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Nor NAM, Tanaka F, Yoshida N, Jaafar J, Zailani MZ, Ahmad SNA. Preliminary evaluation of electricity recovery from palm oil mill effluent by anion exchange microbial fuel cell. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108770. [PMID: 38943780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the viability of an anion-exchange microbial fuel cell (MFC) for extracting electricity from palm oil mill effluent (POME), a major pollutant in palm-oil producing regions due to increasing demand. The MFC incorporated a tubular membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with an air core, featuring a carbon-painted carbon-cloth cathode, an anion exchange membrane (AEM), and a nonwoven graphite fabric (NWGF) anode. An additional carbon brush (CB) anode was placed adjacent to the tubular MEA. The MFC operated under semi-batch conditions with POME replacement every 7 days. Results showed superior performance of the AEM, with the highest power density (Pmax) observed in POME-treated MFCs. Current and power density increased with CB addition; the best chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 73 %, decreasing from 1249 to 332 mg/L with three CBs. The Pmax was 0.18 W/m-2(-|-) with 1000 mg/L COD and three CBs, dropping to 0.0031 W/m-2(-|-) without CB and at 410 mg/L COD. Anode resistance, calculated using organic matter supplementation, COD, and anode surface area, decreased with increased COD or surface area, improving electricity production. AEM and CB compatibility synergistically enhanced MFC performance, offering potential for POME wastewater treatment and energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azureen Mohamad Nor
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Oil and Gas Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fumichika Tanaka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Gokiso-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Gokiso-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Zulhilmi Zailani
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Afifi Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Syutsubo K, Miyaoka Y, Danshita T, Takemura Y, Aoki M, Tomioka N, Sumino H, Watari T, Yamaguchi T. Effect of formic acid inflow on microbial properties of the anaerobic granular sludge in a UASB reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:413-419. [PMID: 35535707 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2073764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the production of natural rubber, formate or acetate is added to the latex solution to coagulate the rubber; therefore, the wastewater contains high concentrations of organic acids, requiring the application of anaerobic treatment technology. In this study, a two-phase continuous flow experiment using a laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was conducted to investigate the influence of formate inflow on the microbial and physical characteristics of the retained granular sludge. In phase 1, acetate-based wastewater was used as feed, while in phase 2, formate-based wastewater was used as feed. In phase 1, the UASB exhibited high COD removal efficiency (97.2%); in addition, the retained sludge showed increased methane production from acetate and proliferation of acetate-utilizing Methanosaeta species. In phase 2, the UASB performed as well as phase 1, with 98.2% COD removal efficiency. Microbial community structure analysis confirmed that relatives of Methanobacterium formicicum present in the retained sludge were responsible for the degradation of formate in phase 2. However, decreased diameter and slight deterioration of granular sludge settleability were observed. In conclusion, formate inflow has low risk of interference with the process performance of the UASB, but it has negative effects on the physical properties of the granular sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Syutsubo
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuma Miyaoka
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Danshita
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Tokuyama College, Gakuendai, Shuunan, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takemura
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Aoki
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomioka
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sumino
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Gifu College, Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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Singh S, Rinta-Kanto JM, Lens PNL, Kokko M, Rintala J, O'Flaherty V, Ijaz UZ, Collins G. Microbial community assembly and dynamics in Granular, Fixed-Biofilm and planktonic microbiomes valorizing Long-Chain fatty acids at 20 °C. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126098. [PMID: 34626764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Distinct microbial assemblages evolve in anaerobic digestion (AD) reactors to drive sequential conversions of organics to methane. The spatio-temporal development of three such assemblages (granules, biofilms, planktonic) derived from the same inoculum was studied in replicated bioreactors treating long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)-rich wastewater at 20 °C at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 12-72 h. We found granular, biofilm and planktonic assemblages differentiated by diversity, structure, and assembly mechanisms; demonstrating a spatial compartmentalisation of the microbiomes from the initial community reservoir. Our analysis linked abundant Methanosaeta and Syntrophaceae-affiliated taxa (Syntrophus and uncultured) to their putative, active roles in syntrophic LCFA bioconversion. LCFA loading rates (stearate, palmitate), and HRT, were significant drivers shaping microbial community dynamics and assembly. This study of the archaea and syntrophic bacteria actively valorising LCFAs at short HRTs and 20 °C will help uncover the microbiology underpinning anaerobic bioconversions of fats, oil and grease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Singh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland; UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands; School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Johanna M Rinta-Kanto
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland; UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Marika Kokko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jukka Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water and Environment Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom.
| | - Gavin Collins
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland; Water and Environment Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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Abdul Wahid R, Ang WL, Mohammad AW, Johnson DJ, Hilal N. Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080566. [PMID: 34436329 PMCID: PMC8401652 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a potential alternative to recover and reuse water and nutrients from agricultural wastewater, such as palm oil mill effluent that consists of 95% water and is rich in nutrients. This study investigated the potential of commercial fertilizers as draw solution (DS) in FDFO to treat anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (An-POME). The process parameters affecting FO were studied and optimized, which were then applied to fertilizer selection based on FO performance and fouling propensity. Six commonly used fertilizers were screened and assessed in terms of pure water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (JS). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and potassium chloride (KCl) were further evaluated with An-POME. MAP showed the best performance against An-POME, with a high average water flux, low flux decline, the highest performance ratio (PR), and highest water recovery of 5.9% for a 4-h operation. In a 24-h fouling run, the average flux decline and water recovered were 84% and 15%, respectively. Both hydraulic flushing and osmotic backwashing cleaning were able to effectively restore the water flux. The results demonstrated that FDFO using commercial fertilizers has the potential for the treatment of An-POME for water recovery. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to address challenges such as JS and the dilution factor of DS for direct use of fertigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Abdul Wahid
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia; (R.A.W.); (A.W.M.)
| | - Wei Lun Ang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia; (R.A.W.); (A.W.M.)
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia; (R.A.W.); (A.W.M.)
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia
| | - Daniel James Johnson
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (D.J.J.); (N.H.)
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (D.J.J.); (N.H.)
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Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal.
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