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Alhamdan F, Bayarsaikhan G, Yuki K. Toll-like receptors and integrins crosstalk. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403764. [PMID: 38915411 PMCID: PMC11194410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system recognizes invading microbes at both pathogen and antigen levels. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Major functions of TLRs include cytokine and chemokine production. TLRs share common downstream signaling pathways with other receptors. The crosstalk revolving around TLRs is rather significant and complex, underscoring the intricate nature of immune system. The profiles of produced cytokines and chemokines via TLRs can be affected by other receptors. Integrins are critical heterodimeric adhesion molecules expressed on many different cells. There are studies describing synergetic or inhibitory interplay between TLRs and integrins. Thus, we reviewed the crosstalk between TLRs and integrins. Understanding the nature of the crosstalk could allow us to modulate TLR functions via integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Alhamdan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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2
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He T, Giacomini D, Tolomelli A, Baiula M, Gentilucci L. Conjecturing about Small-Molecule Agonists and Antagonists of α4β1 Integrin: From Mechanistic Insight to Potential Therapeutic Applications. Biomedicines 2024; 12:316. [PMID: 38397918 PMCID: PMC10887150 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface receptors that regulate cell-cell adhesion and cellular functions through bidirectional signaling. On the other hand, anomalous trafficking of integrins is also implicated in severe pathologies as cancer, thrombosis, inflammation, allergies, and multiple sclerosis. For this reason, they are attractive candidates as drug targets. However, despite promising preclinical data, several anti-integrin drugs failed in late-stage clinical trials for chronic indications, with paradoxical side effects. One possible reason is that, at low concentration, ligands proposed as antagonists may also act as partial agonists. Hence, the comprehension of the specific structural features for ligands' agonism or antagonism is currently of the utmost interest. For α4β1 integrin, the situation is particularly obscure because neither the crystallographic nor the cryo-EM structures are known. In addition, very few potent and selective agonists are available for investigating the mechanism at the basis of the receptor activation. In this account, we discuss the physiological role of α4β1 integrin and the related pathologies, and review the few agonists. Finally, we speculate on plausible models to explain agonism vs. antagonism by comparison with RGD-binding integrins and by analysis of computational simulations performed with homology or hybrid receptor structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, Ue4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.H.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, Ue4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.H.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandra Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, Ue4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.H.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, Ue4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.H.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
- Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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3
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Anselmi M, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Artali R, He T, Gentilucci L. Design and Pharmacological Characterization of α 4β 1 Integrin Cyclopeptide Agonists: Computational Investigation of Ligand Determinants for Agonism versus Antagonism. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5021-5040. [PMID: 36976921 PMCID: PMC10108353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
α4β1 integrin is a cell adhesion receptor deeply involved in the migration and accumulation of leukocytes. Therefore, integrin antagonists that inhibit leukocytes recruitment are currently regarded as a therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of inflammatory disorder, including leukocyte-related autoimmune diseases. Recently, it has been suggested that integrin agonists capable to prevent the release of adherent leukocytes might serve as therapeutic agents as well. However, very few α4β1 integrin agonists have been discovered so far, thus precluding the investigation of their potential therapeutic efficacy. In this perspective, we synthesized cyclopeptides containing the LDV recognition motif found in the native ligand fibronectin. This approach led to the discovery of potent agonists capable to increase the adhesion of α4 integrin-expressing cells. Conformational and quantum mechanics computations predicted distinct ligand-receptor interactions for antagonists or agonists, plausibly referable to receptor inhibition or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tingting He
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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4
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Sartori A, Bugatti K, Portioli E, Baiula M, Casamassima I, Bruno A, Bianchini F, Curti C, Zanardi F, Battistini L. New 4-Aminoproline-Based Small Molecule Cyclopeptidomimetics as Potential Modulators of α 4β 1 Integrin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196066. [PMID: 34641610 PMCID: PMC8512764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α4β1 belongs to the leukocyte integrin family and represents a therapeutic target of relevant interest given its primary role in mediating inflammation, autoimmune pathologies and cancer-related diseases. The focus of the present work is the design, synthesis and characterization of new peptidomimetic compounds that are potentially able to recognize α4β1 integrin and interfere with its function. To this aim, a collection of seven new cyclic peptidomimetics possessing both a 4-aminoproline (Amp) core scaffold grafted onto key α4β1-recognizing sequences and the (2-methylphenyl)ureido-phenylacetyl (MPUPA) appendage, was designed, with the support of molecular modeling studies. The new compounds were synthesized through SPPS procedures followed by in-solution cyclization maneuvers. The biological evaluation of the new cyclic ligands in cell adhesion assays on Jurkat cells revealed promising submicromolar agonist activity in one compound, namely, the c[Amp(MPUPA)Val-Asp-Leu] cyclopeptide. Further investigations will be necessary to complete the characterization of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartori
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Kelly Bugatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Portioli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Irene Casamassima
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Agostino Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906040
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5
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Baiula M, Spampinato S, Gentilucci L, Tolomelli A. Novel Ligands Targeting α 4β 1 Integrin: Therapeutic Applications and Perspectives. Front Chem 2019; 7:489. [PMID: 31338363 PMCID: PMC6629825 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the other members of the adhesion molecules' family, α4β1 integrin, a heterodimeric receptor, plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases, cancer development, metastasis and stem cell mobilization or retention. In many cases, its function in pathogenesis is not yet completely understood and investigations on ligand binding and related stabilization of active/inactive conformations still represent an important goal. For this reason, starting from the highlight of α4β1 functions in human pathologies, we report an overview of synthetic α4β1 integrin ligands under development as potential therapeutic agents. The small molecule library that we have selected represents a collection of lead compounds. These molecules are the object of future refinement in academic and industrial research, in order to achieve a fine tuning of α4β1 integrin regulation for the development of novel agents against pathologies still eluding an effective solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Lertjuthaporn S, Cicala C, Van Ryk D, Liu M, Yolitz J, Wei D, Nawaz F, Doyle A, Horowitch B, Park C, Lu S, Lou Y, Wang S, Pan R, Jiang X, Villinger F, Byrareddy SN, Santangelo PJ, Morris L, Wibmer CK, Biris K, Mason RD, Gorman J, Hiatt J, Martinelli E, Roederer M, Fujikawa D, Gorini G, Franchini G, Arakelyan A, Ansari AA, Pattanapanyasat K, Kong XP, Fauci AS, Arthos J. Select gp120 V2 domain specific antibodies derived from HIV and SIV infection and vaccination inhibit gp120 binding to α4β7. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007278. [PMID: 30153309 PMCID: PMC6130882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The GI tract is preferentially targeted during acute/early HIV-1 infection. Consequent damage to the gut plays a central role in HIV pathogenesis. The basis for preferential targeting of gut tissues is not well defined. Recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides derived from HIV and SIV gp120 bind directly to integrin α4β7, a gut-homing receptor. Using both cell-surface expressed α4β7 and a soluble α4β7 heterodimer we demonstrate that its specific affinity for gp120 is similar to its affinity for MAdCAM (its natural ligand). The gp120 V2 domain preferentially engages extended forms of α4β7 in a cation -sensitive manner and is inhibited by soluble MAdCAM. Thus, V2 mimics MAdCAM in the way that it binds to α4β7, providing HIV a potential mechanism to discriminate between functionally distinct subsets of lymphocytes, including those with gut-homing potential. Furthermore, α4β7 antagonists developed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, block V2 binding to α4β7. A 15-amino acid V2 -derived peptide is sufficient to mediate binding to α4β7. It includes the canonical LDV/I α4β7 binding site, a cryptic epitope that lies 7-9 amino acids amino terminal to the LDV/I, and residues K169 and I181. These two residues were identified in a sieve analysis of the RV144 vaccine trial as sites of vaccine -mediated immune pressure. HIV and SIV V2 mAbs elicited by both vaccination and infection that recognize this peptide block V2-α4β7 interactions. These mAbs recognize conformations absent from the β- barrel presented in a stabilized HIV SOSIP gp120/41 trimer. The mimicry of MAdCAM-α4β7 interactions by V2 may influence early events in HIV infection, particularly the rapid seeding of gut tissues, and supports the view that HIV replication in gut tissue is a central feature of HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakaorat Lertjuthaporn
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Danlan Wei
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Fatima Nawaz
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Allison Doyle
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Brooke Horowitch
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Chung Park
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Yang Lou
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Ruimin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xunqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States of America
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lynn Morris
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa
| | - Constantinos Kurt Wibmer
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kristin Biris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie D. Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Dai Fujikawa
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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7
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Kobori T, Hamasaki S, Kitaura A, Yamazaki Y, Nishinaka T, Niwa A, Nakao S, Wake H, Mori S, Yoshino T, Nishibori M, Takahashi H. Interleukin-18 Amplifies Macrophage Polarization and Morphological Alteration, Leading to Excessive Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:334. [PMID: 29559970 PMCID: PMC5845536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
M2 macrophage (Mφ) promotes pathologic angiogenesis through a release of pro-angiogenic mediators or the direct cell–cell interaction with endothelium in the micromilieu of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, where interleukin (IL)-18 also contributes to excessive angiogenesis. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which M2 Mφs in the micromilieu containing IL-18 induce excessive angiogenesis in the in vitro experimental model using mouse Mφ-like cell line, RAW264.7 cells, and mouse endothelial cell line, b.End5 cells. We discovered that IL-18 acts synergistically with IL-10 to amplify the production of Mφ-derived mediators like osteopontin (OPN) and thrombin, yielding thrombin-cleaved form of OPN generation, which acts through integrins α4/α9, thereby augmenting M2 polarization of Mφ with characteristics of increasing surface CD163 expression in association with morphological alteration. Furthermore, the results of visualizing temporal behavior and morphological alteration of Mφs during angiogenesis demonstrated that M2-like Mφs induced excessive angiogenesis through the direct cell–cell interaction with endothelial cells, possibly mediated by CD163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hamasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yui Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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8
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De Marco R, Greco A, Calonghi N, Dattoli SD, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Picchetti P, De Cola L, Anselmi M, Cipriani F, Gentilucci L. Selective detection of α4β1 integrin (VLA-4)-expressing cells using peptide-functionalized nanostructured materials mimicking endothelial surfaces adjacent to inflammatory sites. Biopolymers 2017; 110. [PMID: 29178262 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Persistent accumulation of immune cells mediated by α4β1 integrin (VLA-4) is a hallmark of the inflammatory diseases and of chronic inflammation observed in the affected tissues of autoimmune diseases. Aiming at exploring new methods for monitoring the course of the inflammatory processes, we designed the first peptide-functionalized nanostructured devices capable to mimic the high-density multivalency binding between the α4β1 integrin-expressing cells and the ligands overexpressed on the endothelial surfaces, in the proximity of the sites of inflammation. Specifically, we describe the first examples of monolayers constituted by dye-loaded zeolite L crystals, coated with α4β1 integrin peptide ligands, and we analyze the adhesion of model Jurkat cells in comparison to non-α4β1 integrin-expressing cells. In particular, the peptidomimetic diphenylurea-Leu-Asp-Val-diamine allows significant and selective detection of α4β1 integrin-expressing Jurkat cells, after very rapid incubation time, supporting the possible implementation in a diagnostic device capable to detect the desired cells from biological fluids, obtainable from patients in a noninvasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Arianna Greco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Samantha D Dattoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institut de science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg and CNR UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institut de science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg and CNR UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
- Institut fűr Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Francesca Cipriani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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9
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Gonzalez-Salinas R, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Gulias-Cañizo R, Sánchez-Vela MA, Ochoa-De La Paz L, Zamora R, Quiroz-Mercado H. Current Anti-Integrin Therapy for Ocular Disease. Semin Ophthalmol 2017; 33:634-642. [DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1388411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cell Biology Department, Advanced Research Center, I.P.N. (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lenin Ochoa-De La Paz
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Biochemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Quiroz-Mercado
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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10
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Hao J, Wu X, Setrerrahmane S, Qian K, Hou Y, Yu L, Lin C, Wu Q, Xu H. Combination Therapy of PEG-HM-3 and Methotrexate Retards Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1538. [PMID: 28754008 PMCID: PMC5536026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the early phenomenon of inflammatory angiogenesis is rarely studied in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous research found that PEG-HM-3, an integrin inhibitor, possessed anti-angiogenesis and anti-rheumatic activity. In this study, the advantages of inhibiting angiogenesis and immune cell adhesion and migration, as well as the benefits of anti-arthritis effects, were evaluated using a combination of PEG-HM-3 and methotrexate (MTX). In vitro, spleen cell proliferation and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in macrophage supernatant were assessed. Hind paw edema, arthritis index, clinical score, body weight and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the spleen, thymus, and joint cavity were evaluated in vivo in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. Joints of the left hind paws were imaged by X-ray. The expression of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) protein was assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synoviocytes. PEG-HM-3 combined with MTX significantly reduced primary and secondary swelling of the hind paws, the arthritis index, the clinical score and bone erosion. The results of IHC showed that the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in spleens and the levels of TNF-α, CD31 (cluster of differentiation 31), and CD105 in the joint cavity were decreased. The body weight of rats was maintained during combination therapy. Ankle cavity integrity, and bone erosion and deformity were improved in combination treatment. The expression of TLR-4 was significantly reduced with combination treatment in rat synoviocytes. Co-suppression of both inflammation and angiogenesis in arthritis was achieved in this design with combination therapy. The activity of nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) and the expression of inflammatory factors were down regulated via integrin αvβ₃ and TLR-4 signaling pathways. In the future, the application of this combination can be a candidate in early and mid-term RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Hao
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Sarra Setrerrahmane
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Yueying Hou
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Liting Yu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chenyu Lin
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qianqian Wu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Dong C, Greathouse KM, Beacham RL, Palladino SP, Helton ES, Ubogu EE. Fibronectin connecting segment-1 peptide inhibits pathogenic leukocyte trafficking and inflammatory demyelination in experimental models of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Exp Neurol 2017; 292:35-45. [PMID: 28215575 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The molecular determinants of pathogenic leukocyte migration across the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) are unknown. Specific disease modifying therapies for CIDP are also lacking. Fibronectin connecting segment-1 (FNCS1), an alternatively spliced fibronectin variant expressed by microvascular endothelial cells at sites of inflammation in vitro and in situ, is a counterligand for leukocyte α4 integrin (also known as CD49d) implicated in pathogenic leukocyte trafficking in multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. We sought to determine the role of FNCS1 in CIDP patient leukocyte trafficking across the BNB in vitro and in severe chronic demyelinating neuritis in vivo using a representative spontaneous murine CIDP model. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from 7 untreated CIDP patients were independently infused into a cytokine-treated, flow-dependent in vitro BNB model system. Time-lapse digital video microscopy was performed to visualize and quantify leukocyte trafficking, comparing FNCS1 peptide blockade to relevant controls. Fifty 24-week old female B7-2 deficient non-obese diabetic mice with spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) were treated daily with 2mg/kg FNCS1 peptide for 5days via intraperitoneal injection with appropriate controls. Neurobehavioral measures of disease severity, motor nerve electrophysiology assessments and histopathological quantification of inflammation and morphometric assessment of demyelination were performed to determine in vivo efficacy. The biological relevance of FNCS1 and CD49d in CIDP was evaluated by immunohistochemical detection in affected patient sural nerve biopsies. 25μM FNCS1 peptide maximally inhibited CIDP leukocyte trafficking at the human BNB in vitro. FNCS1 peptide treatment resulted in significant improvements in disease severity, motor electrophysiological parameters of demyelination and histological measures of inflammatory demyelination. Microvessels demonstrating FNCS1 expression and CD49d+ leukocytes were seen within the endoneurium of patient nerve biopsies. Taken together, these results imply a role for FNCS1 in pathogenic leukocyte trafficking in CIDP, providing a potential target for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Dong
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelsey M Greathouse
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca L Beacham
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Steven P Palladino
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - E Scott Helton
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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12
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Sison EAR, Kurre P, Kim YM. Understanding the bone marrow microenvironment in hematologic malignancies: A focus on chemokine, integrin, and extracellular vesicle signaling. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 34:365-378. [PMID: 29211600 PMCID: PMC6516746 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2017.1395938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signaling between leukemia cells and nonhematopoietic cells in the bone marrow microenvironment contributes to leukemia cell growth and survival. This complicated extrinsic mechanism of chemotherapy resistance relies on a number of pathways and factors, some of which have yet to be determined. Research on cell-cell crosstalk the bone marrow microenvironment in acute leukemia was presented at the 2016 annual Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia (TACL) investigator meeting. This review summarizes the mini-symposium proceedings and focuses on chemokine signaling via the cell surface receptor CXCR4, adhesion molecule signaling via integrin α4, and crosstalk between leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment that is mediated through extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kurre
- Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Piraino PS, Yednock TA, Freedman SB, Messersmith EK, Pleiss MA, Karlik SJ. Suppression of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with a small molecule inhibitor of α4 integrin. Mult Scler 2016; 11:683-90. [PMID: 16320728 DOI: 10.1191/1352458505ms1223oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of α4 integrin (CT301) at reversing the clinical, pathological and MR- detectable deficits associated with the acute phase of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Materials and methods: EAE was induced in 36 female Hartley guinea pigs, and the treatment period was from day 11 to day 17 post-immunization. Animals received either saline (n=12), anti-α4 integrin antibody (AN100226m; n=12) or CT301 (n=12). T2-weighted fast spin echo and T1-weighted pre- and post-contrast scans were performed at the beginning (day 11) and end (day 18) of the treatment period, and scored for cerebral inflammation and gadolinium enhancement. T1-weighted images were further analyzed to quantify this enhancement as a measure of blood-brain barrier integrity. Dissected CNS was evaluated for inflammation and demyelination. Results: CT301 successfully reversed two clinical indicators of disease over the course of the treatment period. These animals showed decreased T2-weighted abnormalities, as well as a reduction in gadolinium leakage on T1-weighted images. Meningeal and perivascular inflammation was decreased by anti-α4 integrin treatments. Conclusion: CT301 effectively reverses the clinical, pathological and MR-detectable deficits of acute EAE, and may therefore be a promising therapeutic agent in multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Piraino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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14
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De Marco R, Mazzotti G, Dattoli SD, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Greco A, Gentilucci L. 5-aminomethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione hybrid α/β-dipeptide scaffolds as inductors of constrained conformations: Applications to the synthesis of integrin antagonists. Biopolymers 2016. [PMID: 26211418 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomimetics represent an attractive starting point for drug discovery programs; in particular, peptidomimetics that result from the incorporation of a heterocycle may take advantage of increased enzymatic stability and higher ability to reproduce the bioactive conformations of the parent peptides, resulting in enhanced therapeutic potential. Herein, we present mimetics of the α4β1 integrin antagonist BIO1211 (MPUPA-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-OH), containing a aminomethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione scaffold (Amo). Interestingly, the retro-sequences PhCOAsp(OH)-Amo-APUMP including either (S)- or (R)-configured Amo displayed significant ability to inhibit the adhesion of α4β1 integrin expressing cells, and remarkable stability in mouse serum. Possibly, the conformational bias exerted by the Amo scaffold determined the affinity for the receptors. These peptidomimetics could be of interest for the development of small-molecule agents effective against inflammatory processes and correlated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mazzotti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Samantha D Dattoli
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Arianna Greco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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15
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De Marco R, Tolomelli A, Juaristi E, Gentilucci L. Integrin Ligands with α/β-Hybrid Peptide Structure: Design, Bioactivity, and Conformational Aspects. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:389-424. [PMID: 26777675 DOI: 10.1002/med.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors for proteins of the extracellular matrix and plasma-borne adhesive proteins. Their involvement in diverse pathologies prompted medicinal chemists to develop small-molecule antagonists, and very often such molecules are peptidomimetics designed on the basis of the short native ligand-integrin recognition motifs. This review deals with peptidomimetic integrin ligands composed of α- and β-amino acids. The roles exerted by the β-amino acid components are discussed in terms of biological activity, bioavailability, and selectivity. Special attention is paid to the synthetic accessibility and efficiency of conformationally constrained heterocyclic scaffolds incorporating α/β-amino acid span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN 2508, esquina Ticoman, Mexico, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Ramroodi N, Khani M, Ganjali Z, Javan MR, Sanadgol N, Khalseh R, Ravan H, Sanadgol E, Abdollahi M. Prophylactic Effect of BIO-1211 Small-Molecule Antagonist of VLA-4 in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:694-712. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1085391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Richardson SI, Gray ES, Mkhize NN, Sheward DJ, Lambson BE, Wibmer CK, Masson L, Werner L, Garrett N, Passmore JAS, Karim QA, Karim SSA, Williamson C, Moore PL, Morris L. South African HIV-1 subtype C transmitted variants with a specific V2 motif show higher dependence on α4β7 for replication. Retrovirology 2015; 12:54. [PMID: 26105197 PMCID: PMC4479312 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The integrin α4β7 mediates the trafficking of immune cells to the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and is an attachment factor for the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein. We developed a viral replication inhibition assay to more clearly evaluate the role of α4β7 in HIV infection and the contribution of viral and host factors. Results Replication of 60 HIV-1 subtype C viruses collected over time from 11 individuals in the CAPRISA cohort were partially inhibited by antibodies targeting α4β7. However, dependence on α4β7 for replication varied substantially among viral isolates from different individuals as well as over time in some individuals. Among 8 transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses, α4β7 reactivity was highest for viruses having P/SDI/V tri-peptide binding motifs. Mutation of T/F viruses that had LDI/L motifs to P/SDI/V resulted in greater α4β7 reactivity, whereas mutating P/SDI/V to LDI/L motifs was associated with reduced α4β7 binding. P/SDI/V motifs were more common among South African HIV subtype C viruses (35%) compared to subtype C viruses from other regions of Africa (<8%) and to other subtypes, due in part to a founder effect. In addition, individuals with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and who had higher concentrations of IL-7, IL-8 and IL-1α in the genital tract had T/F viruses with higher α4β7 dependence for replication, suggesting that viruses with P/SDI/V motifs may be preferentially transmitted in the presence of BV in this population. Conclusions Collectively, these data suggest a role for α4β7 in HIV infection that is influenced by both viral and host factors including the sequence of the α4β7 binding motif, the cytokine milieu and BV in the genital tract. The higher frequency of P/SDI/V sequences among South African HIV-1 subtype C viruses may have particular significance for the role of α4β7 in this geographical region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0183-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I Richardson
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Elin S Gray
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,ECU Melanoma Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University (ECU), Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Nonhlanhla N Mkhize
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Daniel J Sheward
- Divison of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Bronwen E Lambson
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Constantinos Kurt Wibmer
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lindi Masson
- Divison of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Lise Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Divison of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Divison of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Penny L Moore
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STI's, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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18
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Tolomelli A, Baiula M, Viola A, Ferrazzano L, Gentilucci L, Dattoli S, Spampinato S, Juaristi E, Escudero M. Dehydro-β-proline Containing α4β1 Integrin Antagonists: Stereochemical Recognition in Ligand-Receptor Interplay. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:701-6. [PMID: 26101577 PMCID: PMC4468404 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of dehydro-β-proline-containing peptidomimetics, designed to be effective as α4β1 integrin ligands, has been developed on the basis of the fundamental requirements for the interactions of these transmembrane receptors with bioactive ligands. Dehydro-β-proline ring has been synthesized through an original pathway, involving ring closing metathesis of a diallylamino derivative. The synthesized products showed to be effective and selective as α4β1 integrin antagonists and displayed IC50 values in the nanomolar range in cell adhesion inhibition assays and in VCAM-1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases. Significant activity was observed also toward the homologous integrin α4β7, while they did not display any activity toward selected members of β1, β2, and β3 families. A strong dependence on the stereochemistry of the heterocyclic central core could be observed. The great importance of α4β1 integrin in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases suggests a possible exploitation of these ligands as lead compounds for therapeutic tools development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Viola
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Ferrazzano
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha
Deianira Dattoli
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, México
| | - Margarita Escudero
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, México
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Di Stasi LC, Costa CA, Witaicenis A. Products for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a patent review (2013 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:629-42. [PMID: 25944127 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1041921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and an unspecific IBD. The unclear etiology of IBD is a limiting factor that complicates the development of new pharmacological treatments and explains the high frequency of refractory patients to current drugs, including both conventional and biological therapies. In view of this, recent progress on the development of novel patented products to treat IBD was reviewed. AREAS COVERED Evaluation of the patent literature during the period 2013 - 2014 focused on chemical compounds, functional foods and biological therapy useful for the treatment of IBD. EXPERT OPINION Majority of the patents are not conclusive because they were based on data from unspecific methods not related to intestinal inflammation and, when related to IBD models, few biochemical and molecular evaluations that could be corroborating their use in human IBD were presented. On the other hand, methods and strategies using new formulations of conventional drugs, guanylyl cyclase C peptide agonists, compounds that influence anti-adhesion molecules, mAbs anti-type I interferons and anti-integrin, oligonucleotide antisense Smad7, growth factor neuregulin 4 and functional foods, particularly fermented wheat germ with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are promising products for use in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C Di Stasi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech) , 18.618-000 - Botucatu, São Paulo , Brazil +55 14 3880 0216 ;
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20
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Beniwal-Patel P, Saha S. The role of integrin antagonists in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1815-23. [PMID: 25288228 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.967209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory diseases of the bowel associated with complex inflammatory cascades within the mucosal lining of the gut. AREAS COVERED INTEGRINS and their use as therapies in UC and Crohn's. EXPERT OPINION The anti-adhesion molecules are a welcome addition to the armamentarium of medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Beniwal-Patel
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , 1685 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705 , USA
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21
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Shishido S, Bönig H, Kim YM. Role of integrin alpha4 in drug resistance of leukemia. Front Oncol 2014; 4:99. [PMID: 24904821 PMCID: PMC4033044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a significant problem, resulting in poor responsiveness to first-line treatment or relapse after transient remission. Classical anti-leukemic drugs are non-specific cell cycle poisons; some more modern drugs target oncogenic pathways in leukemia cells, although in ALL these do not play a very significant role. By contrast, the molecular interactions between microenvironment and leukemia cells are often neglected in the design of novel therapies against drug resistant leukemia. It was shown however, that chemotherapy resistance is promoted in part through cell–cell contact of leukemia cells with bone marrow (BM) stromal cells, also called cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Incomplete response to chemotherapy results in persistence of resistant clones with or without detectable minimal residual disease (MRD). Approaches for how to address CAM-DR and MRD remain elusive. Specifically, studies using anti-functional antibodies and genetic models have identified integrin alpha4 as a critical molecule regulating BM homing and active retention of normal and leukemic cells. Pre-clinical evidence has been provided that interference with alpha4-mediated adhesion of ALL cells can sensitize them to chemotherapy and thus facilitate eradication of ALL cells in an MRD setting. To this end, Andreeff and colleagues recently provided evidence of stroma-induced and alpha4-mediated nuclear factor-κB signaling in leukemia cells, disruption of which depletes leukemia cells of strong survival signals. We here review the available evidence supporting the targeting of alpha4 as a novel strategy for treatment of drug resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shishido
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Halvard Bönig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Goethe University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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22
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are antibodies of a single antigen specificity produced by identical immune cells, i.e., clones of a common germ cell. They offer unprecedented opportunities to drug development because of their ability to target almost any cell surface or secreted molecule with remarkable efficacy and safety. In this chapter, the application of human mAbs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases is reviewed. We discuss in detail several mAb-based drugs such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF), anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) receptor, anti-IL-6 receptor, anti-α4 integrin subunit, and anti-CD20 agents, all of which have been documented by clinical trials to be efficacious and have been approved for the therapy of several inflammatory and immune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, spondyloarthropathies, juvenile arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and others. These novel drugs can be used either as a monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapeutic modalities, particularly if the disease under treatment is refractory to therapy using solely conventional techniques. As a large variety of mAb-based agents targeting a plethora of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules, receptors, as well as diverse cell types, are presently under investigation, the therapeutic armamentarium of the clinician is expected to greatly broaden in the near future, providing improved patient care for a wide range of devastating diseases of our times.
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23
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Dattoli SD, De Marco R, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Greco A, Tolomelli A, Gentilucci L. Synthesis and assay of retro-α4β1 integrin-targeting motifs. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 73:225-32. [PMID: 24412498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several research groups proposed new peptidomimetic antagonists of integrins αvβ3, α5β1, αIIbβ3, αvβ6, αvβ5, etc. based on retro sequences of the classic integrin-binding motif RGD. The retro strategy is still largely ignored for the non-RGD-binding α4β1 integrin. Herein we present the first examples of retro sequences for targeting this integrin, composed of Asp or isoAsp equipped with an aromatic cap at the N-terminus, (S)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (β(2)-Pro) as a constrained core, and the amino variant (AMPUMP) of the well-known α4-targeting diphenylurea MPUPA. We discuss α4β1 receptor affinity (SPA), cell adhesion assays, stability in mouse serum, and conformational analysis. For their significant ability to inhibit cell adhesion and remarkable stability, the retro-peptide mimetics BnCO-Asp-β-Pro-AMPUMP (3) and BnCO-isoAsp-β-Pro-AMPUMP (4) represent promising candidates for designing small molecules as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Dattoli
- Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella De Marco
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Baiula
- Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Arianna Greco
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tolomelli
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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24
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de Morrée A, Flix B, Bagaric I, Wang J, van den Boogaard M, Grand Moursel L, Frants RR, Illa I, Gallardo E, Toes R, van der Maarel SM. Dysferlin regulates cell adhesion in human monocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14147-14157. [PMID: 23558685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is mutated in a group of muscular dystrophies commonly referred to as dysferlinopathies. It is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it is important for sarcolemmal maintenance. Recent studies show that dysferlin is also expressed in monocytes. Moreover, muscle of dysferlinopathy patients is characterized by massive immune cell infiltrates, and dysferlin-negative monocytes were shown to be more aggressive and phagocytose more particles. This suggests that dysferlin deregulation in monocytes might contribute to disease progression, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here we show that dysferlin expression is increased with differentiation in human monocytes and the THP1 monocyte cell model. Freshly isolated monocytes of dysferlinopathy patients show deregulated expression of fibronectin and fibronectin-binding integrins, which is recapitulated by transient knockdown of dysferlin in THP1 cells. Dysferlin forms a protein complex with these integrins at the cell membrane, and its depletion impairs cell adhesion. Moreover, patient macrophages show altered adhesion and motility. These findings suggest that dysferlin is involved in regulating cellular interactions and provide new insight into dysferlin function in inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Morrée
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bàrbara Flix
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ivana Bagaric
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laure Grand Moursel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rune R Frants
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Illa
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rene Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvère M van der Maarel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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25
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Xu YZ, Konradi AW, Bard F, Dappen M, Dofiles L, Dreyer M, Gallager I, Garrido C, Krimm M, Liao Z, Messersmith E, Mutter L, Pleiss MA, Samant B, Semko CM, Smith J, Stappenbeck F, Stupi B, Vandervert C, Welch B, Wipke B, Yednock T. Arylsulfonamide pyrimidines as VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3070-4. [PMID: 23562062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of (S)-2-(2-(diethylamino)-5-(N-alkyl-N-sulfonamido)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-3-(4-(carbamoyloxy)phenyl)propanoic acid is discovered as orally available VLA-4 antagonists. Representative compounds 11b and 11p showed efficacy in multiple in vivo animal models. The in vitro selectivity of 11p is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zi Xu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 180 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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26
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Juliano RL, Carver K, Cao C, Ming X. Receptors, endocytosis, and trafficking: the biological basis of targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides. J Drug Target 2012; 21:27-43. [PMID: 23163768 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.740674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The problem of targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides can be resolved into two distinct aspects. The first concerns devising ligand-oligonucleotide or ligand-carrier moieties that bind with high selectivity to receptors on the cell type of interest and that are efficiently internalized by endocytosis. The second concerns releasing oligonucleotides from pharmacologically inert endomembrane compartments so that they can access RNA in the cytosol or nucleus. In this review, we will address both of these aspects. Thus, we present information on three important receptor families, the integrins, the receptor tyrosine kinases, and the G protein-coupled receptors in terms of their suitability for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides. This includes discussion of receptor abundance, internalization and trafficking pathways, and the availability of suitable high affinity ligands. We also consider the process of oligonucleotide uptake and intracellular trafficking and discuss approaches to modulating these processes in a pharmacologically productive manner. Hopefully, the basic information presented in this review will be of value to investigators involved in designing delivery approaches for oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Juliano
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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27
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Setoguchi M, Iimura S, Sugimoto Y, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Muro F, Iigo Y, Takayama G, Yokoyama M, Taira T, Aonuma M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. A novel, potent, and orally active VLA-4 antagonist with good aqueous solubility: trans-4-[1-[[2-(5-Fluoro-2-methylphenylamino)-7-fluoro-6-benzoxazolyl]acetyl]-(5S)-[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:42-61. [PMID: 23218775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out the optimization of substituents at the C-3 or the C-5 position on the pyrrolidine ring of VLA-4 antagonist 3 with 2-(phenylamino)-7-fluorobenzoxazolyl moiety for the purpose of improving in vivo efficacy while maintaining good aqueous solubility. As a result, we successfully increased in vitro activity in the presence of 3% human serum albumin and achieved an exquisite lipophilic and hydrophilic balance of compounds suitable for oral administrative regimen. The modification resulted in the identification of zwitterionic compound 7n with (5S)-[methoxy(methyl)amino]methylpyrrolidine, which significantly alleviated bronchial hyper-responsiveness to acetylcholine chloride at 12.5mg/kg, p.o. in a murine asthma model and showed favorable aqueous solubility (JP1, 89 μg/mL; JP2, 462 μg/mL). Furthermore, this compound showed good oral bioavailability (F=54%) in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Setoguchi
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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28
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Gérard E, Meulle A, Feron O, Marchand-Brynaert J. Diaryl ureaLDV peptidomimetics as α4β1integrin antagonists: synthesis, adhesion inhibition and toxicity evaluation on CCRF-CEM cell line. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Rettig MP, Ansstas G, DiPersio JF. Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using inhibitors of CXCR4 and VLA-4. Leukemia 2012; 26:34-53. [PMID: 21886173 PMCID: PMC3514440 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplant requires the infusion of a sufficient number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are capable of homing to the bone marrow cavity and regenerating durable trilineage hematopoiesis in a timely manner. Stem cells harvested from peripheral blood are the most commonly used graft source in HSCT. Although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the most frequently used agent for stem cell mobilization, the use of G-CSF alone results in suboptimal stem cell yields in a significant proportion of patients. Both the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the integrin α(4)β(1) (very late antigen 4 (VLA-4)) have important roles in the homing and retention of HSPCs within the bone marrow microenvironment. Preclinical and/or clinical studies have shown that targeted disruption of the interaction of CXCR4 or VLA-4 with their ligands results in the rapid and reversible mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral circulation and is synergistic when combined with G-CSF. In this review, we discuss the development of small-molecule CXCR4 and VLA-4 inhibitors and how they may improve the utility and convenience of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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30
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Identification of trans-4-[1-[[7-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-6-benzoxazolyl]acetyl]-(4S)-fluoro-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as a potent, orally active VLA-4 antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1201-12. [PMID: 22261021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of obtaining orally potent VLA-4 inhibitors, we have carried out structural modification of the (N'-phenylureido)phenyl group in compound 1, where the group was found to be attributed to poor pharmacokinetic profile in our previous research. Through modification, we have identified several compounds with both potent in vitro activity and improved oral exposure. In particular, compound 7e with 7-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1,3-benzoxazolyl group as a novel replacement of the (N'-phenylureido)phenyl group significantly inhibited eosinophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 15mg/kg in an Ascaris-antigen-induced murine bronchial inflammatory model, and its efficacy was comparable to that of the anti-mouse α(4) antibody (R1-2).
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31
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Chigaev A, Wu Y, Williams DB, Smagley Y, Sklar LA. Discovery of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, alpha4beta1 integrin) allosteric antagonists. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:5455-63. [PMID: 21131351 PMCID: PMC3037658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that mediate cell-to-cell, or cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion. They represent an attractive target for treatment of multiple diseases. Two classes of small molecule integrin inhibitors have been developed. Competitive antagonists bind directly to the integrin ligand binding pocket and thus disrupt the ligand-receptor interaction. Allosteric antagonists have been developed primarily for α(L)β(2)- integrin (LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1). Here we present the results of screening the Prestwick Chemical Library using a recently developed assay for the detection of α(4)β(1)-integrin allosteric antagonists. Secondary assays confirmed that the compounds identified: 1) do not behave like competitive (direct) antagonists; 2) decrease ligand binding affinity for VLA-4 ∼2 orders of magnitude; 3) exhibit antagonistic properties at low temperature. In a cell based adhesion assay in vitro, the compounds rapidly disrupted cellular aggregates. In accord with reports that VLA-4 antagonists in vivo induce mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors into the peripheral blood, we found that administration of one of the compounds significantly increased the number of colony-forming units in mice. This effect was comparable to AMD3100, a well known progenitor mobilizing agent. Because all the identified compounds are structurally related, previously used, or currently marketed drugs, this result opens a range of therapeutic possibilities for VLA-4-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chigaev
- From the Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Yang Wu
- From the Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - D. Bart Williams
- From the Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Yelena Smagley
- From the Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- From the Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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32
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Semko CM, Chen L, Dressen DB, Dreyer ML, Dunn W, Farouz FS, Freedman SB, Holsztynska EJ, Jefferies M, Konradi AW, Liao A, Lugar J, Mutter L, Pleiss MA, Quinn KP, Thompson T, Thorsett ED, Vandevert C, Xu YZ, Yednock TA. Discovery of a potent, orally bioavailable pyrimidine VLA-4 antagonist effective in a sheep asthma model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1741-3. [PMID: 21316228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenylalanine VLA-4 antagonists is described. Optimization of substituents at the 2 and 5 positions of the pyrimidine ring gave 14, a very potent VLA-4 inhibitor which is orally active in a sheep asthma model.
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Abstract
The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has rapidly evolved over the last few years and continues to do so. Prior to the United States Food and Drug Administration approval of the immunomodulatory agent, interferon-beta1b in 1993, no other drug had been shown to alter the course of the disease in a controlled study of MS. At present, there are five licenced disease-modifying agents in MS - interferon-beta1b, interferon-beta1a, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab and mitoxantrone. All have shown significant therapeutic efficacy in large controlled trials. However, current therapies are only partially effective and are not free from adverse effects. Moreover, available DMTs are overwhelmingly biased in favour of those with relapsing-remitting disease. Effective treatment for progressive MS is severely limited, with only interferon-beta1b and mitoxantrone having licenced use in secondary progressive, but not primary progressive disease. Monoclonal antibodies, such as natalizumab selectively target immune pathways involved in the pathogenic process of MS. Alemtuzumab, daclizumab and rituximab are other notable monoclonal antibodies currently undergoing phase II and III trials in MS. Alemtuzumab has so far shown promising therapeutic benefit in relapsing disease, although immunological adverse effects have been a problem. Oral therapies have the benefit of improved tolerability and patient compliance compared with current parenteral treatments. Cladribine and fingolimod (FTY720) have shown encouraging results in their phase III clinical trials. It is also worth noting the evidence for starting DMT in patients with clinically isolated syndrome, whereby early treatment has shown to delay the onset of clinically definite MS in separate phase III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lim
- University of Nottingham, UK
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34
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Muro F, Iimura S, Sugimoto Y, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Setoguchi M, Iigou Y, Matsumoto K, Satoh A, Takayama G, Taira T, Yokoyama M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. Discovery of trans-4-[1-[[2,5-Dichloro-4-(1-methyl-3-indolylcarboxamido)phenyl]acetyl]-(4S)-methoxy-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: an orally active, selective very late antigen-4 antagonist. J Med Chem 2010; 52:7974-92. [PMID: 19891440 DOI: 10.1021/jm901154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on optimization of the inadequate pharmacokinetic profile of trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 5, which is commonly observed in many small molecule very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists. We modified the lipophilic moiety in 5 and found that reducing the polar surface area of this moiety results in improvement of the PK profile. Consequently, our efforts have led to the discovery of trans-4-[1-[[2,5-dichloro-4-(1-methyl-3-indolylcarboxamido)phenyl]acetyl]-(4S)-methoxy-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (14e) with potent activity (IC(50) = 5.4 nM) and significantly improved bioavailability in rats, dogs, and monkeys (100%, 91%, 68%), which demonstrated excellent oral efficacy in murine and guinea pig models of asthma. Based on its overall profile, compound 14e was progressed into clinical trails. In a single ascending-dose phase I clinical study, compound 14e exhibited favorable oral exposure as expected and had no serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Muro
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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35
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Njus BH, Chigaev A, Waller A, Wlodek D, Ostopovici-Halip L, Ursu O, Wang W, Oprea TI, Bologa CG, Sklar LA. Conformational mAb as a tool for integrin ligand discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2009; 7:507-15. [PMID: 19754304 PMCID: PMC3096548 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2009.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha(4)beta(1)-Integrin (very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)) mediates cell adhesion to cell surface ligands (VCAM-1). Binding of VLA-4 to VCAM-1 initiates rolling and firm adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium followed by the extravasation into the tissue. VLA-4-dependent adhesion plays a key role in controlling leukocyte adhesive events. Small molecules that bind to the integrin ligand-binding site and block its interaction with natural ligands represent promising candidates for treatment of several diseases. Following a flow cytometric screen for small molecule discovery, we took advantage of a conformationally sensitive anti-beta(1)-integrin antibody (HUTS-21) and a small LDV-containing ligand (LDV-FITC) with known affinity to study binding affinities of several known and recently discovered integrin ligands. We found that binding of the LDV-containing small molecule induced exposure of HUTS-21 epitope and that the EC(50) for antibody binding was equal to previously reported K(d) for fluorescent LDV (LDV-FITC). Thus, binding of HUTS-21 can be used to report ligand-binding site occupancy. We studied binding of two known integrin ligands (YLDV and TR14035), as well as of two novel compounds. EC(50) values for HUTS-21 binding showed good correlation with K(i)s determined in the competition assay with LDV-FITC for all ligands. A docking model suggests a common mode of binding for the small molecule VLA-4 ligands. This novel approach described here can be used to determine ligand-binding affinities for unlabeled integrin ligands, and can be adapted to a high-throughput screening format for identification of unknown integrin ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben H. Njus
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Anna Waller
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Danuta Wlodek
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Liliana Ostopovici-Halip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
- Romanian Academy—Institute of Chemistry, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Oleg Ursu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Tudor I. Oprea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Cristian G. Bologa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Alghisi GC, Rüegg C. Vascular Integrins in Tumor Angiogenesis: Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:113-35. [PMID: 16728329 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600698037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The notion that tumor angiogenesis may have therapeutic implications in the control of tumor growth was introduced by Dr. Judah Folkman in 1971. The approval of Avastin in 2004 as the first antiangiogenic systemic drug to treat cancer patients came as a validation of this visionary concept and opened new perspectives to the treatment of cancer. In addition, this success boosted the field to the quest for new therapeutic targets and antiangiogenic drugs. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that vascular integrins may be valid therapeutic targets. In preclinical studies, pharmacological inhibition of integrin function efficiently suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumor progression. alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 were the first vascular integrins targeted to suppress tumor angiogenesis. Subsequent experiments revealed that at least four additional integrins (i.e., alpha1beta1, alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1, and alpha6beta4) might be potential therapeutic targets. In clinical studies low-molecular-weight integrin inhibitors and anti-integrin function-blocking antibodies demonstrated low toxicity and good tolerability and are now being tested in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for anticancer activity in patients. In this article the authors review the role of integrins in angiogenesis, present recent development in the use of alphaVbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin antagonists as potential therapeutics in cancer, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Alghisi
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie (CePO), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Kanayama M, Kurotaki D, Morimoto J, Asano T, Matsui Y, Nakayama Y, Saito Y, Ito K, Kimura C, Iwasaki N, Suzuki K, Harada T, Li HM, Uehara J, Miyazaki T, Minami A, Kon S, Uede T. Alpha9 integrin and its ligands constitute critical joint microenvironments for development of autoimmune arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:8015-25. [PMID: 19494327 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin is critically involved in rheumatoid arthritis; however, the molecular cross-talk between osteopontin and joint cell components that leads to the inflammatory joint destruction is largely unknown. We found that not only osteopontin but also tenascin-C and their common receptor, alpha(9) integrin, are expressed at arthritic joints. The local production of osteopontin and tenascin-C is mainly due to synovial fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, synovial macrophages. Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages express alpha(9) integrin, and autocrine and paracrine interactions of alpha(9) integrin on synovial fibroblasts and macrophages and its ligands contribute differently to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. alpha(9) integrin is also involved in the recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Inhibition of alpha(9) integrin function with an anti-alpha(9) integrin Ab significantly reduces the production of arthrogenic cytokines and chemokines and ameliorates ongoing arthritis. Thus, we identified alpha(9) integrin as a critical intrinsic regulator that controls the development of autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kanayama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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38
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Abstract
Although critical for cell adhesion and migration during normal immune-mediated reactions, leukocyte integrins are also involved in the pathogenesis of diverse clinical conditions including autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Leukocyte integrins therefore have been targets for anti-adhesive therapies to treat the inflammatory disorders. Recently, the therapeutic potential of integrin antagonists has been demonstrated in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. However, current therapeutics broadly affect integrin functions and, thus, yield unfavorable side effects. This review discusses the major leukocyte integrins and the anti-adhesion strategies for treating immune diseases.
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Muro F, Iimura S, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Setoguchi M, Takayama G, Yokoyama M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. A novel and potent VLA-4 antagonist based on trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:1232-43. [PMID: 19124247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the course of our study, it was revealed that the poor pharmacokinetic properties of a series of benzoic acid derivatives such as 1 should be attributed to the diphenylurea moiety. Thus, we replaced the diphenylurea moiety in 1 with a 2-(2-methylphenylamino)benzoxazole moiety which mimics the diphenylurea structure. However, this modification resulted in a significant decrease (3, IC(50)=19 nM) in VLA-4 inhibitory activity compared to 1 (IC(50)=1.6 nM). To address this discrepancy, we worked on optimization of the carboxylic acid moiety in compound 3. As a result, our efforts have led to the discovery of trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivative 11b (IC(50)=2.8 nM) as a novel and potent VLA-4 antagonist. In addition, compound 11b exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties (CL=3.3 ml/min/kg, F=51%) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Muro
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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Identification of 4-[1-[3-chloro-4-[N'-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)ureido]phenylacetyl]-(4S)-fluoro-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]benzoic acid as a potent, orally active VLA-4 antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9991-10000. [PMID: 18952443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of benzoic acid derivatives by introducing substituents into the diphenyl urea moiety led to the identification of compound 20l as a potent VLA-4 antagonist. Compound 20l inhibited eosinophil infiltration into bronchial alveolar lavage fluid in a murine asthma model by oral dosing and its efficacy was comparable to anti-mouse alpha4 antibody (R1-2). Furthermore, this compound significantly blocked bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the model.
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41
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Davenport RJ, Munday JR. Blocking alpha4-integrins - A small molecule approach to treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2008; 274:27-30. [PMID: 18603264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of leukocyte trafficking using antibody blockade of the alpha4 (alpha4)-integrins has now been validated as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). This positive validation has led to the discovery of small molecule alpha4 antagonists that are progressing through clinical trials. The challenges in development of these antagonists will be discussed along with a clinical update on the most advanced candidates.
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Harriman GC, Brewer M, Bennett R, Kuhn C, Bazin M, Larosa G, Skerker P, Cochran N, Gallant D, Baxter D, Picarella D, Jaffee B, Luly JR, Briskin MJ. Selective cell adhesion inhibitors: Barbituric acid based α4β7—MAdCAM inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2509-12. [PMID: 18331794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee J, Hong J, Nam TG, Peters EC, Orth AP, Geierstanger BH, Goldfinger LE, Ginsberg MH, Cho CY, Schultz PG. A small molecule inhibitor of alpha4 integrin-dependent cell migration. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:977-80. [PMID: 18329275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A small molecule inhibitor of alpha4 integrin-dependent cell migration was identified through a cell-based screen of small molecule libraries. Biochemical and cellular experiments suggest that this molecule functions by interacting with gamma-parvin. This molecule should serve as a useful tool to study alpha4 integrin signaling and may lead to new therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkook Lee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Arthos J, Cicala C, Martinelli E, Macleod K, Van Ryk D, Wei D, Xiao Z, Veenstra TD, Conrad TP, Lempicki RA, McLaughlin S, Pascuccio M, Gopaul R, McNally J, Cruz CC, Censoplano N, Chung E, Reitano KN, Kottilil S, Goode DJ, Fauci AS. HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells. Nat Immunol 2008; 9:301-9. [PMID: 18264102 DOI: 10.1038/ni1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) results in the dissemination of virus to gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Subsequently, HIV-1 mediates massive depletion of gut CD4+ T cells, which contributes to HIV-1-induced immune dysfunction. The migration of lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue is mediated by integrin alpha4beta7. We demonstrate here that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 bound to an activated form of alpha4beta7. This interaction was mediated by a tripeptide in the V2 loop of gp120, a peptide motif that mimics structures presented by the natural ligands of alpha4beta7. On CD4+ T cells, engagement of alpha4beta7 by gp120 resulted in rapid activation of LFA-1, the central integrin involved in the establishment of virological synapses, which facilitate efficient cell-to-cell spreading of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Gong Y, Kent Barbay J, Kimball ES, Santulli RJ, Carolyn Fisher M, Dyatkin AB, Miskowski TA, Hornby PJ, He W. Synthesis and SAR of pyridazinone-substituted phenylalanine amide α4 integrin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1331-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
This review considers biochemical aspects of inflammation. The international literature until December 2006 has been analyzed, with the principal attention paid to the most dynamic problems: enzymology of inflammation, its regulation by hormones and signal transducers, and negative feedbacks, which underlie intensive current studies on pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy of inflammation. Such achievements as discoveries of defensins, toll-like receptors, interconnections of inflammation and iron metabolism, the roles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, lipoxins, inflammatory components of "non-inflammatory" diseases, and action mechanisms of effective drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Kulinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk 664003, Russia.
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Lee S, Chung J, Ha IS, Yi K, Lee JE, Kang HG, Choi I, Oh KH, Kim JY, Surh CD, Ahn C. Hydrogen peroxide increases human leukocyte adhesion to porcine aortic endothelial cells via NF B-dependent up-regulation of VCAM-1. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1349-59. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Bazan-Socha S, Bukiej A, Pulka G, Marcinkiewicz C, Musial J. Increased expression of collagen receptors: alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins on blood eosinophils in bronchial asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 36:1184-91. [PMID: 16961719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are one of the major effector cells in bronchial asthma. Their infiltration of airways correlates with the asthma severity. Recruitment and activation of eosinophils are partially mediated by integrins alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7. Collagens type I and IV constitute important components of extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane, respectively. Therefore, collagen-binding integrins (alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1) may also play a role in eosinophil lung infiltration. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible presence of alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins on peripheral blood eosinophils from asthmatic subjects. METHODS Collagen receptors were studied on eosinophils separated by immunomagnetic CD16-negative method from healthy donors (n=13) and patients with moderate persistent atopic bronchial asthma (n=15). Surface receptor identification was performed by flow cytometry and cell adhesion assay. RESULTS Eosinophils isolated from the patients showed increased expression of both alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins as compared with healthy controls. Moreover, adhesive function of eosinophils to collagen type IV was inhibited by snake venom disintegrins: viperistatin and obtustatin. These disintegrins contain KTS active motif and are specific inhibitors of alpha1beta1 integrin. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that collagen receptors: alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins are overexpressed on the surface of peripheral blood eosinophils of asthmatic subjects. Further studies may reveal potential application of KTS-disintegrins or their structural analogs for therapy of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bazan-Socha
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
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Fan X, Venegas R, Fey R, van der Heyde H, Bernard MA, Lazarides E, Woods CM. An in vivo approach to structure activity relationship analysis of peptide ligands. Pharm Res 2007; 24:868-79. [PMID: 17377744 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goals in this study were several-fold. First, to optimize the in vivo phage display methodology by incorporating phage pharmacokinetic properties, to isolate peptides that target the brain microvasculature, and then to build focused libraries to obtain structure activity relationship information in vivo to identify the optimal targeting motif. MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood pharmacokinetics of filamentous and T7 phage were evaluated to choose the optimal platform. A randomized peptide library with a motif CX(10)C was constructed in T7 phage and used for in vivo panning. Focused peptide libraries around each structural element of the brain-specific peptide were constructed to perform kinetic structure activity relationship (kSAR) analysis in vivo. To determine potential function, sepsis was induced in mice by LPS administration and four hours later the effect of GST-peptide on adhesion of rhodamine-labelled lymphocytes or CFDA-labelled platelets to pial microvasculature was observed by intravital microscopy. RESULTS The blood phamacokinetics of T7 was rapid (half-life of 12 min) which aids the clearance of non-specific phage. In vivo panning in brain enriched for isolates expressing the motif CAGALCY. Kinetic analysis of focused libraries built around each structural element of the peptide provided for rapid pharmacophore mapping. The computer modeling data suggested the peptide showed similarities to peptide mimetics of adhesion molecule ligands. GST-CAGALCY but not GST control protein was able to inhibit the rolling and adhesion of labeled platelets to inflamed pial vasculature. GST-CAGALCY had no effect on lymphocyte adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating normal blood phamacokinetics of T7 phage into in vivo phage display improves the ability to recover targeting peptide motifs and allows effective lead optimization by kSAR. This approach led to the isolation of a brain-specific peptide, CAGALCY, which appears to function as an effective antagonist of platelet adhesion to activated pial microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Fan
- AvantGen, Inc., 9924 Mesa Rim Rd, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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50
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Liu R, Peng L, Han H, Lam KS. Structure-activity relationship studies of a series of peptidomimetic ligands for alpha(4) beta(1) integrin on Jurkat T-leukemia cells. Biopolymers 2007; 84:595-604. [PMID: 17041919 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
alpha(4)beta(1) integrin is a therapeutic target for inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and lymphoid cancers. A series of peptidomimetic ligands based on the Nle-D-I motif have been synthesized and their binding affinities (IC(50)) to activated alpha(4)beta(1) integrin on Jurkat T-leukemia cells have been determined using a cell adhesion assay. One of the 51 ligands, 18, has been determined to have an IC(50) of 0.6 nM and has a more than twofold increase of binding affinity than the initial lead compound 1. Extensive SAR studies provide important information for further ligand optimization, which has served as a foundation for studies that ultimately led to identification of a potent ligand with an IC(50) of 2 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwu Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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