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Ruiz-Saavedra S, Salazar N, Suárez A, Diaz Y, González Del Rey C, González S, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Human fecal alpha-glucosidase activity and its relationship with gut microbiota profiles and early stages of intestinal mucosa damage. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102853. [PMID: 38614290 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated potential relationships among initial lesions of the intestinal mucosa, fecal enzymatic activities and microbiota profiles. METHODS Fecal samples from 54 volunteers were collected after recruitment among individuals participating in a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program in our region (Northern Spain) or attending for consultation due to clinical symptoms; intestinal mucosa samples were resected during colonoscopy. Enzymatic activities were determined in fecal supernatants by a semi-quantitative method. The fecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. The results were compared between samples from clinical diagnosis groups (controls and polyps), according with the type of polyp (hyperplastic polyps or conventional adenomas) and considering the grade of dysplasia for conventional adenomas (low and high grade dysplasia). RESULTS High levels of α-glucosidase activity were more frequent among samples from individuals diagnosed with intestinal polyps, reaching statistical significance for conventional adenomas and for low grade dysplasia adenomas when compared to controls. Regarding the microbiota profiles, higher abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7 group and Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002 were found in fecal samples displaying low α-glucosidase activity as compared with those with higher activity as well as in controls with respect to conventional adenomas. A relationship was evidenced among intestinal mucosal lesions, gut glucosidase activities and intestinal microbiota profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a relationship among altered fecal α-glucosidase levels, the presence of intestinal mucosal lesions, which can be precursors of CRC, and shifts in defined microbial groups of the fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain; Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain; Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adolfo Suárez
- Digestive Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain; Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ylenia Diaz
- Digestive Service, Carmen and Severo Ochoa Hospital, Cangas del Narcea, Spain
| | - Carmen González Del Rey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain; Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Tian LL, Bi YX, Wang C, Zhu K, Xu DF, Zhang H. Bioassay-guided discovery and identification of new potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from Morus alba L. and the interaction mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117645. [PMID: 38147942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus alba L. (mulberry) is a well-known medicinal species that has been used by herbalist doctors for the treatment of diabetes for a long history, and modern ethnopharmacological studies have demonstrated the ameliorating effects of different mulberry extracts toward diabetes-related symptoms and identified a number of α-glucosidase inhibitors as hypoglycemic ingredients. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to explore new potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from the root bark of M. alba (known as Sang-Bai-Pi in traditional medicine) based on an in vivo antidiabetic evaluation of its extract fractions and further characterize the preliminary mechanism of the new active constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS α-Glucosidase inhibitory assay and diabetic mice model were used to locate and evaluate the active fractions from the extract. Diverse separation techniques (e.g. Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograph (CC) and HPLC) and spectroscopic methods (e.g. MS, NMR and ECD) were employed to isolate and structurally characterize the obtained constituents, respectively. Fluorescence quenching, kinetics and molecular docking experiments were conducted to investigate the enzyme inhibitory mechanism of the active compounds. RESULTS The 80% ethanol eluate from the macroporous resin CC exerted good antidiabetic effects in the tested mice. Fifty-two flavonoids including 22 new ones were then separated and identified, and most of them showed strong inhibition against α-glucosidase with their structure-activity relationship being also discussed. The four new most active ingredients were further characterized to be mixed type of α-glucosidase inhibitors, and their binding modes with the enzyme were also explored. CONCLUSIONS Our current work has demonstrated that the root bark of M. alba is an extremely rich source of flavonoids as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors and potential antidiabetic agents, which makes it a promising candidate species to develop new natural remedies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Tian
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yan-Xue Bi
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - De-Feng Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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3
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Wang H, Huang X, Pan Y, Zhang G, Tang S, Shao H, Jiao W. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Dihydrofuro[3,2- b]piperidine Derivatives as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:1179. [PMID: 38474691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycoside hydrolases has widespread application in the treatment of diabetes. Based on our previous findings, a series of dihydrofuro[3,2-b]piperidine derivatives was designed and synthesized from D- and L-arabinose. Compounds 32 (IC50 = 0.07 μM) and 28 (IC50 = 0.5 μM) showed significantly stronger inhibitory potency against α-glucosidase than positive control acarbose. The study of the structure-activity relationship of these compounds provides a new clue for the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Hongyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linhai 317016, China
| | - Xiaojiang Huang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Senling Tang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jiang Y, Liu F, Zhang D, Fu X, Chen S, Wei M, Li Z, Lei H, Niu H. Identification of Novel -Glucosidase Inhibitors from Syzygium jambos (L.) Using Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:73-82. [PMID: 38006459 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Fruits of Syzygium jambos (L.) are recognized as a "food", exhibiting significant antidiabetic activities. However, the α-glucosidase inhibition of the components from Syzygium jambos (L.) have not yet been investigated. In this study, a total of 14 compounds were isolated from Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, eight of which showed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, with IC50 values in the range of 0.011-0.665 mM. Notably, compounds 1-3 (IC50: 0.013, 0.011 and 0.030 mM, respectively) exhibited much stronger activity than acarbose (IC50: 2.329 ± 0.109 mM). The enzyme kinetics study indicated that compound 1 was an uncompetitive inhibitor, and compounds 2-8 were mixed-type inhibitors. Moreover, the interactions between compounds and α-glucosidase were investigated by molecular docking, which further revealed that the number of olefin double bonds and 2-COOH of heptadeca-phenols had a notable effect on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study demonstrated that Syzygium jambos (L.) fruit might serve as a functional food for the prevention of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mei Wei
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hong Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Dinesh S, Sharma S, Chourasiya R. Therapeutic Applications of Plant and Nutraceutical-Based Compounds for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e050523216593. [PMID: 37151065 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230505140206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a condition caused by a deficiency in insulin production or sensitivity that is defined by persistent hyperglycemia as well as disturbances in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Uncurbed diabetes or incessant hyperglycemic condition can lead to severe complications, including renal damage, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, etc., which promotes diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality rates. The therapeutic management of diabetes includes conventional medications and nutraceuticals as complementary therapies. Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds derived from food sources that have health-promoting properties and are instrumental in the management and treatment of various maladies. Nutraceuticals are clinically exploited to tackle DM pathogenesis, and the clinical evidence suggests that nutraceuticals can modulate biochemical parameters related to diabetes pathogenesis and comorbidities. Hypoglycemic medicines are designed to mitigate DM in traditional medicinal practice. This review intends to emphasize and comment on the various therapeutic strategies available to manage this chronic condition, conventional drugs, and the potential role of nutraceuticals in managing the complexity of the disease and reducing the risk of complications. In contrast to conventional antihyperglycemic drugs, nutraceutical supplements offer a higher efficacy and lesser adverse effects. To substantiate the efficacy and safety of various functional foods in conjunction with conventional hypoglycemic medicines, additional data from clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, 560043, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, 560043, India
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Ritu, Sharma P, Gupta GD, Asati V. Design, synthesis and antidiabetic study of triazole clubbed indole derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106750. [PMID: 37499530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
α -Glucosidase is an enzyme present near the brush boundary of the small intestine that is essential in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates to glucose. Because inhibiting this enzyme slows the release of glucose, α-Glucosidase inhibitors are appealing medications for treating diabetes as a carbohydrate-related illness. The present study includes the design, synthesis and antidiabetic potential of novel triazole based indole derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitor. Among them, the compound R1 was found to be most potent with promising candidate with IC50 value of 10.1 μM and R2 and R3 showed the good inhibitory potency with IC50 values 12.95 μM, 11.35 μM, respectively when compared to the standard drug acarbose having IC50 value of 13.5 μM. In in vivo studies, body weight of the mice was increased when compared to standard drug acarbose, the blood glucose level of the mice was decreased, same as the total cholesterol level, LDL, and triglycerides level decreased in comparison to standard drug. The level HDL was increased as it is a good cholesterol in comparison to standard drug acarbose. Furthermore, these synthesized compounds were docked with α-glucosidase using PDB ID:3WY1 which showed that compound R1 having good docking score -6.734 kcal/mol and compound R2, R3 showed docking score -6.14, -6.10 kcal/mol, respectively when compared with standard acarbose having docking score -4.55 kcal/mol. R1 showed the similar interaction with amino acid PHE166, GLU271, comparison with standard drug Acarbose. The synthesized compounds have been confirmed for antidiabetic activity and may be used for further development of potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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7
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Begum N, Khan QU, Liu LG, Li W, Liu D, Haq IU. Nutritional composition, health benefits and bio-active compounds of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1218468. [PMID: 37854353 PMCID: PMC10580981 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1218468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an annual plant of the family Fabaceae is mainly grown in semiarid and temperate regions. Among pulses, cultivated worldwide chickpeas are considered an inexpensive and rich source of protein. Chickpea is a good source of protein and carbohydrate, fiber, and important source of essential minerals and vitamins. The quality of protein is better among other pulses. Consumption of chickpeas is related to beneficial health outcomes. Dietary peptides from the protein of chickpeas gaining more attention. Peptides can be obtained through acid, alkali, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Among all these, enzymatic hydrolysis is considered safe. Various enzymes are used for the production of peptides, i.e., flavorzyme, chymotrypsin, pepsin, alcalase, papain, and trypsin either alone or in combinations. Chickpea hydrolysate and peptides have various bioactivity including angiotensin 1-converting enzyme inhibition, digestive diseases, hypocholesterolemic, CVD, antioxidant activity, type 2 diabetes, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic activity. This review summarizes the nutritional composition and bioactivity of hydrolysate and peptides obtained from chickpea protein. The literature shows that chickpea peptides and hydrolysate have various functional activities. But due to the limited research and technology, the sequences of peptides are unknown, due to which it is difficult to conduct the mechanism studies that how these peptides interact. Therefore, emphasis must be given to the optimization of the production of chickpea bioactive peptides, in vivo studies of chickpea bioactivity, and conducting human study trials to check the bioactivity of these peptides and hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Begum
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah Khan
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leyna G. Liu
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Wenwen Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ijaz Ul Haq
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Tariq HZ, Saeed A, Ullah S, Fatima N, Halim SA, Khan A, El-Seedi HR, Ashraf MZ, Latif M, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of novel coumarin-hydrazone hybrids as α-glucosidase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26229-26238. [PMID: 37670997 PMCID: PMC10475976 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03953f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and more than 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type-2 diabetes, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. α-Glucosidase inhibition has become an appropriate approach to tackle high blood glucose levels. The current study was focused on synthesizing coumarin-hydrazone hybrids (7a-i) by using facile chemical reactions. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR. To evaluate their anti-diabetic capability, all of the conjugates were screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to reveal their therapeutic importance. All of the compounds (except 7b) demonstrated significant enzyme inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging between 2.39-57.52 μM, as compared to the standard inhibitor, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Among them, compound 7c is the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.39 ± 0.05 μM). Additionally, molecular docking was employed to scrutinize the binding pattern of active compounds within the α-glucosidase binding site. The in silico analysis reflects that hydrazone moiety is an essential pharmacophore for the binding of compounds with the active site residues of the enzyme. This study demonstrates that compounds 7c and 7f deserve further molecular optimization for potential application in diabetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Zara Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom 32512 Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
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Liu XW, Shi TY, Gao D, Ma CY, Lin H, Yan D, Deng KJ. iPADD: A Computational Tool for Predicting Potential Antidiabetic Drugs Using Machine Learning Algorithms. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4960-4969. [PMID: 37499224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, which causes an imbalance in blood glucose homeostasis and further leads to severe complications. With the increasing population of diabetes, there is an urgent need to develop drugs to treat diabetes. The development of artificial intelligence provides a powerful tool for accelerating the discovery of antidiabetic drugs. This work aims to establish a predictor called iPADD for discovering potential antidiabetic drugs. In the predictor, we used four kinds of molecular fingerprints and their combinations to encode the drugs and then adopted minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (mRMR) combined with an incremental feature selection strategy to screen optimal features. Based on the optimal feature subset, eight machine learning algorithms were applied to train models by using 5-fold cross-validation. The best model could produce an accuracy (Acc) of 0.983 with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC) value of 0.989 on an independent test set. To further validate the performance of iPADD, we selected 65 natural products for case analysis, including 13 natural products in clinical trials as positive samples and 52 natural products as negative samples. Except for abscisic acid, our model can give correct prediction results. Molecular docking illustrated that quercetin and resveratrol stably bound with the diabetes target NR1I2. These results are consistent with the model prediction results of iPADD, indicating that the machine learning model has a strong generalization ability. The source code of iPADD is available at https://github.com/llllxw/iPADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tian-Yu Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dong Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cai-Yi Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke-Jun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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10
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Emadi M, Mosavizadeh-Marvest F, Asadipour A, Pourshojaei Y, Hosseini S, Mojtabavi S, Faramarzi MA, Larijani B, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mahdavi M. Indole-carbohydrazide linked phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide derivatives as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition, and computational studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:56. [PMID: 37316931 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new series of indole-carbohydrazide-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide hybrids 11a-o was designed based on molecular hybridization of the active pharmacophores of the potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. These compounds were synthesized and evaluated against α-glucosidase. METHODS The 15 various derivatives of indole-carbohydrazide-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide scaffold were synthesized, purified, and fully characterized. These derivatives were evaluated against yeast α-glucosidase in vitro and in silico. ADMET properties of the most potent compounds were also predicted. RESULTS All new derivatives 11a-o (IC50 values = 6.31 ± 0.03-49.89 ± 0.09 µM) are excellent α-glucosidase inhibitors in comparison to acarbose (IC50 value = 750.0 ± 10.0 µM) that was used as a positive control. Representatively, (E)-2-(4-((4-((2-(1H-indole-2-carbonyl)hydrazono)methyl) phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 11d with IC50 = 6.31 µM against MCF-7 cells, was 118.8-times more potent than acarbose. This compound is an uncompetitive inhibitor against α-glucosidase and showed the lowest binding energy at the active site of this enzyme in comparison to other potent compounds. Furthermore, computational calculations predicted that compound 11d can be an orally active compound. CONCLUSION According to obtained data, compound 11d can be a valuable lead compound for further structural development and assessments to obtain effective and potent new α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Emadi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Mosavizadeh-Marvest
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Asadipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rasool S, Al Meslmani B, Alajlani M. Determination of Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic and Nephroprotective Effects of Berberis Calliobotrys in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083533. [PMID: 37110767 PMCID: PMC10146706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants of the Berberis genus have been reported pharmacologically to possess anti-diabetic potential, and Berberis calliobotrys has been found to be an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase. Thus, this study investigated the hypoglycemic effects of Berberis calliobotrys methanol extract/fractions using in vitro and In vivo methods. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA-methylglyoxal and BSA-glucose methods were used to assess anti-glycation activity in vitro, while in vivo hypoglycemic effects were determined by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Moreover, the hypolipidemic and nephroprotective effects were studied and phenolics were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro anti-glycation showed a significant reduction in glycated end-products formation at 1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL. In vivo hypoglycemic effects were tested at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg by measuring blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1c. The synergistic effect of extract/fractions (600 mg/kg) with insulin exhibited a pronounced glucose reduction in alloxan diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) demonstrated a decline in glucose concentration. Moreover, extract/fractions (600 mg/kg) exhibited an improved lipid profile, increased Hb, HbA1c levels and body weight for 30 days. Furthermore, diabetic animals significantly exhibited an upsurge in total protein, albumin and globulin levels, along with a significant improvement in urea and creatinine after extract/fractions administration for 42 days. Phytochemistry revealed alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and saponins. HPLC showed the presence of phenolics in ethyl acetate fraction that could be accountable for pharmacological actions. Therefore, it can be concluded that Berberis calliobotrys possesses strong hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and nephroprotective effects, and could be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Rasool
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bassam Al Meslmani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauer Street 4., 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Muaaz Alajlani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Sham Private University, Al-Tal 5910011, Syria
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12
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Lin J, Xiao D, Lu L, Liang B, Xiong Z, Xu X. New β-carboline derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitor: Synthesis and biological activity evaluation. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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13
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Design, synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibition study of novel pyridazin-based derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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14
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An X, Yang X, Ding X, Ju S, Zhang B, Lin Z. Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids tablets for diabetes mellitus: A regulatory perspective. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105444. [PMID: 36739921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The reform of the review and approval system for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) continues to advance with the introduction of a new registration classification and the establishment of a review and approval evidence system. This new registration process established a novel review and approval evidence system, which combines the TCM theory, human use experience and clinical trials. Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids Tablets are a brand new drug. It is the first botanical natural hypoglycemic drug, and a new model of TCM review and approval evidence system has gradually been developed through contemporary research. In this paper, we discuss the registration process of new Chinese medicine drugs under the "three integrated review and approval system", retrace the development process of Mulberry alkaloid tablets, and discuss the opportunities and challenges encountered under the "three integrated" evidence system to provide feasible strategies and reference models for the development of Chinese medicine and the development of botanical drugs in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye An
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueli Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shanshan Ju
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhijian Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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15
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Zhang J, Zhang B, Cai L, Liu L. New Dibenzo- α-pyrone Derivatives with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from the Marine-Derived Fungus Alternaria alternata. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120778. [PMID: 36547925 PMCID: PMC9785194 DOI: 10.3390/md20120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new dibenzo-α-pyrone derivatives, alternolides A-C (1-3), and seven known congeners (4-10) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus of Alternaria alternata LW37 assisted by the one strain-many compounds (OSMAC) strategy. The structures of 1-3 were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by modified Snatzke's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 6 and 7 showed good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant scavenging activities with IC50 values of 83.94 ± 4.14 and 23.60 ± 1.23 µM, respectively. Additionally, 2, 3 and 7 exhibited inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 725.85 ± 4.75, 451.25 ± 6.95 and 6.27 ± 0.68 µM, respectively. The enzyme kinetics study indicated 2 and 3 were mixed-type inhibitors of α-glucosidase with Ki values of 347.0 and 108.5 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the interactions of 2, 3 and 7 with α-glucosidase were investigated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-64807043
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16
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Phytochemistry, anti-diabetic and antioxidant potentials of Allium consanguineum Kunth. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:154. [PMID: 35698061 PMCID: PMC9190144 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study was planned to investigate the phytochemicals, antidiabetic and antioxidant studies of A. consanguineum. Methods The preliminary studies were performed on crude extract and different solvent fractions. Based on the potency, the chloroform fraction was semi-purified to phyto-fractions CHF-1 – 5. Furthermore, CHF-3 was subjected to isolation of pure compounds using column chromatography. The α-glucosidase, α-amylase and antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2) were performed on all samples. The in-vivo experiments on compounds 1 and 2 were also performed using oral glucose tolerance test. Docking studies were performed on α-glucosidase and α-amylase targets. Results Among all fractions, the chloroform fraction exhibited excellent activities profile giving IC50 values of 824, 55, 117, 58 and 85 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 targets respectively. Among the five semi-purified chloroform phyto-fractions (CHF-1-5), CHF-3 was the leading fraction in activities giving IC50 values of 85.54, 61.19 and 26.58 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPPH respectively. Based on the overall potency and physical amount of CHF-3, it was subjected to purification to get compounds 1 and 2. The two compounds were also found potent in in-vitro activities. The observed IC50 values for compound 1 were 7.93, 28.01 and 6.19 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPPH respectively. Similarly, the compound 2 exhibited IC50 of 14.63, 24.82 and 7.654 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPPH respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were potent in decreasing the blood glucose levels in experimental animals. Compounds 1 and 2 also showed interactions with the respective enzymes with molecular docking. Conclusions We can conclude that A. Consanguineum is a rich source of natural antidiabetic agents. Bioguided isolation of compound 1 and 2 showed potential inhibitions in all tested in-vitro antidiabetic targets. Further, both the compounds were also able to decrease the blood glucose levels in experimental animals.
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17
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Wang X, Li J, Shang J, Bai J, Wu K, Liu J, Yang Z, Ou H, Shao L. Metabolites extracted from microorganisms as potential inhibitors of glycosidases (α-glucosidase and α-amylase): A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050869. [PMID: 36466660 PMCID: PMC9712454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase and α-amylase are the two main glycosidases that participate in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Inhibitors of these two enzymes are considered an important medical treatment for carbohydrate uptake disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. Microbes are an important source of constituents that have the potential to inhibit glycosidases and can be used as sources of new drugs and dietary supplements. For example, the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, isolated from Actinoplanes sp., has played an important role in adequately controlling type 2 diabetes, but this class of marketed drugs has many drawbacks, such as poor compliance with treatment and expense. This demonstrates the need for new microorganism-derived resources, as well as novel classes of drugs with better compliance, socioeconomic benefits, and safety. This review introduces the literature on microbial sources of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors, with a focus on endophytes and marine microorganisms, over the most recent 5 years. This paper also reviews the application of glycosidase inhibitors as drugs and dietary supplements. These studies will contribute to the future development of new microorganism-derived glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Shang
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Mehmood R, Mughal EU, Elkaeed EB, Obaid RJ, Nazir Y, Al-Ghulikah HA, Naeem N, Al-Rooqi MM, Ahmed SA, Shah SWA, Sadiq A. Synthesis of Novel 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-Benzothiazepines as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: In Vitro, In Vivo, Kinetic, SAR, Molecular Docking, and QSAR Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30215-30232. [PMID: 36061741 PMCID: PMC9435035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives 1B-14B has been synthesized sand characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the target analogues were assessed using in vitro and in vivo mechanism-based assays. The tested compounds 1B-14B exhibited in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase with IC50 = 2.62 ± 0.16 to 10.11 ± 0.32 μM as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 37.38 ± 1.37 μM). Kinetic studies of the most active derivatives 2B and 3B illustrated competitive inhibitions. Based on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, the compounds 2B, 3B, 6B, 7B, 12B, 13B, and 14B were chosen in vivo for further evaluation of antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. All these evaluated compounds demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity and were found to be nontoxic in nature. Moreover, the molecular docking study was performed to elucidate the binding interactions of most active analogues with the various sites of the α-glucosidase enzyme (PDB ID 3AJ7). Additionally, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed based on the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The value of correlation coefficient (r) 0.9553 shows that there was a good correlation between the 1B-14B structures and selected properties. There is a correlation between the experimental and theoretical results. Thus, these novel compounds could serve as potential candidates to become leads for the development of new drugs provoking an anti-hyperglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Mehmood
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | | | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami J. Obaid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Hanan A. Al-Ghulikah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Munirah M. Al-Rooqi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
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19
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Succinimide Derivatives as Antioxidant Anticholinesterases, Anti-α-Amylase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6726438. [PMID: 35942378 PMCID: PMC9356783 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6726438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the diverse pharmacological potency and the structural features of succinimide, this research considered to synthesize succinimide derivatives. Moreover, these compounds were estimated for their biological potential in terms of anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-oxidant capacities. The compounds were synthesized through Michael addition of various ketones to N-aryl maleimides. Similarly, the MOE software was used for the molecular docking study to explore the binding mode of the potent compounds against different enzymes. In the anti-cholinesterase activity, the compounds MSJ2 and MSJ10 exhibited outstanding activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), i.e., 91.90, 93.20%, and against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), i.e., 97.30, 91.36% inhibitory potentials, respectively. The compounds MSJ9 and MSJ10 exhibited prominent α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials, i.e., 87.63 and 89.37 with IC50 value of 32 and 28.04 μM, respectively. Moreover, the compounds MSJ2 and MSJ10 revealed significant scavenging activity against DPPH free radicals with IC50 values of 2.59 and 2.52, while against ABTS displayed excellent scavenging potential with IC50 values 7.32 and 3.29 μM, respectively. The tentative results are added with molecular docking studies in the active sites of enzymes to predict the theoretical protein-ligand binding modes. Further detailed mechanism-based studies in animal models are essential for the in vivo evaluation of the potent compound.
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20
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Ansari P, Choudhury ST, Seidel V, Rahman AB, Aziz MA, Richi AE, Rahman A, Jafrin UH, Hannan JMA, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin in the Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081146. [PMID: 36013325 PMCID: PMC9409999 DOI: 10.3390/life12081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is spreading alarmingly around the globe. Type-2 DM (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance and is closely linked to obesity. T2DM is mainly controlled by lifestyle/dietary changes and oral antidiabetic drugs but requires insulin in severe cases. Many of the drugs that are currently used to treat DM are costly and present adverse side effects. Several cellular, animal, and clinical studies have provided compelling evidence that flavonoids have therapeutic potential in the management of diabetes and its complications. Quercetin is a flavonoid, present in various natural sources, which has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic properties. It improves oral glucose tolerance, as well as pancreatic β-cell function to secrete insulin. It inhibits the α-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes, which prolong the half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Quercetin also suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mode(s) of action of quercetin at the molecular level. This review demonstrates the therapeutic potential of quercetin in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-132-387-9720
| | - Samara T. Choudhury
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Akib Bin Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Anika E. Richi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Ayesha Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Umme H. Jafrin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
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21
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Pandey NK, Singh SK, Kumar B, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Dureja H, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Sharma A, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Gupta S, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K. Expanding arsenal against diabetes mellitus through nanoformulations loaded with glimepiride and simvastatin: A comparative study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51976-51988. [PMID: 35254621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common and life-threatening diseases found across the globe. It occurs due to insulin resistance (IR). Major causes of IR include obesity, sedentary life style and hyperlipidemia. Glimepiride (GLM) is one of the most common oral sulphonyl ureas that is being used to treat diabetes and Simvastatin (SIM) is one of the most common statins that is used to treat hyperlipidaemia. However, both the drugs suffer from dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability. Hence, the aim of present study was to develop two different nanoformulations viz. nanosuspension and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and evaluate their potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus on streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats. In the present study two such drugs, GLM and SIM were co-formulated into nanosuspension (NS) as well as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (L-SNEDDS). Both formulations were spray dried for solidification and evaluated for their antidiabetic potential against high fat diet and streptozotocin induced rat model. The study showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in lipid/cholesterol and blood glucose levels and significant increase in antioxidant levels in the rats treated with NS and SNEDDS containing the drugs alone as well as their combination as compared to their unprocessed forms. However, the efficacy was more prominent in case of combination possibly due to dual benefits i.e., decrease in IR due to statin and control of blood glucose level. Among NS and SNEDDS, NS was found more efficacious than that of the SNEDDS possibly due to higher enhancement of oral bioavailability in case of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot no. 32 - 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, 302017, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Identification of Effective and Nonpromiscuous Antidiabetic Drug Molecules from Penicillium Species. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7040547. [PMID: 35722152 PMCID: PMC9200499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very common metabolic disorder/disease. The deterioration of β-cells by autoimmune system is the hallmark of this disease. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) is responsible for β-cells degradation by T-cells in the pancreas. This protein had been declared a good drug target for controlling DM. Lots of side effects have been reported as a result of long-time consumption of conventional antidiabetic drugs. The development of new and effective drugs with the minimal side effects needs time. TXNIP was selected as a target for Computer-Aided Drug Design. The antidiabetic fungal metabolite compounds were selected from the literature. The compounds were screened for their drug-likeness properties by DruLiTo and DataWarior tools. Twenty-two drug-like fungal compounds were subjected to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis by using CheS-Mapper 2.0. The lowest (0.01) activity cliff was found for three compounds: Pinazaphilone A, Pinazaphilone B, and Chermesinone A. The highest value for apol (81.76) was shown by Asperphenamate, while Albonoursin and Sterenin L showed highest score (40.66) for bpol. The lowest value (0.46) for fractional molecular frame (FMF) was calculated for Pinazaphilone A and Pinazaphilone B. TPSA for Pinazaphilone A and Pinazaphilone B was 130.51 Å2.
was observed for all the twenty-two compounds. Molecular docking of fungal compounds with TXNIP was done by AutoDock Vina. The binding energy for complexes ranged between −9.2 and −4.6 kcal/mol. Four complexes, TXNIP-Pinazaphilone A, TXNIP-Pinazaphilone B, TXNIP-Asperphenamate, and TXNIP-Sterenin L, were selected for MD simulation to find out the best lead molecule. Only one complex, TXNIP-Pinazaphilone B, showed a stable conformation throughout the 80 ns run of MD simulation. Pinazaphilone B derived from the Penicillium species fungi was selected as the lead molecule for development of antidiabetic drug having the least side effects.
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Novel α-Amylase Inhibitor Hemi-Pyocyanin Produced by Microbial Conversion of Chitinous Discards. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050283. [PMID: 35621934 PMCID: PMC9171587 DOI: 10.3390/md20050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase inhibitors (aAIs) have been applied for the efficient management of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to search for potential aAIs produced by microbial fermentation. Among various bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 was found to be a potential aAI-producing strain, and shrimp heads powder (SHP) was screened as the most suitable C/N source for fermentation. P. aeruginosa TUN03 exhibited the highest aAIs productivity (3100 U/mL) in the medium containing 1.5% SHP with an initial pH of 7–7.5, and fermentation was performed at 27.5 °C for two days. Further, aAI compounds were investigated for scaled-up production in a 14 L-bioreactor system. The results revealed a high yield (4200 U/mL) in a much shorter fermentation time (12 h) compared to fermentation in flasks. Bioactivity-guided purification resulted in the isolation of one major target compound, identified as hemi-pyocyanin (HPC) via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Its purity was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. HPC demonstrated potent α-amylase inhibitory activity comparable to that of acarbose, a commercial antidiabetic drug. Notably, HPC was determined as a new aAI. The docking study indicated that HPC inhibits α-amylase by binding to amino acid Arg421 at the biding site on enzyme α-amylase with good binding energy (−9.3 kcal/mol) and creating two linkages of H-acceptors.
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Efficacy of L-Arabinose in Lowering Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses: The Modifying Effect of Starch and Fat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020157. [PMID: 35053889 PMCID: PMC8774789 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arabinose is a bio-active compound derived from the side-streams of plant food processing. L-arabinose lowers glycemic and insulinemic responses when added to simple water-based sugary liquids. However, the effect in more complex foods, including fat and starch, is inconsistent. This study assessed the effect of fat or starch in a sugary drink on the efficacy of L-arabinose. Twenty-three healthy volunteers (12 female/11 male; aged 24 ± 3 years; BMI 23 ± 3 kg/m2) participated in a randomised cross-over trial with six drinks: control: 50 g sucrose in water; fat: control + 22 g oil; starch: control + 50 g starch; and all three with and without the addition of 5 g L-arabinose. The addition of L-arabinose to the control drink lowered glucose and insulin peaks by 15% and 52%; for the fat drink by 8% and 45%; and for the starch drink by 7% and 29%. For all three drinks, adding L-arabinose increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses and lowered Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses. Despite adding large quantities of starch and fat to sugary drinks, L-arabinose significantly lowered postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy subjects. These findings suggest that L-arabinose can be functional in more complex foods; however, the factors affecting its efficacy in solid food matrices need to be studied in more detail.
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Santos CMM, Proença C, Freitas M, Araújo A, Silva AMS, Fernandes E. Inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase by hydroxylated xanthones. Food Funct 2022; 13:7930-7941. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. Some natural and synthetic derivatives have been identified for their antidiabetic profile, mainly as α-glucosidase...
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Ranilla LG, Rios-Gonzales BA, Ramírez-Pinto MF, Fuentealba C, Pedreschi R, Shetty K. Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn ( Zea mays L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations. Metabolites 2021; 11:722. [PMID: 34822380 PMCID: PMC8625611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is native to the Andean region, but limited research has been performed about the potential metabolic variability when grown under Andean environmental conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the phenolic and primary polar metabolites composition of purple corn (kernels and cobs) grown at two Peruvian Andean locations (lowland and highland) using targeted UHPLC (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography) and untargeted GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) metabolomic platforms, respectively. Changes in the physical characteristics and the in vitro bioactivity were also determined. Purple corn from the highland zone showed higher contents of ash, crude fiber, total phenolic contents, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in kernels, whereas increased levels of flavonoids (anthocyanins and quercetin derivatives) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] antioxidant capacity were observed in cobs in comparison to lowland samples. No effect of the Andean location was found on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relevant for hyperglycemia management, while yield-linked physical characteristics were high in purple corn grown at the lowland zone. Polar primary metabolites related to the carbohydrate (monosaccharides, sucrose, and d-sorbitol), amino acid (valine and alanine), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinic, fumaric, and aconitic acid) metabolism were higher in highland purple corn (cob and kernel) likely due to abiotic stress factors from the highland environment. This study provides the foundation for further breeding improvements at Andean locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gálvez Ranilla
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n Umacollo, Arequipa 04001, Peru; (B.A.R.-G.); (M.F.R.-P.)
| | - Briggite Anyela Rios-Gonzales
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n Umacollo, Arequipa 04001, Peru; (B.A.R.-G.); (M.F.R.-P.)
| | - María Fernanda Ramírez-Pinto
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n Umacollo, Arequipa 04001, Peru; (B.A.R.-G.); (M.F.R.-P.)
| | - Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Waddington 716, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile;
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
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Demirci S, Sahiner M, Suner SS, Sahiner N. Improved Biomedical Properties of Polydopamine-Coated Carbon Nanotubes. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1280. [PMID: 34832691 PMCID: PMC8623995 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their outstanding mechanical, thermal, chemical, and optical properties were utilized as a base material and were coated with polydopamine (PDA) (PDA@CNT) via the simple self-polymerization of dopamine (DA). Then, PDA@CNT coatings of up to five layers were examined for potential biomedical applications. The success of multiple coating of CNTs with PDA was confirmed via increased weight loss values with the increased number of PDA coatings of CNTs at 500 °C by thermogravimetric analysis. The surface area of bare CNTs was measured as 263.9 m2/g and decreased to 197.0 m2/g after a 5th coating with PDA. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of CNT and PDA@CNTs were determined via total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenol content (TPC), and Fe(III)-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests, revealing the increased antioxidant ability of PDA@CNTs with the increasing numbers of PDA coatings. Moreover, a higher inhibition percentage of the activity of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme with 95.1 ± 2.9% inhibition at 6 mg/mL PDA-1st@CNTs concentration was found. The CNT and PDA@CNTs exhibited blood compatibility, less than a 2.5% hemolysis ratio, and more than 85% blood clotting indexes. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of PDA-5th@CNTs against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria was determined as 10 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey; (S.D.); (S.S.S.)
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Sahiner
- Faculty of Canakkale School of Applied Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey;
| | - Selin Sagbas Suner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey; (S.D.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey; (S.D.); (S.S.S.)
- Faculty of Canakkale School of Applied Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Siddiqui H, Baheej MAA, Ullah S, Rizvi F, Iqbal S, Haniffa HM, Wahab AT, Choudhary MI. Synthesis of 1,2,3,triazole modified analogues of hydrochlorothiazide via click chemistry approach and in-vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition studies. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2049-2067. [PMID: 34608550 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to discover potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. A 25 membered library of new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of hydrochlorothiazide (1) (HCTZ, a diuretic drug also being used for the treatment of high blood pressure) was synthesized through click chemistry approach. The structures of all derivatives 2-26 were deduced by MS, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. All the compounds were found to be new. Compounds 1-26 were evaluated for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Among them, 18 compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values between 24 and 379 µM. α-Glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose (IC50 = 875.75 ± 2.08 μM) was used as the standard. Kinetics studies of compounds 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 23, and 24 revealed that only compound 15 as a mixed-type of inhibitor, while others were non-competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. All the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic when checked against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - M A A Baheej
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Rizvi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Iqbal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Haroon M Haniffa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Atia-Tul Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21452, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Han L, Fu X, Wang S, Li W, Han W. Targeting N-Terminal Human Maltase-Glucoamylase to Unravel Possible Inhibitors Using Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Adaptive Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Front Chem 2021; 9:711242. [PMID: 34527658 PMCID: PMC8435576 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.711242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are multiple drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, including traditional sulfonylureas biguanides, glinides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. α-Glucosidase inhibitors have been used to control postprandial glucose levels caused by type 2 diabetes since 1990. α-Glucosidases are rather crucial in the human metabolic system and are principally found in families 13 and 31. Maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 31. The main function of MGAM is to digest terminal starch products left after the enzymatic action of α-amylase; hence, MGAM becomes an efficient drug target for insulin resistance. In order to explore the conformational changes in the active pocket and unbinding pathway for NtMGAM, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and adaptive steered molecular dynamics (ASMD) simulations were performed for two NtMGAM-inhibitor [de-O-sulfonated kotalanol (DSK) and acarbose] complexes. MD simulations indicated that DSK bound to NtMGAM may influence two domains (inserted loop 1 and inserted loop 2) by interfering with the spiralization of residue 497–499. The flexibility of inserted loop 1 and inserted loop 2 can influence the volume of the active pocket of NtMGAM, which can affect the binding progress for DSK to NtMGAM. ASMD simulations showed that compared to acarbose, DSK escaped from NtMGAM easily with lower energy. Asp542 is an important residue on the bottleneck of the active pocket of NtMGAM and could generate hydrogen bonds with DSK continuously. Our theoretical results may provide some useful clues for designing new α-glucosidase inhibitors to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wannan Li
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xie HX, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang JH, Liu SK, Zhang J, Zheng H, Hao GZ, Zhu KK, Jiang CS. Novel tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)urea derivatives as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis, kinetics study, molecular docking, and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105236. [PMID: 34411978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors, which can inhibit the digestion of carbohydrates into glucose, are one of important groups of anti-type 2 diabetic drugs. In the present study, we report our effort on the discovery and optimization of α-glucosidase inhibitors with tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)urea core. Screening of an in-house library revealed a moderated α-glucosidase inhibitors, 5a, and then the following structural optimization was performed to obtain more efficient derivatives. Most of these derivatives showed increased inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than the parental compound 5a (IC50 of 26.71 ± 1.80 μM) and the positive control acarbose (IC50 of 258.53 ± 1.27 μM). Among them, compounds 8r (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.02 μM) and 8s (IC50 = 0.65 ± 0.03 μM) were the most potent inhibitors, and showed selectivity over α-amylase. The direct binding of both compounds with α-glucosidase was confirmed by fluorescence quenching experiments. Kinetics study revealed that these compounds were non-competitive inhibitors, which was consistent with the molecular docking results that compounds 8r and 8s showed high preference to bind to the allosteric site instead of the active site of α-glucosidase. In addition, compounds 8r and 8s were not toxic (IC50 > 100 μM) towards LO2 and HepG2 cells. Finally, the in vivo anti-hyperglycaemic activity assay results indicated that compounds 8r could significantly decrease the level of plasma glucose and improve glucose tolerance in SD rats treated with sucrose. The present study provided the tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)urea chemotype for developing novel α-glucosidase inhibitors against type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xu Xie
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jin-He Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shan-Kui Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Gui-Zhou Hao
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China.
| | - Kong-Kai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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A Review on Antidiabetic Activity of Centaurea spp.: A New Approach for Developing Herbal Remedies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5587938. [PMID: 34285703 PMCID: PMC8275385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-life metabolic disorder, characterized by high blood glucose levels. The hyperglycemic condition generally leads to irreversible nerve injury and vascular damage. Among different types of diabetes, type 2 is more common and has spread all over the world. Although various therapeutic approaches have been developed to control type 2 DM, regulating blood glucose levels has still remained a controversial challenge for patients. Also, most prescription drugs cause different side effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, developing novel and efficient antidiabetic agents possessing fewer adverse effects is in high demand. Method The literature was comprehensively surveyed via search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using appropriate keywords. Results Medicinal plants, both extracts and isolated active components, have played a significant role in controlling the blood glucose levels. Good-to-excellent results documented in the literature have made them a precious origin for developing and designing drugs and supplements against DM. Centaurea spp. have been traditionally used for controlling high blood glucose levels. Also, the antidiabetic properties of different species of Centaurea have been confirmed in recent studies through in vitro assays as well as in vivo experiments. Conclusion Potent results encouraged us to review their efficacy to open a new horizon for development of herbal antidiabetic agents.
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Rahman MS, Hossain KS, Das S, Kundu S, Adegoke EO, Rahman MA, Hannan MA, Uddin MJ, Pang MG. Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6403. [PMID: 34203830 PMCID: PMC8232639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Khandkar Shaharina Hossain
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sharnali Das
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sushmita Kundu
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Medicinal chemistry of anthranilic acid derivatives: A mini review. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:945-958. [PMID: 34117784 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthranilic acid and its analogues present a privileged profile as pharmacophores for the rational development of pharmaceuticals deliberated for managing the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. The substitution on anthranilic acid scaffold provides large compound libraries, which enable a comprehensive assessment of the structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis for the identification of hits and leads in a typical drug development paradigm. Besides, their widespread applications as anti-inflammatory fenamates, the amide and anilide derivatives of anthranilic acid analogues play a central role in the management of several metabolic disorders. In addition, these derivatives of anthranilic acid exhibit interesting antimicrobial, antiviral and insecticidal properties, whereas the derivatives based on anthranilic diamide scaffold present applications as P-glycoprotein inhibitors for managing the drug resistance in cancer cells. In addition, the anthranilic acid derivatives serve as the inducers of apoptosis, inhibitors of hedgehog signaling pathway, inhibitors of mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, and the inhibitors of aldo-keto reductase enzymes. The antiviral derivatives of anthranilic acid focus on the inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase to manifest considerable antiviral properties. The anthranilic acid derivatives reportedly present neuroprotective applications by downregulating the key pathways responsible for the manifestation of neuropathological features and neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, the transition metal complexes of anthranilic acid derivatives offer therapeutic applications in diabetes mellitus, and obesity by regulating the activity of α-glucosidase. The present review demonstrates a critical analysis of the therapeutic profile of the key derivatives of anthranilic acid and its analogues for the rational development of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Metabolites of Marine Sediment-Derived Fungi: Actual Trends of Biological Activity Studies. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020088. [PMID: 33557071 PMCID: PMC7913796 DOI: 10.3390/md19020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sediments are characterized by intense degradation of sedimenting organic matter in the water column and near surface sediments, combined with characteristically low temperatures and elevated pressures. Fungi are less represented in the microbial communities of sediments than bacteria and archaea and their relationships are competitive. This results in wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived fungi both for environmental adaptation and for interspecies interactions. Earlier marine fungal metabolites were investigated mainly for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, but now also as anticancer and cytoprotective drug candidates. This review aims to describe low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of marine sediment-derived fungi in the context of their biological activity and covers research articles published between January 2016 and November 2020.
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Chaudhry F, Shahid W, Al-Rashida M, Ashraf M, Ali Munawar M, Ain Khan M. Synthesis of imidazole-pyrazole conjugates bearing aryl spacer and exploring their enzyme inhibition potentials. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104686. [PMID: 33581666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing improved enzyme inhibitors is an effective therapy to counter various diseases. Aiming to build up biologically active templates, a new series of bis-diazoles conjugated with an aryl linker was designed and prepared through a convenient synthetic approach. Synthesized derivatives 6(a-m), having different substitutions at the 2nd position of the imidazole nucleus, depict the scope of present study. These compounds were characterized through spectroscopic methods and further examined for their in vitro enzyme inhibitory potentials against two selected enzymes: α-glucosidase and lipoxygenase (LOX). Overall, this series was found to be effective against α-glucosidase and moderately active against LOX enzyme. Compound 6k was the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with IC50 = 54.25 ± 0.67 µM as compared to reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 375.82 ± 1.76 µM). The docked conformation revealed the involvement of substituent's heteroatoms with amino acid residue Gly280 through hydrogen bonding. The most active LOX inhibitor was 6a with IC50 = 41.75 ± 0.04 µM as compared to standard baicalein (IC50 = 22.4 ± 1.3 µM). Docking model of 6a suggested the strong interaction of imidazole's nitrogen with iron atom of the active pocket of enzyme. Other features like lipophilicity, bulkiness of compounds, pi-pi interactions and/or pi-alkyl interactions also affected the inhibiting potentials of all prepared scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Chaudhry
- Institute of the Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore, 93-Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Wardah Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Ali Munawar
- Institute of the Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Misbahul Ain Khan
- Institute of the Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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Grewal AS, Lather V, Charaya N, Sharma N, Singh S, Kairys V. Recent Developments in Medicinal Chemistry of Allosteric Activators of Human Glucokinase for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2510-2552. [PMID: 32286938 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200414163148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucokinase (GK), a cytoplasmic enzyme catalyzes the metabolism of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate with the help of ATP and aids in the controlling of blood glucose levels within the normal range in humans. In pancreatic β-cells, it plays a chief role by controlling the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin and in liver hepatocyte cells, it controls the metabolism of carbohydrates. GK acts as a promising drug target for the pharmacological treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as it plays an important role in the control of carbohydrate metabolism. METHODS Data used for this review was based on the search from several science databases as well as various patent databases. The main data search terms used were allosteric GK activators, diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, glucokinase, glucokinase activators and human glucokinase. RESULTS This article discusses an overview of T2DM, the biology of GK, the role of GK in T2DM, recent updates in the development of small molecule GK activators reported in recent literature, mechanism of action of GK activators and their clinical status. CONCLUSION GK activators are the novel class of pharmacological agents that enhance the catalytic activity of GK enzyme and display their antihyperglycemic effects. Broad diversity of chemical entities including benzamide analogues, carboxamides, acrylamides, benzimidazoles, quinazolines, thiazoles, pyrimidines, pyridines, orotic acid amides, amino acid derivatives, amino phosphates and urea derivatives have been synthesized in past two decades as potent allosteric activators of GK. Presently, the pharmaceutical companies and researchers are focusing on the design and development of liver-selective GK activators for preventing the possible adverse effects associated with GK activators for the long-term treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer S Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Charaya
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Chandrasekaran S, Luna-Vital D, de Mejia EG. Identification and Comparison of Peptides from Chickpea Protein Hydrolysates Using Either Bromelain or Gastrointestinal Enzymes and Their Relationship with Markers of Type 2 Diabetes and Bitterness. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123843. [PMID: 33339265 PMCID: PMC7765824 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulses worldwide. The objective was to identify, compare and evaluate peptides from chickpea hydrolysates produced by two enzymatic treatments. The antidiabetic potential and bitterness of the peptides and induction of bitter receptors were identified in silico. Proteins were isolated from the Kabuli variety. Peptides were produced from the proteins using a simulated digestive system (pepsin/pancreatin, 1:50 Enzyme/Protein, E/P), and these peptides were compared with those produced via bromelain hydrolysis (1:50 E/P). The protein profiles, sequences and characteristics of the peptides were evaluated. The biochemical inhibition and molecular docking of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also studied. The molecular docking identified peptides from enzymatic hydrolysis as inhibitors of DPP-IV. The high hydrophobicity of the peptides indicated the potential for bitterness. There was no correlation between peptide length and DPP-IV binding. Peptides sequenced from the pepsin/pancreatin hydrolysates, PHPATSGGGL and YVDGSGTPLT, had greater affinity for the DPP-IV catalytic site than the peptides from the bromelain hydrolysates. These results are in agreement with their biochemical inhibition, when considering the inhibition of sitagliptin (54.3 µg/mL) as a standard. The bitter receptors hTAS2R38, hTAS2R5, hTAS2R7 and hTAS2R14 were stimulated by most sequences, which could be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Chickpea hydrolysates could be utilized as functional ingredients to be included in the diet for the prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhiksha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML Bldg, 1201 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML Bldg, 1201 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML Bldg, 1201 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Banks WA. A Spectrum of Topics for 2019: Advances in Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, Autism, Exosomes, and Central Nervous System Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1-5. [PMID: 32122292 DOI: 10.2174/138161282601200225102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in various fields were discussed in the reviews and original research articles published in 2019 in Current Pharmaceutical Design. Here, I review some of the major highlights for selected areas. A better understanding of disease mechanisms was a prominent recurrent theme and new therapeutic targets based on those mechanisms are highlighted here. Inflammation and oxidative stress are major features of many diseases, therefore, interventions to address these processes are reviewed. Although repurposing of old drugs occurred in several fields, drug targeting and drug delivery, especially of nanoparticles, also continues to be a major area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Center, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108 Seattle, WA, United States
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Ng PQ, Ling LSC, Chellian J, Madheswaran T, Panneerselvam J, Kunnath AP, Gupta G, Satija S, Mehta M, Hansbro PM, Collet T, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Applications of Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Active Phytoconstituents. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4580-4590. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200610111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many plant-based bioactive compounds have been serving as the origin of drugs since long ago and
many of them have been proven to have medicinal value against various chronic diseases, including, cancer,
arthritis, hepatic diseases, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, their clinical applications have
been limited due to their poor water solubility, stability, low bioavailability and extensive transformation due to
the first-pass metabolism. The applications of nanocarriers have been proven to be able to improve the delivery of
bioactive phytoconstituents, resulting in the enhancement of various pharmacokinetic properties and thereby
increasing the therapeutic value of phytoconstituents. These biocompatible nanocarriers also exert low toxicity to
healthy cells. This review focuses on the uses and applications of different types of nanocarriers to enhance the
delivery of phytoconstituents for the treatment of various chronic diseases, along with comparisons related to
bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of nano phytoconstituents with native phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phui Qi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Laura Soon Cheau Ling
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anil Philip Kunnath
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Trudi Collet
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khatik GL, Datusalia AK, Vyas M. Current Pharmaceutical Interventions and Drug Design in the Management of Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2509. [DOI: 10.2174/138161282523190913113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal L. Khatik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara (Punjab), India
| | - Ashok K. Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Manish Vyas
- Department of Ayurveda, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab), India
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Di Sotto A, Locatelli M, Macone A, Toniolo C, Cesa S, Carradori S, Eufemi M, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Hypoglycemic, Antiglycation, and Cytoprotective Properties of a Phenol-Rich Extract From Waste Peel of Punica granatum L. var. Dente di Cavallo DC2. Molecules 2019; 24:E3103. [PMID: 31461832 PMCID: PMC6749322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate peel is a natural source of phenolics, claimed to possess healing properties, among which are antioxidant and antidiabetic. In the present study, an ethyl acetate extract, obtained by Soxhlet from the peel of Dente di Cavallo DC2 pomegranate (PGE) and characterized to contain 4% w/w of ellagic acid, has been evaluated for its hypoglycemic, antiglycation, and antioxidative cytoprotective properties, in order to provide possible evidence for future nutraceutical applications. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, interference with advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation, and metal chelating abilities were studied. Moreover, the possible antioxidant cytoprotective properties of PGE under hyperglycemic conditions were assayed. Phenolic profile of the extract was characterized by integrated chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. PGE resulted able to strongly inhibit the tested enzymes, especially α-glucosidase, and exerted chelating and antiglycation properties. Also, it counteracted the intracellular oxidative stress under hyperglycemic conditions, by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and total glutathione. Among the identified phenolics, rutin was the most abundant flavonoid (about 4 % w/w). Present results suggest PGE to be a possible remedy for hyperglycemia management and encourage further studies to exploit its promising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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