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Kim HR, Jung Y, Shin J, Park M, Kweon DH, Ban C. Neuron-recognizable characteristics of peptides recombined using a neuronal binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4980. [PMID: 35322139 PMCID: PMC8943039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant peptides were designed using the C-terminal domain (receptor binding domain, RBD) and its subdomain (peptide A2) of a heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin A-type 1 (BoNT/A1), which can bind to the luminal domain of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C-LD). Peptide A2- or RBD-containing recombinant peptides linked to an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) were prepared by expression in Escherichia coli. A pull-down assay using SV2C-LD-covered resins showed that the recombinant peptides for CDC297 BoNT/A1, referred to EGFP-A2' and EGFP-RBD', exhibited ≥ 2.0-times stronger binding affinity to SV2C-LD than those for the wild-type BoNT/A1. Using bio-layer interferometry, an equilibrium dissociation rate constant (KD) of EGFP-RBD' to SV2C-LD was determined to be 5.45 μM, which is 33.87- and 15.67-times smaller than the KD values for EGFP and EGFP-A2', respectively. Based on confocal laser fluorescence micrometric analysis, the adsorption/absorption of EGFP-RBD' to/in differentiated PC-12 cells was 2.49- and 1.29-times faster than those of EGFP and EGFP-A2', respectively. Consequently, the recombinant peptides acquired reasonable neuron-specific binding/internalizing ability through the recruitment of RBD'. In conclusion, RBDs of BoNTs are versatile protein domains that can be used to mark neural systems and treat a range of disorders in neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biomolecule Control, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeok Shin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Myungseo Park
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Biomolecule Control, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Biologics Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in BioCosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choongjin Ban
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kardos J, Dobolyi Á, Szabó Z, Simon Á, Lourmet G, Palkovits M, Héja L. Molecular Plasticity of the Nucleus Accumbens Revisited-Astrocytic Waves Shall Rise. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7950-7965. [PMID: 31134458 PMCID: PMC6834761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Part of the ventral striatal division, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) drives the circuit activity of an entire macrosystem about reward like a "flagship," signaling and leading diverse conducts. Accordingly, NAc neurons feature complex inhibitory phenotypes that assemble to process circuit inputs and generate outputs by exploiting specific arrays of opposite and/or parallel neurotransmitters, neuromodulatory peptides. The resulting complex combinations enable versatile yet specific forms of accumbal circuit plasticity, including maladaptive behaviors. Although reward signaling and behavior are elaborately linked to neuronal circuit activities, it is plausible to propose whether these neuronal ensembles and synaptic islands can be directly controlled by astrocytes, a powerful modulator of neuronal activity. Pioneering studies showed that astrocytes in the NAc sense citrate cycle metabolites and/or ATP and may induce recurrent activation. We argue that the astrocytic calcium, GABA, and Glu signaling and altered sodium and chloride dynamics fundamentally shape metaplasticity by providing active regulatory roles in the synapse- and network-level flexibility of the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabó
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Guillaume Lourmet
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 58, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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3
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Stout KA, Dunn AR, Hoffman C, Miller GW. The Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2: Structure, Function, and Disease Relevance. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3927-3938. [PMID: 31394034 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) family is comprised of three paralogues: SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. In vertebrates, SV2s are 12-transmembrane proteins present on every secretory vesicle, including synaptic vesicles, and are critical to neurotransmission. Structural and functional studies suggest that SV2 proteins may play several roles to promote proper vesicular function. Among these roles are their potential to stabilize the transmitter content of vesicles, to maintain and orient the releasable pool of vesicles, and to regulate vesicular calcium sensitivity to ensure efficient, coordinated release of the transmitter. The SV2 family is highly relevant to human health in a number of ways. First, SV2A plays a role in neuronal excitability and as such is the specific target for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. SV2 proteins also act as the target by which potent neurotoxins, particularly botulinum, gain access to neurons and exert their toxicity. Both SV2B and SV2C are increasingly implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, despite decades of intensive research, their exact function remains elusive. Thus, SV2 proteins are intriguing in their potentially diverse roles within the presynaptic terminal, and several recent developments have enhanced our understanding and appreciation of the protein family. Here, we review the structure and function of SV2 proteins as well as their relevance to disease and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Stout
- Department of Physiology , Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois , United States
| | - Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , United States
| | - Carlie Hoffman
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , United States
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , New York , United States
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4
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D'Almeida O, Mothar O, Bondzie EA, Lieumo Y, Tagne L, Gupta S, Volkert T, Levine S, Tagne JB. Encapsulated miR-200c and Nkx2.1 in a nuclear/mitochondria transcriptional regulatory network of non-metastatic and metastatic lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:136. [PMID: 30744585 PMCID: PMC6371494 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides with diagnostic and therapeutic action [Curr Drug Targets, 2015. 16(12): p. 1381-403], affecting the expression of mRNAs involved in invasion, migration, and development [Oncotarget, 2015. 6(9): p. 6472-98, Cancer Manag Res, 2014. 6: p. 205-16]. miR-200c is part of the miR-200c/141 cluster on chromosome 12p13. Its mechanism of action when encapsulated is critical in lung cancer when patients express changes in miRNAs. miR-200c be a potential biomarkers for various lung diseases. As a potential therapy, miR-200c can impacts lives as target lung cancer is a leading cause of death with about 234,000 cases annually, high heterogeneity, complex screening, and a 5-year survival rate of 16% [CA Cancer J Clin, 2016.66(1): p. 7-30]. Encapsulated miR-200c efficiently enhances bioavailability, pharmacokinetics of therapeutics and targeting to cells, improves efficacy and provides potential cure. METHODS The functions of miR-200c were determined in non-metastatic KW-634 and metastatic 821-T4 and 821-LN mouse lung cancer cell lines after various Nano vehicle treatments. Viability and cytotoxicity were determined by cell cycle and quantitative real-time PCR analyses were used to quantify levels of miR-200c and its target genes. In situ hybridization was used to visualize patterns of expression of miR-200c and others in the lung and many organs. Next-generation sequencing accession number GSE125000, invasion and migration assays using transwell chambers, and ActivSignal were used to elucidate the activation and inhibition profiles and perform direct expression measurements and modification of cellular components. RESULTS Due to their effectiveness as intracellular vesicles transporting miR-200c into, out, and between parts of the cells, miR-200c is encapsulated with cholesterol, an integral part of the biological membranes with very important physical properties of the vehicle. Nano miR-200c showed efficient cellular uptake in KW-634, 821-T4, and 821-LN cells with important changes in gene expression and new isoforms. In KW-634, when treated with encapsulated miR-200c and compare to the non-encapsulated control; miR-29b increased by 5261-fold, and in 821-T4/LN, miR-1247 increased by 150-fold. Conversely, miR-1247 and miR-675 decreased by 348 and 1029.5-fold, respectively. miR-189 decreased by 34-fold in treated 821-T4 cells. A reduction of growth was observed only after 48 h of treatment with Nano miR-200c. Moreover, labeling the vehicle with carboxy-fluorescein showed that the encapsulated particles enter the nucleus and mitochondria. Encapsulated miR-200c by entering the cells, the nucleus and mitochondria, trigger changes in cell cycle phases with 4 up to 12 fold percentage in G2 and S phase respectively compare to miR-200c. Endogenous expression of Nkx2.1, miR-200c, and their targets Myb, Nfib, Six4 and Six1 showed an inverse correlation, as observed in development. CONCLUSIONS Little is known about miR-200c involvement in regulatory processes. Nano miR-200c affects invasion and migration mechanisms. The expression of encapsulated miR-200c contributes to the inhibition/activation of Kras, EMT, Hippo, regulatory pathways and blockers of metastasis. Delivery of miR-200c increases the expression of miR-29b, an EMY regulator, and miR-1247, an inhibitor of cancer genes, both tumor suppressors involved in lung metastasis. Encapsulated miR-200c act on different proteins that regulates cell cycle pathways. These findings represent a part of a regulatory network providing new insights towards improvement of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D'Almeida
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université D'Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Omar Mothar
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Esther Apraku Bondzie
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yolande Lieumo
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Laure Tagne
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR), Nine Cambridge Center Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Volkert
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR), Nine Cambridge Center Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Stuart Levine
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jean-Bosco Tagne
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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5
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Zhang P, Rhodes JS, Garland T, Perez SD, Southey BR, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Brain region-dependent gene networks associated with selective breeding for increased voluntary wheel-running behavior. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201773. [PMID: 30071007 PMCID: PMC6072066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior are helpful models for uncovering gene networks associated with increased motivation for physical activity and other reward-dependent behaviors. The fact that multiple brain regions are hypothesized to contribute to distinct behavior components necessitates the simultaneous study of these regions. The goals of this study were to identify brain-region dependent and independent gene expression patterns, regulators, and networks associated with increased voluntary wheel-running behavior. The cerebellum and striatum from a high voluntary running line and a non-selected control line were compared. Neuropeptide genes annotated to reward-dependent processes including neuropeptide S receptor 1 (Npsr1), neuropeptide Y (Npy), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9), and genes implicated in motor coordination including vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 (Krt25) were among the genes exhibiting activity line-by-region interaction effects. Genes annotated to the Parkinson pathway presented consistent line patterns, albeit at different orders of magnitude between brain regions, suggesting some parallel events in response to selection for high voluntary activity. The comparison of gene networks between brain regions highlighted genes including transcription factor AP-2-delta (Tfap2d), distal-less homeobox 5 gene (Dlx5) and sine oculis homeobox homolog 3 (Six3) that exhibited line differential expression in one brain region and are associated with reward-dependent behaviors. Transcription factors including En2, Stat6 and Eomes predominated among regulators of genes that differed in expression between lines. Results from the simultaneous study of striatum and cerebellum confirm the necessity to study molecular mechanisms associated with voluntary activity and reward-dependent behaviors in consideration of brain region dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Sam D. Perez
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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6
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Szekely E, Schwantes-An THL, Justice CM, Sabourin JA, Jansen PR, Muetzel RL, Sharp W, Tiemeier H, Sung H, White TJ, Wilson AF, Shaw P. Genetic associations with childhood brain growth, defined in two longitudinal cohorts. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:405-414. [PMID: 29682794 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are unraveling the genetics of adult brain neuroanatomy as measured by cross-sectional anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI). However, the genetic mechanisms that shape childhood brain development are, as yet, largely unexplored. In this study we identify common genetic variants associated with childhood brain development as defined by longitudinal aMRI. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were determined in two cohorts: one enriched for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (LONG cohort: 458 participants; 119 with ADHD) and the other from a population-based cohort (Generation R: 257 participants). The growth of the brain's major regions (cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum) and one region of interest (the right lateral prefrontal cortex) were defined on all individuals from two aMRIs, and a GWAS and a pathway analysis were performed. In addition, association between polygenic risk for ADHD and brain growth was determined for the LONG cohort. For white matter growth, GWAS meta-analysis identified a genome-wide significant intergenic SNP (rs12386571, P = 9.09 × 10-9 ), near AKR1B10. This gene is part of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily and shows neural expression. No enrichment of neural pathways was detected and polygenic risk for ADHD was not associated with the brain growth phenotypes in the LONG cohort that was enriched for the diagnosis of ADHD. The study illustrates the use of a novel brain growth phenotype defined in vivo for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szekely
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tae-Hwi Linus Schwantes-An
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cristina M Justice
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A Sabourin
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip R Jansen
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital-Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital-Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Sharp
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital-Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heejong Sung
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tonya J White
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital-Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander F Wilson
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip Shaw
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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7
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Cadoni C. Fischer 344 and Lewis Rat Strains as a Model of Genetic Vulnerability to Drug Addiction. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 26903787 PMCID: PMC4746315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Today it is well acknowledged that both nature and nurture play important roles in the genesis of psychopathologies, including drug addiction. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors contribute for at least 40–60% of the variation in liability to drug dependence. Human genetic studies suggest that multiple genes of small effect, rather than single genes, contribute to the genesis of behavioral psychopathologies. Therefore, the use of inbred rat strains might provide a valuable tool to identify differences, linked to genotype, important in liability to addiction and related disorders. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. This review will provide evidence in support of this model for the study of the genetic influence on addiction vulnerability, with particular emphasis on differences in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission, rewarding and emotional function. It will be highlighted that Lewis and Fischer 344 rats differ not only in several indices of DA transmission and adaptive changes following repeated drug exposure, but also in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness, influencing not only the ability of the individual to cope with stressful events, but also interfering with rewarding and motivational processes, given the influence of corticosteroids on dopamine neuron functionality. Further differences between the two strains, as impulsivity or anxiousness, might contribute to their different proneness to addiction, and likely these features might be linked to their different DA neurotransmission plasticity. Although differences in other neurotransmitter systems might deserve further investigation, results from the reviewed studies might open new vistas in understanding aberrant deviations in reward and motivational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council of ItalyCagliari, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence", University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
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8
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Peterson JR, Hill CC, Marshall AT, Stuebing SL, Kirkpatrick K. I can't wait: Methods for measuring and moderating individual differences in impulsive choice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:89-99. [PMID: 27695664 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2015-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive choice behavior occurs when individuals make choices without regard for future consequences. This behavior is often maladaptive and is a common symptom in many disorders, including drug abuse, compulsive gambling, and obesity. Several proposed mechanisms may influence impulsive choice behavior. These mechanisms provide a variety of pathways that may provide the basis for individual differences that are often evident when measuring choice behavior. This review provides an overview of these different pathways to impulsive choice, and the behavioral intervention strategies being developed to moderate impulsive choice. Because of the compelling link between impulsive choice behavior and the near-epidemic pervasiveness of obesity in the United States, we focus on the relationship between impulsive choice behavior and obesity as a test case for application of the multiple pathways approach. Choosing immediate gratification over healthier long term food choices is a contributing factor to the obesity crisis. Behavioral interventions can lead to more self controlled choices in a rat pre-clinical model, suggesting a possible gateway for translation to human populations. Designing and implementing effective impulsive choice interventions is crucial to improving the overall health and well-being of impulsive individuals.
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9
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Rohde K, Federbusch M, Horstmann A, Keller M, Villringer A, Stumvoll M, Tönjes A, Kovacs P, Böttcher Y. Genetic variants in AKR1B10 associate with human eating behavior. BMC Genet 2015; 16:31. [PMID: 25887478 PMCID: PMC4379593 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human Aldoketoreductase 1B10 gene (AKR1B10) encodes one of the enzymes belonging to the family of aldoketoreductases and may be involved in detoxification of nutrients during digestion. Further, AKR1B10 mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) expression was diminished in brain regions potentially involved in the regulation of eating behavior in rats which are more sensitive to cocaine and alcohol. We hypothesized that the human AKR1B10 gene may also play a role in the regulation of human eating behavior. RESULTS We investigated the effects of 5 genetic variants of AKR1B10 on human eating behavior among 548 subjects from a German self-contained population, the Sorbs, and in 350 subjects from another independent German cohort. Among the Sorbs, we observed nominal associations with disinhibition at the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) variant rs10232478 and the intragenic variants rs1834150 and rs782881 (all P ≤ 0.05). Further, we detected a relationship of rs1834150 and rs782881 with waist, smoking consumption (rs782881) and coffee consumption (rs1834150) (all P ≤ 0.05). Albeit non-significant, replication analyses revealed similar effect directions for disinhibition at rs1834150 (combined P = 0.0096). Moreover, in the replication cohort we found rs1834150 related to increased restraint scores with a similar direction as in the Sorbs (combined P = 0.0072). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that genetic variants in the AKR1B10 locus may influence human eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rohde
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Federbusch
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Annette Horstmann
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Maria Keller
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Arno Villringer
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Leipzig, Germany. .,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Smith AP, Marshall AT, Kirkpatrick K. Mechanisms of impulsive choice: II. Time-based interventions to improve self-control. Behav Processes 2015; 112:29-42. [PMID: 25444771 PMCID: PMC4314470 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive choice behavior has been proposed as a primary risk factor for other maladaptive behaviors (e.g., gambling, substance abuse). Recent research has suggested that timing processes may play a key role in impulsive choice behavior, and could provide an avenue for altering impulsive choice. Accordingly, the current experiments assessed a set of time-based behavioral interventions to increase self-control while simultaneously assessing effects on timing processes within the impulsive choice task. Three experiments assessed temporal interventions using a differential reinforcement of low rates task (Experiment 1) and exposure to either a variable or fixed interval schedule (Experiments 2-3). The efficacy of the interventions was assessed in Sprague-Dawley (Experiments 1-2) and Lewis (Experiment 3) rat strains. Impulsive choice behavior was assessed by measuring preferences of a smaller-sooner (SS) versus a larger-later (LL) reward, while timing of the SS and LL durations was measured during peak trials within the impulsive choice procedure. The rats showed an increased preference for the LL following all three time-based interventions and also displayed increased temporal precision. These results add to the increasing evidence that supports a possible role for temporal processing in impulsive choice behavior and supply novel behavioral interventions to decrease impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, 1100 Mid-Campus, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States
| | - Andrew T Marshall
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, 1100 Mid-Campus, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States
| | - Kimberly Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, 1100 Mid-Campus, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States.
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Strain differences in the expression of endocannabinoid genes and in cannabinoid receptor binding in the brain of Lewis and Fischer 344 rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:15-22. [PMID: 24607771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rat strains have been proposed as a model to study certain genetic influences on drug use. These strains differ in terms of the self-administration of several drugs, and in their expression of various components of the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and endogenous opioid neurotransmitter systems. As the endocannabinoid system is linked to these systems, we investigated whether these two strains exhibit differences in cannabinoid receptor binding and in the expression of cannabinoid-related genes. Quantitative autoradiography of [(3)H]-CP 55,940 binding levels and real-time PCR assays were used. F344 rats displayed higher levels of cannabinoid receptor binding in the lateral globus pallidus and weaker CNR1 gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFc) than LEW rats. Moreover, the N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D/fatty acid amide hydrolase ratio was greater in the PFc and NAcc of F344 rats. Our results suggest that the endocannabinoid system may be a mediator of the individual differences that exist in the susceptibility to the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipids may play some roles in the central nervous system functions that are associated with drug addiction. To date, cholesterol is known to influence relapse of cocaine use. However, the relationship between cholesterol and heroin craving is unclear. This study examined the concurrent association between cholesterol and craving. METHOD The serum lipid levels of 70 heroin users who were undergoing or had undergone a methadone maintenance therapy were measured. Their craving and demographic data were assessed. RESULTS Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are negatively associated with craving before (r = -0.33, P < 0.01, and r = -0.36, P < 0.01, respectively) and after controlling for the effects of potential confounders (β = -0.38, P < 0.01, and β = -0.42, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol could be associated with the cognitive aspect of craving and may be a potential marker to predict risk of drug relapse.
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