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Cheng K, Zhao K, Zhang R, Guo J. Progress on control of harmful algae by sustained-release technology of allelochemical: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170364. [PMID: 38307275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of harmful algae blooms caused by water eutrophication seriously jeopardizes the aquatic ecological environment and human health. Therefore, algae control technology has attracted widespread attention between environmental scholars. Allelochemical sustained-release technology which releases the active ingredient to the target medium at a certain rate within the effective time, so that the system maintains a certain concentration, thus prolonging its influence on the target organism. Allelochemical sustained-release technology has become the focus of research due to the characteristics of high efficiency, safety, low-cost, environment friendly and no secondary pollution. This paper reviews the characteristics of allelochemical substances and the status quo of plant extraction, explains the detailed classification of allelochemical sustained-release microspheres (ASRMs) and the application of algae inhibition, summarizes the preparation method of ASRMs, elaborates on the mechanism of algae inhibition of sustained-release technology from the perspective of photosynthesis, cellular enzyme activity, algae cell structure, gene expression, and target site action. Focuses on the summary of the factors influencing the effect of algae inhibition of ASRMs, including particle size of sustained-release microspheres, selection of carrier materials, and the growth stage of algae. The future direction and prospect of algae inhibition by allelochemical sustained-release technology were prospected to provide the scientific basis for water ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
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Huang T, Lai M, Lin Z, Luo R, Xiang X, Xu H, Pan N, Zuo Z. Identification of algicidal monoterpenoids from four chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora and their algicidal mechanisms on Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117714. [PMID: 37989462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms cause serious environmental issues, and plant secondary metabolites are considered as new algaecide for controlling them. Cinnamomum camphora produces a wide spectrum of terpenoids and has 4 main chemotypes, including linalool, camphor, eucalyptol and borneol chemotype. To develop the new cyanobacterial algaecide by using suitable chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora and the main terpenoids, we analyzed the terpenoid composition in the 4 chemotype extracts, evaluated the algicidal effects of the extracts and their typical monoterpenoids on Microcystis aeruginosa, and investigated the algicidal mechanism of the stronger algicidal agents. Among the 4 chemotypes, eucalyptol and borneol chemotype extracts exhibited stronger algicidal effects. In the 4 chemotype extracts, monoterpenoids were the main compounds, of which linalool, camphor, eucalyptol and borneol were the typical components. Among the 4 typical monoterpenoids, eucalyptol and borneol showed stronger algicidal effects, which killed 78.8% and 100% M. aeruginosa cells, respectively, at 1.2 mM after 48 h. In 1.2 mM eucalyptol and borneol treatments, the reactive oxygen species levels markedly increased, and the caspase-3-like activity also raised. With prolonging the treatment time, M. aeruginosa cells gradually shrank and wrinkled, and the cell TUNEL fluorescence intensity and DNA degradation gradually enhanced, indicating that the lethal mechanism is causing apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD). Therefore, eucalyptol and borneol chemotype extracts and their typical monoterpenoids have the potential for developing as algaecides to control cyanobacteria through triggering apoptosis-like PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Meng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhenwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ruiqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xuezheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Haozhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ning Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Lin HY, Wang JJ, Mao XJ, Liao SK, Chen H. Eriogynapyretorum (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) parasitoid species investigated in Fujian, China. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e108794. [PMID: 37693695 PMCID: PMC10483278 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e108794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriogynapyretorum Westwood is a notorious defoliator of Camphoraofficinarum Nees that causes large economic and ecological losses in planted forests. To understand the importance of suppressing the population of E.pyretorum on natural parasitoids, a four-years investigation was conducted in the field. Four egg parasitoid species Ooencyrtuskuvanae Howard, Trichogrammachionis Ishii, Telenomus sp. and Anastatusdexingensis Sheng & Wang were captured in the wild. One of these is the dominant endoparasitoid species T.chionis, which has a quicker developmental time (8.33 d), more offspring (8.39/egg) and a greater parasitism rate (89.54%). With different elevation distributions, the parasitism rates for Kriechbaumerellalongiscutellaris Qian & He, Gregopimplahimalayensis (Cameron), Theroniadepressa (Gupta) and Xanthopimplakonowi (Krieger) were 17.29%, 2.10%, 4.23% and 0.83%, respectively. Female longevity (47.75 d), offspring (13.36/pupa) and sex ratio (1.16:1) were compared in four pupal parasitoids and K.longiscutellaris was the most abundant species of E.pyretorum in Fujian Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Jin Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Jie Mao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Song Kai Liao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Phytochemical Characterization and Antifungal Efficacy of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora L.) Extract against Phytopathogenic Fungi. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora methanolic extract was tested for antifungal activity against three common, isolated, widespread phytopathogens: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum, which were molecularly identified and assigned accession numbers ON795987, ON795988, and ON795989, respectively. At 4000 µg/mL, the highest concentration of C. camphora methanolic extract inhibits the fungal mycelia weight of F. oxysporum, A. alternata, and F. solani by 60, 49, and 24%, respectively. The presence of several bioactive metabolites in the C. camphora extract could explain its antifungal activity. The presence of numerous phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extract was revealed by HPLC analysis, including catechin and gallic acid, which had the highest concentrations of 6.21 and 6.98 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, osmoprotectants, total amino acids, and glycine betaine were abundant. Furthermore, total antioxidant activities, as measured by PMA and DPPH, were significant. The most abundant compound in the extract, according to GC-MS analysis, was mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid. Based on its in vitro efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth weight, the tested extract could be recommended as a safe fungicide instead of a chemical treatment.
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Xu C, Wang B, Luo Q, Ma Y, Zheng T, Wang Y, Cai Y, Zuo Z. The uppermost monoterpenes improving Cinnamomum camphora thermotolerance by serving signaling functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1072931. [PMID: 36589079 PMCID: PMC9800025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes serve important functions in enhancing plant thermotolerance. Cinnamomum camphora mainly has eucalyptol (EuL), camphor (CmR), linalool (LnL) and borneol (BeL) chemotypes basing on the uppermost monoterpenes. To reveal the thermotolerance mechanisms of these uppermost monoterpenes (eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, and borneol) in C. camphora, we surveyed the ROS metabolism and photosynthesis in the 4 chemotypes fumigated with the corresponding uppermost monoterpene after fosmidomycin (Fos) inhibiting monoterpene synthesis under high temperature at 38°C (Fos+38°C+monoterpene), and investigated the related gene expression in EuL and CmR. Meanwhile, the thermotolerance differences among the 4 uppermost monoterpenes were analyzed. In contrast to normal temperature (28°C), ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the 4 chemotypes increased under 38°C, and further increased in the treatment with Fos inhibiting monoterpene synthesis at 38°C (Fos+38°C), which may be caused by the alterations in expression of the genes related with non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant formation according to the analyses in EuL and CmR. Compared with Fos+38°C treatment, Fos+38°C+monoterpene treatments lowered ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities for the increased non-enzymatic antioxidant gene expression and decreased enzymatic antioxidant gene expression, respectively. High temperature at 38°C reduced the chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as photosynthetic abilities, which may result from the declined expression of the genes associated with photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, light reaction, and carbon fixation. Fos+38°C treatment aggravated the reduction. In contrast to Fos+38°C treatment, Fos+38°C+monoterpene treatments increased photosynthetic pigment content and improved photosynthetic abilities by up-regulating related gene expression. Among the 4 uppermost monoterpenes, camphor showed strong abilities in lowering ROS and maintaining photosynthesis, while eucalyptol showed weak abilities. This was consistent with the recovery effects of the gene expression in the treatments with camphor and eucalyptol fumigation. Therefore, the uppermost monoterpenes can enhance C. camphora thermotolerance as signaling molecules, and may have differences in the signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Shi Y, Shen A, Shao L, He P. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on growth, photosynthesis, and photosynthesis-related gene expression in Microcystis flos-aquae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87446-87455. [PMID: 35810242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of plants on algae offers a new and promising alternative method for controlling harmful algal blooms. Previous studies showed that anti-algal effects might be obvious from extracts of fallen leaves from terrestrial plants, which had great potential for cyanobacterial control in field tests. To investigate the anti-algal activities and main algicidal mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba fallen leaves extracts (GBE) on Microcystis flos-aquae, the cell density, photosynthetic fluorescence, and gene expression under different concentrations of GBE treatments were tested. GBE (3.00 g L-1) showed a strong inhibitory effect against M. flos-aquae with an IC50 (96h) of 0.79 g L-1. All the inhibition rates of maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield (Fq'/Fm'), and maximal relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax) were more than 70% at 96 h at 3.00 g L-1 and more than 90% at 6.00 g L-1. Further results of gene expression of the core proteins of PSII (psbD), limiting enzyme in carbon assimilation (rbcL), and phycobilisome degradation protein (nblA) were downregulated after exposure. These findings emphasized that photosynthetic damage is one of the main toxic mechanisms of GBE on M. flos-aquae. When exposed to 12.00 g L-1 GBE, no significant influence on the death rate of zebrafish or photosynthetic activity of the three submerged plants was found. Therefore, appropriate use of GBE could control the expansion of M. flos-aquae colonies without potential risks to the ecological safety of aquatic environments, which means that GBE could actually be used to regulate cyanobacterial blooms in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anglu Shen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Lin W, Zhang D, Yang R, Zhou W, Qi Z. Phytotoxicity of Chemical Compounds from Cinnamomum camphora Pruning Waste in Germination and Plant Cultivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11617. [PMID: 36141889 PMCID: PMC9517094 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Much previous research has indicated most composts of pruning waste are characterized by potential phytotoxicity, it is highly correlated with the chemical compounds of raw materials. Cinnamomum camphora, a common kind of pruning waste in Southeast Asia and East Asia, is characterized by intense bioactivities due to complex chemical components. This study investigated the potential phytotoxicity of C. camphora pruning waste in light of germination and higher plant growth. C. camphora extracted from leaves completely inhibited seed germination and still showed suppression of root elongation at an extremely low dosage. C. camphora extract also displayed significant inhibition of nutrient absorption in tomato seedlings, including moisture, available nutrients (N, P and K) and key microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn and S). The gene expression of aquaporins and transporters of nitrate and phosphate was significantly up-regulated in roots. This could be regarded as a positive response to C. camphora extract for enhancing nutrient absorption. Moreover, the severe damage to the plasma membrane in roots caused by C. camphora extract might seriously affect nutrient absorption. Camphor is the main component of the C. camphora extract that may induce the phytotoxicity of plasma membrane damage, resulting in the inhibition of nutrient absorption and low biomass accumulation. This study provided a new understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of C. camphora pruning waste, indicating that the harmless disposal of pruning waste requires much attention and exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Wanlai Zhou
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
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Li HY, Ye YD, Zhang QJ, Du CH, Li HM, Yin L. Effects of Cinnamomum camphora Leaves Extracts-Flocculants Composite Algaecide on Microcystis aeruginosa Growth and Microcystins Release. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:409-416. [PMID: 35536319 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a composite algaecide containing flocculants and Cinnamomum. camphora leaves extracts (CCCLE) were synthesized. The inhibition and flocculation effects on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were investigated, and the release of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was determined. Results showed that the CCLEC composite algaecide was effective for the inhibition and flocculation of M. aeruginosa, and the optimal dose of CCLEC composite algaecide was 1.8%, which resulted in an algae inhibition ratio of 98.00% and a flocculation efficiency of 99.44% within 5 days of M. aeruginosa culturing. Besides, the total amount of MC-LR decreased by 80.04% on day 20 compared with the control group, while the concentration of intracellular MC-LR on day 5 was 36.69 μg L-1, which was related to a portion of cells underwent apoptosis-like cell death under CCLEC composite algaecide stress. The results of this study may improve our understanding of the M. aeruginosa control by CCCLE composite algaecide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yun Li
- Jinling High School, Nanjing, 210005, China
| | | | | | - Cun-Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, MOE, School of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hui-Ming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Phytochemistry and Applications of Cinnamomum camphora Essential Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092695. [PMID: 35566046 PMCID: PMC9102863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is an ornamental plant that has been cultivated for a long time to obtain wood or camphor. Furthermore, its essential oil can be used as an alternative medicine and is an important source of perfume. Camphor obtained from camphor trees has long been used as a treatment for various symptoms such as inflammation, infection, congestion, muscle pain, and irritation in various regions. The purpose of this literature review is to provide knowledge of the well-established, wide, and extensive applications of camphor both in traditional and modern applications. Despite many studies focused on the essential oil of the camphor tree, there is a lack of systematic studies of its extraction or separation. Besides, various components of camphor are not fully understood, and further research is needed on the medicinal effects of individual components of C. camphor. The genus Cinnamomum has crucial economic value and theoretical significance. However, further systematic reviews and investigative studies based on existing research are needed to promote the modernization process of traditional applications of camphor. For proper use of the essential oil of C. camphora, it is imperative to consider its possible effects on humans and the environment.
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Chen Y, Weng Y, Zhou M, Meng Y, Liu J, Yang L, Zuo Z. Linalool- and α-terpineol-induced programmed cell death in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:435-440. [PMID: 30368137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant allelochemicals effectively inhibit and/ or control algal growth, and have potential to use as algaecide. To uncover the lethal mechanism of 2 anti-algal compounds linalool and α-terpineol identified from Cinnamomum camphora extracts, and promote their development as algaecide, the H2O2 production, photosynthetic abilities, caspase-like activities, nuclear changes and DNA degradation were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated with the 2 compounds. H2O2 content burst in linalool treatment at 0.5 h and in α-terpineol treatment at 1 h, with increases of 2.7 folds and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to that at 0 h. The photosynthetic pigments gradually degraded, and Fv/Fm gradually declined to zero, indicating that the cell death was not a necrosis due to the gradual disappearance of physiological process. In C. reinhardtii cells, the caspase-9-like and caspase-3-like were activated in the treatments with the 2 compounds for 1 h. With prolonging the treatment time, the fluorescent intensity of the cell nucleuses stained by DAPI gradually enhanced and then faded, and the genomic DNA isolated from the cells gradually degraded. These hallmarks indicated that the death of C. reinhardtii cells in linalool and α-terpineol treatments was a programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to α-terpineol treatment, linalool treatment showed stronger promoting effects on PCD at the same time point, which may be caused by the higher ROS content inducing higher caspase-9-like and caspase-3-like activities in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Weng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yiyu Meng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Chen S, Zheng T, Ye C, Huannixi W, Yakefu Z, Meng Y, Peng X, Tian Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Yang Y, Ma Z, Zuo Z. Algicidal properties of extracts from Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:594-603. [PMID: 30077157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant allelochemicals are considered as the source of effective, economic and friendly-environmental algaecides. To uncover the anti-algal activities of Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main algicidal agents, we investigated the inhibitory effects of water and methanol extracts from C. camphora fresh leaves on Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell growth, analyzed the composition of the water and methanol extracts, and determined the main compounds in extracts on the growth of the two algae and their anti-algal mechanism from photosynthetic abilities. Water and methanol extracts from C. camphora fresh leaves can inhibit M. aeruginosa and C. reinhardtii cell growth, and methanol extracts showed stronger inhibitory effects, due to their more compounds and higher molar concentration. There were 23 compounds in the water extracts, mainly including terpenoids, esters, alcohols, and ketones. Compared to the water extracts, 9 new compounds were detected in the methanol extracts, and the molar concentration of total compounds in methanol extracts increased by 1.3 folds. Camphor, α-terpineol and linalool were 3 main compounds in the water and methanol extracts. Their mixture (1: 3: 6) and individual compound showed remarkable inhibition on M. aeruginosa and C. reinhardtii cell growth. The degradation of photosynthetic pigments and the reduction of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, coefficient of photochemical quenching as well as apparent electron transport rate in C. reinhardtii cells aggravated gradually with increasing the concentration of the mixture and individual compound, while the non-photochemical dissipation of absorbed light energy increased gradually, which led to the decline of photosynthetic abilities. This indicated that camphor, α-terpineol and linalool were 3 main algicidal agents in C. camphora fresh leaf extracts, and they inhibited algal growth by inducing photosynthetic pigment degradation and declining PSII efficiency. Therefore, C. camphora fresh leaf extracts and their main components have potential utilization values as algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wulan Huannixi
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zumulati Yakefu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yiyu Meng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengfeng Tian
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Liu J, Xie M, Li X, Jin H, Yang X, Yan Z, Su A, Qin B. Main Allelochemicals from the Rhizosphere Soil of Saussurea lappa (Decne.) Sch. Bip. and Their Effects on Plants' Antioxidase Systems. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102506. [PMID: 30274332 PMCID: PMC6222321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Allelochemicals are the media of allelopathy and form the chemical bases of plant-environment interactions. To determine true allelochemicals and their autotoxic effects, seven compounds were isolated and identified from in-situ sampled rhizosphere soil of cultivated Saussurea lappa. Of these; costunolide (2), dehydrocostus lactone (3) and scopoletin (4) showed significant inhibition on seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Detection and observation demonstrated that the antioxidase system was found to be affected by these chemicals, resulting in the accumulation of ROS and membrane damage. To investigate their release ways, the compounds were traced back and volumes quantified in rhizosphere soil and plant tissues. This work made clear the chemical bases and their physiological effects on the plants. These chemicals were found to be the secondary metabolites of the plants and included in the rhizosphere soil. The findings identified a potential pathway of plant-plant interactions, which provided theoretical basis to overcoming replanting problems. This research was also useful for exploring ecological effects of allelochemicals in green agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Min Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiuzhuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hui Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Anxiang Su
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture (ICAMA), Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Bo Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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