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Khaksar G, Myint SLL, Hasriadi, Towiwat P, Sirikantaramas S, Rodsiri R. Durian fruit pulp extract enhances intracellular glutathione levels, mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation for neuroprotection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15153. [PMID: 38956206 PMCID: PMC11220076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) fruit pulp is a rich source of γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC), a direct precursor to the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). This study elucidated the in vitro neuroprotective potential of unripe durian fruit pulp extract (UDE) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells. Treatments with γ-EC, GSH standards, or UDE exhibited no cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and BV-2 cells, except at high concentrations. A 4-h pretreatment with 100 µM γ-EC or UDE containing 100 µM γ-EC significantly increased SH-SY5Y cell viability post H2O2 induction. Moreover, a similar pretreatment reduced LPS-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines in BV-2 cells. The neuroprotective effect of UDE is primarily attributed to γ-EC provision and the promotion of GSH synthesis, which in turn elevates intracellular GSH levels and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. This study identifies γ-EC in UDE as a potential neuroprotective biomarker boosting intracellular GSH levels, providing insights into UDE's therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Khaksar
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Su Lwin Lwin Myint
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hasriadi
- Animal Models of Chronic Inflammation-Associated Diseases for Drug Discovery Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasarapa Towiwat
- Animal Models of Chronic Inflammation-Associated Diseases for Drug Discovery Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Ratchanee Rodsiri
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Yahya TSANT, Azmi NC, Yee FS, Chyang PJ, Ting NS, Seng TC. The Effects of Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus TM02® (Agaricomycetes) on Leukemogenicity Tyrosine Kinase Cell Lines. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:55-66. [PMID: 38505903 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia can be a result of genetic changes associated with protein tyrosine kinase activity such as in MPL W515L and BCR/ABL genes. However, the current conventional treatment of leukemia produces severe side effects that urge the approach to use natural products. A medicinal mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus shows potential as an anti-cancer treatment. To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of the L. rhinocerus cultivar (TM02®) extract on leukemogenic tyrosine kinase cell lines, a cold-water extract (CWE) was produced by using TM02® sclerotia powder at 4°C. The carbohydrate and protein contents were found to be 77.24% and 1.75% respectively. In comparison to the normal Ba/F3 cell, the CWE TM02® shows significant effects on exhibiting proliferation of Ba/F3 expressed MPL W515L and BCR/ABL, possibly due to the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of TM02®, which contribute to act on various signaling pathways, and the reported apoptotic activity of CWE TM02®. In contrast, CWE TM02® significantly exhibited high scavenging activity of both Ba/F3 expressed MPL W515L and BCR/ABL. At concentrations of 125 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL of CWE TM02® decreased 49.5% and 67.5% of cell migration activity of Ba/F3 expressed MPL W515L and BCR/ABL respectively. Therefore, we postulate that CWE TM02® has the capability to mediate the migration route of the leukemogenic tyrosine kinase cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fung Shin Yee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pang Jyh Chyang
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ng Szu Ting
- Ligno Biotech Sdn Bhd, Balakong Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tan Chon Seng
- Ligno Biotech Sdn Bhd, Balakong Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Abdul Rahman MS, Kanakarajan S, Selvaraj R, Kamalanathan A, Fatima S, Abudawood M, Siddiqi NJ, Alanazi H, Sharma B, de Lourdes Pereira M. Elucidation of the Anticancer Mechanism of Durian Fruit ( Durio zibethinus) Pulp Extract in Human Leukemia (HL-60) Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102417. [PMID: 37242300 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) grows widely in Southeast Asia. The pulp of the durian fruit contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, various vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. This study was carried out to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of action of the methanolic extract of the fruit of Durio zibethinus (D. zibethinus) on human leukemia (HL-60) cells. The methanolic extract of D. zibethinus fruits exhibited its anticancer effect on HL-60 cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. The DNA damage was confirmed by comet and DNA fragmentation assays. The methanolic extract of D. zibethinus fruits has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest in HL-60 cells during the S phase and G2/M phase. Additionally, the methanolic extract caused induction of the apoptotic pathway in the HL-60 cell line. This was confirmed by increased expression in pro-apoptotic proteins, viz., Bax protein expression, and a substantial reduction (p < 0.001) in anti-apoptotic proteins, viz., Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expressions. Therefore, this study confirms that the methanolic extract of D. zibethinus exerts its anticancer effects on the HL-60 cell line, causing cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by an intrinsic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Selvaraj
- Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Chennai 600005, India
| | | | - Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humidah Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Skopek R, Palusińska M, Kaczor-Keller K, Pingwara R, Papierniak-Wyglądała A, Schenk T, Lewicki S, Zelent A, Szymański Ł. Choosing the Right Cell Line for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5377. [PMID: 36982453 PMCID: PMC10049680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalized cell lines are widely used in vitro tools in oncology and hematology research. While these cell lines represent artificial systems and may accumulate genetic aberrations with each passage, they are still considered valuable models for pilot, preliminary, and screening studies. Despite their limitations, cell lines are cost-effective and provide repeatable and comparable results. Choosing the appropriate cell line for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research is crucial for obtaining reliable and relevant results. Several factors should be considered when selecting a cell line for AML research, such as specific markers and genetic abnormalities associated with different subtypes of AML. It is also essential to evaluate the karyotype and mutational profile of the cell line, as these can influence the behavior and response to the treatment of the cells. In this review, we evaluate immortalized AML cell lines and discuss the issues surrounding them concerning the revised World Health Organization and the French-American-British classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Skopek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczor-Keller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tino Schenk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Zelent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Basu J, Madhulika S, Murmu KC, Mohanty S, Samal P, Das A, Mahapatra S, Saha S, Sinha I, Prasad P. Molecular and epigenetic alterations in normal and malignant myelopoiesis in human leukemia 60 (HL60) promyelocytic cell line model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1060537. [PMID: 36819104 PMCID: PMC9932920 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell line model systems are essential in supporting the research community due to their low cost, uniform culturing conditions, homogeneous biological resources, and easy experimental design to study the cause and effect of a gene or a molecule. Human leukemia 60 (HL60) is an in-vitro hematopoietic model system that has been used for decades to study normal myeloid differentiation and leukemia biology. Here, we show that IMDM supplemented with 20% FBS is an optimal culturing condition and induces effective myeloid differentiation compared with RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS when HL60 is induced with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D3) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The chromatin organization is compacted, and the repressive epigenetic mark H3K27me3 is enhanced upon HL60-mediated terminal differentiation. Differential gene expression analysis obtained from RNA sequencing in HL60 cells during myeloid differentiation showed the induction of pathways involved in epigenetic regulation, myeloid differentiation, and immune regulation. Using high-throughput transcriptomic data (GSE74246), we show the similarities (genes that did not satisfy |log2FC|>1 and FDR<0.05) and differences (FDR <0.05 and |log2FC|>1) between granulocyte-monocyte progenitor vs HL60 cells, Vit D3 induced monocytes (vMono) in HL60 cells vs primary monocytes (pMono), and HL60 cells vs leukemic blasts at the transcriptomic level. We found striking similarities in biological pathways between these comparisons, suggesting that the HL60 model system can be effectively used for studying myeloid differentiation and leukemic aberrations. The differences obtained could be attributed to the fact that the cellular programs of the leukemic cell line and primary cells are different. We validated several gene expression patterns for different comparisons with CD34+ cells derived from cord blood for myeloid differentiation and AML patients. In addition to the current knowledge, our study further reveals the significance of using HL60 cells as in vitro model system under optimal conditions to understand its potential as normal myeloid differentiation model as well as leukemic model at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhinuk Basu
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,RCB, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Swati Madhulika
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,RCB, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Murmu
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,RCB, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Smrutishree Mohanty
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,RCB, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Samal
- IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Asima Das
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KIMS, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumendu Mahapatra
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subha Saha
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Punit Prasad
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,*Correspondence: Punit Prasad,
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Russo C, Maugeri A, De Luca L, Gitto R, Lombardo GE, Musumeci L, De Sarro G, Cirmi S, Navarra M. The SIRT2 Pathway Is Involved in the Antiproliferative Effect of Flavanones in Human Leukemia Monocytic THP-1 Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102383. [PMID: 36289647 PMCID: PMC9598940 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the most alarming hematological disease for adults. Several genetic modifications are known to be pivotal in AML; however, SIRT2 over-expression has attracted the scientific community’s attention as an unfavorable prognostic marker. The plant kingdom is a treasure trove of bioactive principles, with flavonoids standing out among the others. On this line, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-leukemic properties of the main flavanones of Citrus spp., exploring the potential implication of SIRT2. Naringenin (NAR), hesperetin (HSP), naringin (NRG), and neohesperidin (NHP) inhibited SIRT2 activity in the isolated recombinant enzyme, and more, the combination between NAR and HSP. In monocytic leukemic THP-1 cells, only NAR and HSP induced antiproliferative effects, altering the cell cycle. These effects may be ascribed to SIRT2 inhibition since these flavonoids reduced its gene expression and hampered the deacetylation of p53, known sirtuin substrate, and contextually modulated the expression of the downstream cell cycle regulators p21 and cyclin E1. Additionally, these two flavanones proved to interact with the SIRT2 inhibitory site, as shown by docking simulations. Our results suggest that both NAR and HSP may act as anti-leukemic agents, alone and in combination, via targeting the SIRT2/p53/p21/cyclin E1 pathway, thus encouraging deeper investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Fondazione “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Musumeci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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The effect of apigenin and chemotherapy combination treatments on apoptosis-related genes and proteins in acute leukaemia cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8858. [PMID: 35614109 PMCID: PMC9132959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a dietary polyphenol found abundantly in fruit and vegetables, which sensitizes leukaemia cells to topoisomerase inhibitor agents (e.g., etoposide), and alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), reducing ATP levels and inducing apoptosis; whilst being protective to control haematopoietic stem cells. This study analysed the expression profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-related genes and proteins to help elucidate the mechanisms of action of apigenin when used in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell lines (Jurkat and THP-1). Expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured using a TaqMan® Human Apoptosis Array and the StepOne Plus RT-qPCR System, whilst apoptosis-related proteins were determined using a protein profiler™-human apoptosis array and the LI-COR OdysseyR Infrared Imaging System. Apigenin when combined with etoposide or cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c, SMAC/DIABLO, and HTRA2/OMI, which promoted caspase-9 and -3 activation. Targeting anti-apoptotic and/or pro-apoptotic members of the apoptotic pathways is a promising strategy to induce cancer cell death and improve sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. Here the apoptotic pathways induced by apigenin in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide were identified within human leukaemia cell lines, such applications could provide combination therapies for the treatment of leukaemia.
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Ampelopsin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in HL60 and K562 Leukemia Cells by Downregulating AKT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084265. [PMID: 33924032 PMCID: PMC8073078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer caused by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Currently, several treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation, are used to treat leukemia, but the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with leukemia are still high. Therefore, there is still a need to develop more selective and less toxic drugs for the effective treatment of leukemia. Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin, is a plant-derived flavonoid that possesses multiple pharmacological functions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer effect and mechanism of action of ampelopsin in leukemia remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antileukemic effect of ampelopsin against acute promyelocytic HL60 and chronic myelogenous K562 leukemia cells. Ampelopsin significantly inhibited the proliferation of both leukemia cell lines at concentrations that did not affect normal cell viability. Ampelopsin induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase in HL60 cells but the S phase in K562 cells. In addition, ampelopsin regulated the expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and CDK inhibitors differently in each leukemia cell. Ampelopsin also induced apoptosis in both leukemia cell lines through nuclear condensation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and regulation of Bcl-2 family members. Furthermore, the antileukemic effect of ampelopsin was associated with the downregulation of AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover, ampelopsin suppressed the expression levels of leukemia stemness markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, CD44, and CD133. Taken together, our findings suggest that ampelopsin may be an attractive chemotherapeutic agent against leukemia.
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Gupta P, Taiyab A, Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting the Sphingosine Kinase/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Axis in Drug Discovery for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1898. [PMID: 33920887 PMCID: PMC8071327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites have emerged as critical players in the regulation of various physiological processes. Ceramide and sphingosine induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell proliferation and survival. Here, we present an overview of sphingolipid metabolism and the compartmentalization of various sphingolipid metabolites. In addition, the sphingolipid rheostat, a fine metabolic balance between ceramide and S1P, is discussed. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) catalyzes the synthesis of S1P from sphingosine and modulates several cellular processes and is found to be essentially involved in various pathophysiological conditions. The regulation and biological functions of SphK isoforms are discussed. The functions of S1P, along with its receptors, are further highlighted. The up-regulation of SphK is observed in various cancer types and is also linked to radio- and chemoresistance and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Implications of the SphK/S1P signaling axis in human pathologies and its inhibition are discussed in detail. Overall, this review highlights current findings on the SphK/S1P signaling axis from multiple angles, including their functional role, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human malignancies, and inhibitor molecules that may be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
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10
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Alaswad HA, Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Jordan-Mahy N. Molecular Action of Polyphenols in Leukaemia and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063085. [PMID: 33802972 PMCID: PMC8002821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia is a malignant disease of the blood. Current treatments for leukaemia are associated with serious side-effects. Plant-derived polyphenols have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents and have been shown to work synergistically with standard chemotherapy agents in leukaemia cell lines. Polyphenols have multiple mechanisms of action and have been reported to decrease cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis via the activation of caspase (3, 8 and 9); the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. Polyphenols have been shown to suppress activation of transcription factors, including NF-kB and STAT3. Furthermore, polyphenols have pro-oxidant properties, with increasing evidence that polyphenols inhibit the antioxidant activity of glutathione, causing oxidative DNA damage. Polyphenols also induce autophagy-driven cancer cell death and regulate multidrug resistance proteins, and thus may be able to reverse resistance to chemotherapy agents. This review examines the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and discusses their potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the pharmacological properties of polyphenols, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumour activities, and suggest that polyphenols are potent natural agents that can be useful therapeutically; and discuss why data on bioavailability, toxicity and metabolism are essential to evaluate their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza A. Alaswad
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0114-225-3120
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11
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Belitsky G, Fetisov T, Kirsanov K, Lesovaya E, Vlasova O, Yakubovskaya M. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and its prevention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2020; 10:416-433. [PMID: 33489451 PMCID: PMC7811901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary tumors, including therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), represent one of the most undesirable side effects of chemotherapy, which arise several years after primary cancer treatment. This review aims to analyze the current data on molecular pathogenesis of t-AML revealing potential criteria for predicting predisposition to the disease. Another objective is to analyze the information on promising approaches for t-AML prevention. METHODS We analyzed studies regarding t-AML and possible approaches for cancer prevention of drug-induced tumors. Publications in the databases, such as SciVerse Scopus (948), PubMed (1837) and Web of Science (935) were used. Among 92 the most important publications cited in the review, 79 were published during the last decade. RESULTS The review provides the information concerning t-AML pathogenesis, molecular markers of primary cancer patients with high risk of t-AML. The role of the bone marrow niche in clonal hematopoiesis and t-AML pathogenesis is discussed. Current approaches for t-AML prevention both at the stage of therapy and at the latent period are described. Inhibition effects of polyphenols on cell proliferation and on the appearance of hemopoetic clones of indeterminate potential are proposed for t-AML prevention. CONCLUSION The problem of the t-AML, a cancer induced by genotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, is considered from the point of view of the fundamental mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis, highlighting initiation and promotion stages. It enables to reveal the possible markers for the group of patients with high risk for t-AML and to demonstrate perspectives for the use of plant polyphenols for t-AML prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Belitsky
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationMoscow 115478, Russia
| | - Timur Fetisov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationMoscow 115478, Russia
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationMoscow 115478, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Therapy, Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaMoscow 117198, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationMoscow 115478, Russia
- Division of Oncology, Pavlov Ryazan State Medical UniversityRyazan 390026, Russia
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationMoscow 115478, Russia
| | - Marianna Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationMoscow 115478, Russia
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12
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Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Quercetin-Loaded Alginate Nanoparticles for Enhanced In Vitro Anticancer Effect Against Human Leukemic Cancer U937 Cells. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Hunaiti S, Wallin H, Eriksson M, Järås M, Abrahamson M. Secreted cystatins decrease proliferation and enhance apoptosis of human leukemic cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2166-2181. [PMID: 32810913 PMCID: PMC7530398 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases are implicated in proteolysis events favoring cancer cell growth, spread, and death by apoptosis. Herein, we have studied whether the net growth and survival of the leukemic cell lines Jurkat, U937, and HL‐60 are affected by external addition of five proteins acting as natural cysteine protease inhibitors. None of the cystatins examined (A, C, D, and E/M) or chagasin showed consistent effects on Fas‐induced apoptosis when evaluated at 1 µm. In contrast, when the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was activated by hydrogen peroxide, addition of cystatin D augmented caspase‐3‐like activity within all three cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis of U937 cells also showed increased numbers of annexin V‐positive cells when hydrogen peroxide was used to initiate apoptosis and cells were cultured in the presence of cystatin D or C. Moreover, stimulation of hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptotic U937 cells with either cystatin C or D resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in the number of cells. Cell viability was also decreased when U937 cells were cultured in the presence of cystatin C or D (1–9 µm) only, demonstrating that these cystatins can reduce cell proliferation by themselves in addition to enhancing apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. These effects on U937 cells were paralleled by internalization of cystatins C and D, indicating these effects are caused by downregulation of intracellular proteolysis. External addition of cystatins C and D to HL‐60 and Jurkat cells demonstrated similar degrees of cystatin D uptake and decreased viability as for U937 cells, indicating that these effects are general for leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Hunaiti
- Division of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wallin
- Division of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Mia Eriksson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Marcus Järås
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Magnus Abrahamson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
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14
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Friedemann M, Gutewort K, Thiem D, Nacke B, Jandeck C, Lange BS, Sukocheva O, Suttorp M, Menschikowski M. Methylation of the Phospholipase A2 Receptor 1 Promoter Region in Childhood B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9058. [PMID: 32493972 PMCID: PMC7270080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common form of paediatric cancer and epigenetic aberrations are determinants of leukaemogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation degree of a distinct phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) promoter region in paediatric ALL patients and to evaluate its relevance as new biomarker for monitoring treatment response and burden of residual disease. The impact of PLA2R1 re-expression on proliferative parameters was assessed in vitro in Jurkat cells with PLA2R1 naturally silenced by DNA methylation. Genomic DNA was isolated from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of 44 paediatric ALL patients. PLA2R1 methylation was analysed using digital PCR and compared to 20 healthy controls. Transfected Jurkat cells were investigated using cell growth curve analysis and flow cytometry. PLA2R1 was found hypermethylated in BM and PB from pre-B and common ALL patients, and in patients with the disease relapse. PLA2R1 methylation decreased along with leukaemic blast cell reduction during ALL induction treatment. In vitro analysis revealed an anti-proliferative phenotype associated with PLA2R1 re-expression, suggesting a tumour-suppressive function of PLA2R1. Collected data indicates that PLA2R1 promoter methylation quantitation can be used as biomarker for ALL induction treatment control, risk stratification, and early detection of ALL relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutewort
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Thiem
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brit Nacke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Sönke Lange
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Meinolf Suttorp
- Medical Faculty, Paediatric Haemato-Oncology, Technical University, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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15
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Bartoli J, Montalbano S, Spadola G, Rogolino D, Pelosi G, Bisceglie F, Restivo FM, Degola F, Serra O, Buschini A, Feretti D, Zani C, Carcelli M. Antiaflatoxigenic Thiosemicarbazones as Crop-Protective Agents: A Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10947-10953. [PMID: 31498626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that can contaminate feed and food. They are a cause of growing concern worldwide, because they are potent carcinogenic agents. Thiosemicarbazones are molecules that possess interesting antiaflatoxigenic properties, but in order to use them as crop-protective agents, their cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles must first be assessed. In this paper, a group of thiosemicarbazones and a copper complex are reported as compounds able to antagonize aflatoxin biosynthesis, fungal growth, and sclerotia biogenesis in Aspergillus flavus. The two most interesting thiosemicarbazones found were noncytotoxic on several cell lines (CRL1790, Hs27, HFL1, and U937), and therefore, they were submitted to additional analysis of mutagenicity and genotoxicity on bacteria, plants, and human cells. No mutagenic activity was observed in bacteria, whereas genotoxic activity was revealed by the Alkaline Comet Assay on U937 cells and by the test of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bartoli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Serena Montalbano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Giorgio Spadola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Restivo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Francesca Degola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Olga Serra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health , University of Brescia , Viale Europa 11 , 25123 Brescia , Italy
| | - Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health , University of Brescia , Viale Europa 11 , 25123 Brescia , Italy
| | - Mauro Carcelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
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16
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Chamani E, Ebrahimi R, Khorsandi K, Meshkini A, Zarban A, Sharifzadeh G. In vitro cytotoxicity of polyphenols from Datura innoxia aqueous leaf-extract on human leukemia K562 cells: DNA and nuclear proteins as targets. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:138-148. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1629588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Chamani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ebrahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Meshkini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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17
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Saltarelli R, Palma F, Gioacchini AM, Calcabrini C, Mancini U, De Bellis R, Stocchi V, Potenza L. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities and effects on nuclear DNA of ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:464-473. [PMID: 30513345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (also known as Linghzhi and Reishi) is the most appreciated and revered medicinal mushroom across many Asian countries, but its properties have also attracted interest in Western countries. Indeed, in the West, it is now commercially available as a dietary supplement in preparations mainly made from spores, fruiting bodies and mycelia. It is employed in both nutraceutical and pharmacological formulations either for its immuno-modulating anti-inflammatory properties or as an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases as well as in cancer treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this investigation was to show the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of an ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum and to assess its effects on nuclear DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC/ESI-MS and tandem mass spectrometry MSMS were used to obtain structural identification of ethanolic G. lucidum extract constituents. Antioxidant activities were determined by the DPPH method, chelating effect on Fe2+ and lipoxygenase inhibition while cytotoxic activities using the MTT assay. Effects on nuclear DNA were evaluated using the DNA nicking assay in a cell-free system and the fast halo assay performed on oxidatively injured human U937 cells; apoptosis induction was investigated using the non-denaturing fast halo assay and DNA laddering detection. RESULTS This extract was rich in several bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic and triterpenic acids. It showed antioxidant activity and protective effects in oxidatively injured DNA in cell-free analyses and antiproliferative, genotoxic, and proapoptotic effects in the cell model. CONCLUSIONS Italian G. lucidum mycelium isolate appears to be a source of various natural compounds that may have applications as chemopreventive agents or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Francesco Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Gioacchini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, RN, Italy.
| | - Umberto Mancini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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18
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Poturnayová A, Buríková M, Bízik J, Hianik T. DNA Aptamers in the Detection of Leukemia Cells by the Thickness Shear Mode Acoustics Method. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:545-554. [PMID: 30552789 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By using the thickness shear mode acoustics method (TSM) and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) we studied the interactions between DNA aptamers (sgc8c) specific to the protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which is localized in the membranes of leukemia lymphoblastics (MOLT-4), and lymphocyte (Jurkat) cell lines, as well with PTK7-negative U266 myeloid leukemia cells. The TSM method allowed the development of a highly sensitive, label-free biosensor for the detection leukemia cells with a limit of detection of (195±20) cells/mL. SMFS approved the high selectivity of the sgc8c aptamers to the PTK7 receptors at the cell surface and allowed determining the binding probability of the aptamers to the PTK7 receptors at different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Poturnayová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Center of Biosciences SAS Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Buríková
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Bízik
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Danışman Kalındemirtaş F, Birman H, Candöken E, Bilgiş Gazioğlu S, Melikoğlu G, Kuruca S. Cytotoxic Effects of Some Flavonoids and Imatinib on the K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line: Data Analysis Using the Combination Index Method. Balkan Med J 2018; 36:96-105. [PMID: 30396879 PMCID: PMC6409953 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2018.2017.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Flavonoids are natural compounds with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Aims: To determine the cytotoxic effects of flavonoids and drug resistance related to P-gp on K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. We also aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of imatinib and flavonoid combinations. Study Design: Cell culture study. Methods: In this study, K562 cells were treated with apigenin, luteolin, 5-desmethyl sinensetin and the anticancer drug imatinib mesylate. The effect of flavonoids on K562 cell proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)2,5‑diphenyl‑tetrazolium bromide assay. Concentrations of apigenin, luteolin, and 5-desmethyl sinensetin ranging from 25 to 200 μM and of imatinib from 5 to 50 μM administered for 72 h were studied. Apoptosis/necrosis and P-gp activity were measured using flow cytometry. The combined effects of different concentrations of flavonoids with imatinib were evaluated according to combination index values calculated using CompuSyn software. Results: In our study, the IC50 values for apigenin, luteolin, and 5-desmethyl sinensetin were found to be 140 μM, 100 μM, and >200 μM, respectively. Luteolin (100 μM) had the highest cytotoxic activity of these flavonoids. These results were statistically significant (p<0.05). Among the flavonoids studied, the combination of luteolin and imatinib was the most effective and is therefore recommended for its cytotoxic activity in the K562 cell line. After 72 h of incubation at their respective IC50 concentrations, all flavonoids were associated with an apoptosis rate of approximately 50%. P-glycoprotein activity was increased in all groups. Combination treatment may provide better outcomes in terms of cytotoxicity and thus reduce the dosages of imatinib used. Conclusion: The combination of some flavonoids and imatinib mesylate may increase the cytotoxic effect; However, the antagonistic effect should be considered in combined use on k562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hüsniye Birman
- Department of Physiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Candöken
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bilgiş Gazioğlu
- Department of Immunology, İstanbul University Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Melikoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Kuruca
- Department of Physiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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20
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Rogolino D, Gatti A, Carcelli M, Pelosi G, Bisceglie F, Restivo FM, Degola F, Buschini A, Montalbano S, Feretti D, Zani C. Thiosemicarbazone scaffold for the design of antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agents: evaluation of ligands and related copper complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11214. [PMID: 28894265 PMCID: PMC5593876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of food contamination by aflatoxins presently constitutes a social emergency, since they represent a severe risk for human and animal health. On the other hand, the use of pesticides has to be contained, since this generates long term residues in food and in the environment. Here we present the synthesis of a series of chelating ligands based on the thiosemicarbazone scaffold, to be evaluated for their antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic effects. Starting from molecules of natural origin of known antifungal properties, we introduced the thio- group and then the corresponding copper complexes were synthesised. Some molecules highlighted aflatoxin inhibition in the range 67–92% at 100 μM. The most active compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on human cells. While all the copper complexes showed high cytotoxicity in the micromolar range, one of the ligand has no effect on cell proliferation. This hit was chosen for further analysis of mutagenicity and genotoxicity on bacteria, plants and human cells. Analysis of the data underlined the importance of the safety profile evaluation for hit compounds to be developed as crop-protective agents and at the same time that the thiosemicarbazone scaffold represents a good starting point for the development of aflatoxigenic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Rogolino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Carcelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Restivo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Degola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Montalbano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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