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Kimchi EY, Burgos-Robles A, Matthews GA, Chakoma T, Patarino M, Weddington JC, Siciliano C, Yang W, Foutch S, Simons R, Fong MF, Jing M, Li Y, Polley DB, Tye KM. Reward contingency gates selective cholinergic suppression of amygdala neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP89093. [PMID: 38376907 PMCID: PMC10942609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons modulate how organisms process and respond to environmental stimuli through impacts on arousal, attention, and memory. It is unknown, however, whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are directly involved in conditioned behavior, independent of secondary roles in the processing of external stimuli. Using fluorescent imaging, we found that cholinergic neurons are active during behavioral responding for a reward - even prior to reward delivery and in the absence of discrete stimuli. Photostimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, or their terminals in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), selectively promoted conditioned responding (licking), but not unconditioned behavior nor innate motor outputs. In vivo electrophysiological recordings during cholinergic photostimulation revealed reward-contingency-dependent suppression of BLA neural activity, but not prefrontal cortex. Finally, ex vivo experiments demonstrated that photostimulation of cholinergic terminals suppressed BLA projection neuron activity via monosynaptic muscarinic receptor signaling, while also facilitating firing in BLA GABAergic interneurons. Taken together, we show that the neural and behavioral effects of basal forebrain cholinergic activation are modulated by reward contingency in a target-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Y Kimchi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Anthony Burgos-Robles
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- The Department of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Neuroscience Institute & Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Gillian A Matthews
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Tatenda Chakoma
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Makenzie Patarino
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Javier C Weddington
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Cody Siciliano
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Wannan Yang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shaun Foutch
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Renee Simons
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ming-fai Fong
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech & Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences; PKUIDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and EarBostonUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kay M Tye
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- HHMI Investigator, Member of the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, and Wylie Vale Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
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Thibeault K, Lopez A, Dryer J, Kondev V, Patel S, Siciliano C, Calipari E. Characterizing the transcriptionally‐activated ensembles recruited by cocaine in the nucleus accumbens. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sachin Patel
- Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction ResearchVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
| | - Cody Siciliano
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction ResearchVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
| | - Erin Calipari
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction ResearchVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
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3
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Leach A, Siciliano C, Ferris M. Response to Novelty Predicts α7 Nicotinic Receptor and Voltage‐Gated Calcium Channel Modulation of Dopamine Release. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leach
- Physiology and PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | | | - Mark Ferris
- Physiology and PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
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Farahbakhsh Z, Erickson K, Siciliano C. Kappa‐Opioid Receptors Modulate Innate and Learned Responses to Positive and Negative Reinforcers. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cody Siciliano
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
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Siciliano C, Bartella L, Mazzotti F, Aiello D, Napoli A, De Luca P, Temperini A. 1H NMR quantification of cannabidiol (CBD) in industrial products derived from Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/572/1/012010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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6
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Pagano F, Nocella C, Sciarretta S, Fianchini L, Siciliano C, Mangino G, Ibrahim M, De Falco E, Carnevale R, Chimenti I, Frati G. Cytoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Steen Solution on Human Lung Spheroids and Human Endothelial Cells. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1885-1894. [PMID: 28322021 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases represent a major healthcare burden worldwide. Lung transplantation (LTx) is the "gold standard" for end-stage patients, strongly limited by shortage of available/suitable donor lungs. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has significantly increased the number of lungs suitable for transplantation. Steen solution is used for EVLP, but the mechanisms involved in its beneficial properties remain to be clarified. We investigated the effects of Steen solution in an in vitro protocol of cold starvation and normothermic recovery on human lung spheroids, named pneumospheres (PSs), containing epithelial/basal cells, and on endothelial human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Steen solution significantly preserved the viability of PSs, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by PSs and HUVECs, decreased NADPH-oxidase (NOX) activity in PSs, and reduced inflammatory cytokines expression levels in HUVECs. Steen solution was able to specifically reduce NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) isoform activation, particularly in PSs, as detected by soluble-NOX2 peptide and p47-phosphorylation. Interestingly, a specific NOX2 inhibitor could partly mimic the pro-survival effect of Steen on PSs. We provide the first evidence that Steen solution can preserve lung epithelial/progenitor cells viability partially through NOX2 downregulation, and exert antioxidant effects on parenchymal cells, with consequent ROS reduction. These results suggest that NOX2 inhibition might be an additional strategy to reduce cellular damage during LTx procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pagano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Nocella
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Fianchini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Siciliano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Mangino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ibrahim
- Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Carnevale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - I Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Lualdi M, Baldari D, Calareso G, Canestrini S, Cartia F, Castellani M, Cicero C, Ciniselli C, Cusumano D, Ferranti C, Greco F, Laffranchi A, Lorenzoni A, Marchianò A, Primolevo A, Scaperrotta G, Siciliano C, Verderio P, Vergnaghi D, Pignoli E. Evaluation of the actual perception of medical images informative content by varying medical displays performances. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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8
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Leggio A, Belsito EL, De Luca G, Di Gioia ML, Leotta V, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. One-pot synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids activated using thionyl chloride. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24527c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a one-pot synthesis of secondary and tertiary amides from carboxylic acids and amines in the presence of a tertiary amine by using thionyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - E. L. Belsito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - G. De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - M. L. Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - V. Leotta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - E. Romio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - C. Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Università della Calabria Edificio Polifunzionale
- I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
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9
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Siciliano C, Calipari E, Jones S. More than a Replacement Therapy: Amphetamine Treatment Reverses the Behavioral and Neurochemical Consequences of Cocaine Self‐ Administration. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.930.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cody Siciliano
- Physiology and PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUnited States
| | - Erin Calipari
- Physiology and PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUnited States
| | - Sara Jones
- Physiology and PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUnited States
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10
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Di Gioia M, Belsito E, Leggio A, Leotta V, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. Reduction of amide carbonyl group and formation of modified amino acids and dipeptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Leggio A, Belsito E, Di Gioia M, Leotta V, Romio E, Siciliano C, Liguori A. Silver acetate-assisted formation of amides from acyl chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Siciliano C, Calipari E, Ferris M, Chen R, Jones S. Biphasic mechanisms of amphetamine action at the dopamine terminal (661.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.661.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cody Siciliano
- Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine WinstonSalemNCUnited States
| | - Erin Calipari
- Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine WinstonSalemNCUnited States
| | - Mark Ferris
- Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine WinstonSalemNCUnited States
| | - Rong Chen
- Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine WinstonSalemNCUnited States
| | - Sara Jones
- Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine WinstonSalemNCUnited States
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Di Gioia ML, Barattucci A, Bonaccorsi P, Leggio A, Minuti L, Romio E, Temperini A, Siciliano C. Deprotection/reprotection of the amino group in α-amino acids and peptides. A one-pot procedure in [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Le Pera A, Liguori A, Pitrelli AF, Siciliano C. A Convenient Method for the Stereoselective Conversion of Aryl Peptidyl Ketones into the Corresponding Aryl Aminomethin Derivatives, A Novel Class of Modified Peptides. Protein Pept Lett 2005; 12:357-62. [PMID: 15907181 DOI: 10.2174/0929866053765725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a reductive amination procedure that can be employed in the preparation of a novel class of pseudopeptides in which a specific amide bond is replaced by a CH(Ar)NH group. The developed methodology, performed using NaBH(3)CN and TiCl(4), is characterized by the formation of diastereomeric intermediates in a relative 1:1 ratio. It provides aryl aminomethin pseudopeptides in moderate but satisfactory yields and with definite stereochemistry on the asymmetric centres next to the modified peptide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Le Pera A, Siciliano C, Liguori A, Sindona G. An efficient and highly selective deprotection of N-Fmoc-alpha-amino acid and lipophilic N-Fmoc-dipeptide methyl esters with aluminium trichloride and N,N-dimethylaniline. J Pept Res 2004. [PMID: 15102056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00104.x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel procedure for the deprotection of the carboxyl group of amino acid methyl esters is presented. The process is carried out by the reagent system aluminium trichloride/N,N-dimethylaniline that can successfully be applied to unblock the carboxyl moiety either of N-Fmoc-protected amino acid methyl esters and N-Fmoc-protected short dipeptide methyl esters. The chiralities of the optically pure amino acid or peptide precursors are maintained totally unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 15/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Le Pera A, Siciliano C, Liguori A, Sindona G. An efficient and highly selective deprotection of N-Fmoc-alpha-amino acid and lipophilic N-Fmoc-dipeptide methyl esters with aluminium trichloride and N,N-dimethylaniline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:383-7. [PMID: 15102056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel procedure for the deprotection of the carboxyl group of amino acid methyl esters is presented. The process is carried out by the reagent system aluminium trichloride/N,N-dimethylaniline that can successfully be applied to unblock the carboxyl moiety either of N-Fmoc-protected amino acid methyl esters and N-Fmoc-protected short dipeptide methyl esters. The chiralities of the optically pure amino acid or peptide precursors are maintained totally unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 15/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Colacino E, De Luca G, Liguori A, Napoli A, Siciliano C, Sindona G. Reactivity models of 1-N-vinyluracil and synthesis of a new class of potential antiviral agents by the use of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:743-5. [PMID: 14565268 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
By the use of a convergent approach based on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between N-protected formylnitrones generated in situ and 1-N-vinyluracil, a new class of 4'-aza-analogues of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides is synthesized. Competitive reaction for the endocyclic bond of uracil also brings to a new isoxazolidine derivative fused with the pyrimidine nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Colacino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy.
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Colacino E, Giorgi G, Liguori A, Napoli A, Romeo R, Salvini L, Siciliano C, Sindona G. Structural characterization of isoxazolidinyl nucleosides by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2001; 36:1220-1225. [PMID: 11747118 DOI: 10.1002/jms.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
4'-Aza-2',3'-dideoxyerythrofuranosyl derivatives of thymine (AdT, 1) and uracil (AdU, 2) are analogues of 2',3'-dideoxyribofuranosyl thymine (ddT, 3) and uracyl (ddU, 4). Compounds 1 and 2 are representative of a new class of antiviral agents where the sugar moiety is replaced by an isoxazolidine ring. The increasing importance of isoxazolidinyl nucleosides has encouraged the exploitation of simple mass spectrometric rules for unambiguously assigning their structure. The species 1, 2, 5 and 6 were therefore synthesized in order to evaluate the role of the basic centre of the modified sugar moiety in their gas-phase chemistry. The tandem mass spectra of these compounds are similar to those of the wild-type nucleosides and display fragment ions corresponding to [B + 2H](+),[M - BH](+) and [B + 27](+) species, where B is the nucleobase. The last species derives from a retrocycloaddition process which is less evident in 2'-deoxyribosides. This behaviour is consistent with protonation of the analytes at the pyrimidine rings. Model isoxazolidines, in which the nucleobase was replaced by a phenyl or a naphthyl moiety, displayed the expected behaviour of species with a localized charge on the N-O moiety of the isoxazolidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Colacino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, cubo 15/c, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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20
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Liguori A, Napoli A, Siciliano C, Sindona G. Facile approach to enantiomerically pure alpha-amino ketones by Friedel-Crafts aminoacylation and their conversion into peptidyl ketones. J Org Chem 2001; 66:7002-7. [PMID: 11597220 DOI: 10.1021/jo010414q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article we describe a versatile and straightforward preparative approach to chiral aryl alpha-amino ketones via a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction of stable and enantiomerically pure N-Fmoc protected L-amino acid chlorides with toluene in the presence of aluminum trichloride. The developed methodology provided aryl alpha-amino-p-methylphenyl ketones, which can be obtained and isolated as free bases or recovered as their N-acetyl derivatives, after treatment with acetic anhydride in chloroform at room temperature, subsequent to the Lewis acid induced removal of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group. The Friedel-Crafts-like process and the cleavage of the amino function masking group can selectively be performed since, as verified in all cases, the alpha-aminoacylation step occurred with kinetics that were faster than those required to remove the N-protection. The presented approach was also explored as a facile and useful synthetic tool for the preparation of optically pure ketone di- and tripeptides. These compounds can be obtained in exceptionally overall yields without need of chromatographic purification. Moreover, either aryl alpha-amino ketones or modified di- and tripeptides, in all cases, can be isolated in very high chemical and optical purity without recourse to resolution of diastereomeric mixtures, since the chiralities of the asymmetric amino acid educts were completely conserved throughout the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 15/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Abstract
In this paper we report the results obtained by treating some selected hydroxamic acids with diazomethane in ethereal media. The multitask reagent diazomethane was used either as a base to induce deprotonation of the chosen hydroxamic acids or as conjugated acid which undergoes one-pot methylation processes of the generated anions. Product distributions clearly showed that a high site selectivity is expressed by the different deprotonated species in the alkylation processes. Under the adopted conditions, the prevalent site of methylation is in all the cases the oxygen of the hydroxamic acid. While in aliphatic hydroxamic acids only O-alkylation is observed, in the aromatic substrates, the NH group competes with the OH function as the nucleophilic site, although the OH reactivity still dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leggio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 15/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Di Nunno N, Di Nunno C, Costantinides F, Garzya V, Bernasconi P, Siciliano C, Chiumarulo C. Aorto-oesophageal fistula and intestinal infarction secondary to volvulus following ingestion of foreign bodies in a schizophrenic patient. Med Sci Law 2000; 40:350-357. [PMID: 11281358 DOI: 10.1177/002580240004000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of death caused by voluntary ingestion of non-organic foreign bodies observed at the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Trieste. The victim was a young schizophrenic patient whose death, at first giving rise to suspicions of murder by another psychiatric patient, was found to be caused by an uncommon chronic permanence of foreign bodies at different locations of the digestive tract which suddenly evolved into a series of simultaneous lethal complications as yet never described. The case also raised the issue of possible responsibilities of the subject's healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Di Nunno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
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23
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Siciliano C, Costantinides F, Bernasconi P, Di Nunno N. Suicide using a hand grenade. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:208-10. [PMID: 10641942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe an unusual case of suicide that required particular attention to establish whether the victim was murdered, was preparing a terrorist attack or had committed suicide. Examination of the corpse and the crime scene, as well as testimonies, led the authors to determine the real cause of death, namely, an unusual method of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siciliano
- Instituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
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24
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Colacino E, Converso A, De Nino A, Leggio A, Liguori A, Maiuolo L, Napoli A, Procopio A, Siciliano C, Sindona G. Synthesis of isoxazolidino analogues of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:581-3. [PMID: 10432650 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete set of the 4'-aza analogues of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides was synthesized by cycloaddition of N-tetrahydropiranyl or N-trityl methylene nitrones on suitably protected vinyl nucleobases. The convertible nucleoside approach was used in the preparation of cytosine and 5-methyl cytosine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Colacino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria
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25
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Angelini G, Bucci R, Laguzzi G, Siciliano C, Segre AL. Gas-Phase Reactivity of Ethyl Cations: Protonation and Alkylation of N-Methylpyrrole and Thiophene. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980899v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Angelini
- Istituto di Chimica Nucleare del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Bucci
- Istituto di Chimica Nucleare del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Laguzzi
- Istituto di Chimica Nucleare del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Siciliano
- Istituto di Chimica Nucleare del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P. 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - A. L. Segre
- Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P.10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
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26
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Angelini G, Carnevaletti F, Lilla G, Siciliano C, Sparapani C, Ursini O, Di Sacco S, Riva A, Antongiovanni S, Salvadori P. Nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution: Reactivity and selectivity of the 18F-fluorination reaction. Appl Radiat Isot 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Rustan ME, Rubinstein HR, Siciliano C, Masih DT. Possibility of in-hospital infection by Cryptococcus neoformans in patients with AIDS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1992; 34:383-7. [PMID: 1342099 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651992000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to carry out a survey of soil samples taken from different areas of a hospital of infectious disease located in the city of Córdoba, where three AIDS patients were hospitalized during different periods in the same ward. The three of them returned with meningeal cryptococcosis between three or five months after having been discharged. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in 8/10 samples collected outside the hospital, near the pigeon house. The samples collected from the AIDS patients ward and its surroundings were negative. These findings suggest that the patients may have been infected by the fungus during their first stay in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rustan
- Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Emerman CL, Dawson N, Speroff T, Siciliano C, Effron D, Rashad F, Shaw Z, Bellon EL. Comparison of physician judgment and decision aids for ordering chest radiographs for pneumonia in outpatients. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:1215-9. [PMID: 1952308 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare physician judgment in the use of chest radiographs for diagnosing pneumonia with decision rules developed by Diehr, Singal, Heckerling, and Gennis. DESIGN Propsective observational investigation with preradiograph survey of physicians' intent to order chest radiographs for patients presenting with respiratory complaints. All patients had uniform clinical data collected, including chest radiographs and sufficient information to retrospectively apply the four clinical prediction rules. SETTING The emergency department and medical outpatient clinic of a major urban teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients presenting with recent history of acute cough or exacerbation of chronic cough plus either fever, sputum production, or hemoptysis. RESULTS Of 290 patients, 21 (7%) had pneumonia. The sensitivity of physician judgment (0.86) exceeded that of all four decision rules. The specificity of the Diehr (0.67), Heckerling (0.67), and Gennis (0.76) rules exceeded that of physician judgment (0.58). The accuracy of the Gennis (0.76) and Heckerling (0.68) rules also exceeded that of the physicians (0.60). DISCUSSION Physicians' diagnostic and therapeutic decisions were characterized by high sensitivity but lower specificity for ordering chest radiographs to diagnose pneumonia. The higher specificity and accuracy of two of the decision rules suggest that they may have a role in patient evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Emerman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
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29
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Dawson NV, Arkes HR, Siciliano C, Blinkhorn R, Lakshmanan M, Petrelli M. Hindsight bias: an impediment to accurate probability estimation in clinicopathologic conferences. Med Decis Making 1988; 8:259-64. [PMID: 3185178 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x8800800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although clinicopathologic conferences (CPCs) have been valued for teaching differential diagnosis, their instructional value may be compromised by hindsight bias. This bias occurs when those who know the actual diagnosis overestimate the likelihood that they would have been able to predict the correct diagnosis had they been asked to do so beforehand. Evidence for the presence of the hindsight bias was sought among 160 physicians and trainees attending four CPCs. Before the correct diagnosis was announced, half of the conference audience estimated the probability that each of five possible diagnoses was correct (foresight subjects). After the correct diagnosis was announced the remaining (hindsight) subjects estimated the probability they would have assigned to each of the five possible diagnoses had they been making the initial differential diagnosis. Only 30% of the foresight subjects ranked the correct diagnosis as first, versus 50% of the hindsight subjects (p less than 0.02). Although less experienced physicians consistently demonstrated the hindsight bias, more experienced physicians succumbed only on easier cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Dawson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital 44109
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30
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Hershey CO, Cohen DI, Goldberg HI, McLaren CE, Dawson NV, Siciliano C, Porter DK, Breslau D. Effect of an academic group practice on patient show rates: a randomized controlled trial. Med Care 1987; 25:72-7. [PMID: 3807448 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-198701000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambulatory medical clinics at academic centers are reputed to be expensive, inefficient, and poorly regarded by the medical residents who staff them. In an effort to address these problems, some centers have reorganized their traditional clinics into group practices. These group practices are thought to be more effective for teaching and providing services than are the traditional clinics. This is a report on the results of a study in which the authors reorganized two of four firm clinics into group practices in order to test the influence of the organizational changes on the various aspects of ambulatory care. During this controlled prospective trial of the group practice model, higher show rates were observed for patients in the group practices than in the traditional clinics (70% vs 65%, P less than 0.0005). The possible reasons for the higher rates are discussed.
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31
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Beltrami CA, Fabris G, Siciliano C, Bighi G. [Primary osteochondrosarcoma of the bladder (presentation of the 23d case in the world literature)]. Riv Patol Clin Sper 1970; 11:213-21. [PMID: 5292645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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De Micheli Stradivari A, Siciliano C. [On a case of embryonal carcinoma of the testis in infancy]. Riv Patol Clin Sper 1969; 10:35-47. [PMID: 5376297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Fabi M, Fabbri FL, Siciliano C, Languasco GB, Vita G, Vallini A. [Renal arteriography with arrested or bradycardic heart. Experimental research]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1965; 13:460-6. [PMID: 5851156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Fabi M, Siciliano C, Vita G, Fabbri FL, Vallini A, Languasco GB. [Experimental research on renal arteriography with induced heart arrest or bradycardia]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1964; 40:1737-9. [PMID: 5877919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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