1
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Yin Y, Zhao SL, Rane D, Lin Z, Wu M, Peterson BR. Quantification of Binding of Small Molecules to Native Proteins Overexpressed in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:187-200. [PMID: 38118119 PMCID: PMC10910633 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The affinity and selectivity of small molecules for proteins drive drug discovery and development. We report a fluorescent probe cellular binding assay (FPCBA) for determination of these values for native (untagged) proteins overexpressed in living cells. This method uses fluorophores such as Pacific Blue (PB) linked to cell-permeable protein ligands to generate probes that rapidly and reversibly equilibrate with intracellular targets, as established by kinetic assays of cellular uptake and efflux. To analyze binding to untagged proteins, an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) vector was employed that allows a single mRNA to encode both the protein target and a separate orthogonal fluorescent protein (mVenus). This enabled cellular uptake of the probe to be correlated with protein expression by flow cytometry, allowing measurement of cellular dissociation constants (Kd) of the probe. This approach was validated by studies of the binding of allosteric activators to eight different Protein Kinase C (PKC) isozymes. Full-length PKCs expressed in transiently transfected HEK293T cells were used to measure cellular Kd values of a probe comprising PB linked to the natural product phorbol via a carbamate. These values were further used to determine competitive binding constants (cellular Ki values) of the nonfluorescent phorbol ester PDBu and the anticancer agent bryostatin 1 for each isozyme. For some PKC-small molecule pairs, these cellular Ki values matched known biochemical Ki values, but for others, altered selectivity was observed in cells. This approach can facilitate quantification of interactions of small molecules with physiologically relevant native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Yin
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, 500 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Serena Li Zhao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, 500 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Digamber Rane
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, 500 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhihong Lin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, 460 W. 10 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, 500 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, 460 W. 10 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, 500 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, 460 W. 10 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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2
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Shoba VM, Munkanatta Godage DNP, Chaudhary SK, Deb A, Siriwardena SU, Choudhary A. Synthetic Reprogramming of Kinases Expands Cellular Activities of Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202770. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M. Shoba
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Dhanushka N. P. Munkanatta Godage
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Santosh K. Chaudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Arghya Deb
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sachini U. Siriwardena
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
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3
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Shoba VM, Munkanatta Godage DNP, Chaudhary SK, Deb A, Siriwardena SU, Choudhary A. Synthetic Reprogramming of Kinases Expands Cellular Activities of Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M. Shoba
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Dhanushka N. P. Munkanatta Godage
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Santosh K. Chaudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Arghya Deb
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sachini U. Siriwardena
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
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4
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Impact of deleterious missense PRKCI variants on structural and functional dynamics of protein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3781. [PMID: 35260606 PMCID: PMC8904829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C iota (PKCɩ) is a novel protein containing 596 amino acids and is also a member of atypical kinase family. The role of PKCɩ has been explored in neurodegenerative diseases, neuroblastoma, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have not been studied in PKCɩ till date. The purpose of the current study is to scrutinize the deleterious missense variants in PKCɩ and determine the effect of these variants on stability and dynamics of the protein. The structure of protein PKCɩ was predicted for the first time and post translational modifications were determined. Genetic variants of PKCɩ were retrieved from ENSEMBL and only missense variants were further analyzed because of its linkage with diseases. The pathogenicity of missense variants, effect on structure and function of protein, association with cancer and conservancy of the protein residues were determined through computational approaches. It is observed that C1 and the pseudo substrate region has the highest number of pathogenic SNPs. Variations in the kinase domain of the protein are predicted to alter overall phosphorylation of the protein. Molecular dynamic simulations predicted noteworthy change in structural and functional dynamics of the protein because of these variants. The study revealed that nine deleterious variants can possibly contribute to malfunctioning of the protein and can be associated with diseases. This can be useful in diagnostics and developing therapeutics for diseases related to these polymorphisms.
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5
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Fixing the GAP: the role of RhoGAPs in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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6
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You Y, Das J. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on binding of activator and inhibitor to Munc13-1 C1 in the presence of membrane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:14160-14175. [PMID: 34779746 PMCID: PMC9482821 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Munc13-1 is a presynaptic active zone protein that plays a critical role in priming the synaptic vesicle and releasing neurotransmitters in the brain. Munc13-1 acts as a scaffold and is activated when diacylglycerol (DAG)/phorbol ester binds to its C1 domain in the plasma membrane. Our previous studies showed that bryostatin 1 activated the Munc13-1, but resveratrol inhibited the phorbol ester-induced Munc13-1 activity. To gain structural insights into the binding of the ligand into Munc13-1 C1 in the membrane, we conducted 1.0 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on Munc13-1 C1-ligand-lipid ternary system using phorbol 13-acetate, bryostatin 1 and resveratrol as ligands. Munc13-1 C1 shows higher conformational stability and less mobility along membrane with phorbol 13-acetate and bryostatin 1 than with resveratrol. Bryostatin 1 and phorbol ester remained in the protein active site, but resveratrol moved out of Munc13-1 C1 during the MD simulation. While bryostatin 1-bound Munc13-1 C1 showed two different positioning in the membrane, phorbol 13-acetate and resveratrol-bound Munc13-1 C1 only showed one positioning. Phorbol 13-acetate formed hydrogen bond with Ala-574 and Gly-589. Bryostatin 1 had more hydrogen bonds with Trp-588 and Arg-592 than with other residues. Resveratrol formed hydrogen bond with Ile-590. This study suggests that different ligands control Munc13-1 C1's mobility and positioning in the membrane differently. Ligand also has a critical role in the interaction between Munc13-1 C1 and lipid membrane. Our results provide structural basis of the pharmacological activity of the ligands and highlight the importance of membrane in Munc13-1 activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joydip Das
- To whom to address correspondence at: Joydip Das, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health 2, 4849 Calhoun Road, Room 3044, Houston TX 77204-5037. ; Tel: 713-743-1708; FAX 713-743-1229
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7
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Elhalem E, Bellomo A, Cooke M, Scravaglieri A, Pearce LV, Peach ML, Gandolfi Donadío L, Kazanietz MG, Comin MJ. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel sn-1 Heterocyclic DAG-Lactones as PKC Activators. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11418-11431. [PMID: 34279947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DAG-lactones represent useful templates for the design of potent and selective C1 domain ligands for PKC isozymes. The ester moiety at the sn-1 position, a common feature in this template, is relevant for C1 domain interactions, but it represents a labile group susceptible to endogenous esterases. An interesting challenge involves replacing the ester group of these ligands while still maintaining biological activity. Here, we present the synthesis and functional characterization of novel diacylglycerol-lactones containing heterocyclic ring substituents at the sn-1 position. Our results showed that the new compound 10B12, a DAG-lactone with an isoxazole ring, binds PKCα and PKCε with nanomolar affinity. Remarkably, 10B12 displays preferential selectivity for PKCε translocation in cells and induces a PKCε-dependent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into peripheral ruffles in lung cancer cells. We conclude that introducing a stable isoxazole ring as an ester surrogate in DAG-lactones emerges as a novel structural approach to achieve PKC isozyme selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Elhalem
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Ana Bellomo
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, United States
| | - Antonella Scravaglieri
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Larry V Pearce
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Megan L Peach
- Basic Science Program, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lucía Gandolfi Donadío
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - María J Comin
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
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8
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Katti S, Igumenova TI. Structural insights into C1-ligand interactions: Filling the gaps by in silico methods. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100784. [PMID: 33526356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C isoenzymes (PKCs) are the key mediators of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway, which involves regulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate to diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Dysregulation of PKCs is implicated in many human diseases making this class of enzymes an important therapeutic target. Specifically, the DAG-sensing cysteine-rich conserved homology-1 (C1) domains of PKCs have emerged as promising targets for pharmaceutical modulation. Despite significant progress, the rational design of the C1 modulators remains challenging due to difficulties associated with structure determination of the C1-ligand complexes. Given the dearth of experimental structural data, computationally derived models have been instrumental in providing atomistic insight into the interactions of the C1 domains with PKC agonists. In this review, we provide an overview of the in silico approaches for seven classes of C1 modulators and outline promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Katti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
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9
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Chow S, Krainz T, Bettencourt CJ, Broit N, Ferguson B, Zhu M, Hull KG, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Parsons PG, Romo D, Boyle GM, Williams CM. Synthetic Tigliane Intermediates Engage Thiols to Induce Potent Cell Line Selective Anti‐Cancer Activity. Chemistry 2020; 26:13372-13377. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Tanja Krainz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Christian J. Bettencourt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute PO Royal Brisbane Hospital Brisbane 4029 Queensland Australia
| | - Blake Ferguson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute PO Royal Brisbane Hospital Brisbane 4029 Queensland Australia
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CPRIT Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory) Baylor University 76798 Waco Texas USA
| | - Kenneth G. Hull
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CPRIT Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory) Baylor University 76798 Waco Texas USA
| | - Gregory K. Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Peter G. Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute PO Royal Brisbane Hospital Brisbane 4029 Queensland Australia
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CPRIT Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory) Baylor University 76798 Waco Texas USA
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute PO Royal Brisbane Hospital Brisbane 4029 Queensland Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
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10
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Torres M, Rosselló CA, Fernández-García P, Lladó V, Kakhlon O, Escribá PV. The Implications for Cells of the Lipid Switches Driven by Protein-Membrane Interactions and the Development of Membrane Lipid Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072322. [PMID: 32230887 PMCID: PMC7177374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane contains a variety of receptors that interact with signaling molecules. However, agonist-receptor interactions not always activate a signaling cascade. Amphitropic membrane proteins are required for signal propagation upon ligand-induced receptor activation. These proteins localize to the plasma membrane or internal compartments; however, they are only activated by ligand-receptor complexes when both come into physical contact in membranes. These interactions enable signal propagation. Thus, signals may not propagate into the cell if peripheral proteins do not co-localize with receptors even in the presence of messengers. As the translocation of an amphitropic protein greatly depends on the membrane's lipid composition, regulation of the lipid bilayer emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy. Some of the signals controlled by proteins non-permanently bound to membranes produce dramatic changes in the cell's physiology. Indeed, changes in membrane lipids induce translocation of dozens of peripheral signaling proteins from or to the plasma membrane, which controls how cells behave. We called these changes "lipid switches", as they alter the cell's status (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, death, etc.) in response to the modulation of membrane lipids. Indeed, this discovery enables therapeutic interventions that modify the bilayer's lipids, an approach known as membrane-lipid therapy (MLT) or melitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Or Kakhlon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Pablo Vicente Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cooke M, Casado-Medrano V, Ann J, Lee J, Blumberg PM, Abba MC, Kazanietz MG. Differential Regulation of Gene Expression in Lung Cancer Cells by Diacyglycerol-Lactones and a Phorbol Ester Via Selective Activation of Protein Kinase C Isozymes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6041. [PMID: 30988374 PMCID: PMC6465381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our extensive knowledge on the biology of protein kinase C (PKC) and its involvement in disease, limited success has been attained in the generation of PKC isozyme-specific modulators acting via the C1 domain, the binding site for the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and the phorbol ester tumor promoters. Synthetic efforts had recently led to the identification of AJH-836, a DAG-lactone with preferential affinity for novel isozymes (nPKCs) relative to classical PKCs (cPKCs). Here, we compared the ability of AJH-836 and a prototypical phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) to induce changes in gene expression in a lung cancer model. Gene profiling analysis using RNA-Seq revealed that PMA caused major changes in gene expression, whereas AJH-836 only induced a small subset of genes, thus providing a strong indication for a major involvement of cPKCs in their control of gene expression. MMP1, MMP9, and MMP10 were among the genes most prominently induced by PMA, an effect impaired by RNAi silencing of PKCα, but not PKCδ or PKCε. Comprehensive gene signature analysis and bioinformatics efforts, including functional enrichment and transcription factor binding site analyses of dysregulated genes, identified major differences in pathway activation and transcriptional networks between PMA and DAG-lactones. In addition to providing solid evidence for the differential involvement of individual PKC isozymes in the control of gene expression, our studies emphasize the importance of generating targeted C1 domain ligands capable of differentially regulating PKC isozyme-specific function in cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Martin C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CP1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Yang XA, Zweifach A. Temperature-Dependent Expression of a CFP-YFP FRET Diacylglycerol Sensor Enables Multiple-Read Screening for Compounds That Affect C1 Domains. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:682-692. [PMID: 30802416 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219830086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular CFP-YFP fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors expressed in cells are powerful research tools but have seen relatively little use in screening. We exploited the discovery that the expression of a CFP-YFP FRET diacylglycerol sensor (DAGR) increases over time when cells are incubated at room temperature to assess requirements for robust measurements using a Molecular Devices Spectramax i3x fluorescence plate reader. Expression levels resulting in YFP fluorescence >10-fold higher than untransfected cells and phorbol ester-stimulated FRET ratio changes of 60% or more were required to consistently give robust Z' > 0.5. As a means of confirming that these conditions are suitable for screening, we developed a novel multiple-read protocol to assay the NCI's Mechanistic Set III for agonists and antagonists of C1 domain activation. Sixteen compounds prevented C1 domain translocation. However, none blocked phorbol ester-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity assessed using a phospho-specific antibody-six actually stimulated PKC activity. Cytometry, which produces higher Z' for a given FRET ratio change, might have been a better approach for discovering antagonists, as it would have allowed lower phorbol ester concentrations to be used. We conclude that CFP-YFP FRET measured in a Spectramax i3x plate reader can be used for screening under the conditions we defined. Our strategy of varying expression level and FRET ratio could be useful to others for determining conditions needed for robust cell-based intramolecular CFP-YFP FRET measurements on their instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyi Alexander Yang
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Adam Zweifach
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT, USA
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13
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Provenzani R, Tarvainen I, Brandoli G, Lempinen A, Artes S, Turku A, Jäntti MH, Talman V, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Tuominen RK, Boije af Gennäs G. Scaffold hopping from (5-hydroxymethyl) isophthalates to multisubstituted pyrimidines diminishes binding affinity to the C1 domain of protein kinase C. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195668. [PMID: 29641588 PMCID: PMC5895059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, making them extensively studied and highly attractive drug targets. Utilizing the crystal structure of the PKCδ C1B domain, we have developed hydrophobic isophthalic acid derivatives that modify PKC functions by binding to the C1 domain of the enzyme. In the present study, we aimed to improve the drug-like properties of the isophthalic acid derivatives by increasing their solubility and enhancing the binding affinity. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a series of multisubstituted pyrimidines as analogs of C1 domain–targeted isophthalates and characterize their binding affinities to the PKCα isoform. In contrast to our computational predictions, the scaffold hopping from phenyl to pyrimidine core diminished the binding affinity. Although the novel pyrimidines did not establish improved binding affinity for PKCα compared to our previous isophthalic acid derivatives, the present results provide useful structure-activity relationship data for further development of ligands targeted to the C1 domain of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Provenzani
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilari Tarvainen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulia Brandoli
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Lempinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Artes
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Helena Jäntti
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Raimo K. Tuominen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gustav Boije af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Cooke M, Zhou X, Casado-Medrano V, Lopez-Haber C, Baker MJ, Garg R, Ann J, Lee J, Blumberg PM, Kazanietz MG. Characterization of AJH-836, a diacylglycerol-lactone with selectivity for novel PKC isozymes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8330-8341. [PMID: 29636415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a key lipid second messenger downstream of cellular receptors that binds to the C1 domain in many regulatory proteins. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms constitute the most prominent family of signaling proteins with DAG-responsive C1 domains, but six other families of proteins, including the chimaerins, Ras-guanyl nucleotide-releasing proteins (RasGRPs), and Munc13 isoforms, also play important roles. Their significant involvement in cancer, immunology, and neurobiology has driven intense interest in the C1 domain as a therapeutic target. As with other classes of targets, however, a key issue is the establishment of selectivity. Here, using [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) competition binding assays, we found that a synthetic DAG-lactone, AJH-836, preferentially binds to the novel PKC isoforms PKCδ and PKCϵ relative to classical PKCα and PKCβII. Assessment of intracellular translocation, a hallmark for PKC activation, revealed that AJH-836 treatment stimulated a striking preferential redistribution of PKCϵ to the plasma membrane relative to PKCα. Moreover, unlike with the prototypical phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), prolonged exposure of cells to AJH-836 selectively down-regulated PKCδ and PKCϵ without affecting PKCα expression levels. Biologically, AJH-836 induced major changes in cytoskeletal reorganization in lung cancer cells, as determined by the formation of membrane ruffles, via activation of novel PKCs. We conclude that AJH-836 represents a C1 domain ligand with PKC-activating properties distinct from those of natural DAGs and phorbol esters. Our study supports the feasibility of generating selective C1 domain ligands that promote novel biological response patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- From the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- From the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- From the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Martin J Baker
- From the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Rachana Garg
- From the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- From the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160,
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15
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Cummins TJ, Kedei N, Czikora A, Lewin NE, Kirk S, Petersen ME, McGowan KM, Chen JQ, Luo X, Johnson RC, Ravichandran S, Blumberg PM, Keck GE. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Bryostatin Analogues. Chembiochem 2018; 19:877-889. [PMID: 29424951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the cellular distribution of tumor-promoting vs. non-tumor-promoting bryostatin analogues, we synthesized fluorescently labeled variants of two bryostatin derivatives that have previously shown either phorbol ester-like or bryostatin-like biological activity in U937 leukemia cells. These new fluorescent analogues both displayed high affinity for protein kinase C (PKC) binding and retained the basic properties of the parent unlabeled compounds in U937 assays. The fluorescent compounds showed similar patterns of intracellular distribution in cells, however; this argues against an existing hypothesis that various patterns of intracellular distribution are responsible for differences in biological activity. Upon further characterization, the fluorescent compounds revealed a slow rate of cellular uptake; correspondingly, they showed reduced activity for cellular responses that were only transient upon treatment with phorbol ester or bryostatin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cummins
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Agnes Czikora
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sharon Kirk
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mark E Petersen
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kevin M McGowan
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jin-Qiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1044, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1044, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Randall C Johnson
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences Biomedical Informatics, and Data Science (BIDS), Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Building 430, Miller Drive, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences Biomedical Informatics, and Data Science (BIDS), Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Building 430, Miller Drive, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gary E Keck
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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16
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Lawson CD, Ridley AJ. Rho GTPase signaling complexes in cell migration and invasion. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:447-457. [PMID: 29233866 PMCID: PMC5800797 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is dependent on the dynamic formation and disassembly of actin filament-based structures, including lamellipodia, filopodia, invadopodia, and membrane blebs, as well as on cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions. These processes all involve Rho family small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which are regulated by the opposing actions of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPase activity needs to be precisely tuned at distinct cellular locations to enable cells to move in response to different environments and stimuli. In this review, we focus on the ability of RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs to form complexes with diverse binding partners, and describe how this influences their ability to control localized GTPase activity in the context of migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell D Lawson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, England, UK
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17
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Czikora A, Pany S, You Y, Saini AS, Lewin NE, Mitchell GA, Abramovitz A, Kedei N, Blumberg PM, Das J. Structural determinants of phorbol ester binding activity of the C1a and C1b domains of protein kinase C theta. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1046-1056. [PMID: 29317197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The PKC isozymes represent the most prominent family of signaling proteins mediating response to the ubiquitous second messenger diacylglycerol. Among them, PKCθ is critically involved in T-cell activation. Whereas all the other conventional and novel PKC isoforms have twin C1 domains with potent binding activity for phorbol esters, in PKCθ only the C1b domain possesses potent binding activity, with little or no activity reported for the C1a domain. In order to better understand the structural basis accounting for the very weak ligand binding of the PKCθ C1a domain, we assessed the effect on ligand binding of twelve amino acid residues which differed between the C1a and C1b domains of PKCθ. Mutation of Pro9 of the C1a domain of PKCθ to the corresponding Lys9 found in C1b restored in vitro binding activity for [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate to 3.6 nM, whereas none of the other residues had substantial effect. Interestingly, the converse mutation in the C1b domain of Lys9 to Pro9 only diminished binding affinity to 11.7 nM, compared to 254 nM in the unmutated C1a. In confocal experiments, deletion of the C1b domain from full length PKCθ diminished, whereas deletion of the C1a domain enhanced 5-fold (at 100 nM PMA) the translocation to the plasma membrane. We conclude that the Pro168 residue in the C1a domain of full length PKCθ plays a critical role in the ligand and membrane binding, while exchanging the residue (Lys240) at the same position in C1b domain of full length PKCθ only modestly reduced the membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Czikora
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Satyabrata Pany
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Youngki You
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Amandeep S Saini
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Gary A Mitchell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Adelle Abramovitz
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
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18
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Kelsey JS, Géczy T, Kaler CJ, Blumberg PM. The C1 domain of Vav3, a novel potential therapeutic target. Cell Signal 2017; 40:133-142. [PMID: 28927664 PMCID: PMC5651187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vav1/2/3 comprise a protein family with guanyl nucleotide exchange activity for Rho and Rac as well as with motifs conferring adapter activity. Biologically, Vav1 plays a critical role in hematologic cell signaling, whereas Vav2/3 have a wider tissue distribution, but all 3 Vav proteins are implicated in cancer development. A structural feature of Vav1/2/3 is the presence of an atypical C1 domain, which possesses close structural homology to the typical C1 domains of protein kinase C but which fails to bind the second messenger diacylglycerol or the potent analogs, the phorbol esters. Previously, we have shown that five residues in the Vav1 C1 domain are responsible for its lack of phorbol ester binding. Here, we show that the lack of phorbol ester binding of Vav3 has a similar basis. We then explore the consequences of phorbol ester binding to a modified Vav3 in which the C1 domain has been altered to allow phorbol ester binding. We find both disruption of the guanyl nucleotide exchange activity of the modified Vav 3 as well as a shift in localization to the membrane upon phorbol ester treatment. This change in localization is associated with altered interactions with other signaling proteins. The studies provide a first step in assessing the potential for the design of custom C1 domain targeted molecules selective for the atypical C1 domains of Vav family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Kelsey
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamás Géczy
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher J Kaler
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Czikora A, Kedei N, Kalish H, Blumberg PM. Importance of the REM (Ras exchange) domain for membrane interactions by RasGRP3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2350-2360. [PMID: 28912101 PMCID: PMC5659902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RasGRP comprises a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors, regulating the dissociation of GDP from Ras GTPases to enhance the formation of the active GTP-bound form. RasGRP1 possesses REM (Ras exchange), GEF (catalytic), EF-hand, C1, SuPT (suppressor of PT), and PT (plasma membrane-targeting) domains, among which the C1 domain drives membrane localization in response to diacylglycerol or phorbol ester and the PT domain recognizes phosphoinositides. The homologous family member RasGRP3 shows less plasma membrane localization. The objective of this study was to explore the role of the different domains of RasGRP3 in membrane translocation in response to phorbol esters. The full-length RasGRP3 shows limited translocation to the plasma membrane in response to PMA, even when the basic hydrophobic cluster in the PT domain, reported to be critical for RasGRP1 translocation to endogenous activators, is mutated to resemble that of RasGRP1. Moreover, exchange of the C-termini (SuPT-PT domain) of the two proteins had little effect on their plasma membrane translocation. On the other hand, while the C1 domain of RasGRP3 alone showed partial plasma membrane translocation, truncated RasGRP3 constructs, which contain the PT domain and are missing the REM, showed stronger translocation, indicating that the REM of RasGRP3 was a suppressor of its membrane interaction. The REM of RasGRP1 failed to show comparable suppression of RasGRP3 translocation. The marked differences between RasGRP3 and RasGRP1 in membrane interaction necessarily will contribute to their different behavior in cells and are relevant to the design of selective ligands as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Czikora
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Heather Kalish
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science (BEPS), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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20
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Murillo‐Carretero M, Geribaldi‐Doldán N, Flores‐Giubi E, García‐Bernal F, Navarro‐Quiroz EA, Carrasco M, Macías‐Sánchez AJ, Herrero‐Foncubierta P, Delgado‐Ariza A, Verástegui C, Domínguez‐Riscart J, Daoubi M, Hernández‐Galán R, Castro C. ELAC (3,12-di-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloilingol), a plant-derived lathyrane diterpene, induces subventricular zone neural progenitor cell proliferation through PKCβ activation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2373-2392. [PMID: 28476069 PMCID: PMC5481651 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pharmacological strategies aimed to facilitate neuronal renewal in the adult brain, by promoting endogenous neurogenesis, constitute promising therapeutic options for pathological or traumatic brain lesions. We have previously shown that non-tumour-promoting PKC-activating compounds (12-deoxyphorbols) promote adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation in vitro and in vivo, enhancing the endogenous neurogenic response of the brain to a traumatic injury. Here, we show for the first time that a diterpene with a lathyrane skeleton can also activate PKC and promote NPC proliferation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We isolated four lathyranes from the latex of Euphorbia plants and tested their effect on postnatal NPC proliferation, using neurosphere cultures. The bioactive lathyrane ELAC (3,12-di-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloilingol) was also injected into the ventricles of adult mice to analyse its effect on adult NPC proliferation in vivo. KEY RESULTS The lathyrane ELAC activated PKC and significantly increased postnatal NPC proliferation in vitro, particularly in synergy with FGF2. In addition ELAC stimulated proliferation of NPC, specifically affecting undifferentiated transit amplifying cells. The proliferative effect of ELAC was reversed by either the classical/novel PKC inhibitor Gö6850 or the classical PKC inhibitor Gö6976, suggesting that NPC proliferation is promoted in response to activation of classical PKCs, particularly PKCß. ELAC slightly increased the proportion of NPC expressing Sox2. The effects of ELAC disappeared upon acetylation of its C7-hydroxyl group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose lathyranes like ELAC as new drug candidates to modulate adult neurogenesis through PKC activation. Functional and structural comparisons between ELAC and phorboids are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Murillo‐Carretero
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Noelia Geribaldi‐Doldán
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Eugenia Flores‐Giubi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Cádiz, Puerto RealCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO)
| | - Francisco García‐Bernal
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Elkin A Navarro‐Quiroz
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
- Universidad Simón BolívarBarranquillaColombia
| | - Manuel Carrasco
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Antonio J Macías‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Cádiz, Puerto RealCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO)
| | - Pilar Herrero‐Foncubierta
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Antonio Delgado‐Ariza
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología HumanaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación en Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Jesús Domínguez‐Riscart
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Mourad Daoubi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Cádiz, Puerto RealCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO)
| | - Rosario Hernández‐Galán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Cádiz, Puerto RealCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO)
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CádizCádizSpain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
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21
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PKC in Regenerative Therapy: New Insights for Old Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10020046. [PMID: 28524095 PMCID: PMC5490403 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies for chronic or non-healing wounds are still lacking. These tissue insults often result in severe clinical complications (i.e., infections and/or amputation) and sometimes lead to patient death. Accordingly, several research groups have focused their efforts in finding innovative and powerful therapeutic strategies to overcome these issues. On the basis of these considerations, the comprehension of the molecular cascades behind these pathological conditions could allow the identification of molecules against chronic wounds. In this context, the regulation of the Protein Kinase C (PKC) cascade has gained relevance in the prevention and/or reparation of tissue damages. This class of phosphorylating enzymes has already been considered for different physiological and pathological pathways and modulation of such enzymes may be useful in reparative processes. Herein, the recent developments in this field will be disclosed, highlighting the pivotal role of PKC α and δ in regenerative medicine. Moreover, an overview of well-established PKC ligands, acting via the modulation of these isoenzymes, will be deeply investigated. This study is aimed at re-evaluating widely known PKC modulators, currently utilized for treating other diseases, as fruitful molecules in wound-healing.
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22
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Cooke M, Magimaidas A, Casado-Medrano V, Kazanietz MG. Protein kinase C in cancer: The top five unanswered questions. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1531-1542. [PMID: 28112438 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Few kinases have been studied as extensively as protein kinase C (PKC), particularly in the context of cancer. As major cellular targets for the phorbol ester tumor promoters and diacylglycerol (DAG), a second messenger generated by stimulation of membrane receptors, PKC isozymes play major roles in the control of signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. However, despite decades of research, fundamental questions remain to be answered or are the subject of intense controversy. Primary among these unresolved issues are the role of PKC isozymes as either tumor promoter or tumor suppressor kinases and the incomplete understanding on isozyme-specific substrates and effectors. The involvement of PKC isozymes in cancer progression needs to be reassessed in the context of specific oncogenic and tumor suppressing alterations. In addition, there are still major hurdles in addressing isozyme-specific function due to the limited specificity of most pharmacological PKC modulators and the lack of validated predictive biomarkers for response, which impacts the translation of these agents to the clinic. In this review we focus on key controversial issues and upcoming challenges, with the expectation that understanding the intricacies of PKC function will help fulfill the yet unsuccessful promise of targeting PKCs for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Magimaidas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Czikora A, Lundberg DJ, Abramovitz A, Lewin NE, Kedei N, Peach ML, Zhou X, Merritt RC, Craft EA, Braun DC, Blumberg PM. Structural Basis for the Failure of the C1 Domain of Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Protein 2 (RasGRP2) to Bind Phorbol Ester with High Affinity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11133-47. [PMID: 27022025 PMCID: PMC4900263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.725333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1 domain represents the recognition module for diacylglycerol and phorbol esters in protein kinase C, Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (RasGRP), and related proteins. RasGRP2 is exceptional in that its C1 domain has very weak binding affinity (Kd = 2890 ± 240 nm for [(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. We have identified four amino acid residues responsible for this lack of sensitivity. Replacing Asn(7), Ser(8), Ala(19), and Ile(21) with the corresponding residues from RasGRP1/3 (Thr(7), Tyr(8), Gly(19), and Leu(21), respectively) conferred potent binding affinity (Kd = 1.47 ± 0.03 nm) in vitro and membrane translocation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in LNCaP cells. Mutant C1 domains incorporating one to three of the four residues showed intermediate behavior with S8Y making the greatest contribution. Binding activity for diacylglycerol was restored in parallel. The requirement for anionic phospholipid for [(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding was determined; it decreased in going from the single S8Y mutant to the quadruple mutant. The full-length RasGRP2 protein with the mutated C1 domains also showed strong phorbol ester binding, albeit modestly weaker than that of the C1 domain alone (Kd = 8.2 ± 1.1 nm for the full-length protein containing all four mutations), and displayed translocation in response to phorbol ester. RasGRP2 is a guanyl exchange factor for Rap1. Consistent with the ability of phorbol ester to induce translocation of the full-length RasGRP2 with the mutated C1 domain, phorbol ester enhanced the ability of the mutated RasGRP2 to activate Rap1. Modeling confirmed that the four mutations helped the binding cleft maintain a stable conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Czikora
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel J Lundberg
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Adelle Abramovitz
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Noemi Kedei
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Megan L Peach
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Raymond C Merritt
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Elizabeth A Craft
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Derek C Braun
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, D. C. 20002, and
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- From the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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24
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Talman V, Pascale A, Jäntti M, Amadio M, Tuominen RK. Protein Kinase C Activation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease: Is there a Role for Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision-like Proteins? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:149-60. [PMID: 27001133 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects predominantly brain areas that are critical for memory and learning and is characterized by two main pathological hallmarks: extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been classified as one of the cognitive kinases controlling memory and learning. By regulating several signalling pathways involved in amyloid and tau pathologies, it also plays an inhibitory role in AD pathophysiology. Among downstream targets of PKC are the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like RNA-binding proteins that modulate the stability and the translation of specific target mRNAs involved in synaptic remodelling linked to cognitive processes. This MiniReview summarizes the current evidence on the role of PKC and ELAV-like proteins in learning and memory, highlighting how their derangement can contribute to AD pathophysiology. This last aspect emphasizes the potential of pharmacological activation of PKC as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Jäntti
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raimo K Tuominen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Pany S, Majhi A, Das J. Selective Modulation of Protein Kinase C α over Protein Kinase C ε by Curcumin and Its Derivatives in CHO-K1 Cells. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2135-43. [PMID: 26983836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases regulate various cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Modulation of isoform-selective activity of PKC by curcumin (1), the active constituent of Curcuma L., is poorly understood, and the literature data are inconsistent and obscure. The effect of curcumin (1) and its analogues, 4-[(2Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxohepta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl oleate (2), (9Z,12Z)-4-[(2Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxohepta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (3), (9Z,12Z,15Z)-4-[(2Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxohepta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate (4), and (1E,6E)-1-[4-(hexadecyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (5), and didemethylcurcumin (6) on the membrane translocation of PKCα, a conventional PKC, and PKCε, a novel PKC, has been studied in CHO-K1 cells, in which these PKC isoforms are endogenously expressed. Translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane was measured using immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. 1 and 6 inhibited the TPA-induced membrane translocation of PKCα but not of PKCε. Modification of the hydroxyl group of curcumin with a long aliphatic chain containing unsaturated double bonds in 2-4 completely abolished this inhibition property. Instead, 2-4 showed significant translocation of PKCα but not of PKCε to the membrane. No membrane translocation was observed with 1, 6, or the analogue 5 having a saturated long chain for either PKCα or PKCε. 1 and 6 inhibited TPA-induced activation of ERK1/2, and 2-4 activated it. ERK1/2 is the downstream readout of PKC. These results show that the hydroxyl group of curcumin is important for PKC activity and the curcumin template can be useful in developing isoform specific PKC modulators for regulating a particular disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Pany
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Anjoy Majhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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26
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Kelsey JS, Cataisson C, Chen J, Herrmann MA, Petersen ME, Baumann DO, McGowan KM, Yuspa SH, Keck GE, Blumberg PM. Biological activity of the bryostatin analog Merle 23 on mouse epidermal cells and mouse skin. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2183-2195. [PMID: 26859836 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1, a complex macrocyclic lactone, is the subject of multiple clinical trials for cancer chemotherapy. Although bryostatin 1 biochemically functions like the classic mouse skin tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to bind to and activate protein kinase C, paradoxically, it fails to induce many of the typical phorbol ester responses, including tumor promotion. Intense synthetic efforts are currently underway to develop simplified bryostatin analogs that preserve the critical functional features of bryostatin 1, including its lack of tumor promoting activity. The degree to which bryostatin analogs maintain the unique pattern of biological behavior of bryostatin 1 depends on the specific cellular system and the specific response. Merle 23 is a significantly simplified bryostatin analog that retains bryostatin like activity only to a limited extent. Here, we show that in mouse epidermal cells the activity of Merle 23 was either similar to bryostatin 1 or intermediate between bryostatin 1 and PMA, depending on the specific parameter examined. We then examined the hyperplastic and tumor promoting activity of Merle 23 on mouse skin. Merle 23 showed substantially reduced hyperplasia and was not tumor promoting at a dose comparable to that for PMA. These results suggest that there may be substantial flexibility in the design of bryostatin analogs that retain its lack of tumor promoting activity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Kelsey
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Herrmann
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark E Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David O Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kevin M McGowan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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27
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Abstract
The protein kinases C (PKCs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases involved in regulating multiple essential cellular processes such as survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Of particular interest is the novel, calcium-independent PKCθ which plays a central role in immune responses. PKCθ shares structural similarities with other PKC family members, mainly consisting of an N-terminal regulatory domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain tethered by a hinge region. This isozyme, however, is unique in that it translocates to the immunological synapse between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) upon T cell receptor-peptide MHC recognition. Thereafter, PKCθ interacts physically and functionally with downstream effectors to mediate T cell activation and differentiation, subsequently leading to inflammation. PKCθ-specific perturbations have been identified in several diseases, most notably autoimmune disorders, and hence the modulation of its activity presents an attractive therapeutic intervention. To that end, many inhibitors of PKCs and PKCθ have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. And although selectivity remains a challenge, results are promising for the future development of effective PKCθ inhibitors that would greatly advance the treatment of several T-cell mediated diseases.
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28
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Kedei N, Kraft MB, Keck GE, Herald CL, Melody N, Pettit GR, Blumberg PM. Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:896-900. [PMID: 25808573 PMCID: PMC4415049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1, a complex macrocyclic lactone isolated from Bugula neritina, has been the subject of multiple clinical trials for cancer. Although it functions as an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro, bryostatin 1 paradoxically antagonizes most responses to the prototypical PKC activator, the phorbol esters. The bottom half of the bryostatin 1 structure has been shown to be sufficient to confer binding to PKC. In contrast, we have previously shown that the top half of the bryostatin 1 structure is necessary for its unique biological behavior to antagonize phorbol ester responses. Neristatin 1 comprises a top half similar to that of bryostatin 1 together with a distinct bottom half that confers PKC binding. We report here that neristatin 1 is bryostatin 1-like, not phorbol ester-like, in its biological activity on U937 promyelocytic leukemia cells. We conclude that the top half of the bryostatin 1 structure is largely sufficient for bryostatin 1-like activity, provided the molecule also possesses an appropriate PKC binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Matthew B. Kraft
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gary E. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cherry L. Herald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
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29
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Borah R, Mamidi N, Panda S, Gorai S, Pathak SK, Manna D. Elucidating the interaction of γ-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone substituents with model membranes and protein kinase C-C1 domains. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1389-99. [PMID: 25820877 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of proteins is an attractive drug target. Dysregulation of PKC-dependent signalling pathways is related to several human diseases like cancer, immunological and other diseases. We approached the problem of altering PKC activities by developing C1 domain-based PKC ligands. In this report γ-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone (HGL) substituents were investigated in an effort to develop small molecule-based PKC regulators with higher specificity for C1 domain than the endogenous diacylglycerols (DAGs). Extensive analysis of membrane-ligands interaction measurements revealed that the membrane-active compounds strongly interact with the lipid bilayers and the hydrophilic parts of compounds localize at the bilayer/water interface. The pharmacophores like hydroxymethyl, carbonyl groups and acyl-chain length of the compounds are crucial for their interaction with the C1 domain proteins. The potent compounds showed more than 17-fold stronger binding affinity for the C1 domains than DAG under similar experimental conditions. Nonradioactive kinase assay confirmed that these potent compounds have similar or better PKC dependent phosphorylation capabilities than DAG under similar experimental conditions. Hence, our findings reveal that these HGL analogues represent an attractive group of structurally simple C1 domain ligands that can be further structurally altered to improve their potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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30
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Abstract
In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Antal and colleagues describe how phosphorylation optimizes the signaling range of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Priming of these enzymes regulates intramolecular conformational changes, which reduces access to their diacylglycerol (DAG) binding C1 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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31
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Rossi D, Talman V, Gennäs GBA, Marra A, Picconi P, Nasti R, Serra M, Ann J, Amadio M, Pascale A, Tuominen RK, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Lee J, Collina S. Beyond the affinity for protein kinase C: exploring 2-phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl pivalate analogues as C1 domain-targeting ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past fifteen years, we reported the design and synthesis of different series of compounds targeting the C1 domain of protein kinase C (PKC) that were based on various templates.
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32
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Molecular regulation of synaptogenesis during associative learning and memory. Brain Res 2014; 1621:239-51. [PMID: 25485772 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synaptogenesis plays a central role in associative learning and memory. The biochemical pathways that underlie synaptogenesis are complex and incompletely understood. Nevertheless, research has so far identified three conceptually distinct routes to synaptogenesis: cell-cell contact mediated by adhesion proteins, cell-cell biochemical signaling from astrocytes and other cells, and neuronal signaling through classical ion channels and cell surface receptors. The cell adhesion pathways provide the physical substrate to the new synaptic connection, while cell-cell signaling may provide a global or regional signal, and the activity-dependent pathways provide the neuronal specificity that is required for the new synapses to produce functional neuronal networks capable of storing associative memories. These three aspects of synaptogenesis require activation of a variety of interacting biochemical pathways that converge on the actin cytoskeleton and strengthen the synapse in an information-dependent manner. This article is part of a Special Issue titled SI: Brain and Memory.
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C1 domain-targeted isophthalates as protein kinase C modulators: structure-based design, structure–activity relationships and biological activities. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:1543-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20140181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the AGC family. PKC isoenzymes are activated by phospholipid-derived second messengers, transmit their signal by phosphorylating specific substrates and play a pivotal role in the regulation of various cell functions, including metabolism, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Therefore they represent an interesting molecular target for the treatment of several diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Adopting a structure-based approach on the crystal structure of the PKCδ C1B domain, our team has developed isophthalic acid derivatives that are able to modify PKC functions by binding to the C1 domain of the enzyme. Bis[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl] 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate (HMI-1a3) and bis(1-ethylpentyl) 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate (HMI-1b11) were selected from a set of compounds for further studies due to their high affinity for the C1 domains of PKCα and PKCδ. HMI-1a3 showed marked antiproliferative activity in HeLa cells whereas HMI-1b11 induced differentiation and supported neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells. Our aim in the future is to improve the selectivity and potency of isophthalate derivatives, to clarify their mechanism of action in the cellular environment and to assess their efficacy in cell-based and in vivo disease models. HMI-1a3 has already been selected for a further project and redesigned to function as a probe immobilized on an affinity chromatography column. It will be used to identify cellular target proteins from cell lysates, providing new insights into the mechanism of action of HMI-1a3.
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34
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Ann J, Yoon S, Baek J, Kim DH, Lewin NE, Hill CS, Blumberg PM, Lee J. Design and synthesis of protein kinase C epsilon selective diacylglycerol lactones (DAG-lactones). Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:332-41. [PMID: 25437619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
DAG-lactones afford a synthetically accessible, high affinity platform for probing structure activity relationships at the C1 regulatory domain of protein kinase C (PKC). Given the central role of PKC isoforms in cellular signaling, along with their differential biological activities, a critical objective is the design of isoform selective ligands. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of DAG-lactones varying in their side chains, with a particular focus on linoleic acid derivatives. We evaluated their selectivity for PKC epsilon versus PKC alpha both under standard lipid conditions (100% phosphatidylserine, PS) as well as in the presence of a nuclear membrane mimetic lipid mixture (NML). We find that selectivity for PKC epsilon versus PKC alpha tended to be enhanced in the presence of the nuclear membrane mimetic lipid mixture and, for our lead compound, report a selectivity of 32-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Baek
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colin S Hill
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 521 Science and Research Building 2, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ghazi M. Rahman
- Department of Pharmacological
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 521 Science and Research Building 2, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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36
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Lewis KT, Maddipati KR, Taatjes DJ, Jena BP. Neuronal porosome lipidome. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1927-37. [PMID: 25224862 PMCID: PMC4244008 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cup-shaped lipoprotein structures called porosomes are the universal secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intravesicular contents. In neurons, porosomes measure ∼15 nm and are comprised of nearly 40 proteins, among them SNAREs, ion channels, the Gαo G-protein and several structural proteins. Earlier studies report the interaction of specific lipids and their influence on SNAREs, ion channels and G-protein function. Our own studies demonstrate the requirement of cholesterol for the maintenance of neuronal porosome integrity, and the influence of lipids on SNARE complex assembly. In this study, to further understand the role of lipids on porosome structure-function, the lipid composition of isolated neuronal porosome was determined using mass spectrometry. Using lipid-binding assays, the affinity of porosome-associated syntaxin-1A to various lipids was determined. Our mass spectrometry results demonstrate the presence of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIP's) and phosphatidic acid (PA) among other lipids, and the enriched presence of ceramide (Cer), lysophosphatidylinositol phosphates (LPIP) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Lipid binding assays demonstrate the binding of neuronal porosome to cardiolipin, and confirm its association with PIP's and PA. The ability of exogenous PA to alter protein–protein interaction and neurotransmitter release is further demonstrated from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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37
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Talukdar D, Panda S, Borah R, Manna D. Membrane Interaction and Protein Kinase C-C1 Domain Binding Properties of 4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl) Phenyl Ester Analogues. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:7541-7553. [PMID: 24936745 DOI: 10.1021/jp5044305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC)-C1 domain targeted regulator development is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer and immunological and other diseases. Efforts are underway to synthesize small molecules to achieve higher specificity for the C1-domain than the natural activator, diacylglycerols (DAGs). In this regard, we conveniently synthesized 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl ester analogues and measured in vitro C1-domain binding properties. We also investigated different physicochemical properties of the synthesized molecules, including aggregation behavior in aqueous solution and interaction with lipid bilayers, and others with an aim for better understanding of their C1-domain binding properties. The results showed that the membrane-active compounds aggregate in aqueous solution at a reasonably lower concentration and strongly interact with the lipid bilayer. The hydrophilic part of the compounds localize at the bilayer/water interface and accessible for C1-domain binding. Biophysical studies revealed that the hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, and carbonyl groups and acyl chain length are important for their interaction with the C1-domain. The potent compound showed more than 10-fold stronger binding affinity for the C1-domains than DAG under similar experimental conditions. Therefore, our findings reveal that these ester analogues represent an attractive group of C1-domain ligands that can be further structurally modified to improve their binding and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipjyoti Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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38
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Kedei N, Chen JQ, Herrmann MA, Telek A, Goldsmith PK, Petersen ME, Keck GE, Blumberg PM. Molecular systems pharmacology: isoelectric focusing signature of protein kinase Cδ provides an integrated measure of its modulation in response to ligands. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5356-69. [PMID: 24906106 PMCID: PMC4216220 DOI: 10.1021/jm500417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
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Protein
kinase C (PKC), a validated therapeutic target for cancer
chemotherapy, provides a paradigm for assessing structure–activity
relations, where ligand binding has multiple consequences for a target.
For PKC, ligand binding controls not only PKC activation and multiple
phosphorylations but also subcellular localization, affecting subsequent
signaling. Using a capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay system,
we could visualize a high resolution isoelectric focusing signature
of PKCδ upon stimulation by ligands of the phorbol ester and
bryostatin classes. Derivatives that possessed different physicochemical
characteristics and induced different patterns of biological response
generated different signatures. Consistent with different patterns
of PKCδ localization as one factor linked to these different
signatures, we found different signatures for activated PKCδ
from the nuclear and non-nuclear fractions. We conclude that the capillary
isoelectric focusing immunoassay system may provide a window into
the integrated consequences of ligand binding and thus afford a powerful
platform for compound development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, ‡Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and §Office of Science and Technology Partnerships, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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39
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Pu Y, Kang JH, Sigano DM, Peach M, Lewin NE, Marquez VE, Blumberg PM. Diacylglycerol lactones targeting the structural features that distinguish the atypical C1 domains of protein kinase C ζ and ι from typical C1 domains. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3835-44. [PMID: 24684293 PMCID: PMC4310642 DOI: 10.1021/jm500165n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To explore the feasibility of developing ligands targeted to the atypical C1 domains of protein kinase C ζ and ι, we have prepared diacylglycerol lactones substituted with hydrophilic groups on their side chains, which potentially could interact with the arginine residues that distinguish the atypical C1 domains of PKCζ and PKCι from typical C1 domains, and we have measured their binding to mutated versions of the C1b domain of PKCδ that incorporate one or more of these arginine residues. The most selective of the diacylglycerol lactones showed only a 10-fold reduction in binding affinity with the triple arginine mutant (N7R/S10R/L20R) compared to the wild-type, whereas phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate showed a 6000-fold loss of affinity. Molecular modeling confirms that these ligands are indeed able to interact with the arginine residues. Our results show that dramatic changes in selectivity can be obtained through appropriate substitution of diacylglycerol lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Pu
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Ji-Hye Kang
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Dina M. Sigano
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Megan
L. Peach
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory
for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical,
Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Nancy E. Lewin
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Victor E. Marquez
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
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40
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Kelsey JS, Geczy T, Lewin NE, Kedei N, Hill CS, Selezneva JS, Valle CJ, Woo W, Gorshkova I, Blumberg PM. Charge density influences C1 domain ligand affinity and membrane interactions. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1131-1144. [PMID: 24777910 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201400041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The C1 domain, which represents the recognition motif on protein kinase C for the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol and its ultrapotent analogues, the phorbol esters, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer and other indications. Potential target selectivity is markedly enhanced both because binding reflects ternary complex formation between the ligand, C1 domain, and phospholipid, and because binding drives membrane insertion of the C1 domain, permitting aspects of the C1 domain surface outside the binding site, per se, to influence binding energetics. Here, focusing on charged residues identified in atypical C1 domains which contribute to their loss of ligand binding activity, we showed that increasing charge along the rim of the binding cleft of the protein kinase C δ C1 b domain raises the requirement for anionic phospholipids. Correspondingly, it shifts the selectivity of C1 domain translocation to the plasma membrane, which is more negatively charged than internal membranes. This change in localization is most pronounced in the case of more hydrophilic ligands, which provide weaker membrane stabilization than do the more hydrophobic ligands and thus contributes an element to the structure-activity relations for C1 domain ligands. Coexpressing pairs of C1-containing constructs with differing charges each expressing a distinct fluorescent tag provided a powerful tool to demonstrate the effect of increasing charge in the C1 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Kelsey
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Tamas Geczy
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Colin S Hill
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Julia S Selezneva
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Christopher J Valle
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Wonhee Woo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Inna Gorshkova
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Share Resource Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
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41
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Rahman GM, Das J. Modeling studies on the structural determinants for the DAG/phorbol ester binding to C1 domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:219-32. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.895679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Irie K, Yanagita RC. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Simplified Analogs of the Natural PKC Ligands, Bryostatin-1 and Aplysiatoxin. CHEM REC 2014; 14:251-67. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ryo C. Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University; Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
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43
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Talman V, Gateva G, Ahti M, Ekokoski E, Lappalainen P, Tuominen RK. Evidence for a role of MRCK in mediating HeLa cell elongation induced by the C1 domain ligand HMI-1a3. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 55:46-57. [PMID: 24486483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a central mediator of signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Therefore, C1 domain, the DAG binding site within protein kinase C (PKC) and other DAG effector proteins, is considered a potential cancer drug target. Derivatives of 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalic acid are a novel group of C1 domain ligands with antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects. Our previous work showed that these isophthalate derivatives exhibit antiproliferative and elongation-inducing effects in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. In this study we further characterized the effects of bis(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl) 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate (HMI-1a3) on HeLa cell proliferation and morphology. HMI-1a3-induced cell elongation was accompanied with loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, and exposure to HMI-1a3 induced a prominent relocation of cofilin-1 into the nucleus regardless of cell phenotype. The antiproliferative and morphological responses to HMI-1a3 were not modified by pharmacological inhibition or activation of PKC, or by RNAi knock-down of specific PKC isoforms, suggesting that the effects of HMI-1a3 were not mediated by PKC. Genome-wide gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis suggested that, among others, HMI-1a3 induces changes in small GTPase-mediated signaling pathways. Our experiments revealed that the isophthalates bind also to the C1 domains of β2-chimaerin, protein kinase D (PKD) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK), which are potential mediators of small GTPase signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. Pharmacological inhibition of MRCK, but not that of PKD attenuated HMI-1a3-induced cell elongation, suggesting that MRCK participates in mediating the effects of HMI-1a3 on HeLa cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Gergana Gateva
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Ahti
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ekokoski
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo K Tuominen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Mamidi N, Panda S, Borah R, Manna D. Synthesis and protein kinase C (PKC)-C1 domain binding properties of diacyltetrol based anionic lipids. MOL. BIOSYST. 2014; 10:3002-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-C1 domain binding specificity of the anionic hybrid lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
| | - Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
| | - Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
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45
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR of 3-benzoates of ingenol for treatment of actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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46
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Borah R, Talukdar D, Gorai S, Bain D, Manna D. Bilayer interaction and protein kinase C-C1 domain binding studies of kojic acid esters. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02352h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of kojic acid ester analogues and their lipid bilayer interaction and PKC-C1 domain binding properties have been demonstrated in this present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- , India
| | - Dipjyoti Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- , India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- , India
| | - Dipankar Bain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- , India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- , India
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47
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Talman V, Amadio M, Osera C, Sorvari S, Boije Af Gennäs G, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Rossi D, Govoni S, Collina S, Ekokoski E, Tuominen RK, Pascale A. The C1 domain-targeted isophthalate derivative HMI-1b11 promotes neurite outgrowth and GAP-43 expression through PKCα activation in SH-SY5Y cells. Pharmacol Res 2013; 73:44-54. [PMID: 23643828 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine phosphotransferases ubiquitously expressed and involved in multiple cellular functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. The C1 domain of PKC represents an attractive drug target, especially for developing PKC activators. Dialkyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalates are a novel group of synthetic C1 domain ligands that exhibit antiproliferative effect in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Here we selected two isophthalates, HMI-1a3 and HMI-1b11, and characterized their effects in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Both of the active isophthalates exhibited significant antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects. Since HMI-1b11 did not impair cell survival even at the highest concentration tested (20μM), and supported neurite growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, we focused on studying its downstream signaling cascades and effects on gene expression. Consistently, genome-wide gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that HMI-1b11 (10μM) induced changes in genes mainly related to cell differentiation. In particular, further studies revealed that HMI-1b11 exposure induced up-regulation of GAP-43, a marker for neurite sprouting and neuronal differentiation. These effects were induced by a 7-min HMI-1b11 treatment and specifically depended on PKCα activation, since pretreatment with the selective inhibitor Gö6976 abolished the up-regulation of GAP-43 protein observed at 12h. In parallel, we found that a 7-min exposure to HMI-1b11 induced PKCα accumulation to the cytoskeleton, an effect that was again prevented by pretreatment with Gö6976. Despite similar binding affinities to PKC, the isophthalates had different effects on PKC-dependent ERK1/2 signaling: HMI-1a3-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was transient, while HMI-1b11 induced a rapid but prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Overall our data are in accordance with previous studies showing that activation of the PKCα and ERK1/2 pathways participate in regulating neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, since PKC has been classified as one of the cognitive kinases, and activation of PKC is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cognitive disorders, our findings suggest that HMI-1b11 represents a promising lead compound in research aimed to prevent or counteract memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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48
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Identification of the activator-binding residues in the second cysteine-rich regulatory domain of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ). Biochem J 2013; 451:33-44. [PMID: 23289588 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PKC (protein kinase C) θ is predominantly expressed in T-cells and is critically involved in immunity. Design of PKCθ-selective molecules to manage autoimmune disorders by targeting its activator-binding C1 domain requires the knowledge of its structure and the activator-binding residues. The C1 domain consists of twin C1 domains, C1A and C1B, of which C1B plays a critical role in the membrane translocation and activation of PKCθ. In the present study we determined the crystal structure of PKCθC1B to 1.63 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) resolution, which showed that Trp(253) at the rim of the activator-binding pocket was orientated towards the membrane, whereas in PKCδC1B the homologous tryptophan residue was orientated away from the membrane. This particular orientation of Trp(253) affects the size of the activator-binding pocket and the membrane affinity. To further probe the structural constraints on activator-binding, five residues lining the activator-binding site were mutated (Y239A, T243A, W253G, L255G and Q258G) and the binding affinities of the PKCθC1B mutants were measured. These mutants showed reduced binding affinities for phorbol ester [PDBu (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate)] and diacylglycerol [DOG (sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol), SAG (sn-1-stearoyl 2-arachidonyl glycerol)]. All five full-length PKCθ mutants exhibited reduced phorbol-ester-induced membrane translocation compared with the wild-type. These results provide insights into the PKCθ activator-binding domain, which will aid in future design of PKCθ-selective molecules.
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49
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Kedei N, Telek A, Michalowski AM, Kraft MB, Li W, Poudel YB, Rudra A, Petersen ME, Keck GE, Blumberg PM. Comparison of transcriptional response to phorbol ester, bryostatin 1, and bryostatin analogs in LNCaP and U937 cancer cell lines provides insight into their differential mechanism of action. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:313-24. [PMID: 23146662 PMCID: PMC3553297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1, like the phorbol esters, binds to and activates protein kinase C (PKC) but paradoxically antagonizes many but not all phorbol ester responses. Previously, we have compared patterns of biological response to bryostatin 1, phorbol ester, and the bryostatin 1 derivative Merle 23 in two human cancer cell lines, LNCaP and U937. Bryostatin 1 fails to induce a typical phorbol ester biological response in either cell line, whereas Merle 23 resembles phorbol ester in the U937 cells and bryostatin 1 in the LNCaP cells. Here, we have compared the pattern of their transcriptional response in both cell lines. We examined by qPCR the transcriptional response as a function of dose and time for a series of genes regulated by PKCs. In both cell lines bryostatin 1 differed primarily from phorbol ester in having a shorter duration of transcriptional modulation. This was not due to bryostatin 1 instability, since bryostatin 1 suppressed the phorbol ester response. In both cell lines Merle 23 induced a pattern of transcription largely like that of phorbol ester although with a modest reduction at later times in the LNCaP cells, suggesting that the difference in biological response of the two cell lines to Merle 23 lies downstream of this transcriptional regulation. For a series of bryostatins and analogs which ranged from bryostatin 1-like to phorbol ester-like in activity on the U937 cells, the duration of transcriptional response correlated with the pattern of biological activity, suggesting that this may provide a robust platform for structure activity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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50
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Mamidi N, Borah R, Sinha N, Jana C, Manna D. Effects of Ortho Substituent Groups of Protocatechualdehyde Derivatives on Binding to the C1 Domain of Novel Protein Kinase C. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10684-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Chandramohan Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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