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Qin J, Yuchi Z. Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of Cimex lectularius Acetylcholinesterase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12498-12507. [PMID: 38771663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stands as a primary target of commercial insecticides, notably organophosphates and carbamates. Despite their widespread use in agricultural and indoor pest control, concerns over their high toxicity and the emergence of resistance have restricted their efficacy. In this study, we conducted high-throughput virtual screening against both wild-type (WT) and resistant Cimex lectularius AChE utilizing a library encompassing 1 270 000 compounds. From this screening, we identified 100 candidate compounds and subsequently assessed their inhibitory effects on purified AChE enzymes. Among these candidates, AE027 emerged as a potent inhibitor against both WT and resistant AChE, exhibiting IC50 values of 10 and 43 μM, respectively. Moreover, the binding of AE027 significantly stabilized AChE, elevating its melting temperature by approximately 7 °C. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we delineated the binding mode of AE027, revealing its interaction with a site adjacent to the catalytic center, which is distinct from known inhibitors, with differing poses observed between WT and resistant AChE. Notably, the resistance mutation F348Y, positioned at a site directly interfacing with AE027, impedes ligand binding through steric hindrance. Furthermore, we evaluated the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of AE027 utilizing bioinformatics tools. These findings lay a crucial foundation for the development of a novel generation of insecticides that can combat both WT and resistant pest populations effectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
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Munafò A, Cantone AF, Di Benedetto G, Torrisi SA, Burgaletto C, Bellanca CM, Gaudio G, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Leggio GM, Bernardini R, Cantarella G. Pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission alleviates neuroinflammation and improves functional outcomes in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1386224. [PMID: 38595916 PMCID: PMC11002120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1386224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population worldwide. Due to the multifactorial nature of the disease, involving impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission and immune system, previous attempts to find effective treatments have faced challenges. Methods: In such scenario, we attempted to investigate the effects of alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline (α-GPC), a cholinomimetic molecule, on neuroinflammation and memory outcome in the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). Mice were enrolled at 4 months of age, treated orally with α-GPC dissolved in drinking water at a concentration resulting in an average daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 months and sacrificed at 12 months of age. Thereafter, inflammatory markers, as well as cognitive parameters, were measured. Results: Chronic α-GPC treatment reduced accumulation of amyloid deposits and led to a substantial re-balance of the inflammatory response of resident innate immune cells, astrocytes and microglia. Specifically, fluorescent immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that α-GPC contributed to reduction of cortical and hippocampal reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia, concurrently increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules. Whereas α-GPC beneficially affect the synaptic marker synaptophysin in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we observed that α-GPC was effective in restoring cognitive dysfunction, as measured by the Novel Object Recognition test, wherein 3xTg-AD mice treated with α-GPC significantly spent more time exploring the novel object compared to 3xTg-AD untreated mice. Discussion: In conclusion, chronic treatment with α-GPC exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity and sustained the key function of hippocampal synapses, crucial for the maintenance of a regular cognitive status. In light of our results, we suggest that α-GPC could be exploited as a promising therapeutic approach in early phases of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Munafò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Flavia Cantone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Alfio Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Burgaletto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Bellanca
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaudio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cantarella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Kimchi EY, Burgos-Robles A, Matthews GA, Chakoma T, Patarino M, Weddington JC, Siciliano C, Yang W, Foutch S, Simons R, Fong MF, Jing M, Li Y, Polley DB, Tye KM. Reward contingency gates selective cholinergic suppression of amygdala neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP89093. [PMID: 38376907 PMCID: PMC10942609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons modulate how organisms process and respond to environmental stimuli through impacts on arousal, attention, and memory. It is unknown, however, whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are directly involved in conditioned behavior, independent of secondary roles in the processing of external stimuli. Using fluorescent imaging, we found that cholinergic neurons are active during behavioral responding for a reward - even prior to reward delivery and in the absence of discrete stimuli. Photostimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, or their terminals in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), selectively promoted conditioned responding (licking), but not unconditioned behavior nor innate motor outputs. In vivo electrophysiological recordings during cholinergic photostimulation revealed reward-contingency-dependent suppression of BLA neural activity, but not prefrontal cortex. Finally, ex vivo experiments demonstrated that photostimulation of cholinergic terminals suppressed BLA projection neuron activity via monosynaptic muscarinic receptor signaling, while also facilitating firing in BLA GABAergic interneurons. Taken together, we show that the neural and behavioral effects of basal forebrain cholinergic activation are modulated by reward contingency in a target-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Y Kimchi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Anthony Burgos-Robles
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- The Department of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Neuroscience Institute & Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Gillian A Matthews
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Tatenda Chakoma
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Makenzie Patarino
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Javier C Weddington
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Cody Siciliano
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Wannan Yang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shaun Foutch
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Renee Simons
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ming-fai Fong
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech & Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences; PKUIDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and EarBostonUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kay M Tye
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- HHMI Investigator, Member of the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, and Wylie Vale Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
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Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Figueiredo TH, de Araujo Furtado M, Pidoplichko VI, Braga MFM. Mechanisms of Organophosphate Toxicity and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. TOXICS 2023; 11:866. [PMID: 37888716 PMCID: PMC10611379 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) have applications in agriculture (e.g., pesticides), industry (e.g., flame retardants), and chemical warfare (nerve agents). In high doses or chronic exposure, they can be toxic or lethal. The primary mechanism, common among all OPs, that initiates their toxic effects is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. In acute OP exposure, the subsequent surge of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses causes a peripheral cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE), either of which can lead to death. If death is averted without effective seizure control, long-term brain damage ensues. This review describes the mechanisms by which elevated acetylcholine can cause respiratory failure and trigger SE; the role of the amygdala in seizure initiation; the role of M1 muscarinic receptors in the early stages of SE; the neurotoxic pathways activated by SE (excitotoxicity/Ca++ overload/oxidative stress, neuroinflammation); and neurotoxic mechanisms linked to low-dose, chronic exposure (Ca++ dyshomeostasis/oxidative stress, inflammation), which do not depend on SE and do not necessarily involve acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The evidence so far indicates that brain damage from acute OP exposure is a direct result of SE, while the neurotoxic mechanisms activated by low-dose chronic exposure are independent of SE and may not be associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Taiza H. Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Marcio de Araujo Furtado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Volodymyr I. Pidoplichko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Maria F. M. Braga
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Papapostolou I, Ross-Kaschitza D, Bochen F, Peinelt C, Maldifassi MC. Contribution of the α5 nAChR Subunit and α5SNP to Nicotine-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Human Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2000. [PMID: 37566079 PMCID: PMC10417634 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine in tobacco is known to induce tumor-promoting effects and cause chemotherapy resistance through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Many studies have associated the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit (α5), and a specific polymorphism in this subunit, with (i) nicotine administration, (ii) nicotine dependence, and (iii) lung cancer. The α5 gene CHRNA5 mRNA is upregulated in several types of cancer, including lung, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancer, and cancer severity is correlated with smoking. In this study, we investigate the contribution of α5 in the nicotine-induced cancer hallmark functions proliferation and migration, in breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Nine human cell lines from different origins were used to determine nAChR subunit expression levels. Then, selected breast (MCF7), colon (SW480), and prostate (DU145) cancer cell lines were used to investigate the nicotine-induced effects mediated by α5. Using pharmacological and siRNA-based experiments, we show that α5 is essential for nicotine-induced proliferation and migration. Additionally, upon downregulation of α5, nicotine-promoted expression of EMT markers and immune regulatory proteins was impaired. Moreover, the α5 polymorphism D398N (α5SNP) caused a basal increase in proliferation and migration in the DU145 cell line, and the effect was mediated through G-protein signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that nicotine-induced cancer cell proliferation and migration are mediated via α5, adding to the characterization of α5 as a putative therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Constanza Maldifassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (I.P.); (D.R.-K.); (F.B.); (C.P.)
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Li JF, Zhang XY, Bai X, Su HA, Liu YL, Lu YY, Qi YX. Identification of putative muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes in Bactrocera dorsalis and functional analysis of Bdor-mAChR-B. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 139:103657. [PMID: 34582990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) play important roles in the insect nervous system. These receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, which are potential targets for insecticide development. While the investigation of pharmacological properties of insect mAChRs is growing, the physiological roles of the receptor subtype remain largely indeterminate. Here, we identified three mAChR genes in an important agricultural pest Bactrocera dorsalis. Phylogenetic analysis defined these genes as mAChR-A, -B, and -C. Transcripts of the three mAChRs are most prevalent in 1-d-old larvae and are more abundant in the brain than other body parts in adults. Functional assay of Bdor-mAChR-B transiently expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that it was activated by acetylcholine (EC50, 205.11 nM) and the mAChR agonist oxotremorine M (EC50, 2.39 μM) in a dose-dependent manner. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we successfully obtained a Bdor-mAChR-B knockout strain based on wild-type (WT) strain. When compared with WT, the hatching and eclosion rate of Bdor-mAChR-B mutants are significantly lower. Moreover, the crawl speed of Bdor-mAChR-B knockout larvae was lower than that of WT, while climbing performance was enhanced in the mutant adults. Adults with loss of function of Bdor-mAChR-B showed declined copulation rates and egg numbers (by mated females). Our results indicate that Bdor-mAChR-B plays a key role in the development, locomotion, and mating behavior of B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ai Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lan Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi-Xiang Qi
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Luck VL, Richards DP, Shaikh AY, Franzyk H, Mellor IR. The Effects of Structural Alterations in the Polyamine and Amino Acid Moieties of Philanthotoxins on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibition in the Locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227007. [PMID: 34834099 PMCID: PMC8622278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the polyamine and amino acid (tyrosine) moieties of philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) were investigated for their effects on the antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) isolated from the locust (Schistocerca gregaria) mushroom body. Through whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, the philanthotoxin analogues in this study were shown to cause inhibition of the inward current when co-applied with acetylcholine (ACh). PhTX-343 (IC50 = 0.80 μM at -75 mV) antagonised locust nAChRs in a use-dependent manner, suggesting that it acts as an open-channel blocker. The analogue in which both the secondary amine functionalities were replaced with methylene groups (i.e., PhTX-12) was ~6-fold more potent (IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) = 0.13 μM at -75 mV) than PhTX-343. The analogue containing cyclohexylalanine as a substitute for the tyrosine moiety of PhTX-343 (i.e., Cha-PhTX-343) was also more potent (IC50 = 0.44 μM at -75 mV). A combination of both alterations to PhTX-343 generated the most potent analogue, i.e., Cha-PhTX-12 (IC50 = 1.71 nM at -75 mV). Modulation by PhTX-343 and Cha-PhTX-343 fell into two distinct groups, indicating the presence of two pharmacologically distinct nAChR groups in the locust mushroom body. In the first group, all concentrations of PhTX-343 and Cha-PhTX-343 inhibited responses to ACh. In the second group, application of PhTX-343 or Cha-PhTX-343 at concentrations ≤100 nM caused potentiation, while concentrations ≥ 1 μM inhibited responses to ACh. Cha-PhTX-12 may have potential to be developed into insecticidal compounds with a novel mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Luck
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.L.L.); (D.P.R.)
| | - David P. Richards
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.L.L.); (D.P.R.)
| | - Ashif Y. Shaikh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.Y.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.Y.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Ian R. Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.L.L.); (D.P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1159-513257
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Phayakkaphon A, Dathong P, Ransibrahmanakul N, Sarovath N, Samung Y, Sakulpanich A. Oral toxicity of various Stemona collinsiae crude extracts against nymph and adult stages of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattodea). Heliyon 2021; 7:e07970. [PMID: 34585003 PMCID: PMC8453207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemona collinsiae exhibits insecticidal resistance against various pests and insect vectors. However, insecticidal activity of S. collinsiae roots has not been tested for some insect vectors, including the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The synanthropic insect P. americana is a reservoir of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms and a cause of infectious diseases and cockroach allergy. This important vector transmits microorganisms to animals and humans to cause vector-borne diseases. This research involved detection of the nymphicidal and adulticidal activities of S. collinsiae root extracts against P. americana through oral administration. The effects of hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water crude extracts were tested on final instar nymphs and adult P. americana. After P. americana ingested bait containing hexane and dichloromethane crude extracts, signs of toxicity occurred, such as hind leg shaking, whole-body tremor, immobility, abdomen swelling, and death. At 48 h, the nymphs and adult P. americana that ingested dichloromethane crude extract-containing bait showed corrected mortality of 65%-100% and 20%-100%, respectively. Whereas none of the nymphs and adult P. americana that ingested the water crude extract-containing bait died (0% corrected mortality). When we dissected alimentary canals of the dead P. americana that had ingested dichloromethane and hexane crude extract-containing baits, the foreguts were found to be swollen. TLC analysis showed the dichloromethane and hexane crude extracts contained the alkaloid didehydrostemofoline and unknown fluorescent substances. Phytochemicals from crude extracts were detected in extracts of dissected alimentary canals using thin-layer chromatography, and didehydrostemofoline alkaloid and unknown fluorescent substances were found in cockroaches that ingested dichloromethane- and hexane-containing baits. The cause of death of P. americana may be attributed to alkaloids and synergistic effects of other substances in S. collinsiae root extract. Mechanisms of action might include several pathways involved in nervous system function. Thus, dichloromethane and hexane crude extracts can be developed as alternative active ingredients in a natural insecticide for cockroach control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anon Phayakkaphon
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Preeyanate Dathong
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Napasorn Ransibrahmanakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nontapat Sarovath
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yudthana Samung
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Aurapa Sakulpanich
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Lopez SMM, Aguilar JS, Fernandez JBB, Lao AGJ, Estrella MRR, Devanadera MKP, Ramones CMV, Villaraza AJL, Guevarra LA, Santiago-Bautista MR, Santiago LA. Neuroactive venom compounds obtained from Phlogiellus bundokalbo as potential leads for neurodegenerative diseases: insights on their acetylcholinesterase and beta-secretase inhibitory activities in vitro. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20210009. [PMID: 34249120 PMCID: PMC8237997 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spider venom is a rich cocktail of neuroactive compounds designed to prey capture and defense against predators that act on neuronal membrane proteins, in particular, acetylcholinesterases (AChE) that regulate synaptic transmission through acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis - an excitatory neurotransmitter - and beta-secretases (BACE) that primarily cleave amyloid precursor proteins (APP), which are, in turn, relevant in the structural integrity of neurons. The present study provides preliminary evidence on the therapeutic potential of Phlogiellus bundokalbo venom against neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Spider venom was extracted by electrostimulation and fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Neuroactivity of the whole venom was observed by a neurobehavioral response from Terebrio molitor larvae in vivo and fractions were screened for their inhibitory activities against AChE and BACE in vitro. Results The whole venom from P. bundokalbo demonstrated neuroactivity by inducing excitatory movements from T. molitor for 15 min. Sixteen fractions collected produced diverse mass fragments from MALDI-TOF-MS ranging from 900-4500 Da. Eleven of sixteen fractions demonstrated AChE inhibitory activities with 14.34% (± 2.60e-4) to 62.05% (± 6.40e-5) compared with donepezil which has 86.34% (± 3.90e-5) inhibition (p > 0.05), while none of the fractions were observed to exhibit BACE inhibition. Furthermore, three potent fractions against AChE, F1, F3, and F16 displayed competitive and uncompetitive inhibitions compared to donepezil as the positive control. Conclusion The venom of P. bundokalbo contains compounds that demonstrate neuroactivity and anti-AChE activities in vitro, which could comprise possible therapeutic leads for the development of cholinergic compounds against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Miguel M Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Jeremey S Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008
| | - Jerene Bashia B Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008
| | - Angelic Gayle J Lao
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Mitzi Rain R Estrella
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008
| | - Mark Kevin P Devanadera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
| | - Cydee Marie V Ramones
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Aaron Joseph L Villaraza
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Leonardo A Guevarra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
| | - Myla R Santiago-Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
| | - Librado A Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
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10
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Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Apland JP, Figueiredo TH, De Araujo Furtado M, Braga MF. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents) as weapons of mass destruction: History, mechanisms of action, and medical countermeasures. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Dos Santos DS, Rosa ME, Zanatta AP, Oliveira RS, de Almeida CGM, Leal AP, Sanz M, Fernandes KA, de Souza VQ, de Assis DR, Pinto E, Belo CAD. Neurotoxic effects of sublethal concentrations of cyanobacterial extract containing anatoxin-a(s) on Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:138-145. [PMID: 30599431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cyanotoxins, such as the anatoxin-a(s), is essential to ensure the biological safety of water environments. Here, we propose the use of Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches as an alternative biological model for the biomonitoring of the activity of anatoxin-a(s) in aquatic systems. In order to validate our proposed model, we compared the effects of a cyanobacterial extract containing anatoxin-a(s) (CECA) with those of the organophosphate trichlorfon (Tn) on biochemical and physiological parameters of the nervous system of Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches. In brain homogenates from cockroaches, CECA (5 and 50 μg/g) inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 53 ± 2% and 51 ± 7%, respectively, while Tn (5 and 50 μg/g) inhibited AChE activity by 35 ± 4% and 80 ± 9%, respectively (p < 0.05; n = 6). Moreover, CECA at concentrations of 5, 25, and 50 µg/g decreased the locomotor activity of the cockroaches, diminishing the distance travelled and increasing the frequency and duration of immobile episodes similarly to Tn (0.3 μg/g) (p < 0.05, n = 40, respectively). CECA (5, 25 and 50 μg/g) induced an increase in the leg grooming behavior, but not in the movement of antennae, similarly to the effect of Tn (0.3 μg/g). In addition, both CECA (50 µg/200 μl) and Tn (0.3 µg/200 μl) induced a negative chronotropism in the insect heart (37 ± 1 and 47 ± 8 beats/min in 30 min, respectively) (n = 9, p > 0.05). Finally, CECA (50 µg/g), Tn (0.3 µg/g) and neostigmine (50 µg/g) caused significant neuromuscular failure, as indicated by the monitoring of the in vivo neuromuscular function of the cockroaches, during 100 min (n = 6, p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, sublethal doses of CECA provoked entomotoxicity. The Tn-like effects of CECA on Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches encompass both the central and peripheral nervous systems in our insect model. The inhibitory activity of CECA on AChE boosts a cascade of signaling events involving octopaminergic/dopaminergic neurotransmission. Therefore, this study indicates that this insect model could potentially be used as a powerful, practical, and inexpensive tool to understand the impacts of eutrophication and for orientating decontamination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Silva Dos Santos
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro (INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6690, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rosa
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Soares Oliveira
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gabriel Moreira de Almeida
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro (INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6690, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Allan Pinto Leal
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriam Sanz
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | | | - Velci Queiroz de Souza
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Denis Reis de Assis
- Inserm U1253 "Imaging and Brain", Team Neurogenomics and Neuronal physiopathology, University of Tours, Faculty of Medicine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex 1, France
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Antônio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro (INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6690, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Gross AD, Bloomquist JR. Pharmacology of central octopaminergic and muscarinic pathways in Drosophila melanogaster larvae: Assessing the target potential of GPCRs. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 151:53-58. [PMID: 30704713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are an underdeveloped target in the search for agrochemicals with octopamine receptors, a GPCR, being the target of a single insecticide/acaricide class (formamidines). The evolution of insecticide resistance has resulted in the need to identify new or underutilized targets for the development of agrochemicals, with the goal of controlling arthropod pests that affect agriculture or human and animal health. The insect cholinergic system has been a fruitful target for the development of insecticides/acaricides viz. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and agonists/modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. However, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), which are GPCRs, have not been successfully developed as a target for agrochemicals. Others have recently identified three subtypes of insect mAChRs in Drosophila melanogaster, and extracellular recordings from transected D. melanogaster larval central nervous system (CNS) were performed to investigate the electrogenesis of the octopaminergic and muscarinic systems. Octopamine (10 μM) resulted in a sustained neuroexcitation during a 30 min exposure, and neuroexcitation after 21 min was blocked by octopamine receptor antagonist, phentolamine (100 μM). Exposure of this preparation to the non-selective mAChR agonist, pilocarpine (10 μM), resulted in a biphasic response, characterized by neuroexcitation followed by a decrease in the CNS firing rate below initial control levels. This biphasic effect was antagonized by the classical mAChR antagonist atropine (10 μM). It was also found that atropine (10 μM) blocked octopamine's sustained neuroexcitation, indicating the possibility of cross-talk between these two GPCR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Gross
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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13
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems of the Spider Cupiennius salei Reveals Multiple Putative Cys-Loop Ligand Gated Ion Channel Subunits and an Acetylcholine Binding Protein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138068. [PMID: 26368804 PMCID: PMC4569296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates possess a diverse collection of pentameric Cys-loop ligand gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors whose molecular structures, evolution and relationships to mammalian counterparts have been intensely investigated in several clinically and agriculturally important species. These receptors are targets for a variety of control agents that may also harm beneficial species. However, little is known about Cys-loop receptors in spiders, which are important natural predators of insects. We assembled de novo transcriptomes from the central and peripheral nervous systems of the Central American wandering spider Cupiennius salei, a model species for neurophysiological, behavioral and developmental studies. We found 15 Cys-loop receptor subunits that are expected to form anion or cation permeable channels, plus a putative acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) that has only previously been reported in molluscs and one annelid. We used phylogenetic and sequence analysis to compare the spider subunits to homologous receptors in other species and predicted the 3D structures of each protein using the I-Tasser server. The quality of homology models improved with increasing sequence identity to the available high-resolution templates. We found that C. salei has orthologous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GluCl, pHCl, HisCl and nAChα LGIC subunits to other arthropods, but some subgroups are specific to arachnids, or only to spiders. C. salei sequences were phylogenetically closest to gene fragments from the social spider, Stegodyphus mimosarum, indicating high conservation within the Araneomorphae suborder of spiders. C. salei sequences had similar ligand binding and transmembrane regions to other invertebrate and vertebrate LGICs. They also had motifs associated with high sensitivity to insecticides and antiparasitic agents such as fipronil, dieldrin and ivermectin. Development of truly selective control agents for pest species will require information about the molecular structure and pharmacology of Cys-loop receptors in beneficial species.
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14
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Zein MA, McElmurry SP, Kashian DR, Savolainen PT, Pitts DK. Toxic effects of combined stressors on Daphnia pulex: Interactions between diazinon, 4-nonylphenol, and wastewater effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1145-53. [PMID: 25655444 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant exposure in aqueous systems typically involves complex chemical mixtures. Given the large number of compounds present in the environment, it is critical to identify hazardous chemical interactions rapidly. The present study utilized a prototype for a novel high-throughput assay to quantify behavioral changes over time to identify chemical interactions that affect toxicity. The independent and combined effects of 2 chemicals, diazinon (an insecticide) and 4-nonylphenol (a detergent metabolite), on the swimming behavior of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex were examined. Cumulative distance and change in direction were measured repeatedly via optical tracking over 90 min. Exposure to low concentrations of diazinon (0.125-2 µM) or 4-nonylphenol (0.25-4 µM) elicited significant concentration- and time-dependent effects on swimming behavior. Exposure to 0.5 µM 4-nonylphenol alone did not significantly alter mean cumulative distance but did elicit a small, significant increase in mean angle, the measure of change in direction. When 0.5 µM 4-nonylphenol was used in combination with diazinon (0.125-0.5 µM), it augmented the adverse impact of diazinon on the swimming behavior of Daphnia. Additionally, enhanced sensitivity to diazinon was observed in animals exposed to treated wastewater effluent for 24 h prior to a diazinon challenge. The present experiments demonstrate that exposure to 4-nonylphenol and complex chemical mixtures (e.g., treated wastewater) can enhance the toxicity of exposure to the insecticide diazinon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Zein
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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15
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Stürmer GD, de Freitas TC, Heberle MDA, de Assis DR, Vinadé L, Pereira AB, Franco JL, Dal Belo CA. Modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission induced by sublethal doses of the organophosphate trichlorfon in cockroaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 109:56-62. [PMID: 25164203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been used indiscriminately, based on their high dissipation rates and low residual levels in the environment. Despite the toxicity of OPs to beneficial insects is principally devoted to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, the physiological mechanisms underlying this activity remain poorly understood. Here we showed the pharmacological pathways that might be involved in severe alterations in the insect locomotion and grooming behaviors following sublethal administration of the OP Trichlorfon (Tn) (0.25, 0.5 and 1 µM) in Phoetalia pallida. Tn inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity (46±6, 38±3 and 24±6 nmol NADPH/min/mg protein, n=3, p<0.05), respectively. Tn (1 µM) also increased the walking maintenance of animals (46±5 s; n=27; p<0.05). Tn caused a high increase in the time spent for this behavior (344±18 s/30 min, 388±18 s/30 min and 228±12 s/30 min, n=29-30, p<0.05, respectively). The previous treatment of the animals with different cholinergic modulators showed that pirenzepine>atropine>oxotremorine>d-tubocurarine>tropicamide>methoctramine induced a decrease on Tn (0.5 µM)-induced grooming increase, respectively in order of potency. Metoclopramide (0.4 µM), a DA-D2 selective inhibitor decreased the Tn-induced grooming activity (158±12 s/30 min; n=29; p<0.05). Nevertheless, the effect of the selective DA-D1 receptor blocker SCH 23390 (1.85 µM) on the Tn (0.5 µM)-induced grooming increase was significative and more intense than that of metoclopramide (54±6 s/30 min; n=30; p<0.05). Taken together the results suggest that a cross-talking between cholinergic M1/M3 and dopaminergic D1 receptors at the insect nervous system may play a role in the OP-mediated behavioral alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Daiane Stürmer
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Thiago Carrazoni de Freitas
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Marines de Avila Heberle
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Dênis Reis de Assis
- Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade, Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Antônio Batista Pereira
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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16
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Zein MA, McElmurry SP, Kashian DR, Savolainen PT, Pitts DK. Optical bioassay for measuring sublethal toxicity of insecticides in Daphnia pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:144-151. [PMID: 24115287 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging contaminants tend to be biologically active at very low concentrations, occur in water as part of complex mixtures, and impact biota in ways that are not detected using traditional toxicity tests (e.g., median lethal concentration). To evaluate emerging contaminants, the authors developed a method for detecting sublethal behavioral effects by quantifying the swimming behavior of Daphnia pulex, a model organism for studying aquatic toxicity. This optical tracking technique is capable of measuring many swimming parameters, 2 of which-cumulative distance and angular change-are presented. To validate this technique, 2 prototypical compounds that exhibit different modes of action as well as corresponding insecticides that are commonly found in surface waters were investigated. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor physostigmine was used as the prototypical compound for the large number of AChE inhibitor insecticides (e.g., chlorpyrifos). Nicotine was used as the prototypical compound for neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g., imidacloprid). Results demonstrate that this assay is capable of detecting sublethal behavioral effects that are concentration-dependent and that insecticides with the same mode of action yield similar results. The method can easily be scaled up to serve as a high-throughput screening tool to detect sublethal toxic effects of a variety of chemicals. This method is likely to aid in enhancing the current understanding of emerging contaminants and to serve as a novel water-quality screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Zein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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17
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Yassine B, Leray X, Falaise C, Quinchard S, Ceron-Carrasco JP, Jacquemin D, Graton J, Le Questel JY, Thany SH. Pretreatment of the cockroach cercal afferent/giant interneuron synapses with nicotinoids and neonicotinoids differently affects acetylcholine and nicotine-induced ganglionic depolarizations. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 13:91-7. [PMID: 23467815 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-013-0151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that neonicotinoid insecticides were able to act as agonists of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed at the synapse between the cercal nerve XI and the giant interneurons, in the sixth abdominal ganglion. In this work, we demonstrated that nicotinoids such as nornicotine acted as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed at cercal afferent/giant interneurons while cotinine was a poor agonist. Indeed, nornicotine induced a ganglionic depolarization which was blocked by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine. In addition, we found that pretreatment of the sixth abdominal ganglion with 1 and 10 μM nornicotine and cotinine had no significant effect on acetylcholine and nicotine-induced depolarization. But pretreatment with 1 and 10 μM acetamiprid and imidacloprid had a strong effect. 1 and 10 μM acetamiprid completely blocked acetylcholine-induced depolarization, whereas imidacloprid had a partial effect. The present work therefore suggests, in agreement with previous studies, that nornicotine and cotinine bind to distinct cockroach postsynaptic nAChRs, whereas acetamiprid and imidacloprid have competitive effects with acetylcholine and nicotine on ganglionic depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzidane Yassine
- RCIM, UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
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