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Futenma K, Takaesu Y, Nakamura M, Hayashida K, Takeuchi N, Inoue Y. Metabolic-Syndrome-Related Comorbidities in Narcolepsy Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106285. [PMID: 35627822 PMCID: PMC9141676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy types 1 (NT1) and 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) are thought to be a disease continuum known as narcolepsy spectrum disorders (NSDs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with metabolic-syndrome-related disorders (MRDs) among patients with NSD. Japanese patients with NSD (NT1, n = 94; NT2, n = 83; and IH, n = 57) aged ≥35 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. MRD was defined as having at least one of the following conditions: hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. Demographic variables and MRD incidence were compared among patients in the respective NSD categories. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors associated with MRDs. Patients with NT1 had a higher body mass index (BMI) and incidence of MRD than that had by those with NT2 or IH. Age, BMI, and the presence of OSA were significantly associated with the incidence of MRD in NSDs. Age and BMI in NT1, BMI and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1*06:02 positivity in NT2, and only age in IH were factors associated with the incidence of MRD. Obesity should be carefully monitored in narcolepsy; however, NT2 with HLA-DQB1*06:02 positive should be followed up for the development of MRD even without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Futenma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207, Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (M.N.); (N.T.)
- Correspondence: (K.F.); (Y.I.); Tel.: +81-98-895-1157 (K.F.); +81-3-6804-8995 (Y.I.)
| | - Yoshikazu Takaesu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207, Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (M.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (M.N.); (N.T.)
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Aoyama-Omotesando Sleep Stress Clinic, Aoyama Rise Square 3F, 5-1-22 Minamiaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0062, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hayashida
- Sleep Support Clinic, Miranbeena 1F, 1-18-8 Higashioi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 140-0011, Japan;
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (M.N.); (N.T.)
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (M.N.); (N.T.)
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.F.); (Y.I.); Tel.: +81-98-895-1157 (K.F.); +81-3-6804-8995 (Y.I.)
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Association of Alcohol Drinking Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126433. [PMID: 34198573 PMCID: PMC8296240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association of alcohol drinking patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. The cross-sectional study included 12,830 current drinkers (6438 men and 6392 women) who were at least 20 years old. Measures of alcohol drinking patterns included average drinking frequency, usual quantity, and binge drinking frequency over the past year. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MetS and its components according to alcohol drinking patterns, and also to examine linear trends in these relationships. The prevalence of MetS was 1822 (26.2%) in men and 1313 (17.5%) in women. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, drinking quantity and binge drinking frequency were positively associated with MetS in both sexes. Regarding components of MetS, while the risk of low HDL cholesterol decreased as drinking frequency increased, other MetS components (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose) worsened. Our results suggest that separate management of each component of MetS will be required to protect cardio-metabolic health, and a healthy drinking culture that refrains from binge drinking should be established in the context of public health.
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Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Koyama T, Matsui D, Watanabe I, Tomida S, Nagamitsu R, Hashiguchi K, Inaba M, Yamada S, Horii M, Mizuno S, Yoneda Y, Kurokawa M, Kobayashi D, Fukuda S, Iwasa K, Watanabe Y, Uehara R. Evaluation of myostatin as a possible regulator and marker of skeletal muscle-cortical bone interaction in adults. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:404-415. [PMID: 33044569 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone mass was recently reported to be related to skeletal muscle mass in humans, and a decrease in cortical bone is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Because circulating myostatin is a factor that primarily controls muscle metabolism, this study examined the role of myostatin in bone mass-skeletal muscle mass interactions. METHODS The subjects were 375 middle-aged community residents with no history of osteoporosis or sarcopenia who participated in a health check-up. Cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone density were measured by ultrasonic bone densitometry in a health check-up survey. The subjects were divided into those with low cortical bone thickness (LCT) or low cancellous bone density (LBD) and those with normal values (NCT/NBD). Bone metabolism markers (TRACP-5b, etc.), skeletal muscle mass, serum myostatin levels, and lifestyle were then compared between the groups. RESULTS The percentage of diabetic participants, TRACP-5b, and myostatin levels were significantly higher, and the frequency of physical activity, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and leg strength were significantly lower in the LCT group than in the NCT group. The odds ratio (OR) of high myostatin levels in the LCT group compared with the NCT group was significant (OR 2.17) even after adjusting for related factors. Between the low cancellous bone density (LBD) and normal cancellous bone density (NBD) groups, significant differences were observed in the same items as between the LCT and NCT groups, but no significant differences were observed in skeletal muscle mass and blood myostatin levels. The myostatin level was significantly negatively correlated with cortical bone thickness and skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in cortical bone thickness was associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle mass accompanied by an increase in the blood myostatin level. Blood myostatin may regulate the bone-skeletal muscle relationship and serve as a surrogate marker of bone metabolism, potentially linking muscle mass to bone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satomi Tomida
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reo Nagamitsu
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kanae Hashiguchi
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yamada
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Horii
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Mizuno
- Department of Endoscopy, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yoneda
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Kurokawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Fukuda
- Department of Health Promoting and Geriatric Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ritei Uehara
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Kim JH, Ha JI, Park JM, Lee JS, Ahn AL, Oh EJ, Choi JK, Kweon HJ, Cho DY. Association of High-Risk Drinking with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Elderly Korean Men: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. Korean J Fam Med 2018; 39:233-238. [PMID: 29976000 PMCID: PMC6056403 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have examined the association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, but studies in the elderly are lacking. We examined the relationship between high-risk alcohol consumption and MetS in elderly Korean men using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire from the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods Among 25,534 subjects, 2,807 were men >60 years of age; after exclusions, we included 2,088 men in the final analysis. We categorized the study participants into three groups according to AUDIT score: low risk (0–7), intermediate risk (8–14), and high risk (≥15 points). Results Among the study population, 17.0% of the men were high-risk drinkers, who had the highest mean waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The overall prevalence of MetS was 41.9% in the elderly men, and it was significantly higher in the group with high (48.3%) versus low (31.9%) AUDIT scores. The prevalence of MetS components (elevated BP, high FPG, high TG, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) was associated with a high AUDIT score. The odds ratios (95%confidence interval) of the high-risk group for MetS, elevated BP, and high TG were 1.40 (1.03–1.89), 1.82 (1.28– 2.60), and 1.77 (1.30–2.41) after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion AUDIT score was correlated with most MetS components in elderly Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Ha
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah-Leum Ahn
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jung Kweon
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yung Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Damiri B, Abualsoud MS, Samara AM, Salameh SK. Metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults in Palestinian refugee camps. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:34. [PMID: 29713387 PMCID: PMC5907715 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the main reasons for elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obese and overweight individuals are at high risk of developing these chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize and establish sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015, 689 (329 men and 360 women) aged 18-65 years from three refugee camps in the West Bank. International Diabetes Federation and modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel definitions were used to identify MetS. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was high, 63.1%; Obesity (42 and 29.2% in women men; respectively and overweight 25.8 and 28.9% in women and men; respectively. The prevalence of MetS among obese and overweight was significantly higher (69.4%) according to IDF than NCEP definition (52%) (p < 0.002) with no significant differences between men and women using both definitions; (IDF; 71.8% men vs. 67.6% women, and (NCEP/ATP III; 51.9% men vs. 52.2% women). The prevalence of MetS increased significantly with increasing obesity and age when NCEP criterion is applied but not IDF. The prevalence of individual MetS components was: high waist circumference 81.3% according to IDF and 56.5% according to NCEP, elevated FBS 65.3% according to IDF and 56% according to NCEP, elevated blood pressure 48%, decreased HDL 65.8%, and elevated triglycerides 31.7%. Based on gender differences, waist circumferences were significantly higher in women according to both criteria and only elevated FBS was higher in women according to IDF criteria. Physical activity was inversely associated with MetS prevalence according to NCEP but not IDF. No significant associations were found with gender, smoking, TV watching, and family history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION In this study, irrespective of the definition used, metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in obese and overweight Palestinian adults with no gender-based differences. The contribution of the metabolic components to the metabolic syndrome is different in men and women. With the increase of age and obesity, the clustering of metabolic syndrome components increased remarkably. More attention through health care providers should, therefore, be given to the adult population at risk to reduce adulthood obesity and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Damiri
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Drug and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Post Box 7, 0970 Nablus, West Bank Palestine
| | | | - Amjad M. Samara
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 0970 Palestine
| | - Sakhaa K. Salameh
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 0970 Palestine
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Lim J, Lee JA, Cho HJ. Association of Alcohol Drinking Patterns With Presence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Mellitus Among South Korean Adults. J Epidemiol 2017; 28:117-124. [PMID: 29093361 PMCID: PMC5821688 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the association between alcohol drinking patterns and the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010–2014. The participants were aged ≥30 years and had no previous diagnosis of DM. High-risk drinking was defined as alcohol consumption of ≥7 glasses at a sitting for men, and ≥5 glasses for women. After adjusting for confounding factors, a polychotomous logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of drinking patterns with IFG and DM. Results For men, high-risk drinking was associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) of IFG (2–4/month, OR 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–2.04; 2–3/week, OR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.38–2.33; and ≥4/week, OR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.65–3.03) and of DM (2–4/month, OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.20–3.77; 2–3/week, OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.05–3.03; and ≥4/week, OR 2.98; 95% CI, 1.72–5.17). For women, high-risk drinking was associated with higher risk of IFG (2–4/month, OR 1.51; 95% CI, 1.04–2.21; 2–3/week, OR 3.19; 95% CI, 2.20–4.64; and ≥4/week, OR 2.23; 95% CI, 1.23–4.06), but not of DM, compared with non-high-risk drinkers who consumed alcohol ≤1 day/month. Non-high-risk drinkers who consumed alcohol ≥4 days/week had higher ORs of DM in men, but lower ORs of DM in women compared with non-high risk drinkers who consumed alcohol ≤1 day/month. Conclusions Compared with non-high-risk alcohol drinking, even occasional high-risk alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of IFG in men and women, and DM in men. Nearly daily non-high-risk alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of DM in men and lower risk of DM in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lim
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
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Mehta M, Satsangi S, Duseja A, Taneja S, Dhiman RK, Chawla Y. Can Alcoholic Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Co-Exist? J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:121-126. [PMID: 28663676 PMCID: PMC5478941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by definition would require exclusion of significant alcohol intake. Present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of various components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and to study the affect of its presence on the severity of liver disease, testing the hypothesis if alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD could co-exist. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 16 months data, 81 patients with AC were analysed for the prevalence of MS. The diagnosis of AC was based on the history of alcohol intake, clinical examination, serum biochemistry, hematological parameters, exclusion of other causes of chronic liver disease, imaging and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Turcott-Pugh (CTP) score. MS was assessed as per the ATP III criteria and the affect of MS on CTP score was evaluated. RESULTS All 81 patients with AC were male [mean age 50.9 ± 9.5, mean CTP score 8.38 ± 1.66]. But for three patients (3.7%) all other 78 patients (96.3%) with AC had at least one component of MS. Forty-three (53.0%) patients had full blown MS with three or more components of MS. Sixty-one (75.30%) patients were either overweight [22 (27.1%)] or obese [39 (48.1%)], with a mean BMI of 25.35 ± 3.86 kg/m2. Type II DM was present in 40 (25%) and 28 (34.5%) patients were hypertensive. Twenty-two (27.2%) patients had hypertriglyceridemia and 52 (64.2%) had low HDL. Eleven (13.6%) patients had Child's A cirrhosis, 46 (56.8%) had Child's B and 24 (29.6%) patients had Child's C cirrhosis. Even though not significant statistically, patients with Child's C cirrhosis (17, 70.83%) had higher presence of MS in comparison to Child's A (7, 63.6%) and B (19, 41.3%) cirrhosis. CONCLUSION MS is common in patients with AC. Presence of MS may be contributing towards severity of liver disease in these patients indirectly suggesting the co-existence of ALD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajay Duseja
- Address for correspondence: Ajay Duseja, Department of Hepatology, Sector 12, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. Tel.: +91 172 2756336; fax: +91 0172 2744401.Department of Hepatology, Sector 12, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh160012India
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Matsueda K, Manabe N, Toshikuni N, Sato Y, Watanabe T, Yamamoto H, Haruma K. Clinical characteristics and associated factors of Japanese patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: a multicenter clinicoepidemiological study. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-6. [PMID: 28475744 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease-related diseases, such as Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEGJ), are believed to occur less frequently in Asia than in Western countries. However, the number of reported cases is increasing, yet little is known regarding the epidemiology of AEGJ in Japan. The primary study aim is to investigate the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of AEGJ. The secondary aim is to identify factors associated with it. In the 6.5 years between January 2008 and June 2014, we reviewed 88,199 esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) reports and associated medical records (Study 1). We conducted a case-control study to identify factors associated with AEGJ (Study 2). Control subjects were randomly selected and age and sex matched from among subjects who underwent EGD during medical evaluations. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using an unconditional logistic regression method. During the study period, 83 patients with AEGJ (72 men and 11 women; mean age 68 years) were diagnosed. Six cases were Siewert type I and 77 were type II. The incidence rate of AEGJ was 0.6-1.7/100,000 person-years. Compared with the 101 control subjects, obesity (body mass index ≧ 25 kg/m2; [OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.13-7.01]) was associated with AEGJ. The incidence rate of AEGJ is lower in Japan than in Western countries, but associated factors similar to those in Western patients were detected, including obesity, a hiatal hernia, smoking, and the male sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsueda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - N Manabe
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - N Toshikuni
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Sato Clinic Gastroenterology and Surgery, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Watanabe Gastrointestinal Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - K Haruma
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
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Association between loss of bone mass due to short sleep and leptin-sympathetic nervous system activity. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 70:201-208. [PMID: 28214401 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep has been reported to be an important factor in bone metabolism, and sympathetic nervous system activity has been reported to regulate bone metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association between sleep, sympathetic nervous system activity, and bone mass. METHODS The study subjects were 221 individuals (108 males; 113 females; mean age: 55.1±7.0years) divided into two groups: those who slept for less than 6h a day (short sleep [SS] group), and those who slept 6h or longer (normal sleep [NS] group). The groups were compared with regard to lifestyle, cortical bone thickness, cancellous bone density, bone metabolism markers, blood leptin levels, and sympathetic nervous system activity as evaluated by heart rate variability analysis. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the two groups in cortical bone thickness, blood TRACP-5b, and leptin levels. The L/H ratio (an index of sympathetic nervous system activity) was higher in the SS group than in the NS group. Significant negative correlations were observed between cortical bone thickness and both the L/H ratio and leptin levels, and a significant positive correlation was observed between the L/H ratio and leptin levels. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep was associated with a decline in cortical bone thickness due to the promotion of bone resorption and sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity in the middle-aged group. Leptin levels and cortical bone thickness were found to be closely related, suggesting that cortical bone mass may be regulated via interaction with the leptin-sympathetic nervous system.
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Tran BT, Jeong BY, Oh JK. The prevalence trend of metabolic syndrome and its components and risk factors in Korean adults: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2013. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:71. [PMID: 28086850 PMCID: PMC5237316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the clinical markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some cancers. MS prevalence in Korea increased between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s; however, no data on the recent trends of MS prevalence are available. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of MS, the five components of MS, and the related risk factors in Korean adults by using recent data. METHODS Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2013 were used. The revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria were used for defining MS. A multivariate logistic regression analyses was used to estimate the relationship between the related risk factors including behaviors, dietary factors, and the prevalence of MS. RESULTS A total of 34,587 men and women were included in the analysis. Age-adjusted prevalence of MS in 2013 was 28.9% without a significant increasing or decreasing trend between 2008 and 2013. Among the five components of MS, abdominal obesity decreased in both men and women (annual percent change: -2.0 and -2.5%, respectively), the decrease being significant only in women, whereas blood pressure and blood glucose significantly increased in men (+1.9 and +2.7%, respectively). Age and obesity (odds ratio = 6.7, 95% confidence interval = 5.9-7.5 for body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 vs. body mass index <25 kg/m2) were associated with increased MS risk in both men and women. Smoking and alcohol drinking were significantly associated with increased MS risk in men, and association between MS and vitamin D deficiency was at the edge of statistical significance. Higher education and income level were significantly associated with decreased MS risk in women. During this period, smoking rate and physical activity, sodium intake, and serum vitamin D level significantly decreased. Education level, calorie intake, and intake of carbohydrate, fat, protein and calcium significantly increased. CONCLUSION Several factors contribute to the stable MS prevalence-on the one hand, increased prevalence of high blood sugar, high blood pressure, calorie intake, and physical inactivity, and on the other hand, decreased prevalence of abdominal obesity and smoking. Lifestyle interventions to prevent and control non-communicable diseases should be implemented at the national level to reduce the burden of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thang Tran
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Jeong
- Cancer Risk Appraisal & Prevention Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Risk Appraisal & Prevention Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Vieira BA, Luft VC, Schmidt MI, Chambless LE, Chor D, Barreto SM, Duncan BB. Timing and Type of Alcohol Consumption and the Metabolic Syndrome - ELSA-Brasil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163044. [PMID: 27643787 PMCID: PMC5028065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide. Its association with alcohol intake, a major lifestyle factor, is unclear, particularly with respect to the influence of drinking with as opposed to outside of meals. We investigated the associations of different aspects of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components. In cross-sectional analyses of 14,375 active or retired civil servants (aged 35-74 years) participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we fitted logistic regression models to investigate interactions between the quantity of alcohol, the timing of its consumption with respect to meals, and the predominant beverage type in the association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, educational level, income, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, light consumption of alcoholic beverages with meals was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (≤4 drinks/week: OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.74-0.97; 4 to 7 drinks/week: OR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.61-0.92), compared to abstention/occasional drinking. On the other hand, greater consumption of alcohol consumed outside of meals was significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome (7 to 14 drinks/week: OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.11-1.57; ≥14 drinks/week: OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.29-1.98). Drinking predominantly wine, which occurred mostly with meals, was significantly related to a lower syndrome prevalence; drinking predominantly beer, most notably when outside of meals and in larger quantity, was frequently associated with a greater prevalence. In conclusion, the alcohol-metabolic syndrome association differs markedly depending on the relationship of intake to meals. Beverage preference-wine or beer-appears to underlie at least part of this difference. Notably, most alcohol was consumed in metabolically unfavorable type and timing. If further investigations extend these findings to clinically relevant endpoints, public policies should recommend that alcohol, when taken, should be preferably consumed with meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Angelo Vieira
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristine Luft
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lloyd Ellwood Chambless
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dora Chor
- Department of Epidemiology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Graduate Studies Program of Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruce Bartholow Duncan
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sogabe M, Okahisa T, Nakagawa T, Fukuno H, Nakasono M, Tomonari T, Tanaka T, Tanaka H, Taniguchi T, Muguruma N, Takayama T. Influence of light alcohol consumption on lifestyle-related diseases: a predictor of fatty liver with liver enzyme elevation in Japanese females with metabolic syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:17. [PMID: 26892109 PMCID: PMC4758004 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although heavy drinking is known to lead to liver injury, some recent studies have reported that light alcohol consumption (LAC) may play a protective role against fatty liver in the general population, and may even play a protective role against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in males with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the association between LAC and fatty liver with liver enzyme elevation in females with MS is unclear. Methods Participants of this study were 20,853 females who underwent a regular health check-up between April 2008 and March 2012 at our hospital. Enrolled subjects were 1141 females with MS, who underwent all necessary tests and drank less than 20 g/day of alcohol. We investigated the presence of fatty liver with liver enzyme elevation, defined in this study as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ≧31 IU/I, and the association between LAC and fatty liver with ALT elevation. Results There was no significant difference in the prevalence of fatty liver and ALT between light drinkers and non-drinkers. The prevalence of individuals receiving a treatment for dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was significantly lower in light drinkers than in non-drinkers. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), uric acid (UA), IGT, and visceral fat type MS (V-type MS) were significant predictors of the prevalence of fatty liver with ALT elevation in logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio [OR] (95 % confidence interval [CI], p value) for fatty liver with ALT elevation were as follows: BMI, 2.181 (1.445–3.293, p <0.001); WC, 1.853 (1.280–2.684, p <0.01); DBP, 1.604 (1.120–2.298, p <0.05); TG, 2.202 (1.562–3.105, p <0.001); UA, 2.959 (1.537–5.698, p <0.01); IGT, 1.692 (1.143–2.506, p <0.01); and V-type MS, 3.708 (2.529–5.437, p <0.001). Conclusions There was no significant difference in the prevalence of fatty liver with ALT elevation in females with MS between light drinkers and non-drinkers, suggesting that other factors such as BMI, WC, V-type MS, and lifestyle-related disease may be more important than LAC for the prevalence of fatty liver with ALT elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa Prefectural Cancer Detection Center, Takamatsu, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Tadahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Fukuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashi Tokushima Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Nakasono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsurugi Municipal Handa Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Tomonari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Hironori Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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13
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Kuriyama N, Mizuno T, Yasuike H, Matsuno H, Kawashita E, Tamura A, Ozaki E, Matsui D, Watanabe I, Koyama T, Miyatani F, Kondo M, Tokuda T, Ohshima Y, Muranishi M, Akazawa K, Takada A, Takeda K, Matsumoto S, Mizuno S, Yamada K, Nakagawa M, Watanabe Y. CD62-mediated activation of platelets in cerebral white matter lesions in patients with cognitive decline. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 62:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Sogabe M, Okahisa T, Taniguchi T, Tomonari T, Tanaka T, Tanaka H, Nakasono M, Takayama T. Light alcohol consumption plays a protective role against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese men with metabolic syndrome. Liver Int 2015; 35:1707-14. [PMID: 25438866 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although excess alcohol consumption has been believed to cause liver injury, light alcohol consumption (LAC) has been reported to play a protective role against fatty liver in recent studies. However, the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and LAC in men with metabolic syndrome (MS) is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between NAFLD and LAC in men with MS. METHODS Subjects were 1055 men with MS who underwent a regular health check-up and drank less 20 g/day of alcohol. A distinction was made between non-drinkers and light drinkers and the association between NAFLD and LAC in men with MS was elucidated. NAFLD was referred as fatty liver with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ≧31 IU/L in this study. RESULTS Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the prevalence of NAFLD were significantly lower in light drinkers than in non-drinkers. Logistic regression analysis showed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), uric acid (UA), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), visceral fat type MS and LAC (odds ratios: 0.654; 95% confidence intervals: 0.473-0.906; <0.05) were significant predictors of the prevalence of NAFLD. CONCLUSION The prevalence of NAFLD in light drinkers was significantly lower than in non-drinkers, and supporting previous reports studying the general population, LAC is one of the significant predictors of a decreased prevalence of NAFLD in men with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa Prefectural Cancer Detection Center, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tomonari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakasono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsurugi Municipal Handa Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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15
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Kondoh T, Takase H, Yamaguchi TF, Ochiai R, Katashima M, Katsuragi Y, Sakane N. Association of dietary factors with abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity in Japanese men. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e16-25. [PMID: 24548573 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary factors and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese men. METHODS A pooled cross-sectional analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between dietary factors (nutrition, dietary pattern and alcohol consumption) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) in 301 Japanese men, aged 21-65 years. RESULTS The standardized regression coefficients of major dietary items (total energy intake, energy intake from breakfast, lunch, supper, between-meal, protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol) were positive for VFA in multiple linear regression analyses with the use of age and dietary items as independent variables. The energy intake from between-meal snacks correlated with SFA (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.174, p = 0.002). The coefficient of alcohol intake was positive for VFA and negative for SFA, and alcohol intake correlated with the VFA/total fat area (TFA) ratio (β = 0.130, p = 0.009). Alcohol intake was positively correlated with the blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration. Alcohol consumption additively increased energy intake from supper. The risk of an increase to VFA ≥ 100 cm(2) was 2.02 times higher (95% CI: 1.15, 3.56) for subjects whose energy intake was ≥ 2200 kcal/d, and 2.07 times higher (95% CI: 1.26, 3.42) in those who consumed ≥ 3 g/d alcohol. The risk of an increase to a VFA/TFA ratio ≥ 0.4 was 1.81 times higher (95% CI: 1.01, 3.23) for subjects whose energy intake from supper was ≥ 1000 kcal/d. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that habitual alcohol drinking and high-energy intake from supper are associated with disproportionate accumulation of visceral fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kondoh
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Hideto Takase
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Tohru F Yamaguchi
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ochiai
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
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16
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Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Curls R, Richardson MR, Boyer WR, Devore SR, Alnojeidi AH. Association between alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2014; 8:119-123. [PMID: 24907178 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Examine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample (N=7432) included adult (≥20 years) participants in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS Above moderate alcohol consumption (AMAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 20-29, 40-49, and 70-79 age groups (β=-6.21, β=-8.34, and β=-6.60, respectively) and moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 30-39, 40-49, and 70-79 age groups (β=-4.60, β=-5.69, and β=-2.88, respectively). AMAC was negatively associated with triglycerides among those in the 70-79 and 80+ age groups (β=-23.62 and β=-34.18, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-C levels in all groups (β range 8.96-18.25). MAC was positively associated with HDL-C in the age groups spanning 20-69 years (β range 3.05-5.34) and those over 80 (β=5.26). AMAC and MAC were negatively associated with fasting glucose levels in the 20-29 and 70-79 age groups (β=-3.38 and -15.61, respectively). MAC was negatively associated with fasting glucose levels among those 70-79 and those over 80 years of age (β=-7.06 and β=-5.00, respectively). CONCLUSION MAC and AMAC may favorably impact metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Churilla
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Tammie M Johnson
- University of North Florida, Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca Curls
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Michael R Richardson
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - William R Boyer
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie R Devore
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Albatool H Alnojeidi
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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17
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Kwon CS, Lee JH. The Association between Type of Work and Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007~2009). World J Mens Health 2013; 31:232-8. [PMID: 24459657 PMCID: PMC3888893 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type of work might be related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, scant data are available. We performed this study to investigate whether the prevalence of MetS and insulin resistance differed according to occupation in middle-aged men. Materials and Methods In all, 2,348 men in their 40s~50s who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV were included and were classified into two groups according to the type of work (manual worker vs. non-manual worker). Diagnosis of MetS required satisfying three or more of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Fasting insulin, the glucose/insulin ratio (G/I ratio), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used to estimate the insulin resistance. We used the Mann-Whitney test, χ2 tests, multiple linear regression test, and logistic regression analyses to examine the relationships. Results Age was significantly higher in the manual worker group. Body mass index was significantly lower in the manual worker group. Rates of current smoking and frequent drinking were higher in the manual worker group. In terms of surrogate markers of insulin resistance, the age-adjusted mean of fasting insulin, G/I ratio, and HOMA-IR indicated that lower insulin resistance was significantly related to manual work. After adjusting for age and other confounding factors, non-manual workers had a higher risk of the MetS than manual workers. The odds ratio in relation to MetS was significantly lower in the manual workers. Conclusions MetS and impaired insulin resistance are significantly related to non-manual work in middle-aged Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Sig Kwon
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
What do the Atkins Diet and the traditional Japanese diet have in common? The Atkins Diet is low in carbohydrate and usually high in fat; the Japanese diet is high in carbohydrate and usually low in fat. Yet both work to promote weight loss. One commonality of both diets is that they both eliminate the monosaccharide fructose. Sucrose (table sugar) and its synthetic sister high fructose corn syrup consist of 2 molecules, glucose and fructose. Glucose is the molecule that when polymerized forms starch, which has a high glycemic index, generates an insulin response, and is not particularly sweet. Fructose is found in fruit, does not generate an insulin response, and is very sweet. Fructose consumption has increased worldwide, paralleling the obesity and chronic metabolic disease pandemic. Sugar (i.e., fructose-containing mixtures) has been vilified by nutritionists for ages as a source of "empty calories," no different from any other empty calorie. However, fructose is unlike glucose. In the hypercaloric glycogen-replete state, intermediary metabolites from fructose metabolism overwhelm hepatic mitochondrial capacity, which promotes de novo lipogenesis and leads to hepatic insulin resistance, which drives chronic metabolic disease. Fructose also promotes reactive oxygen species formation, which leads to cellular dysfunction and aging, and promotes changes in the brain's reward system, which drives excessive consumption. Thus, fructose can exert detrimental health effects beyond its calories and in ways that mimic those of ethanol, its metabolic cousin. Indeed, the only distinction is that because fructose is not metabolized in the central nervous system, it does not exert the acute neuronal depression experienced by those imbibing ethanol. These metabolic and hedonic analogies argue that fructose should be thought of as "alcohol without the buzz."
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, altered glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity) that occur in obese children. However, metabolic syndrome can also occur in lean individuals, suggesting that obesity is a marker for the syndrome, not a cause. Metabolic syndrome is difficult to define, due to its nonuniform classification and reliance on hard cutoffs in the evaluation of disorders with non-Gaussian distributions. Defining the syndrome is even more difficult in children, owing to racial and pubertal differences and lack of cardiovascular events. Lipid partitioning among specific fat depots is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to mitochondrial overload and dysfunctional subcellular energy use and drive the various elements of metabolic syndrome. Multiple environmental factors, in particular a typical Western diet, drive mitochondrial overload, while other changes in Western society, such as stress and sleep deprivation, increase insulin resistance and the propensity for food intake. These culminate in an adverse biochemical phenotype, including development of altered glucose metabolism and early atherogenesis during childhood and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Dobson CC, Mongillo DL, Brien DC, Stepita R, Poklewska-Koziell M, Winterborn A, Holloway AC, Brien JF, Reynolds JN. Chronic prenatal ethanol exposure increases adiposity and disrupts pancreatic morphology in adult guinea pig offspring. Nutr Diabetes 2012; 2:e57. [PMID: 23247731 PMCID: PMC3542435 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2012.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy can lead to a range of adverse developmental outcomes in children, termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Central nervous system injury is a debilitating and widely studied manifestation of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure (CPEE). However, CPEE can also cause structural and functional deficits in metabolic pathways in offspring. Objectives and Methods: This study tested the hypothesis that CPEE increases whole-body adiposity and disrupts pancreatic structure in guinea pig offspring. Pregnant guinea pigs received ethanol (4 g kg−1 maternal body weight per day) or isocaloric-sucrose/pair-feeding (control) for 5 days per week throughout gestation. Results: Male and female CPEE offspring demonstrated growth restriction at birth, followed by a rapid period of catch-up growth before weaning (postnatal day (PD) 1–7). Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young adult offspring (PD100–140) revealed increased visceral and subcutaneous adiposity produced by CPEE. At the time of killing (PD150–200), CPEE offspring also had increased pancreatic adipocyte area and decreased β-cell insulin-like immunopositive area, suggesting reduced insulin production and/or secretion from pancreatic islets. Conclusion: CPEE causes increased adiposity and pancreatic dysmorphology in offspring, which may signify increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Dobson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Strand MA, Perry J, Wang P, Liu S, Lynn H. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in a cohort study in a north China urban middle-aged population. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 27:NP255-65. [PMID: 22426564 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512438609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As China undergoes urbanization, lifestyles and disease profiles are changing. In this study, metabolic syndrome (MetS) was discovered in 53.5% and 42.7% of men and women, respectively. In 3 age cohorts (44, 48, and 52 years), prevalence of MetS among women was 33.3%, 41.4%, and 50.8%, respectively (χ(2) = 10.27, P = .006), whereas among men it was 51.5%, 56.3%, and 52.3%, respectively (χ(2) = 0.46, P = .796). The component contributing to the presence of MetS was increased waist circumference, especially among women. MetS among men results from higher rates of elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, and blood glucose when compared with women. Risk factors for MetS included less than 60 minutes of exercise a week (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-2.4) and rarely consuming milk (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.3). Abstaining from or occasionally consuming alcohol (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1.1) and having parents with no chronic disease (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.6) suggest increased protection against MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy Perry
- Shanxi Evergreen Service, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Jinzhong People's Hospital, Jinzhong, China
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Abstract
Despite a lack of consistent diagnostic criteria, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly evident in children and adolescents, portending a tsunami of chronic disease and mortality as this generation ages. The diagnostic criteria for MetS apply absolute cutoffs to continuous variables and fail to take into account aging, pubertal changes, and race/ethnicity. We attempt to define MetS mechanistically to determine its specific etiologies and to identify targets for therapy. Whereas the majority of studies document a relationship of visceral fat to insulin resistance, ectopic liver fat correlates better with dysfunctional insulin dynamics from which the rest of MetS derives. In contrast to the systemic metabolism of glucose, the liver is the primary metabolic clearinghouse for 4 specific foodstuffs that have been associated with the development of MetS: trans-fats, branched-chain amino acids, ethanol, and fructose. These 4 substrates (1) are not insulin regulated and (2) deliver metabolic intermediates to hepatic mitochondria without an appropriate "pop-off" mechanism for excess substrate, enhancing lipogenesis and ectopic adipose storage. Excessive fatty acid derivatives interfere with hepatic insulin signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species accumulate, which cannot be quenched by adjacent peroxisomes; these reactive oxygen species reach the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a compensatory process termed the "unfolded protein response," driving further insulin resistance and eventually insulin deficiency. No obvious drug target exists in this pathway; thus, the only rational therapeutic approaches remain (1) altering hepatic substrate availability (dietary modification), (2) reducing hepatic substrate flux (high fiber), or (3) increasing mitochondrial efficiency (exercise).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michele Mietus-Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s National Obesity Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Robert H. Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Gender-specific relationships between alcohol drinking patterns and metabolic syndrome: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:1917-24. [PMID: 22321717 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001100365x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine gender-specific relationships between alcohol drinking patterns (average drinking frequency, typical drinking quantity and frequency of binge drinking) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in the Korean population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using complex sampling design analyses. SETTING The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV, which was conducted in 2008. SUBJECTS Current drinkers (n 3793, 1963 men and 1830 women). RESULTS After adjusting for confounders (age, educational level, income, physical activity, smoking, energy intake and drinking frequency in the analysis for drinking quantity), the associations of drinking quantity and frequency of binge drinking with the prevalence of MetS were gender-specific. Seven or more drinks for men and ≥ 3 drinks for women per typical occasion and binge drinking ≥ 1 time/week for both sexes resulted in significantly higher odds for the prevalence of MetS compared with men and women who had 1 or 2 drinks and no instances of binge drinking. The association of drinking quantity and the criteria of MetS was stronger for men with high blood pressure and abdominal obesity, whereas it was stronger for women with high glucose. Binge drinking frequency was dose-dependently associated with high TAG, high glucose, high blood pressure and abdominal obesity in men, and with high glucose and high blood pressure in women. Interestingly, average drinking frequency was not associated with the prevalence of MetS in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Higher drinking quantity and frequent binge drinking are indicators of a higher prevalence of MetS, and the association strength is thought to be gender-specific.
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Hamaguchi M, Kojima T, Ohbora A, Takeda N, Fukui M, Kato T. Protective effect of alcohol consumption for fatty liver but not metabolic syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:156-67. [PMID: 22253522 PMCID: PMC3257443 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of alcohol on the metabolic syndrome (MS) and fatty liver in Japanese men and women.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical health checkup program at a general hospital. This study involved 18 571 Japanese men and women, 18-88 years of age, with a mean body mass index of 22.6 kg/m2. A standardized questionnaire was administered. The total amount of alcohol consumed per week was calculated, and categorized into four grades. Fatty liver was examined by ultrasound modified criteria of the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the new International Diabetes Federation.
RESULTS: The prevalence of fatty liver decreased in men and women with light to moderate alcohol consumption, whereas the prevalence of MS was not so changed. The prevalence of fatty liver of any grade in men was lower than that in those with no or minimal alcohol consumption. In women with light to moderate alcohol consumption, prevalence of fatty liver was lower than that in women with no or minimal alcohol consumption. By logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for MS in women with light alcohol consumption was decreased to < 1.0, but this change was not clear in men. The OR for fatty liver was clearly < 1.0 in men with any level of alcohol consumption and in women with light to moderate consumption.
CONCLUSION: Light to moderate alcohol consumption has a favorable effect for fatty liver, but not for MS in Japanese men and women.
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Asaka M, Kawano H, Higuchi M. Rowing as an aerobic and resistance exercise for elderly people. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Kuriyama N, Mizuno T, Ohshima Y, Yamada K, Ozaki E, Shigeta M, Mitani S, Kondo M, Matsumoto S, Takeda K, Nakagawa M, Watanabe Y. Intracranial deep white matter lesions (DWLs) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive impairment: a 5-year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 56:55-60. [PMID: 22177547 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke incidence and cognitive decline are related to progression of arteriosclerosis in intracranial DWLs. However, the relationships between DWLs and factors associated with their progression, including CKD, have not been fully elucidated using longitudinal MRI. Of 291 individuals (184 males, 107 females; age 66.9 ± 6.1 years) who had voluntarily participated in a hospital-based health check-up and underwent repeated brain MRI scans in 2003 and 2008, 273 were evaluated in this study. The DWL group included those having DWL without progression, and the DWL progression (DWLP) group included those having an increase in grade number according to the Fazekas classification. Unimpaired age-matched subjects with no brain MRI abnormalities constituted Group C. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and verbal fluency tasks were used for objective cognitive evaluations according to the MR evaluation schedule in 2008. Associations between DWLs and vascular risk factors were examined. DWLP occurred in 9.2% of subjects. Compared to Group C subjects, DWL and DWLP group subjects had high odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension (HT) (2.23 and 2.92, respectively) and CKD (1.40 and 2.41, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders, the ORs of CKD for DWLs remained significant (1.13 and 1.43, p<0.05). DWLs and DWLP were associated with low cognitive scale scores and increased CKD. In conclusion, CKD was associated with DWLs and DWLP as an independent risk factor and a lower level of cognitive function 5 years after CKD was identified. Successful CKD therapy may be expected to prevent DWLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Lee KW, Park BJ, Kang HT, Lee YJ. Alcohol-drinking patterns and metabolic syndrome risk: the 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol 2011; 45:499-505. [PMID: 21549549 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been known to be related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Although some studies have revealed that mild to moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of MS, most of these studies have focused the effect of alcohol consumption amount on MS. We examined the association between alcohol-drinking patterns and MS by using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) questionnaire to study 1,768 alcohol drinkers (847 men, 921 women) aged 20-75 years from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007. When compared with the subjects in the reference group (AUDIT score ≤ 7), the odds ratios (ORs, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for MS of subjects in the highest group (AUDIT score ≥ 16) were 3.92 (2.40-6.22) in men and 2.27 (0.87-5.89) in women after adjusting for confounding variables. Among the items of the AUDIT score, several alcohol-drinking patterns, including "drinking frequency," "usual drinking quantity," "frequency of high-risk drinking," "frequency of inability to stop drinking," "frequency of feeling guilty after drinking," and "frequency of inability to remember after drinking" were strongly associated with the prevalence of MS in men. In women, there were significant relationships between MS and "usual drinking quantity," "frequency of feeling guilty after drinking," and "frequency of inability to stop drinking." In summary, AUDIT score was strongly associated with MS in Korean adults, particularly in men. Accordingly, in addition to the amount of daily alcohol consumption, alcohol-drinking patterns should be addressed in the prevention and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Yokoyama H. Beneficial effects of ethanol consumption on insulin resistance are only applicable to subjects without obesity or insulin resistance; drinking is not necessarily a remedy for metabolic syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:3019-31. [PMID: 21845171 PMCID: PMC3155342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8073019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although moderate drinking has been shown to lower insulin resistance levels, it is still unclear whether alcoholic beverages could be remedies for insulin resistance. To elucidate this, the correlation between levels of ethanol consumption and insulin resistance were cross-sectionally examined in 371 non-diabetic male Japanese workers. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the ethanol consumption level was inversely correlated with the insulin resistance level assessed by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR, p = 0.0014), the serum insulin level (p = 0.0007), and pancreatic β-cell function, also assessed by HOMA (HOMA-β, p = 0.0002), independently from age, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure, liver function tests, and lipid profiles status, as well as serum adiponectin. The correlations were true in subjects with normal BMIs (up to 25.0 kg/m2, n = 301) or normal HOMA-IR (up to 2.0 μIU·mg/μL·dL n = 337), whereas all of them were non-significant in those with excessive BMIs (n = 70) or in those with HOMA-IR of more than 2.0 (n = 34). Although it is still unclear whether the reductions of these parameters by ethanol consumption are truly due to the improvement of insulin resistance, at least, these effects are not applicable to subjects with obesity and/or insulin resistance. Thus, alcoholic beverages could not be remedies for insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yokoyama
- Health Center, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol regularly for years is toxic to almost every tissue of the body. On the other hand, epidemiological and clinical evidence shows that light-to-moderate drinking is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, total and ischemic stroke, and mortality. In the past two decades, metabolic syndrome, the combination of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, are all also recognized as major cardiovascular risk factors, has given rise to much clinical and research attention, because of its high prevalence in the world. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the overall associations of alcohol consumption with the development of metabolic syndrome. Recently, the protective, detrimental or J-shaped associations have been reported between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome. This controversy may be due to the complex mechanistic relation between alcohol consumption and each component of metabolic syndrome, and almost all studies have various limitations and problem points. Prospective studies are therefore needed to confirm the association between alcohol consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and to assess the influence of alcohol drinking patterns and other possible factors, such as smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic status, education, occupation, diet and exercise. This article reviews the relation of alcohol consumption and components of metabolic syndrome, and discusses the epidemiological evidence for alcohol's putative vascular protective effects and plausible underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Clinical Medicine and Biomedical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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30
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Lustig RH. Fructose: metabolic, hedonic, and societal parallels with ethanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:1307-21. [PMID: 20800122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rates of fructose consumption continue to rise nationwide and have been linked to rising rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Because obesity has been equated with addiction, and because of their evolutionary commonalities, we chose to examine the metabolic, hedonic, and societal similarities between fructose and its fermentation byproduct ethanol. Elucidation of fructose metabolism in liver and fructose action in brain demonstrate three parallelisms with ethanol. First, hepatic fructose metabolism is similar to ethanol, as they both serve as substrates for de novo lipogenesis, and in the process both promote hepatic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Second, fructosylation of proteins with resultant superoxide formation can result in hepatic inflammation similar to acetaldehyde, an intermediary metabolite of ethanol. Lastly, by stimulating the "hedonic pathway" of the brain both directly and indirectly, fructose creates habituation, and possibly dependence; also paralleling ethanol. Thus, fructose induces alterations in both hepatic metabolism and central nervous system energy signaling, leading to a "vicious cycle" of excessive consumption and disease consistent with metabolic syndrome. On a societal level, the treatment of fructose as a commodity exhibits market similarities to ethanol. Analogous to ethanol, societal efforts to reduce fructose consumption will likely be necessary to combat the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0434, USA.
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31
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Nakashita Y, Nakamura M, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Ishikawa Y, Mikami H. Relationships of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption to metabolic syndrome in Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2010; 20:391-7. [PMID: 20699598 PMCID: PMC3900834 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is an important, aggravating factor in metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, some studies have reported that MetS is related to alcohol consumption irrespective of the amount consumed. However, the relationship of the combination of the 2 habits to MetS has not been fully described. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire was used to collect information on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption from 3904 Japanese men aged 20 years or older. MetS was defined according to Japanese criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationships of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with MetS, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Among the subjects, 581 (14.9%) had MetS. Daily cigarette and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS (P < 0.0001, P = 0.030 for trend). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of MetS was 1.89 (95% confidence interval: 1.34-2.65) for subjects who smoked ≥30 cigarettes/day, as compared with nonsmokers; 1.54 (1.06-2.23) for those who consumed ≥69 grams of ethanol/day, as compared with nondrinkers; and 3.63 (1.91-6.90) for those who smoked ≥30 cigarettes/day and consumed ≥69 grams of ethanol/day, as compared with those who neither smoked nor drank. The interaction of smoking ≥30 cigarettes/day with drinking ≥69 grams/day was 2.03 (1.02-4.01, P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking had independent relations to the prevalence of MetS. In addition, the prevalence of MetS was higher among Japanese men who smoked and drank heavily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nakashita
- Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan.
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Ahonen T, Saltevo J, Laakso M, Kautiainen H, Kumpusalo E, Vanhala M. Gender differences relating to metabolic syndrome and proinflammation in Finnish subjects with elevated blood pressure. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:959281. [PMID: 19707530 PMCID: PMC2730476 DOI: 10.1155/2009/959281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in 278 men and 273 women with blood pressure > or = 130 and/or > or = 85 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive medication. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria was observed in 35% of men and 34% of women. Men with MetS had lower hs-CRP and IL-1Ra than women. The absolute gender difference in adiponectin was smaller and those in IL-1Ra and hs-CRP were greater in subjects with MetS compared to those without. After adjustment with body mass index the association between insulin and the odd's ratio (OR) for MetS remained significant in both genders, in females also the association between the OR for MetS and adiponectin. There are gender differences in subjects with elevated blood pressure and MetS with respect to inflammatory markers and the relationship between adiponectin levels and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Ahonen
- Palokka Health Center, 40270 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association of major depression with incidence of the metabolic syndrome in women. METHODS Data were drawn from one of seven sites of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a prospective cohort study of the menopausal transition. Participants were 429 (34.5% African-American) women. Major depression and comorbid diagnoses were assessed via the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Axis I Disorders at baseline and seven annual follow-up evaluations. The metabolic syndrome was measured at baseline and each follow-up evaluation (except the second) based on National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria. RESULTS Longitudinal generalized estimating equations (GEE) models indicated that, in women who were free of the metabolic syndrome at baseline, a lifetime major depression history or current major depressive episode at baseline was significantly associated with the onset and presence of the metabolic syndrome during the follow-up (odds ratio = 1.82; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.06-3.14). Survival analyses showed that, in women who were free of the metabolic syndrome at baseline, a lifetime major depression history or current major depressive episode at baseline predicted increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome during the follow-up (hazard ratio = 1.66; 95% CI = 0.99-3.75). Lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence predicted incident metabolic syndrome and attenuated the association between depression and the metabolic syndrome in both models. CONCLUSIONS This study documents that major depression is a significant predictor of the onset of the metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies targeting depression may prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome in women.
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Fan JG, Cai XB, Li L, Li XJ, Dai F, Zhu J. Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: A randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:2418-24. [PMID: 18416473 PMCID: PMC2705101 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the relations of alcohol consumption to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Shanghai adults.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling of Shanghai adults, who were evaluated for alcohol consumption and each component of metabolic syndrome, using the adapted U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Current alcohol consumption was defined as more than once of alcohol drinking per month.
RESULTS: The study population consisted of 3953 participants (1524 men) with a mean age of 54.3 ± 12.1 years. Among them, 448 subjects (11.3%) were current alcohol drinkers, including 405 males and 43 females. After adjustment for age and sex, the prevalence of current alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome in the general population of Shanghai was 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Compared with non drinkers, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension was higher while the prevalence of abdominal obesity, low serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and diabetes mellitus was lower in subjects who consumed alcohol twice or more per month, with a trend toward reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Among the current alcohol drinkers, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, fasting plasma glucose, and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia tended to increase with increased alcohol consumption. However, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, prevalence of abdominal obesity, low serum HDL-C and metabolic syndrome showed the tendency to decrease. Moreover, these statistically significant differences were independent of gender and age.
CONCLUSION: Current alcohol consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome irrespe-ctive of alcohol intake (g/d), and has a favorable influence on HDL-C, waist circumference, and possible diabetes mellitus. However, alcohol intake increases the likelihood of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. The clinical significance of these findings needs further investigation.
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