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Binnemans K, Jones PT. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in clean processes and applications: a tutorial review. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:8583-8614. [PMID: 39081497 PMCID: PMC11284624 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc02031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
This Tutorial Review acquaints chemists and metallurgists with the properties and industrial applications of methanesulfonic acid (MSA, CH3SO3H). Over the past quarter-century, MSA has garnered increasing interest as a reagent for green chemistry due to its strong acidity, while circumventing many of the challenges associated with handling concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. Concentrated MSA is a non-oxidizing reagent, exhibiting high chemical stability against redox reactions and hydrolysis, as well as high thermal stability and limited corrosivity towards construction materials. It is colorless, odorless, and possesses a very low vapor pressure. MSA combines commendable biodegradability with low toxicity. It is extensively utilized as a Brønsted acid catalyst for esterification or alkylation reactions, and is employed in biodiesel production. The high solubility of its metal salts, the high electrical conductivity of its concentrated solutions, coupled with the high electrochemical stability of MSA and its anion, make MSA-based electrolytes beneficial in electrochemical applications. Examples include the electrodeposition of tin-lead solder for electronic applications and the high-speed plating of tin on steel plate for food cans. MSA-based electrolytes are used in redox flow batteries (RFBs). MSA offers a much safer and environmentally friendlier alternative to electrolytes based on fluoroboric or fluorosilicic acid. A novel application area is as a strong acid in extractive metallurgy, where it may contribute to the development of circular hydrometallurgy. MSA is being explored in lithium-ion battery recycling flowsheets, as well as in other applications in the field of metal recovery and refining. However, this review is not solely about the advantages of MSA for green chemistry or clean technologies, as there are also some potential drawbacks. Apart from its higher price compared to regular strong acids, MSA has only minor advantages for applications where sulfuric acid performs well. Since methanesulfonate biodegrades into sulfate, the same emission restrictions as for sulfate should be considered. In conclusion, MSA is the acid of choice for applications where metal sulfates cannot be used due to poor solubility or where concentrated sulfuric acid is too reactive towards organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Binnemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F P.O. box 2404 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Peter Tom Jones
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
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Gurmassa BK, Gari SR, Solomon ET, Goodson ML, Walsh CL, Dessie BK, Alemu BM. Contribution of wastewater irrigated vegetables to the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection among female farmers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:41. [PMID: 38845065 PMCID: PMC11155033 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated or inadequately treated wastewater carrying human feces can host helminth eggs and larvae, contaminating the soil and plants that are irrigated with it. In Addis Ababa, farmers use untreated wastewater to grow vegetables; however, there are little data currently available published on vegetables' contribution to the prevalence of helminth among female farmers along the Akaki River, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa City in February 2022. A stratified random sampling method was used to sample farming households. The sample size for each district was determined by a proportional allocation to the total number of households in the area. Two hundred and fifty-two composite vegetable samples and 101 farmers' stool samples were collected and analyzed for helminth prevalence. Data on socio-demographics were collected by trained data collators using a structured questionnaire. Kato-Katz concentration was used to detect STH from a stool sample. Stata version 14.0 was used to process the data. Poisson regression was used to identify the association between STH prevalence in the vegetable and the farm's stool. RESULTS Helminths were found in 67.5% of vegetables sampled and 20.8% of female farmers' stools. Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (vegetable 48.4% and stool 9.9%) were identified in all analyzed samples. Hookworm eggs (vegetable 13.1% and stool 8.9%) and Trichuris trichiura eggs (vegetable 5.9% and stool 2%) were also isolated. The total number of helminth eggs present in wastewater-irrigated vegetables and female farmers' stool had a positive association (p < 0.05) with a regression coefficient of 1.92 (95% CI = 1.56-2.28). CONCLUSIONS The study found a significant prevalence of helminth infections, particularly Ascaris lumbricoides, in stool and vegetable samples irrigated with wastewater. A clear association was found between vegetable production and a higher prevalence of helminth infections among female farmers. Therefore, it is important to ensure that farmers are educated in the importance of food washing and sanitation/hygiene practices when using wastewater irrigation for vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethlhem Kinfu Gurmassa
- Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
| | - Sirak Robele Gari
- Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tefera Solomon
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Michaela L Goodson
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Claire L Walsh
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Bitew K Dessie
- Water and Land Resource Center, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
- Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gurmassa BK, Gari SR, Solomon ET, Goodson ML, Walsh CL, Dessie BK, Alemu BM. Distribution of helminth eggs in environmental and stool samples of farming households along Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:67. [PMID: 37996901 PMCID: PMC10668356 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth infections are a public health issue in countries with poor sanitation facilities. However, there little information on the epidemiological association between helminths in wastewater and soil samples and rates of helminth infection among farming households along the Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select farming households. The sample size for each district was determined by a proportionate allocation to the number of households. From wastewater-irrigated farms, 70 wastewater samples, 28 soil samples, and 86 farmers' stool samples were collected and analyzed for helminths. A questionnaire was used to gather ethnographic data, about farming households, whereas wastewater and soil sample analysis was used to generate quantitative data on helminth loads. The data were systematically analysed by developing themes, and bias evaluated using triangulation validation methodologies. Potential pathways to helminth infection were evaluated by measuring. Total number of helminth eggs in wastewater, soil samples and farmer's stools was investigated using Poisson regression. RESULTS In this study, 82.9% of wastewater samples, 57.1% of soil samples, and 18.6% of farmers' stool samples contained helminth eggs. The most prevalent helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides in all samples (wastewater 67%, soil 25%, and stool 10.5%), followed by hookworm (wastewater 10%, soil 21.4%, and stool 6.9%) and Trichuris trichiura eggs (wastewater 5.7%, soil 10.7%, and stool 1.2%). There was a positive association between the total number of helminth eggs in wastewater and soil samples with counts in farmers' stool. The Poisson regression coefficients for wastewater and soil were, 1.63 (95% CI = 1.34-1.92) and 1.70 (95% CI = 1.39-2.01), (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This research has shown a clear association between the total helminth eggs in wastewater and soil samples and farmer stools along the Akaki River. Therefore, an integrated approach is essential to address the issue in this area and prevent the spread of further helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethlhem Kinfu Gurmassa
- Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Sirak Robele Gari
- Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tefera Solomon
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Michaela L Goodson
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Claire L Walsh
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Bitew K Dessie
- Water and Land Resource Center, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
- Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Dai S, Harnisch F, Bin-Hudari MS, Keller NS, Vogt C, Korth B. Improving the performance of bioelectrochemical sulfate removal by applying flow mode. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:595-604. [PMID: 36259447 PMCID: PMC9948226 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of wastewater contaminated with high sulfate concentrations is an environmental imperative lacking a sustainable and environmental friendly technological solution. Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) represents a promising approach for sulfate reduction. In MET, a cathode is introduced as inexhaustible electron source for promoting sulfate reduction via direct or mediated electron transfer. So far, this is mainly studied in batch mode representing straightforward and easy-to-use systems, but their practical implementation seems unlikely, as treatment capacities are limited. Here, we investigated bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction in flow mode and achieved removal efficiencies (Esulfate , 89.2 ± 0.4%) being comparable to batch experiments, while sulfate removal rates (Rsulfate , 3.1 ± 0.2 mmol L-1 ) and Coulombic efficiencies (CE, 85.2 ± 17.7%) were significantly increased. Different temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRT) were applied and the best performance was achieved at HRT 3.5 days and 30°C. Microbial community analysis based on amplicon sequencing demonstrated that sulfate reduction was mainly performed by prokaryotes belonging to the genera Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, and Desulfococcus, indicating that hydrogenotrophic and heterotrophic sulfate reduction occurred by utilizing cathodically produced H2 or acetate produced by homoacetogens (Acetobacterium). The advantage of flow operation for bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction is likely based on higher absolute biomass, stable pH, and selection of sulfate reducers with a higher sulfide tolerance, and improved ratio between sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and homoacetogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Dai
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sufian Bin-Hudari
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Sophie Keller
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Korth
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Kyllönen H, Heikkinen J, Järvelä E, Grönroos A. Scalant Removal at Acidic pH for Maximum Ammonium Recovery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1233. [PMID: 36557139 PMCID: PMC9782814 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One option for new nitrogen sources is industrial liquid side streams containing ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N). Unfortunately, NH4-N often exists in low concentrations in large water volumes. In order to achieve a highly concentrated NH4-Nsolution, scalant removal is needed. In this study, scalant removal by precipitation was investigated. At alkali pH, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was used as a precipitation chemical while at acidic pH, the chemical used was oxalic acid (C2H2O4). At alkali pH, high Na2CO3 dose was needed to achieve low content of calcium, which, with sulphate, formed the main scalant in the studied mine water. NH4-N at alkali pH was in the form of gaseous ammonia but it stayed well in the solution during pre-treatment for nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). However, it was not rejected sufficiently, even via LG SW seawater RO membrane. At acidic pH with CaC2O4 precipitation, NF90 was able to be used for NH4-N concentration up to the volume reduction factor of 25. Then, NH4-N concentration increased from 0.17 g/L to 3 g/L. NF270 produced the best fluxes for acid pre-treated mine water, but NH4-N rejection was not adequate. NF90 membrane with mine water pre-treated using acid was successfully verified on a larger scale using the NF90-2540 spiral wound element.
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Geochemical Assessment of Gypsum Scale Formation in the Hydrated Lime Neutralization Facility of the Daedeok Mine, South Korea. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Scale is widely observed in the hydrated lime mine drainage treatment plant of the Daedeok mine in South Korea. In order to understand the environment in terms of the formation of scale minerals, scale and water were collected from the AMD treatment facility and analyzed. In addition, the saturation index was calculated based on geochemical modeling to predict the minerals that could be produced in the AMD treatment facility, and the results were then compared with an analysis of onsite scale minerals. Furthermore, the onsite mine drainage was neutralized from pH 3 to pH 9 in the laboratory, and the precipitates produced were identified. The changes in the Ca2+ and SO42− concentrations were also identified over time for each pH. The results of geochemical modeling predicted the possible precipitation of gypsum, anhydrite, and bassanite after AMD neutralization. Scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis results showed that the main mineral in scale formed at the AMD treatment facility was gypsum, produced by the reaction of SO42− and Ca2+ from lime during AMD. The laboratory neutralization experiment showed that gypsum was produced in all neutralization ranges from pH 3 to pH 9, and the higher the neutralization pH, the greater the amount of gypsum produced. It was demonstrated that simulated amounts of 2 g/L and 7 g/L gypsum at pH 5 and 9 were well matched with the experimental results. Iron (Fe), a major pollutant in the mine drainage system, was rapidly precipitated in the form of iron hydroxides after neutralization. As gypsum is produced slowly and continuously for a long period of time, it results in the growth of scale throughout the flow path. As a method of minimizing gypsum production in the AMD treatment facility using hydrated lime, it is recommended that the facility should be operated at the lowest pH possible, which will also enable the removal of major pollutants, such as iron and aluminum.
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Chen SQ, Zhao W, Wu B. Separation of Sulfate Anion From Aqueous Solution Governed by Recognition Chemistry: A Minireview. Front Chem 2022; 10:905563. [PMID: 35572111 PMCID: PMC9099046 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.905563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfate anion (SO42–) is known as an end metabolite of cysteine and methionine, and its proper concentration is associated with the expression of key functions in the physiological system. Thus, maintaining sulfate concentration at a precise level is of great significance for biology, environments, and industrial productions. Fundamental research for sulfate anion chemistry can help understand sulfate-associated physiological processes and related applications, for example, remediation. In this minireview, we summarized recent research progresses in sulfate recognition and separation using crystallization and liquid–liquid extraction. We focused on the studies wherein molecular recognition is the key element and is considered the driving force for selective sulfate separations from aqueous solution.
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Shahzadi T, Anwaar A, Riaz T, Zaib M. Sulfate and phosphate ions removal using novel nano-adsorbents: modeling and optimization, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1518-1532. [PMID: 35188838 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many compounds containing sulfur and phosphorous are present in wastewater of various industries like food processing, paper making, etc. The higher level of phosphate and sulfate ions causes many problems in everyday life. Based on this, nickel monometallic and nickel-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using leaves extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. and applied for sulfate and phosphate ions removal. UV-Vis. spectroscopy, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used as characterizing techniques for synthesized nanoparticles. UV spectra for Ni nanoparticles showed the absorption band in the 380-400 nm range, while for Ni-Co bimetallic nanoparticles was noticed at 396 nm and 513 nm. Different functional groups were observed in FTIR spectra of leaves extract which acted as reducing and capping agents to form stable NPs. Different factors like adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, adsorbate concentration, and time were optimized for maximum removal of sulfate and phosphate anions. The antioxidant potential of prepared nanoparticles was assessed by three different methods. The kinetics, thermodynamics, and adsorption isotherms were also studied for these ions removal. In the current study, the green approach was easy, time-saving and proved to be beneficial to remove sulfate and phosphate anions from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Asma Anwaar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Tauheeda Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Maria Zaib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
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Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater by Chemical Precipitation: Mechanisms and Sludge Characterization. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Gogoi H, Leiviskä T, Rämö J, Tanskanen J. Acid mine drainage treatment with novel high-capacity bio-based anion exchanger. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128443. [PMID: 33022503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aminated peat (termed PG-Peat) produced using polyethylenimine and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride was used for the removal of sulphate from real acid mine drainage (AMD) in batch and column mode sorption studies. In the batch tests, the highest sulphate removal capacity achieved was 125.7 mg/g. PG-Peat was efficient and rapid in sulphate removal from AMD even at low temperatures (2-5 °C), achieving equilibrium within a contact time of 30 min. The PG-Peat column treating real AMD showed even higher sulphate uptake capacity (154.2 mg SO42-/g) than the batch sorption studies. The regenerative and practical applicability of PG-Peat was also tested in column set-ups using synthetic sulphate solutions (at pH 5.8 and pH 2.0). The sulphate uptake capacity obtained was higher in column mode when the solutions were treated at acidic pH (2.0) compared to pH 5.8. This could be attributed to the presence of cationized amine groups on PG-Peat under acidic pH conditions. Almost complete sulphate desorption was achieved with NaCl in the column that treated synthetic sulphate solution at pH 5.8, while the lowest desorption rates were observed in the column that treated acidic synthetic sulphate solution (pH 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Gogoi
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Rämö
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tanskanen
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Torres-Martínez JA, Mora A, Knappett PSK, Ornelas-Soto N, Mahlknecht J. Tracking nitrate and sulfate sources in groundwater of an urbanized valley using a multi-tracer approach combined with a Bayesian isotope mixing model. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115962. [PMID: 32629319 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, groundwater quality has deteriorated worldwide by nitrate pollution due to the intensive use of fertilizers in agriculture, release of untreated urban sewage and industrial wastewater, and atmospheric deposition. Likewise, groundwater is increasingly polluted by sulfate due to the release of domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters, as well as through geothermal processes, seawater intrusion, atmospheric deposition, mineral dissolution, and acid rain. The urbanized and industrialized Monterrey valley has a long record of elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations in groundwater with multiple potential pollution sources. This study aimed to track different sources and transformation processes of nitrate and sulfate pollution in Monterrey using a suite of chemical and isotopic tracers (δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3 δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4) combined with a probability isotope mixing model. Soil nitrogen and sewage were found to be the most important nitrate sources, while atmospheric deposition, marine evaporites and sewage were the most prominent sulfate sources. However, the concentrations of nitrate and sulfate were controlled by denitrification and sulfate reduction processes in the transition and discharge zones. The approach followed in this study is useful for establishing effective pollution management strategies in contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Peter S K Knappett
- Dept. Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Rambabu K, Banat F, Pham QM, Ho SH, Ren NQ, Show PL. Biological remediation of acid mine drainage: Review of past trends and current outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:100024. [PMID: 36160925 PMCID: PMC9488087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) is a widespread environmental issue that has not subsided throughout decades of continuing research. Highly acidic and highly concentrated metallic streams are characteristics of such streams. Humans, plants and surrounding ecosystems that are in proximity to AMD producing sites face immediate threats. Remediation options include active and passive biological treatments which are markedly different in many aspects. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) remove sulfate and heavy metals to generate non-toxic streams. Passive systems are inexpensive to operate but entail fundamental drawbacks such as large land requirements and prolonged treatment period. Active bioreactors offer greater operational predictability and quicker treatment time but require higher investment costs and wide scale usage is limited by lack of expertise. Recent advancements include the use of renewable raw materials for AMD clean up purposes, which will likely achieve much greener mitigation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Quan Minh Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 11307, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 11307, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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Modeling the performance of HPA membrane for sulfate ion removal from Ternary ion system. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Laboratory Scale Investigations on Heap (Bio)leaching of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) is the main output of the municipal solid waste incineration process, both in mass and volume. It contains some heavy metals that possess market value, but may also limit the utilization of the material. This study illustrates a robust and simple heap leaching method for recovering zinc and copper from MSWI BA. Moreover, the effect of autotrophic and acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms in the system was studied. Leaching yields for zinc and copper varied between 18–53% and 6–44%, respectively. For intensified copper dissolution, aeration and possibly iron oxidizing bacteria caused clear benefits. The MSWI BA was challenging to treat. The main components, iron and aluminum, dissolved easily and unwantedly, decreasing the quality of pregnant leach solution. Moreover, the physical nature and the extreme heterogeneity of the material caused operative requirements for the heap leaching. Nevertheless, with optimized parameters, heap leaching may offer a proper solution for MSWI BA treatment.
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Tian X, Zhou Z, Xin Y, Jiang LM, Zhao X, An Y. A novel sulfate removal process by ettringite precipitation with aluminum recovery: Kinetics and a pilot-scale study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:572-580. [PMID: 30469037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel sulfate removal process via ettringite precipitation was developed by dissolving ettringite and recycling Al3+ under low pH condition. Effects of solid to liquid ratios, pH and temperature on ettringite dissolution, Al recovery and transformation of precipitates were investigated by batch experiments. The optimum condition for Al recovery is pH =3.0, suspended solid of 9.8 g/L and temperature below 303 K. Ettringite dissolution consists of two stages, (i) rapid but inconsistent dissolution with the fastest release of sulfate, followed by calcium, and then Al(OH)63-; (ii) slow dissolution of Al(OH)63- core and gypsum precipitation. Dissolution of Al(OH)63- core follows the first-order kinetics with activation energy of 41.18 kJ/mol, while gypsum re-precipitation follows the second-order kinetics with activation energy of 26.36 kJ/mol. Long-term results of pilot-scale systems for treatment of real flue gas desulfurization wastewater showed that the process achieved sulfate removal of 98.3%-99.5% and Al recovery above 98.4%, and converted 98.8% sulfate in ettringite to CaSO4, which resulted in 66.0% of sludge reduction and improved sludge dewaterability. Economic evaluation shows that the process with Al recovery reduces cost of ettringite precipitation by 35.1%, and is highly feasible and cost-effective for industrial application of high-sulfate content wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoce Tian
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yi Xin
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lu-Man Jiang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ying An
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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