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Imai M, Hiramoto K, Tanaka S, Ooi K. Association between Weight Gain and Sex-Related Differences through 5-Fluorouracil Administration. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1456-1459. [PMID: 39198150 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Research on sex differences has increased across various fields, including cancer and its treatment domains. Reports have indicated sex differences in cancer incidence, survival rates, and the efficacy of anticancer drugs. However, such reports are limited, and in-depth assessments of the underlying mechanisms are still in progress. Although various chemotherapeutic regimens are applicable for breast cancer treatment, reports have surfaced regarding weight gain in female patients undergoing fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC) or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil (CMF) therapy. We hypothesized the potential of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in weight gain and sex-related differences. To address this, we conducted experiments in mice to confirm weight gain and sex differences following 5-FU administration, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed weight gain and increased food intake in female mice following 5-FU administration. Additionally, female mice receiving 5-FU exhibited increased norepinephrine and α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor expression, reduced estradiol levels, and increased ghrelin levels. These results indicate 5-FU administration-induced sex differences in weight gain and implicate increased food intake because of increased norepinephrine and α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor expression, reduced estradiol levels, and a subsequent increase in ghrelin levels, which contribute to weight gain in female patients undergoing CMF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Imai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Kazuya Ooi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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Lenert ME, Burton MD. Sensory neuron LKB1 mediates ovarian and reproductive function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534533. [PMID: 37034663 PMCID: PMC10081243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for reproductive disorders in women primarily consist of hormone replacement therapy, which can have negative health impacts. Bidirectional communication between sensory neurons and innervated organs is an emerging area of interest in tissue physiology with potential relevance for reproductive disorders. Indeed, the metabolic activity of sensory neurons can have profound effects on reproductive phenotypes. To investigate this phenomenon, we utilized a murine model with conditional deletion in sensory neurons of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cellular metabolism. Female mice with this LKB1 deletion (Nav1.8cre;LKB1fl/fl) had significantly more pups per litter compared to wild-type females. Interestingly, the LKB1 genotype of male breeders had no effect on fertility outcomes, thus indicating a female-specific role of sensory neuron metabolism in fertility. LKB1 deletion in sensory neurons resulted in reduced ovarian innervation from dorsal root ganglia neurons and increased follicular turnover compared to littermate controls. In summary, LKB1 expression in peripheral sensory neurons plays an important role in modulating fertility of female mice via ovarian sensory innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
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3
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Yi Y, El Khoudary SR, Buchanich JM, Miller RG, Rubinstein D, Orchard TJ, Costacou T. Association of age at diabetes complication diagnosis with age at natural menopause in women with type 1 diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107832. [PMID: 33446412 PMCID: PMC7870550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular damage is thought to have a role in premature ovarian aging. We thus assessed the association between the presence, and age at onset of, vascular diabetes complications and age at natural menopause in women with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Female participants of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study with type 1 diabetes who experienced natural menopause and who never received hormone therapy during their menopausal transition were included in the analysis (n=105). Microalbuminuria (MA), overt nephropathy, proliferative retinopathy, confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and coronary artery disease, were assessed during biennial clinical exanimations for the first 10 years of follow-up and at year 18, 25 and 30. Menopausal status was determined via self-report and sex hormone data. For each complication, separate linear regression models were used to assess whether, compared with women without the complication of interest, an earlier age at complication development (i.e., <30 years of age) was associated with an earlier age at natural menopause. RESULTS Although results from multivariable linear regression models suggested a similar age at menopause between women with normo-albuminuria and those diagnosed with MA after 30 years of age, menopause occurred 2.06 years earlier (β±SE=-2.06±1.08) among women diagnosed with MA before age 30 (p=0.06). No significant association was observed for other complications. CONCLUSION Among women with type 1 diabetes, menopause appears to occur earlier in those diagnosed with MA before age 30 compared to those with normo-albuminuria, suggesting that vascular dysfunction associated with early microvascular disease may affect ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samar R El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeanine M Buchanich
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel G Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Debra Rubinstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Puga Y Colmenares MC, Trujillo Hernández A, Morales-Ledesma L. Unilateral section of the superior ovarian nerve induces first ovulation in the Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rat. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113636. [PMID: 33017581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity in the sympathetic nervous system has been shown to be related to the development of ovarian pathologies. In addition, obesity has been found to be associated with multiple reproductive anomalies and is considered a chronic stress condition of low intensity with changes in the peripheral sympathetic activity. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate if the information reaching the ovaries through the superior ovarian nerve (SON) modifies the ovarian function of Zucker fatty rats. We performed a unilateral section of the SON at 32 days of age and autopsies were carried out on the day of the first vaginal estrus. The results showed that fatty animals do not ovulate on the day of the first vaginal estrus and exhibit an increase in catecholaminergic fibers and the presence of precystic structures in the ovaries, without changes in the onset of puberty or in the secretion of ovarian and hypophyseal hormones. We also found that the section of the right SON resulted in ovulation on the day of the first vaginal estrus, which was accompanied by a decrease in ovarian noradrenaline content. The section of the left SON caused a delay in puberty without changes in the rest of the parameters. These results provide functional evidence that the peripheral sympathetic innervation participates in the regulation of ovarian functions in an animal model of genetic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción Puga Y Colmenares
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 112A Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72590 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Angélica Trujillo Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Edificio 112A Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72590 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, Unidad de investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Cisint S, Crespo CA, Iruzubieta Villagra L, Fernández SN, Ramos I. Effect of nervous stimulation on ovarian steroid secretion in amphibians. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:681-691. [PMID: 33058568 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of nerve stimulation on the secretory activity of the ovary of adult females was analyzed for the first time in amphibians. Results revealed that in Rhinella arenarum the stimulation of nerves that supply the gonad induced an increase in estradiol and progesterone secretion, this response showing differences during the reproductive cycle of the species. During the postreproductive period, an increase in estradiol secretion was observed while, in the reproductive period, progesterone secretion increased. Our results suggest that the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system would be responsible for this increase, taking into account that, under our experimental conditions, acetylcholine did not affect the endocrine activity of the gonad, while adrenaline (epinephrine) was effective in inducing steroid secretion an effect that could be due to interaction with β receptors. On the other hand, our data show that the association of adrenaline with follicle-stimulating hormone increased estradiol secretion during the postreproductive period, while the association of catecholamine with LH or hCG increased progesterone secretion during the reproductive period. Our results would suggest that nerve stimulation, mediated by the release of adrenaline, would act synergistically with gonadotrophins to stimulate steroid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cisint
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia A Crespo
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina.,Higher Institute of Biological Research, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Iruzubieta Villagra
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia N Fernández
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Inés Ramos
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina.,Higher Institute of Biological Research, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
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Zangeneh FZ, Bagheri M, Shoushtari MS, Naghizadeh MM. Expression of ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 in cumulus cell culture of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome and poor responder who are a candidate for IVF: the novel strategic role of clonidine in this expression. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:263-272. [PMID: 32878560 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1806320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alpha and beta-adrenoceptors (ADR-α1, 2, and β2) play a regulatory role in the folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicles. This study aimed to measure these adrenoceptors mRNA and its protein levels in cumulus cells (CCs) culture of poor ovarian reserve (POR) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) infertile women (IVF candidate) and the effect of clonidine treatment at CCs culture. METHODS This case/control study was conducted in 2017 includes a control (donation oocytes) and two studies (PCO and POR) groups. The ovulation induction drugs were prescribed in all groups. After the oocyte puncture, the follicular fluid was collected and CCs were isolated were cultured. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and designed the primer for the ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 gene expression. The protein levels were investigated by Western Blot. RESULTS The results showed a high level of three adrenergic expressions in PCO women compared to the control group (p-value <.001), which can be reduced by clonidine. POR group showed a significant decrease in the gene expression of ADR-α1 (p-value = .004) and ADR-α2 (p-value = .003) compared to the control group and clonidine treatment had no effect. CONCLUSION The significant increase of three adrenoceptors gene expression and protein levels in CCs culture indicate to the hyperactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nervous system at the receptor levels in women with PCOS, and clonidine confirmed it by reducing this expression. In POR women, the reduction of ADR-α1, 2 expressions maybe lead to the aging process in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ramírez Hernández DA, Vieyra Valdez E, Rosas Gavilán G, Linares Culebro R, Espinoza Moreno JA, Chaparro Ortega A, Domínguez Casalá R, Morales-Ledesma L. Role of the superior ovarian nerve in the regulation of follicular development and steroidogenesis in the morning of diestrus 1. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1477-1488. [PMID: 32363564 PMCID: PMC7311564 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the role of the superior ovarian nerve (SON) in follicular development during the estrus cycle. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of neural signals arriving through the SON at the ovaries in the regulation of follicular development and ovarian steroid secretion in diestrus 1 of cyclic rats. METHODS Cyclic rats were subjected to left, right, or bilateral SON sectioning or to unilateral or bilateral laparotomy at diestrus 1 at 11:00 h. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after surgery. RESULTS Compared to laparotomized animals, unilateral SON sectioning decreased the number of preovulatory follicles, while bilateral SON sectioning resulted in a decreased number of atretic preantral follicles. An important observation was the presence of invaginations in the follicular wall of large antral and preovulatory follicles in animals with denervation. Furthermore, left SON sectioning increased progesterone levels but decreased testosterone levels, which are effects that were not observed in animals that were subjected to right denervation. CONCLUSIONS At 11:00 h of diestrus 1, the SON was found to stimulate follicle development, possibly via neural signals, such as noradrenaline and/or vasoactive intestinal peptide, and this stimulation induced the formation of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors. The role of the SON in the regulation of ovarian steroid secretion is asymmetric: the left SON inhibits the regulation of progesterone and stimulates testosterone secretion, and the right nerve does not participate in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyra A Ramírez Hernández
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Campus III, UNAM, CP90640, San Miguel Contla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.,Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra Valdez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas Gavilán
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Rosa Linares Culebro
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Julieta A Espinoza Moreno
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Andrea Chaparro Ortega
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez Casalá
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP15000, Mexico, D. F, Mexico.
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8
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Linares R, Rosas G, Vieyra E, Ramírez DA, Velázquez DR, Espinoza JA, Morán C, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. In Adult Rats With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Unilateral or Bilateral Vagotomy Modifies the Noradrenergic Concentration in the Ovaries and the Celiac Superior Mesenteric Ganglia in Different Ways. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1309. [PMID: 31695622 PMCID: PMC6817458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) induced by estradiol valerate (EV) injection, sectioning of the vagus nerve in the juvenile stage restores ovulatory function, suggesting that the vagus nerve stimulates the onset and development of PCOS. We analyzed whether in adult rats, the role played by the vagus nerve in PCOS development is associated with the nerve’s regulation of noradrenergic activity in the celiac superior mesenteric ganglion (CSMG). Ten-day-old rats were injected with corn oil [vehicle (Vh)] or EV (2 mg). At 76 days of age, rats injected with Vh or EV were subjected to sham surgery or the sectioning of one or both vagus nerves (vagotomy). The animals were sacrificed at 80–82 days of age at vaginal estrus smear. Compared to Vh-treated animals, EV-induced PCOS rats showed a lack of ovulation, the presence of follicular cysts, and a high concentration of testosterone, without changes in noradrenaline concentrations in the CSMG or ovaries. In PCOS rats, sham surgery lowered serum testosterone and noradrenaline concentrations in the CSMG but did not restore ovulation. In animals with PCOS, vagotomy lowered testosterone concentrations to a larger degree than in sham-surgery animals. The ovaries of rats with PCOS and vagotomy showed fresh corpora lutea, indicating ovulation. In EV-treated rats with unilateral vagotomy, the concentration of noradrenaline in the CSMG was similar to that in rats with PCOS and sham surgery, which did not ovulate, while in the ovaries of PCOS rats with left or bilateral vagotomy, the noradrenaline concentration was lower than that in sham-surgery-treated animals. Our results suggest that the vagus nerve regulates PCOS development through a different mechanism than the increase in the noradrenergic activity in the CSMG; however, in ovaries, the restoration of ovulation is associated with a decrease in ovarian noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Linares
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Deyra A Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel R Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julieta A Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Iimura K, Suzuki H, Hotta H. Thyroxin and calcitonin secretion into thyroid venous blood is regulated by pharyngeal mechanical stimulation in anesthetized rats. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:749-756. [PMID: 31270742 PMCID: PMC6656894 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the pharyngeal non-noxious mechanical stimulation on the secretion of immunoreactive thyroxin (iT4), immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT), and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) into thyroid venous blood were examined in anesthetized rats. Secretion rates of iT4, iCT, and iPTH were calculated from their concentration in thyroid venous plasma and the plasma flow rate. A mechanical stimulation was delivered to the pharynx by a rubber balloon placed on the tongue that was intermittently pushed into the pharyngeal cavity. Pharyngeal stimulation increased iT4 and iCT secretion, but iPTH secretion was unchanged. The secretion responses were abolished by transecting the superior laryngeal nerves (SLNs) bilaterally. The activities of the thyroid parasympathetic efferent nerves and the afferent nerves in the SLN increased significantly during pharyngeal stimulation. These results indicate that pharyngeal mechanical stimulation promotes thyroxin and calcitonin secretion from the thyroid gland by a reflex increase in SLN parasympathetic efferent activity, triggered by excitation of SLN mechanoreceptive afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Iimura
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Harue Suzuki
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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Zhu H, Nan S, Suo C, Zhang Q, Hu M, Chen R, Wan J, Li M, Chen J, Ding M. Electro-Acupuncture Affects the Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovary Axis in Female Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31068836 PMCID: PMC6491808 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis is a dominant system controlling ovulation during puberty. Electro-acupuncture (EA) has been widely used to cure the reproductive diseases associated with endocrinological disorders. However, whether EA treatment affects HPO axis activity of physiological animals and induces alterations on the hormones in the HPO axis was also unclear. Here, we performed the EA stimuli on bilateral acupoints of Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) on female virgin rats every 3 days and for a total of 5 times. The results showed that GnRH levels in hypothalamus were greatly upregulated in EA-treated rats than untreated animals at day 7 and 13. The serum levels for FSH and LH were severely reduced after EA treatment compared with EA-untreated animals at day 1, while they were greatly increased at day 7 and 13. The serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol were lower in EA-treated rats versus untreated animals at day 7, while they were higher in EA-treated rats than other groups at day 13. However, the progesterone concentrations were lower in EA-treated rats than Control and Sham-EA rats both at day 7 and 13. More importantly, we found that the prostaglandin E2 level in serum was reduced in EA-treated rats versus untreated rats at day 1, while they were upregulated at day 7 and 13. Conversely, the norepinephrine level in serum was increased at day 1, while they were decreased greatly in EA-treated rats versus untreated rats at day 7 and 13. The current results demonstrated that EA could modulate homeostasis of HPO axis in physiologic rats, which would be useful to clarify the mechanisms of EA application on pathological and physiological animals or human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanguang Suo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Del Campo M, Piquer B, Witherington J, Sridhar A, Lara HE. Effect of Superior Ovarian Nerve and Plexus Nerve Sympathetic Denervation on Ovarian-Derived Infertility Provoked by Estradiol Exposure to Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:349. [PMID: 31024331 PMCID: PMC6465777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation of the ovary in rodents occurs via two routes: the superior ovarian nerve (SON), which runs along the ovarian ligament, and the plexus nerve (PN), which is mainly associated with the vasculature. SON and ovarian norepinephrine (NE) levels play a major role in regulating ovarian cystic health. Although it was previously described that the polycystic ovarian phenotype (PCO) is causally related to hyperstimulation of the sympathetic nerves of the ovary, much less is known, however, regarding the role of PN in ovarian physiology. We studied the role of SON and PN in relation to the maintenance of the PCO phenotype induced in the rat by exposure to estradiol valerate (EV). EV exposure at 24 days old (juvenile exposure) increases NE in the ovary for up to 90 days after EV injection. SON or PN denervation (SONX and PNX) decreased NE. SONXreversed the acyclic condition from 30 days after surgery (p < 0.05), but PNXdid not. SONX was more effective than PNX to downregulate the increased number of cysts induced by EV, with the presence of the corpora lutea (CL, signifying ovulation) in the SONX group. Seventy percent of SONX rats presented with pregnancy at 60 days post-EV (6 of the 7 sperm-positive rats were pregnant); however, SONX rats had a reduced number (half) of pups compared with vehicle-treated rats and 60% more pups than EV rats. These data suggest that the SON plays a predominant role in follicular development, ovulation and pregnancy during ovarian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Del Campo
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Neurochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Piquer
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Neurochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Arun Sridhar
- Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Hernan E Lara
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Neurochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Uchida S, Kagitani F. Neural Mechanisms Involved in the Noxious Physical Stress-Induced Inhibition of Ovarian Estradiol Secretion. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:904-911. [PMID: 30730610 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stress is known to change the secretion of ovarian steroid hormones via the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Noxious physical stress can cause reflex responses in visceral function via autonomic nerves. This article reviews our recent animal studies on neural mechanisms involved in ovarian estradiol secretion induced by noxious physical stress stimulation. In anesthetized rats, noxious physical stress (pinching the hindpaw or electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve) decreased ovarian estradiol secretion. These noxious stress-induced ovarian hormonal responses were observed after decerebration but were abolished after spinal transection. Electrical stimulation of the ovarian sympathetic nerves (superior ovarian nerves: SON) decreased ovarian estradiol secretion. The reduced secretion of ovarian estradiol induced by hindpaw pinching was abolished by bilateral severance of the SON. Efferent activity of the SON was increased following hindpaw pinching. Thus, the inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion during noxious physical stress was mainly integrated in the brainstem, and this inhibitory response was due to reflex activation of sympathetic nerves to the ovary. In rats, the sympathetic inhibitory regulation of ovarian estradiol secretion was pronounced when the HPO axis was inhibited by chronic estradiol treatment. Considering the female life cycle, extensive physical stress may inhibit ovarian function, especially before puberty and during old ages when the HPO axis is inactive. Anat Rec, 302:904-911, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Rosas G, Linares R, Ramírez DA, Vieyra E, Trujillo A, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. The Neural Signals of the Superior Ovarian Nerve Modulate in an Asymmetric Way the Ovarian Steroidogenic Response to the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1142. [PMID: 30177887 PMCID: PMC6110177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The superior ovarian nerve (SON) provides neuropeptide-Y, norepinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to the ovaries. Ovarian steroidogenesis is modulated by the SON. In the cyclic rat, the acute steroidogenic response to ovarian microinjection of VIP is asymmetric and varies during the estrous cycle. In the present study, we analyze whether the differential effects of VIP in each ovary are modulated by the neural signals arriving through the SON. Cyclic female rats were submitted on diestrus-1, diestrus-2, proestrus, or estrus to a unilateral section of the SON, and immediately afterward, the denervated ovary was either microinjected or not with VIP. Animals were sacrificed 1 h after treatment. The injection of VIP into the left denervated ovary performed on diestrus-1 decreased progesterone levels in comparison with the left SON sectioning group; similar effects were observed on proestrus when VIP was injected into either of the denervated ovaries. Compared to the left SON sectioning group, VIP treatment into the left denervated ovary on diestrus-2 or proestrus decreased testosterone levels, whereas on diestrus-1, proestrus or estrus, the same treatment resulted in higher estradiol levels. Compared to the right SON sectioning group, VIP injected into the right denervated ovary yielded higher testosterone levels on diestrus-1 and estrus and lower testosterone levels on proestrus. VIP injection into the right denervated ovary increased estradiol levels on diestrus-2 or estrus while decreasing them on proestrus. Our results indicate that in the adult cyclic rat, the set neural signals arriving to the ovaries through the SON asymmetrically modulate the role of VIP on steroid hormone secretion, depending on the endocrine status of the animal. The results also support the hypothesis that the left and right ovary respond differently to the VIPergic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Linares
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Deyra A Ramírez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Trujillo
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pikov V, Sridhar A, Lara HE. High-Frequency Electrical Modulation of the Superior Ovarian Nerve as a Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Rat. Front Physiol 2018; 9:459. [PMID: 29765334 PMCID: PMC5938382 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent ovarian pathology in women, with excessive sympathetic activity in the superior ovarian nerve (SON) playing an important role in inducing the PCOS symptoms in the rats and humans. Our previous studies have shown that surgical transection of the SON can reverse the disease progression, prompting us to explore the effect of the kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) modulation as a method of reversible non-surgical suppression of the nerve activity in the rodent model of PCOS. 56 animals were randomly allocated to three groups: the Control group (n = 18), the PCOS group (n = 15), and the PCOS + KHFAC group (n = 23). The physiological, anatomical, and biochemical parameters of ovarian function were evaluated during the progression of the experimentally-induced PCOS and during long-term KHFAC modulation applied for 2-3 weeks. The KHFAC modulation has been able to reverse the pathological changes in assessed PCOS parameters, namely the irregular or absent estrous cycling, formation of ovarian cysts, reduction in the number of corpora lutea, and ovarian norepinephrine concentration. The fertility capacity was similar in the PCOS and the PCOS + KHFAC groups, indicating the safety of KHFAC modulation approach. In summary, these results suggest that the KHFAC modulation approach of suppressing the SON activity could become a useful treatment modality for PCOS and potentially other pathological ovarian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pikov
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Hernan E Lara
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Endocrine Diseases, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Hotta H, Onda A, Suzuki H, Milliken P, Sridhar A. Modulation of Calcitonin, Parathyroid Hormone, and Thyroid Hormone Secretion by Electrical Stimulation of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves in Anesthetized Rats. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:375. [PMID: 28713236 PMCID: PMC5491973 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid and parathyroid glands are dually innervated by sympathetic (cervical sympathetic trunk [CST]) and parasympathetic (superior laryngeal nerve [SLN]) nerve fibers. We examined the effects of electrical stimulation of efferent or afferent nerve fibers innervating the thyroid and parathyroid glands on the secretion of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT), parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (iT3), and thyroxine (iT4) from the thyroid and parathyroid glands. In anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats, thyroid venous blood was collected. The rate of hormone secretion from the glands was calculated from plasma hormone levels, measured by ELISA, and the flow rate of thyroid venous plasma. SLNs or CSTs were stimulated bilaterally with rectangular pulses with a 0.5-ms width. To define the role of unmyelinated nerve fibers (typically efferent), the cut peripheral segments were stimulated at various frequencies (up to 40 Hz) with a supramaximal intensity to excite all nerve fibers. The secretion of iCT, iT3, and iT4 increased during SLN stimulation and decreased during CST stimulation. iPTH secretion increased during CST stimulation, but was not affected by SLN stimulation. To examine the effects of selective stimulation of myelinated nerve fibers (typically afferent) in the SLN, intact SLNs were stimulated with a subthreshold intensity for unmyelinated nerve fibers. iCT, iT3, and iT4 secretion increased during stimulation of intact SLNs at 40 Hz. These results suggest that excitation of myelinated afferents induced by low intensity and high frequency stimulation of intact SLNs promotes secretion of CT and thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland, potentially via reflex activation of parasympathetic efferent nerve fibers in the SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Onda
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyo, Japan
| | - Harue Suzuki
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyo, Japan
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16
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Uchida S, Kagitani F. Mechanism of physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion in anesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci 2017; 206:63-66. [PMID: 28579284 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the site of main integration center in the physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion because of ovarian sympathetic nerve (superior ovarian nerve: SON) activation in anesthetized rats. In central nervous system-intact rats, electrical stimulation of the tibial afferent nerve at 10V increased the efferent activity of the SON by 39±13% and reduced the ovarian secretion of estradiol by 34±7%. These responses were observed in decerebrate rats but were abolished in spinal rats. Thus, the main integration center for this ovarian hormonal response is located in the brain stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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17
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Ramírez DA, Vieyra E, González AI, Morán C, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. Both the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and the Superior Ovarian Nerve Contribute to the Processes of Ovulation and Steroid Hormone Secretion on Proestrus. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:844-855. [PMID: 27688242 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116670307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to analyze if the superior ovarian nerve (SON) plays a role in the neural signals from suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that lead to ovulation and ovarian steroids secretion on proestrus day. Rats on proestrus day were treated at 11.00 to 11.30 or 17.00 to 17.30 hours with 1 of the 3 experimental procedures (1) unilateral or bilateral SON sectioning, (2) unilateral or bilateral injury to the SCN, or (3) unilateral injury to the SCN followed by unilateral sectioning of the SON ipsilateral to the treated SCN. Treatments were evaluated 24 hours after surgical procedures. Compared to laparotomized animals, right or bilateral SON sectioning treatment at 17.00 hours resulted in lower ovulation rates and number of ova shed by the right ovary. The ovaries of nonovulating animals showed early follicular luteinization signs and trapped ova. Bilateral SCN injury treatment at 11.00 hours resulted in anovulation; whereas right SCN injury treatment, with or without right SON sectioning, resulted in a lower number of ova shed. Injecting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone to animals with bilateral SCN injury restored ovulation. In rats with unilateral or bilateral SON sectioning, or with injury to the SCN with or without unilateral sectioning of the SON, the effects on hormone levels depended of the hormone studied and the time of day treatment was performed. The present results suggest that on proestrus day, the role of the right or both SON in ovulation and steroid hormone secretion regulation takes place through different neuroendocrine mechanisms from SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyra A Ramírez
- 1 Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, México DF, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- 1 Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, México DF, Mexico
| | - Aldo I González
- 1 Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, México DF, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- 2 Department of Biology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Manuel, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- 1 Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, México DF, Mexico
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- 1 Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, México DF, Mexico
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18
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Uchida S, Kagitani F. Sympathetic regulation of ovarian functions under chronic estradiol treatment in rats. Auton Neurosci 2016; 197:19-24. [PMID: 27155810 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the sympathetic nerve to the ovary (superior ovarian nerve: SON) decreases ovarian blood flow and estradiol secretion in rats in the estrous phase. The present study examined the effects of long-term estradiol treatment on the sympathetic regulation of both ovarian blood flow and estradiol secretion. Non-pregnant Wistar rats received sustained subcutaneous estradiol (5μg/day) or saline for 4weeks. Chronic estradiol treatment did not affect ovarian blood flow at rest, while changed the basal ovarian estradiol secretion rate, i.e., narrow ranges (4-34pg/min) in estradiol-treated rats, versus wide ranges (3-192pg/min) in saline-treated rats of different estrous cycles. SON was electrically stimulated at different frequencies (2, 5 and 20Hz). Ovarian blood flow was decreased by SON stimulation in a stimulus frequency-dependent manner in both saline- and estradiol-treated rats, but the threshold was shifted from 2Hz to 5Hz after chronic estradiol treatment. Ovarian estradiol secretion rate was not significantly changed by SON stimulation at any frequency in saline-treated rats, while it was markedly decreased by SON stimulation at high frequencies (5 and 20Hz) in estradiol-treated rats. In conclusion, chronic estradiol treatment augments sympathetic inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion perhaps by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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19
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Afferent fibers involved in the bradykinin-induced cardiovascular reflexes from the ovary in rats. Auton Neurosci 2015; 193:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Rosas G, Ramírez MI, Linares R, Trujillo A, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. Asymmetric steroidogenic response by the ovaries to the vasoactive intestinal peptide. Endocrine 2015; 48:968-77. [PMID: 25331816 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vitro the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates progesterone, androgens, and estradiol secretion, and the effects are time-dependent. The present study analyzed the acute (1 h) and sub-acute (24 h) effects of unilateral injection of VIP into the ovarian bursa on each day of the estrous cycle on progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels. Cyclic 60-day-old virgin female rats on diestrus-1, diestrus-2, proestrus, or estrus were injected with saline or VIP 10(-6) M into the left or right ovarian bursa. One hour after saline injection on each day of estrus cycle, progesterone levels were higher than in control animals. The acute effects of saline solution on testosterone and estradiol levels were asymmetric and varied during the estrous cycle. In comparison with saline groups, the effects of VIPergic stimulation on progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels depend on the time elapsed between treatment and autopsy and vary during the estrous cycle. An acute asymmetric response from the ovaries to the VIP was observed at diestrus-1, diestrus-2, and proestrus on progesterone and estradiol levels. The asymmetries on testosterone levels were observed at diestrus-1, diestrus-2, and estrus days. The present results suggest that in the cyclic rat, each ovary has different sensitivities to VIPergic stimulation which depends on the endocrine status of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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21
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Uchida S. Sympathetic regulation of estradiol secretion from the ovary. Auton Neurosci 2014; 187:27-35. [PMID: 25465703 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hormone secretion from endocrine glands is regulated by hierarchical feedback mechanisms. However, although Cannon revealed in the 1920s that sympathoadrenal medullary function increased during emergency situations, no studies on the autonomic nervous regulation of hormone secretion have been undertaken for many years. In the past 40 years, the autonomic nervous regulation of insulin secretion from the pancreas, gastrin secretion from the stomach, glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex, etc., has been demonstrated. Estradiol secretion from the ovary is strongly controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and its possible regulation by autonomic nerves has been largely unnoticed. Some histological studies have revealed rich adrenergic sympathetic innervation in the ovary. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the activation of the sympathetic nerves to the ovary directly reduces estradiol secretion from the ovary. This article reviews physiological and morphological studies, primarily in rats, on the sympathetic regulation of estradiol secretion from the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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22
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Autonomic nervous regulation of ovarian function by noxious somatic afferent stimulation. J Physiol Sci 2014; 65:1-9. [PMID: 24966153 PMCID: PMC4276811 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that ovarian function is regulated by hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian hormones. However, although several histological studies have described the autonomic innervation of the ovary, the involvement of these autonomic nerves in ovarian function is unclear. Recently, it has been shown that both the superior ovarian nerve (SON) and the ovarian nerve plexus (ONP) induce vasoconstrictor activity by activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, whereas the SON, but not the ONP, inhibits ovarian estradiol secretion by activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, reflex activation of these ovarian nerves by noxious cutaneous stimulation of the rat hindpaw results in ovarian vasoconstriction and inhibition of estradiol secretion. Thus, in addition to long-term regulation of ovarian function by hormones, ovarian autonomic innervation may be involved in rapid regulation of ovarian function by responding to either internal or external environmental changes.
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23
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Uchida S, Kagitani F. Effects of electrical stimulation of autonomic nerves to the ovary on the ovarian testosterone secretion rate in rats. Auton Neurosci 2013; 180:48-52. [PMID: 24220239 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the superior ovarian nerve (SON), but not the ovarian nerve plexus (ONP), reduces the secretion rate of estradiol from the ovary via activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rats. The inhibitory effect of SON on estradiol secretion may be due to reduced production of testosterone, a direct precursor of estradiol. Here, we examined the effects of electrical stimulation of the SON and the ONP on ovarian testosterone secretion in rats. On the day of estrous, ovarian venous blood samples were collected intermittently from the ovarian vein. The secretion rate of testosterone from the ovary was calculated from the difference in the testosterone concentration between ovarian venous plasma and systemic arterial blood plasma, and the rate of ovarian venous plasma flow. Stimulation of either the SON or ONP reduced the secretion rate of testosterone from the ovary. The reduction of the testosterone secretion rate by SON stimulation was not influenced by an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine), but it was abolished by an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin). Our results show that ovarian nerves have an inhibitory role in ovarian testosterone secretion, via activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, but not alpha 2-adrenoceptors. This, therefore, indicates that the reduction of estradiol secretion by SON stimulation is independent of the reduction of testosterone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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24
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Reflex modulation of ovarian estradiol secretion by noxious mechanical stimulation of a hindpaw in anesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci 2012; 171:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Morales-Ledesma L, Vieyra E, Ramírez DA, Trujillo A, Chavira R, Cárdenas M, Domínguez R. Effects on steroid hormones secretion resulting from the acute stimulation of sectioning the superior ovarian nerve to pre-pubertal rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:88. [PMID: 23110668 PMCID: PMC3520866 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult rat, neural signals arriving to the ovary via the superior ovarian nerve (SON) modulate progesterone (P4), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) secretion. The aims of the present study were to analyze if the SON in the pre-pubertal rat also modulates ovarian hormone secretion and the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormone. P4, T, E2, FSH and LH serum levels were measured 30 or 60 minutes after sectioning the SON of pre-pubertal female rats. Our results indicate that the effects on hormone levels resulting from unilaterally or bilaterally sectioning the SON depends on the analyzed hormone, and the time lapse between surgery and autopsy, and that the treatment yielded asymmetric results. The results also suggest that in the pre-pubertal rat the neural signals arriving to the ovaries via the SON regulate the enzymes participating in P4, T and E2 synthesis in a non-parallel way, indicating that the mechanisms regulating the synthesis of each hormone are not regulated by the same signals. Also, that the changes in the steroids hormones are not explained exclusively by the modifications in gonadotropins secretion. The observed differences in hormone levels between rats sacrificed 30 and 60 min after surgery reflect the onset of the compensatory systems regulating hormones secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Deyra A Ramírez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Angélica Trujillo
- Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F, México
| | - Mario Cárdenas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F, México
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
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Number, size, conduction, and vasoconstrictor ability of unmyelinated fibers of the ovarian nerve in adult and aged rats. Auton Neurosci 2011; 164:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kagitani F, Uchida S, Hotta H. The role of alpha adrenoceptors in the vascular and estradiol secretory responses to stimulation of the superior ovarian nerve. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61:247-51. [PMID: 21359965 PMCID: PMC10717463 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the superior ovarian nerve in rats reduces both the plasma flow rate of ovarian venous blood (ovarian blood flow) and the ovarian estradiol secretion rate. Here, we examined the possible roles of alpha-adrenoceptors in these processes. The reduction of the plasma flow rate was blocked by an alpha 1- (prazosin), but not by an alpha 2- (yohimbine) adrenoceptor blocker. In contrast, the reduction of the estradiol secretion rate was blocked by yohimbine but not by prazosin. We conclude that ovarian vascular and estradiol secretory responses to superior ovarian nerve activation are mediated by alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Electric Stimulation/methods
- Estradiol/metabolism
- Female
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/blood supply
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Ovary/blood supply
- Ovary/innervation
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/physiology
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Yohimbine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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Morales-Ledesma L, Ramírez DA, Vieyra E, Trujillo A, Chavira R, Cárdenas M, Domínguez R. Effects of acute unilateral ovariectomy to pre-pubertal rats on steroid hormones secretion and compensatory ovarian responses. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:41. [PMID: 21450102 PMCID: PMC3078844 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we analyzed the existence of asymmetry in the secretion of steroid hormones in pre-pubertal female rats treated with unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) or unilateral perforation of the abdominal wall (sham-surgery). Treated rats were sacrificed at different times after surgery. Since sham-surgery had an apparent effect on the age of first vaginal estrous (FVE) and serum levels hormone, the results of the sham surgery groups were used to assess the effects of their respective surgery treatment groups. On the day of FVE, compensatory ovulation (CO) and compensatory ovarian hypertrophy (COH) were similar in animals with ULO, regardless of the ovary remaining in situ. In ULO treated animals, progesterone (P4) levels were higher than in animals with sham-surgery one hour after treatment but lower in rats sacrificed at FEV. Left-ULO resulted in lower testosterone (T) concentration 48 and 72 hours after surgery. In rats with Right-ULO lower T concentrations were observed in rats sacrificed one or 72 hours after surgery, and at FVE. ULO (left or right) resulted in lower estradiol (E2) concentrations one or 72 hours after treatment. In rats with Left-ULO, E2 levels were higher 48 hours after surgery and at FVE. Left-ULO resulted in higher levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) five hours after surgery and at FVE. FSH levels were higher in rats with Right-ULO sacrificed on FVE. The present results suggest that in the pre-pubertal rat both ovaries have similar capacities to secrete P4, and that the right ovary has a higher capacity to secrete E2. Taken together, the present results support the idea that the effects of ULO result from the decrease in glandular tissue and changes in the neural information arising from the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México DF, México
| | - Deyra A Ramírez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México DF, México
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México DF, México
| | - Angélica Trujillo
- Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México DF, México
| | - Mario Cárdenas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México DF, México
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México DF, México
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29
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Flores A, Velasco J, Gallegos AI, Mendoza FD, Everardo PM, Cruz ME, Domínguez R. Acute effects of unilateral sectioning the superior ovarian nerve of rats with unilateral ovariectomy on ovarian hormones (progesterone, testosterone and estradiol) levels vary during the estrous cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:34. [PMID: 21414235 PMCID: PMC3068948 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the participation of the left and right superior ovarian nerves (SON) in regulating progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels in unilaterally ovariectomized rats on each day of the estrous cycle. For this purpose, ovarian hormone concentrations in serum were measured in animals with either sham-surgery, unilateral ovariectomy (ULO), unilateral sectioning of the SON, or sectioning of the SON innervation of the in situ ovary in rats with ULO.This investigation results show that the right and left ovaries have different capacities to maintain normal hormone levels, that such capacity varies during the estrous cycle, and that it depends on the integrity of the SON innervation. In rats with only one ovary, the effects of ovarian denervation on hormone levels varied according to which ovary remained in situ, the specific hormone, and the day of the estrous cycle when treatment was performed. Present results support the idea that the ovaries send and receive neural information that is processed in the central nervous system and we propose that this information participates in controlling the secretion of gonadotropins related to the regulation of ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Flores
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
| | - Jacqueline Velasco
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
| | - Alma I Gallegos
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
| | - Fernando D Mendoza
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
| | - Pamela M Everardo
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
| | - María-Esther Cruz
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, FES Zaragoza UNAM, México City, México DF, México
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Huo S, Wang J, Cui S. Neonatal superior ovarian nerve transection inhibits follicle development by enhancing follicular atresia and suppressing granulosa cell proliferation in rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 22:1148-58. [PMID: 20797353 DOI: 10.1071/rd09271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovarian sympathetic nerves participate in the regulation of mammalian ovarian function, but it is still not known whether the neonatal ovarian sympathetic nerve is involved in follicular development and related mechanisms. In the present study, the superior ovarian nerve (SON) of the neonatal rat was transected on postnatal day (PD) 2, and follicle development, ovarian hormone secretion, ovulation rate, granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed on PD 30 and PD 90. The results demonstrate that SON transection decreases follicle number and size, reduces ovulation induced by gonadotrophin and enhances follicular atresia. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry staining provide evidence that SON transection inhibits granulosa cell proliferation and promotes granulosa cell apoptosis. In addition, SON transection increases serum oestradiol levels, but has no influence on serum progesterone levels. These results suggest that the sympathetic nerve supply to the ovaries is important in regulating follicle development and ovary function. These results are critical for further understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of ovary development and function, although the mechanism needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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