality, efficacy and safety of biosimilar compared to originator products. In addition to biosimilars, innovations in antibody engineering are providing the opportunity to design biobetter antibodies with improved properties to maximize efficacy. Enhancing effector function, antibody drug conjugates (ADC) or targeting multiple disease pathways via multi-specific antibodies are being explored. The manufacturing process of antibodies is also moving forward with advancements relating to host cell production and purification processes. Studies into the physical and chemical degradation pathways of antibodies are contributing to the design of more stable proteins guided by computational tools. Moreover, the delivery and pharmacokinetics of antibody-based therapeutics are improving as optimized formulations are pursued through the implementation of recent innovations in the field.
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Perera LP, Zhang M, Nakagawa M, Petrus MN, Maeda M, Kadin ME, Waldmann TA, Perera PY. Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells that target chemokine receptor CCR4 as a therapeutic modality for T-cell malignancies. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:892-901. [PMID: 28543380 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the emerging success of treating CD19 expressing B cell malignancies with ex vivo modified, autologous T cells that express CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), there is intense interest in expanding this evolving technology to develop effective modalities to treat other malignancies including solid tumors. Exploiting this approach to develop a therapeutic modality for T cell malignancies for which the available regimens are neither curative, nor confer long term survival we generated a lentivirus-based CAR gene transfer system to target the chemokine receptor CCR4 that is over-expressed in a spectrum of T cell malignancies as well as in CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells that accumulate in the tumor microenvironment constituting a barrier against anti-tumor immunity. Ex vivo modified, donor-derived T cells that expressed CCR4 directed CAR displayed antigen-dependent potent cytotoxicity against patient-derived cell lines representing ATL, CTCL, ALCL and a subset of HDL. Furthermore, these CAR T cells also eradicated leukemia in a mouse xenograft model of ATL illustrating the potential utility of this modality in the treatment of a wide spectrum of T cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyanage P. Perera
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland 20892-1374 USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland 20892-1374 USA
| | - Masao Nakagawa
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland 20892-1374 USA
| | - Michael N. Petrus
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland 20892-1374 USA
| | - Michiyuki Maeda
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Marshall E. Kadin
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Skin Surgery; Roger Williams Medical Center; Providence Rhode 02908
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland 20892-1374 USA
| | - Pin-Yu Perera
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Washington D.C. 20422 USA
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Winsett FT, Lewis DJ, Duvic M. Mogamulizumab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:757-760. [PMID: 28756726 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1361819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma of CD4+ T-malignant cells caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type-1. Despite aggressive treatment with multidrug combination chemotherapies, ATL confers a poor prognosis and commonly develops resistance to conventional treatments. Areas covered: Mogamulizumab is a humanized, defucosylated monoclonal antibody that acts by targeting the CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) on malignant cells of ATL. In phase I and II clinical trials, it has achieved overall response rates of 31-50% in CCR4+ malignancies. The most commonly observed hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events included lymphocytopenia, neutropenia, leukocytopenia, infusion reaction, rash, and pyrexia. Expert commentary: Mogamulizumab has shown significant efficacy in treating ATL with moderately high response rates and has been approved in Japan for use in ATL. It may serve as a bridge therapy to achieve disease control prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It also offers potential for use in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Determining the optimal combination of mogamulizumab with conventional and novel therapies remains an important strategy to improve the prognosis of patients with ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Winsett
- a University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Daniel J Lewis
- b School of Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- c Department of Dermatology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Miah AH, Champigny AC, Graves RH, Hodgson ST, Percy JM, Procopiou PA. Identification of pyrazolopyrimidine arylsulfonamides as CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5327-5340. [PMID: 28801066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel 4-aminoindazole sulfonamide hit (13) was identified as a human CCR4 antagonists from testing a focussed library of compounds in the primary GTPγS assay. Replacing the indazole core with a pyrazolopyrimidine, and introduction of a methoxy group adjacent to the sulfonamide substituent, resulted in the identification of pyrazolopyrimidine 37a, which exhibited good binding affinity in the GTPγS assay (pIC50=7.2), low lipophilicity (clogP=2.2, chromlogD7.4=2.4), high LE (0.41), high solubility (CLND solubility ≥581µM), and an excellent PK profile in both the rat (F=62%) and the dog (F=100%). Further SAR investigation of the pyrazolopyrimidine suggested that substitution at N1 is tolerated, providing a suitable vector to modulate the properties, and increase the potency in a lead optimisation campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afjal H Miah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Aurelie C Champigny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca H Graves
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Hodgson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiotis A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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Tada M, Ishii-Watabe A. Characterization of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies by Using FcγR-expressing Reporter Cell Lines. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:837-843. [PMID: 28674297 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), which bind to the Fc regions of antibodies, play an important role in antibody effector functions. In humans, there are four types of activating FcγRs: FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb. These are expressed on various effector cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils and macrophages. FcγRIIIa expressed on NK cells is known to play a pivotal role in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To assess the ADCC activity of mAbs, the killing of target cells is often measured using human peripheral mononuclear blood cells (hPBMCs) or isolated primary NK cells as effector cells. These assays can directly assess the cytotoxicity induced by mAbs, but require fresh blood from donors, and are insufficiently reproducible due to differences in effector cell activity among donors. We developed a cell-based assay using reporter cell lines expressing human FcγR and a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-driven luciferase reporter gene (Jurkat/FcγR/NFAT-Luc), which can estimate the activation of various FcγRs by antigen-bound mAbs in vitro, with high reproducibility. The usefulness of this assay was confirmed by comparing mAbs activity with different abilities to activate FcγRs, including Fc-engineered anti-CD20 mAbs and anti-EGFR mAbs with different IgG subclasses. We also confirmed the application of this assay for the characterization of mAbs product-related substances. Our FcγR reporter assay is a promising new tool for the characterization of therapeutic mAbs in various stages of mAbs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
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David KS, Oliveira ERA, Horta BAC, Valente AP, de Paula VS. Insights into CC Chemokine Ligand 2/Chemokine Receptor 2 Molecular Recognition: A Step Forward toward Antichemotactic Agents. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3197-3210. [PMID: 28570817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), is a chemokine that recruits immune cells to inflammatory sites by interacting with G protein-coupled receptor CCR2. The CCL2/CCR2 axis is also involved in pathological processes such as tumor growth and metastasis and hence is currently considered as an important drug target. CCL2 exists in a dynamic monomer-dimer equilibrium that is modulated by CCR2 binding. We used solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to study the interactions between CCL2 and a sulfopeptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of CCR2 (CCR218-31). Peptide binding induced the dissociation of CCL2 into monomers, forming stable CCL2/CCR218-31 complexes. NMR relaxation measurements indicated that residues around the CCR218-31 binding site, which are located at the dimer interface, undergo a complex regime of motions. NMR data were used to construct a three-dimensional structural model of the CCL2/CCR218-31 complex, revealing that CCR218-31 occupies a binding site juxtaposed to the dimer interface, partially replacing monomer-monomer contacts, explaining why CCR218-31 binding weakens the dimer interface and induces dissociation. We found that the main interactions governing receptor binding are highly stable salt bridges with conserved chemokine residues as well as hydrophobic interactions. These data provide new insights into the structure-function relationship of the CCL2-CCR2 interaction and may be helpful for the design of novel antichemotactic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn S David
- Campus Xerém, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 25245-390, Brazil
| | - Edson R A Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Bruno A C Horta
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ana P Valente
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-920, Brazil.,Centro de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem , Rio de Janeiro 21941-920, Brazil
| | - Viviane S de Paula
- Campus Xerém, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 25245-390, Brazil.,Centro de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem , Rio de Janeiro 21941-920, Brazil
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Natural killer cell immunotherapies against cancer: checkpoint inhibitors and more. Semin Immunol 2017; 31:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lappano R, Maggiolini M. Pharmacotherapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Oncology: Examples of Approved Therapies and Emerging Concepts. Drugs 2017; 77:951-965. [PMID: 28401445 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in numerous physio-pathological processes, including the stimulation of cancer progression. In this regard, it should be mentioned that although GPCRs may represent major pharmaceutical targets, only a few drugs acting as GPCR inhibitors are currently used in anti-tumor therapies. For instance, certain pro-malignancy effects mediated by GPCRs are actually counteracted by the use of small molecules and peptides that function as receptor antagonists or inverse agonists. Recently, humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting GPCRs have also been developed. Here, we review the current GPCR-targeted therapies for cancer treatment, summarizing the clinical studies that led to their official approval. We provide a broad overview of the mechanisms of action of the available anti-cancer drugs targeting gonadotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, chemokine, and Smoothened receptors. In addition, we discuss the anti-tumor potential of novel non-approved molecules and antibodies able to target some of the aforementioned GPCRs in different experimental models and clinical trials. Likewise, we focus on the repurposing in cancer patients of non-oncological GPCR-based drugs, elucidating the rationale behind this approach and providing clinical evidence on their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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Ayoub MA, Crépieux P, Koglin M, Parmentier M, Pin JP, Poupon A, Reiter E, Smit M, Steyaert J, Watier H, Wilkinson T. Antibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and therapeutic challenges. MAbs 2017; 9:735-741. [PMID: 28475474 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1325052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Le STUDIUM conference was held November 24-25, 2016 in Tours, France as a satellite workshop of the 5th meeting of the French GDR 3545 on "G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) -From Physiology to Drugs," which was held in Tours during November 22-24, 2016. The conference gathered speakers from academia and industry considered to be world leaders in the molecular pharmacology and signaling of GPCRs, with a particular interest in the development of therapeutic GPCR antibodies (Abs). The main topics were new advances and challenges in the development of antibodies targeting GPCRs and their potential applications to the study of the structure and function of GPCRs, as well as their implication in physiology and pathophysiology. The conference included 2 sessions, with the first dedicated to the recent advances in methodological strategies used for GPCR immunization using thermo-stabilized and purified GPCRs, and the development of various formats of Abs such as monoclonal IgG, single-chain variable fragments and nanobodies (Nbs) by in vitro and in silico approaches. The second session focused on GPCR Nbs as a "hot" field of research on GPCRs. This session started with discussion of the pioneering Nbs developed against GPCRs and their application to structural studies, then transitioned to talks on original ex vivo and in vivo studies on GPCR-selective Nbs showing promising therapeutic applications of Nbs in important physiologic systems, such as the central nervous and the immune systems, as well as in cancer. The conference ended with the consensus that Abs and especially Nbs are opening a new era of research on GPCR structure, pharmacology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- a PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Nouzilly , France.,b LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies , Orléans , France.,c Biology Department , College of Science, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- a PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Nouzilly , France
| | - Markus Koglin
- d Heptares Therapeutics Ltd , BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire , UK
| | - Marc Parmentier
- e Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium.,f Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- g Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5203 , Montpellier , France.,h INSERM U1091 , Montpellier , France
| | - Anne Poupon
- a PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Nouzilly , France
| | - Eric Reiter
- a PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Nouzilly , France
| | - Martine Smit
- i Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan Steyaert
- j Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels , Brussels , Belgium.,k Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Hervé Watier
- l Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, UMR 7292 , Tours , France.,m Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Trevor Wilkinson
- n Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
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50
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Yu X, Marshall MJE, Cragg MS, Crispin M. Improving Antibody-Based Cancer Therapeutics Through Glycan Engineering. BioDrugs 2017; 31:151-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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