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Naskar R, Ghosh A, Bhattacharya R, Chakraborty S. A critical appraisal of geroprotective activities of flavonoids in terms of their bio-accessibility and polypharmacology. Neurochem Int 2024:105859. [PMID: 39265701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a commonly consumed natural product, elicit health-benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective activities. Several studies have reported the beneficial role of flavonoids in improving memory, learning, and cognition in clinical settings. Their mechanism of action is mediated through the modulation of multiple signalling cascades. This polypharmacology makes them an attractive natural scaffold for designing and developing new effective therapeutics for complex neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Flavonoids are shown to inhibit crucial targets related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, β-secretase, γ-secretase, α-synuclein, Aβ protein aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles formation. Conserved neuro-signalling pathways related to neurotransmitter biogenesis and inactivation, ease of genetic manipulation and tractability, cost-effectiveness, and their short lifespan make Caenorhabditis elegans one of the most frequently used models in neuroscience research and high-throughput drug screening for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we critically appraise the neuroprotective activities of different flavonoids based on clinical trials and epidemiological data. This review provides critical insights into the absorption, metabolism, and tissue distribution of various classes of flavonoids, as well as detailed mechanisms of the observed neuroprotective activities at the molecular level, to rationalize the clinical data. We further extend the review to critically evaluate the scope of flavonoids in the disease management of neurodegenerative disorders and review the suitability of C. elegans as a model organism to study the neuroprotective efficacy of flavonoids and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumi Naskar
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Anirrban Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, India
| | - Raja Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, India.
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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2
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Jakubiec M, Abram M, Zagaja M, Socała K, Panic V, Latacz G, Mogilski S, Szafarz M, Szala-Rycaj J, Saunders J, West PJ, Nieoczym D, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Szulczyk B, Krupa A, Wyska E, Wlaź P, Metcalf CS, Wilcox K, Andres-Mach M, Kamiński RM, Kamiński K. Discovery and Profiling of New Multimodal Phenylglycinamide Derivatives as Potent Antiseizure and Antinociceptive Drug Candidates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3228-3256. [PMID: 39166702 PMCID: PMC11378297 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a focused series of original phenyl-glycinamide derivatives which showed potent activity across in vivo mouse seizure models, namely, maximal electroshock (MES) and 6 Hz (using both 32 and 44 mA current intensities) seizure models. Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration, compound (R)-32, which was identified as a lead molecule, demonstrated potent protection against all seizure models with ED50 values of 73.9 mg/kg (MES test), 18.8 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA test), and 26.5 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA test). Furthermore, (R)-32 demonstrated efficacy in both the PTZ-induced kindling paradigm and the ivPTZ seizure threshold test. The expression of neurotrophic factors, such as mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), in the hippocampus and/or cortex of mice, and the levels of glutamate and GABA were normalized after PTZ-induced kindling by (R)-32. Importantly, besides antiseizure activity, (R)-32 demonstrated potent antinociceptive efficacy in formalin-induced pain, capsaicin-induced pain, as well as oxaliplatin- and streptozotocin-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice (i.p.). No influence on muscular strength and body temperature in mice was observed. Pharmacokinetic studies and in vitro ADME-Tox data (i.e., high metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, a weak influence on CYPs, no hepatotoxicity, satisfactory passive transport, etc.) proved favorable drug-like properties of (R)-32. Thermal stability of (R)-32 shown in thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry gives the opportunity to develop innovative oral solid dosage forms loaded with this compound. The in vitro binding and functional assays indicated its multimodal mechanism of action. (R)-32, beyond TRPV1 antagonism, inhibited calcium and sodium currents at a concentration of 10 μM. Therefore, the data obtained in the current studies justify a more detailed preclinical development of (R)-32 for epilepsy and pain indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Vanja Panic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Joanna Szala-Rycaj
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Jerry Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Peter J West
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Anna Krupa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Cameron S Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Karen Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Rafał M Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland
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3
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Koçak Aslan E, Sezer A, Tüylü Küçükkılınç T, Palaska E. Novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing the naphthalene moiety as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400406. [PMID: 39034293 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease due to the increase in the levels and activity of BChE in the late stage of the disease. In this study, a series of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives bearing the naphthalene moiety linked to the benzothiazole, thiazole, and phenyl scaffolds via amid chain were designed and synthesized as potential and selective BChE inhibitors. The results of the inhibitory activity studies revealed that most of these compounds exhibited significant inhibitor potency on BChE. Compounds 35a (0.025 ± 0.01 μM) and 37a (0.035 ± 0.01 μM) displayed the most potent inhibitory activity, with excellent selectivity against BChE over acetylcholinesterase (SIBChE, 23,686 and 16,936, respectively) among the target compounds. The kinetics studies revealed that these compounds behaved with noncompetitive BChE inhibitors. Molecular docking studies indicated that 35a and 37a fit well into the active side of BChE. In addition, 35a and 37a also had the lowest cytotoxicity for human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), potential antioxidant capacity, moderate inhibition potency on amyloid-β1-42 aggregation, and significant neuroprotective effect against SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by H2O2 and amyloid-β1-42. All results suggest that these compounds might be considered as promising new lead compounds in the drug discovery process for the treatment of late-stage Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Koçak Aslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sıhhiye, Turkey
| | - Aysima Sezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Tüylü Küçükkılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Palaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sıhhiye, Turkey
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4
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Naz H, Rahim F, Hussain R, Khan S, Rehman W, Khan Y, Aziz T, Alharbi M. In silico molecular modeling and in vitro biological screening of novel benzimidazole-based piperazine derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0068. [PMID: 39007228 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
New series of benzimidazole incorporating piperazine moieties in single molecular framework has been reported. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were assigned by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HR-MS techniques. The hybrid derivatives were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition effect. All the synthesized analogs showed good to moderate inhibitory effect ranging from IC50 value 0.20 ± 0.01 µM to 0.50 ± 0.10 µM for acetylcholinesterase and from IC50 value 0.25 ± 0.01 µM to 0.70 ± 0.10 µM for butyrylcholinesterase except one that showed least potency with IC50 value 1.05 ± 0.1 µM and 1.20 ± 0.1 µM. The differences in inhibitory potential of synthesized compounds were due to the nature and position of substitution attached to the main ring. Additionally, molecular docking study was carried out for most active in order to explore the binding interactions established by ligand (active compounds) with the active residues of targeted AChE & BuChE enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseena Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta 47132, Greece
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Jakubiec M, Abram M, Zagaja M, Andres-Mach M, Szala-Rycaj J, Latacz G, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Mogilski S, Kubacka M, Szafarz M, Pociecha K, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Wyska E, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Szulczyk B, Wlaź P, Metcalf CS, Wilcox K, Kamiński RM, Kamiński K. Novel Alaninamide Derivatives with Drug-like Potential for Development as Antiseizure and Antinociceptive Therapies─In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2198-2222. [PMID: 38741575 PMCID: PMC11157491 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a series of original alaninamide derivatives have been designed applying a combinatorial chemistry approach, synthesized, and characterized in the in vivo and in vitro assays. The obtained molecules showed potent and broad-spectrum activity in basic seizure models, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the 6 Hz (32 mA) seizure model, and notably, the 6 Hz (44 mA) model of pharmacoresistant seizures. Most potent compounds 26 and 28 displayed the following pharmacological values: ED50 = 64.3 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 15.6 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), ED50 = 29.9 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), and ED50 = 34.9 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 12.1 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), ED50 = 29.5 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), respectively. Additionally, 26 and 28 were effective in the ivPTZ seizure threshold test and had no influence on the grip strength. Moreover, lead compound 28 was tested in the PTZ-induced kindling model, and then, its influence on glutamate and GABA levels in the hippocampus and cortex was evaluated by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. In addition, 28 revealed potent efficacy in formalin-induced tonic pain, capsaicin-induced pain, and oxaliplatin- and streptozotocin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pharmacokinetic studies and in vitro ADME-Tox data proved favorable drug-like properties of 28. The patch-clamp recordings in rat cortical neurons showed that 28 at a concentration of 10 μM significantly inhibited fast sodium currents. Therefore, 28 seems to be an interesting candidate for future preclinical development in epilepsy and pain indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jakubiec
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute
of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute
of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szala-Rycaj
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute
of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department
Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department
Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences,
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria
Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences,
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria
Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Chair
and Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Centre
for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences,
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria
Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cameron S. Metcalf
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Karen Wilcox
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rafał M. Kamiński
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Nozal V, Fernández-Gómez P, García-Rubia A, Martínez-González L, Cuevas EP, Carro E, Palomo V, Martínez A. Designing multitarget ligands for neurodegenerative diseases with improved permeability trough PLGA nanoencapsulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116626. [PMID: 38663103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Multitarget ligands (MTLs) have emerged as an interesting alternative for addressing complex multifactorial pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. However, a common challenge associated with these compounds is often their high molecular weight and low solubility, which becomes a hurdle when trying to permeate over the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we have designed two new MTLs that modulate three pharmacological targets simultaneously (tau, beta-amyloid and TAR DNA-binding protein 43). To enhance their brain penetration, we have formulated organic polymeric nanoparticles using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). The characterization of the formulations, evaluation of their permeability through an in vitro BBB model, and assessment of their activity on disease-representative cellular models, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been conducted. The results demonstrate the potential of the new MTLs and their nanoparticle encapsulation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-Gómez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alfonso García-Rubia
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Loreto Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Eva P Cuevas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain; Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid 28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain; Unidad de Nanobiotecnología Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain.
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7
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Zacharia LC. Role of Bioactives in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4951. [PMID: 38732171 PMCID: PMC11084358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions worldwide, with the two most prevalent being Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefteris C. Zacharia
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Bioactive Molecules Research Center, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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8
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Drakontaeidi A, Pontiki E. Multi-Target-Directed Cinnamic Acid Hybrids Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:582. [PMID: 38203753 PMCID: PMC10778916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing challenge. Present therapies are based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition providing only temporary relief. Promising alternatives include butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, multi-target ligands (MTDLs) that address the multi-factorial nature of AD, and compounds that target oxidative stress and inflammation. Cinnamate derivatives, known for their neuroprotective properties, show potential when combined with established AD agents, demonstrating improved efficacy. They are being positioned as potential AD therapeutic leads due to their ability to inhibit Aβ accumulation and provide neuroprotection. This article highlights the remarkable potential of cinnamic acid as a basic structure that is easily adaptable and combinable to different active groups in the struggle against Alzheimer's disease. Compounds with a methoxy substitution at the para-position of cinnamic acid display increased efficacy, whereas electron-withdrawing groups are generally more effective. The effect of the molecular volume is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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9
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Li X, Chen X, Gao X. Copper and cuproptosis: new therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1300405. [PMID: 38178962 PMCID: PMC10766373 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1300405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) plays a crucial role as a trace element in various physiological processes in humans. Nonetheless, free copper ions accumulate in the brain over time, resulting in a range of pathological changes. Compelling evidence indicates that excessive free copper deposition contributes to cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Free copper levels in the serum and brain of AD patients are notably elevated, leading to reduced antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, free copper accumulation triggers a specific form of cell death, namely copper-dependent cell death (cuproptosis). This article aimed to review the correlation between copper dysregulation and the pathogenesis of AD, along with the primary pathways regulating copper homoeostasis and copper-induced death in AD. Additionally, the efficacy and safety of natural and synthetic agents, including copper chelators, lipid peroxidation inhibitors, and antioxidants, were examined. These treatments can restore copper equilibrium and prevent copper-induced cell death in AD cases. Another aim of this review was to highlight the significance of copper dysregulation and promote the development of pharmaceutical interventions to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinwang Chen
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Acupuncture Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiyan Gao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Acupuncture Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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10
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Yelamanda Rao K, Jeelan Basha S, Monika K, Naidu Gajula N, Sivakumar I, Kumar S, Vadde R, Aramati BMR, Subramanyam R, Damu AG. Development of quinazolinone and vanillin acrylamide hybrids as multi-target directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease and mechanistic insights into their binding with acetylcholinesterase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11148-11165. [PMID: 37098803 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2203255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In view of Multi-Target Directed Ligand (MTDL) approach in treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a series of novel quinazolinone and vanillin cyanoacetamide based acrylamide derivatives (9a-z) were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their activity against a panel of selected AD targets including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), amyloid β protein (Aβ), and also 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and neuroprotective activities. Five of the target analogs 9e, 9h, 9 l, 9t and 9z showed elevated AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.058 ± 0.06, 1.362 ± 0.09, 1.434 ± 0.10, 1.015 ± 0.10, 1.035 ± 0.02 µM respectively, high inhibition selectivity against AChE over BChE and good DPPH radical scavenging activity. Enzyme kinetic studies of the potent hybrids in the series disclosed their mixed inhibition approach. Active analogs were found to be non-toxic on SK-N-SH cell lines and have excellent neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell death. Strong modulating affinities on Aβ aggregation process were observed for most active compounds since; they irretrievably interrupted the morphology of Aβ42 fibrils, increased the aggregates and declined the Aβ-induced toxicity in neurons. From the fluorescence emission studies, the binding constants (K) were determined as 2.5 ± 0.021x103, 2.7 ± 0.015x103, 3.7 ± 0.020x103, 2.4 ± 0.013x104, and 5.0 ± 0.033x103 M-1 and binding free energies as -5.82 ± 0.033, -6.07 ± 0.042, -6.26 ± 0.015, -7.71 ± 0.024, and -6.29 ± 0.026 kcal M-1 for complexes of AChE-9e, 9h, 9 l, 9t and 9z, respectively. Moreover, the CD analysis inferred the limited modifications in the AChE secondary structure when it binds to 9e, 9h, 9 l, 9t and 9z. On the basis of docking studies against AChE, the most active congeners were well oriented in the enzyme's active site by interacting with both catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS). In summary, these quinazolinone and vanillin acrylamide hybrid analogs can be used as promising molecular template to further explore their in vivo efficiency in the development of lead compound to treat AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandrakonda Yelamanda Rao
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Jeelan Basha
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kallubai Monika
- Department of Biochemistry, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Navya Naidu Gajula
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Irla Sivakumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amooru Gangaiah Damu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
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11
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Barbosa DB, do Bomfim MR, de Oliveira TA, da Silva AM, Taranto AG, Cruz JN, de Carvalho PB, Campos JM, Santos CBR, Leite FHA. Development of Potential Multi-Target Inhibitors for Human Cholinesterases and Beta-Secretase 1: A Computational Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1657. [PMID: 38139784 PMCID: PMC10748024 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease causes chronic neurodegeneration and is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The causes of this disease are not fully understood but seem to involve two essential cerebral pathways: cholinergic and amyloid. The simultaneous inhibition of AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1, essential enzymes involved in those pathways, is a promising therapeutic approach to treat the symptoms and, hopefully, also halt the disease progression. This study sought to identify triple enzymatic inhibitors based on stereo-electronic requirements deduced from molecular modeling of AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1 active sites. A pharmacophore model was built, displaying four hydrophobic centers, three hydrogen bond acceptors, and one positively charged nitrogen, and used to prioritize molecules found in virtual libraries. Compounds showing adequate overlapping rates with the pharmacophore were subjected to molecular docking against the three enzymes and those with an adequate docking score (n = 12) were evaluated for physicochemical and toxicological parameters and commercial availability. The structure exhibiting the greatest inhibitory potential against all three enzymes was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) to assess the stability of the inhibitor-enzyme systems. The results of this in silico approach indicate ZINC1733 can be a potential multi-target inhibitor of AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1, and future enzymatic assays are planned to validate those results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyse B. Barbosa
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil; (D.B.B.); (M.R.d.B.); (F.H.A.L.)
| | - Mayra R. do Bomfim
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil; (D.B.B.); (M.R.d.B.); (F.H.A.L.)
| | - Tiago A. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Informática, Gestão e Desenho, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis 30575-180, MG, Brazil;
| | - Alisson M. da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Desenho de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36307-352, MG, Brazil; (A.M.d.S.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Alex G. Taranto
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Desenho de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36307-352, MG, Brazil; (A.M.d.S.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Jorddy N. Cruz
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
| | - Paulo B. de Carvalho
- Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus de la Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia—Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Franco H. A. Leite
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil; (D.B.B.); (M.R.d.B.); (F.H.A.L.)
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12
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Martins MM, Branco PS, Ferreira LM. Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect in Alzheimer's Disease Drugs: The role of Polypharmacology and Cholinesterase inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Margarida Martins
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| | - Paula S. Branco
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
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13
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Rajah Kumaran K, Yunusa S, Perimal E, Wahab H, Müller CP, Hassan Z. Insights into the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Current Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:507-530. [PMID: 36502321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aging population increases steadily because of a healthy lifestyle and medical advancements in healthcare. However, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming more common and problematic among older adults. AD-related cases show an increasing trend annually, and the younger age population may also be at risk of developing this disorder. AD constitutes a primary form of dementia, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that steadily damages cognitive functions and the ability to perform daily tasks. Later in life, AD leads to death as a result of the degeneration of specific brain areas. Currently, the cause of AD is poorly understood, and there is no safe and effective therapeutic agent to cure or slow down its progression. The condition is entirely preventable, and no study has yet demonstrated encouraging findings in terms of treatment. Identifying this disease's pathophysiology can help researchers develop safe and efficient therapeutic strategies to treat this ailment. This review outlines and discusses the pathophysiology that resulted in the development of AD including amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, glutamate excitotoxicity, and changes in neurotrophins level may sound better based on the literature search from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Potential therapeutic strategies are discussed to provide more insights into AD mechanisms by developing some possible pharmacological agents for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesevan Rajah Kumaran
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Yunusa
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Bauchi State University Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - Enoch Perimal
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Christian P Müller
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Tassopoulou VP, Tzara A, Kourounakis AP. Design of Improved Antidiabetic Drugs: A Journey from Single to Multitarget Agents. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200320. [PMID: 36184571 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multifactorial diseases exhibit a complex pathophysiology with several factors contributing to their pathogenesis and development. Examples of such disorders are neurodegenerative (e. g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) and cardiovascular diseases (e. g. atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes II). Traditional therapeutic approaches with single-target drugs have been proven, in many cases, unsatisfactory for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as diabetes II. The well-established by now strategy of multitarget drugs is constantly gaining interest and momentum, as a more effective approach. The development of pharmacomolecules able to simultaneously modulate multiple relevant-to-the-disease targets has already several successful examples in various fields and has, as such, inspired the design of multitarget antidiabetic agents; this review highlights the design aspect and efficacy of this approach for improved antidiabetics by presenting several examples of successful pharmacophore combinations in (multitarget) agents that modulate two or more molecular targets involved in diabetes II, resulting in a superior antihyperglycemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki-Panagiota Tassopoulou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadni Tzara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
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15
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Kumar N, Gupta P, Bansal S. Progress and Development of Carbazole Scaffold Based as Potential Anti-
Alzheimer Agents Using MTDL Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220314144219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease (NDs) found in old age people with associated
most common symptom dementia. MTDLs (Multi-Target Direct Ligand strategy) is based on a combination
of two or more bioactive pharmacophores into a single molecule and this phenomenon has received a
great attention in the new era of modern drug discovery and emerging as a choice to treat this complex
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In last fifteen years, many research groups designed, and synthesized new
carbazole integrated molecules linked with other bioactive pharmacophores like thiazoles, carvedilol, α-
naphthylaminopropan-2-ol, tacrine, ferulic acid, piperazine, coumarin, chalcones, stilbene, benzyl piperidine,
adamantane, quinoline, phthalocyanines, α-amino phosphonate, thiosemicarbazones, hydrazones,
etc. derivatives using MTDLs approach to confront AD. The present review entails the scientific data on
carbazole hybrids as potential Anti-Alzheimer activities from 2007 to 2021 that have shown potential
anti-Alzheimer activities through multiple target pathways thereby promising hope for new drug development
to confront AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Sanskar College of Pharmacy and Research (SCPR), NH-24, Ahead Masuri Canal, Ghaziabad 201302, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sahil Bansal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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16
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Guzman-Lopez EG, Reina M, Perez-Gonzalez A, Francisco-Marquez M, Hernandez-Ayala LF, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Galano A. CADMA-Chem: A Computational Protocol Based on Chemical Properties Aimed to Design Multifunctional Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13246. [PMID: 36362034 PMCID: PMC9658414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A computational protocol aimed to design new antioxidants with versatile behavior is presented. It is called Computer-Assisted Design of Multifunctional Antioxidants and is based on chemical properties (CADMA-Chem). The desired multi-functionality consists of in different methods of antioxidant protection combined with neuroprotection, although the protocol can also be used to pursue other health benefits. The dM38 melatonin derivative is used as a study case to illustrate the protocol in detail. This was found to be a highly promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegeneration, in particular Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This also has the desired properties of an oral-drug, which is significantly better than Trolox for scavenging free radicals, and has chelates redox metals, prevents the ●OH production, via Fenton-like reactions, repairs oxidative damage in biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and DNA), and acts as a polygenic neuroprotector by inhibiting catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB). To the best of our best knowledge, CADMA-Chem is currently the only protocol that simultaneously involves the analyses of drug-like behavior, toxicity, manufacturability, versatile antioxidant protection, and receptor-ligand binding affinities. It is expected to provide a starting point that helps to accelerate the discovery of oral drugs with the potential to prevent, or slow down, multifactorial human health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gabriel Guzman-Lopez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | - Miguel Reina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Perez-Gonzalez
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Felipe Hernandez-Ayala
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | - Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
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17
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Elkina NA, Grishchenko MV, Shchegolkov EV, Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Astakhova TY, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Zhilina EF, Perminova AN, Lapshin LS, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Richardson RJ. New Multifunctional Agents for Potential Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Based on Tacrine Conjugates with 2-Arylhydrazinylidene-1,3-Diketones. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1551. [PMID: 36358901 PMCID: PMC9687805 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a modern epidemic because of its increasing prevalence worldwide and serious medico-social consequences, including the economic burden of treatment and patient care. The development of new effective therapeutic agents for AD is one of the most urgent and challenging tasks. To address this need, we used an aminoalkylene linker to combine the well-known anticholinesterase drug tacrine with antioxidant 2-tolylhydrazinylidene-1,3-diketones to create 3 groups of hybrid compounds as new multifunctional agents with the potential for AD treatment. Lead compounds of the new conjugates effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 0.24-0.34 µM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50 0.036-0.0745 µM), with weak inhibition of off-target carboxylesterase. Anti-AChE activity increased with elongation of the alkylene spacer, in agreement with molecular docking, which showed compounds binding to both the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE, consistent with mixed type reversible inhibition. PAS binding along with effective propidium displacement suggest the potential of the hybrids to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation, a disease-modifying effect. All of the conjugates demonstrated metal chelating ability for Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+, as well as high antiradical activity in the ABTS test. Non-fluorinated hybrid compounds 6 and 7 also showed Fe3+ reducing activity in the FRAP test. Predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of conjugates indicated good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters acceptable for potential lead compounds at the early stages of anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Elkina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Maria V. Grishchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y. Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina F. Zhilina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Anastasiya N. Perminova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Luka S. Lapshin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Yanina V. Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Victor I. Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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18
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da Rosa MM, de Amorim LC, Alves JVDO, Aguiar IFDS, Oliveira FGDS, da Silva MV, dos Santos MTC. The promising role of natural products in Alzheimer's disease. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2022.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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19
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Macedo Vaz S, de Freitas Silva M, Dos Reis Rosa Franco G, Jorge R Guimarães M, Motta R da Silva F, Gonçalves Castro N, Alvim Guedes I, Dardenne LE, Amaral Alves M, Garrett da Costa R, Beserra Pinheiro G, Germino Veras L, Renata Mortari M, Pruccoli L, Tarozzi A, Viegas C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-hydroxy-methylpiperidinyl-N-benzyl-acylarylhydrazone hybrids designed as novel multifunctional drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 71:116952. [PMID: 35930852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The search for new drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complex challenge for medicinal chemists due to its multifactorial pathogenesis and incompletely understood physiopathology. In this context, we have explored the molecular hybridization of pharmacophore structural fragments from known bioactive molecules, aiming to obtain a novel molecular architecture in new chemical entities capable of concomitantly interacting with multiple targets in a so-called multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) approach. This work describes the synthesis of 4-hydroxymethyl)piperidine-N-benzyl-acyl-hydrazone derivatives 5a-l, designed as novel MTDLs, showing improved multifunctional properties compared to the previously reported parent series of N-benzyl-(3-hydroxy)piperidine-acyl-hydrazone derivatives 4. The new improved derivatives were studied in silico, regarding their mode of interaction with AChE enzyme, and in vitro, for evaluation of their effects on the selective inhibition of cholinesterases, cellular antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities as their cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. Overall, compound PQM-181 (5 k) showed the best balanced selective and non-competitive inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 5.9 μM, SI > 5.1), with an additional antioxidant activity (IC50 = 7.45 µM) against neuronal t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress and neuroprotective ability against neurotoxicity elicited by both t-BOOH and OAβ1-42, and a moderate ability to interfere in Aβ1-42 aggregates, with low cytotoxicity and good predictive druggability properties, suggesting a multifunctional pharmacological profile suitable for further drug development against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Macedo Vaz
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Graziella Dos Reis Rosa Franco
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jorge R Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Motta R da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Newton Gonçalves Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Isabella Alvim Guedes
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing - LNCC, Petropolis, RJ 25651-075, Brazil
| | - Laurent E Dardenne
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing - LNCC, Petropolis, RJ 25651-075, Brazil
| | - Marina Amaral Alves
- Laboratory of Metabolomics - LabMeta/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett da Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolomics - LabMeta/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Beserra Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Germino Veras
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Rimini, 47921, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Rimini, 47921, Italy
| | - Cláudio Viegas
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil.
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20
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Dias Viegas FP, Gontijo VS, de Freitas Silva M, Cristancho Ortiz CJ, Franco GDRR, Ernesto JT, Damasio CM, Fernandes Silva IM, Campos TG, Viegas C. Curcumin, Resveratrol and Cannabidiol as Natural Key Prototypes in Drug Design for Neuroprotective Agents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1297-1328. [PMID: 34825873 PMCID: PMC9881080 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210712152532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), represent a great challenge in different scientific fields, such as neuropharmacology, medicinal chemistry, molecular biology and medicine, as all these pathologies remain incurable, with high socioeconomic impacts and high costs for governmental health services. Due to their severity and multifactorial pathophysiological complexity, the available approved drugs for clinic have not yet shown adequate effectiveness and exhibited very restricted options in the therapeutic arsenal; this highlights the need for continued drug discovery efforts in the academia and industry. In this context, natural products, such as curcumin (1), resveratrol (2) and cannabidiol (CBD, 3) have been recognized as important sources, with promising chemical entities, prototype models and starting materials for medicinal organic chemistry, as their molecular architecture, multifunctional properties and single chemical diversity could facilitate the discovery, optimization and development of innovative drug candidates with improved pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics compared to the known drugs and, perhaps, provide a chance for discovering novel effective drugs to combat NDs. In this review, we report the most recent efforts of medicinal chemists worldwide devoted to the exploration of curcumin (1), resveratrol (2) and cannabidiol (CBD, 3) as starting materials or privileged scaffolds in the design of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential therapeutic properties against NDs, which have been published in the scientific literature during the last 10 years of research and are available in PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia P. Dias Viegas
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil;
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Cindy Juliet Cristancho Ortiz
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Graziella dos Reis Rosa Franco
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Januário Tomás Ernesto
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil;
| | - Caio Miranda Damasio
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil;
| | - Isabela Marie Fernandes Silva
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil;
| | - Thâmara Gaspar Campos
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Viegas
- PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; ,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Alfenas, Brazil,Address correspondence to this author at the PeQuiM - Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil; Tel: +55 35 37011880; E-mail:
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21
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George N, Jawaid Akhtar M, Al Balushi KA, Alam Khan S. Rational drug design strategies for the development of promising multi-target directed indole hybrids as Anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105941. [PMID: 35714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that leads to dementia i.e., progressive memory loss accompanied with worsening of thinking ability of an individual. The cause of AD is not fully understood but it progresses with age where brain cells gradually die over time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 50 million people worldwide are affected by dementia and 60-70% of the cases belong to AD. Cumulative research over the past few decades have shown that molecules that act at a single target possess limited efficacy since these investigational drugs are not able to act against complex pathologies and thus do not provide permanent cure. Designing of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) appears to be more beneficial and a rational approach to treat chronic complex diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, MTDLs are being extensively researched by the medicinal chemists for the development of drugs for the treatment of various multifactorial diseases. Indole is one of the privileged scaffolds which is considered as an essential mediator between the gut-brain axis because of its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, β-amyloid anti-aggregation and antioxidant activities. Herein, we have reviewed the potential of some indole-hybrids acting at multiple targets in the pathogenesis of AD. We have reviewed research articles from the year 2014-2021 from various scientific databases and highlighted the synthetic strategies, mechanisms of neuroprotection, toxicity, structure activity relationships and molecular docking studies of various indole-hybrid derivatives. This literature review of published data on indole derivatives indicated that developing indole hybrids have improved the pharmacokinetic profile with lower toxicity, provided synergistic effect, helped to develop more potent compounds and prevented drug-drug interactions. It is evident that this class of compounds have potential to inhibit multiple enzymes targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD and therefore indole hybrids as MTDLs may play an important role in the development of anti-AD molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namy George
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman.
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22
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Jakubiec M, Abram M, Zagaja M, Andres-Mach M, Szewczyk A, Latacz G, Szulczyk B, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wlaź P, Metcalf CS, Wilcox K, Kamiński RM, Kamiński K. New Phenylglycinamide Derivatives with Hybrid Structure as Candidates for New Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121862. [PMID: 35740990 PMCID: PMC9221546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a focused combinatorial chemistry approach was applied to merge structural fragments of well-known TRPV1 antagonists with a potent anticonvulsant lead compound, KA-104, that was previously discovered by our group. Consequently, a series of 22 original compounds has been designed, synthesized, and characterized in the in vivo and in vitro assays. The obtained compounds showed robust in vivo antiseizure activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) test and in the 6 Hz seizure model (using both 32 and 44 mA current intensities). The most potent compounds 53 and 60 displayed the following pharmacological profile: ED50 = 89.7 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 29.9 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), ED50 = 68.0 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), and ED50 = 73.6 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 24.6 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), and ED50 = 56.3 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), respectively. Additionally, 53 and 60 were effective in the ivPTZ seizure threshold and had no influence on the grip strength and body temperature in mice. The in vitro binding and functional assays indicated a multimodal mechanism of action for 53 and 60. These molecules, beyond TRPV1 antagonism, inhibited calcium currents and fast sodium currents in patch-clamp assays. Further studies proved beneficial in vitro ADME-Tox properties for 53 and 60 (i.e., high metabolic stability, weak influence on CYPs, no neurotoxicity, etc.). Overall, 53 and 60 seem to be interesting candidates for future preclinical development in epilepsy and pain indications due to their interaction with the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Cameron S. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Karen Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Rafał M. Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-54-59
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23
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Resveratrol-based compounds and neurodegeneration: Recent insight in multitarget therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Makarian M, Gonzalez M, Salvador SM, Lorzadeh S, Hudson PK, Pecic S. Synthesis, kinetic evaluation and molecular docking studies of donepezil-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022; 1247. [PMID: 35221376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new therapeutic agents to treat Alzheimer's disease, a series of donepezil-based analogs were designed, synthesized using an environmentally friendly route, and biologically evaluated for their inhibitory activity against electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. In vitro studies revealed that the phenyl moiety of donepezil can be successfully replaced with a pyridine ring leading to equally potent inhibitors of electric eel AChE. Further kinetic evaluations of the most potent inhibitor showed a dual-binding (mixed inhibition) mode, similar to donepezil. Molecular modeling studies suggest that several additional residues could be involved in the binding of this inhibitor in the human AChE enzyme active site compared to donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makar Makarian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | - Michael Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | - Stephanie M Salvador
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Paula K Hudson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
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25
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Haghighijoo Z, Zamani L, Moosavi F, Emami S. Therapeutic potential of quinazoline derivatives for Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113949. [PMID: 34742016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolines are considered as a promising class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with broad properties. Particularly, the quinazoline scaffold has an impressive role in the design and synthesis of new CNS-active drugs. The drug-like properties and pharmacological characteristics of quinazoline could lead to different drugs with various targets. Among CNS disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with memory loss, cognitive decline and language dysfunction. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease therefore, the need for finding multi-target drugs against this devastative disease is urgent. A literature survey revealed that quinazoline derivatives have diverse therapeutic potential for AD as modulators/inhibitors of β-amyloid, tau protein, cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and phosphodiesterases as well as other protective effects. Thus, we describe here the most relevant and recent studies about anti-AD agents with quinazoline structure which can further aid the development and discovery of new anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haghighijoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Leila Zamani
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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26
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Živančević K, Baralić K, Bozic D, Miljaković EA, Djordjević AB, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Bulat P, Đukić-Ćosić D. Involvement of environmentally relevant toxic metal mixture in Alzheimer's disease pathway alteration and protective role of berberine: Bioinformatics analysis and toxicogenomic screening. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Investigation of glutathione as a natural antioxidant and multitarget inhibitor for Alzheimer’s disease: Insights from molecular simulations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Rational design and synthesis of modified natural peptides from Boana pulchella (anura) as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants. Amino Acids 2021; 54:181-192. [PMID: 34738177 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, antioxidants or multitarget compounds are among the main strategies against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Between AChE inhibitors, those targeting the peripheral anionic site (PAS) are of special interest. Here, we describe the rational design and synthesis of peptide analogs of a natural PAS-targeting sequence that we recently discovered, aiming at increasing its activity against AChE. We also tested their radical scavenging and metal chelating properties. Our design strategy was based on the position-specific, computer-aided insertion of aromatic residues. The analog named as W3 showed a 30-fold higher inhibitory activity than the original sequence and an improved antioxidant activity. W3 is the most potent modified natural peptide against Electrophorus electricus AChE ever reported with an IC50 of 10.42 μM (± 1.02). In addition, it showed a radical scavenging activity of 47.00% ± 3.11 at 50 μM and 93.47% ± 1.53 at 400 μM. Since peptides are receiving increasing interest as drugs, we propose the W3 analog as an attractive sequence for the development of new peptide-based multitarget drugs for AD. Besides, this work sheds light on the importance of the aromatic residues in the modulation of AChE activity and their effect on the radical scavenging activity of a peptide.
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29
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Ahangar-Sirous R, Poudineh M, Ansari A, Nili A, Dana SMMA, Nasiri Z, Hosseini ZS, Karami D, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Garlic in Age-Related Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:377-398. [PMID: 34579639 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210927101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders [ANDs] involve neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD], the most frequent kind of dementia in elderly people, and Parkinson's disease [PD], and also other disorders like epilepsy and migraine. Although ANDs are multifactorial, Aging is a principal risk factor for them. The common and most main pathologic features among ANDs are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded proteins accumulation. Since failing brains caused by ANDs impose a notable burden on public health and their incidence is increasing, a lot of works has been done to overcome them. Garlic, Allium sativum, has been used for different medical purposes globally and more than thousands of publications have reported its health benefits. Garlic and aged garlic extract are considered potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agents and can have remarkable neuroprotective effects. This review is aimed to summarize knowledge on the pharmacotherapeutic potential of garlic and its components in ANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Ali Nili
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord. Iran
| | | | - Zahra Nasiri
- Student's Research Committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Dariush Karami
- Student's Research Committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Melika Mokhtari
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student's Research Committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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30
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Reddy MVK, Rao KY, Anusha G, Kumar GM, Damu AG, Reddy KR, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM, Reddy PVG. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel pyridine, quinoxaline and s-triazine derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111320. [PMID: 33991570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) cause hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain such as acquiring knowledge and comprehension. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes is an effective process to curb the progressive and fatal neurological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we explored the potential inhibitory activities of various pyridine, quinoxaline, and triazine derivatives (3a-k, 6a-j and 11a-h) against AChE and BuChE enzymes by following the modified Ellman's method. Further, anti-oxidant property of these libraries was monitored using DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) radical scavenging analysis. From the studies, we identified that compounds 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f behaved as selective AChE inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 7.23 to 10.35 μM. Further studies revealed good anti-oxidant activity by these compounds with IC50 values in the range of 14.80-27.22 μM. The kinetic studies of the active analogues demonstrated mixed-type of inhibition due to their interaction with both the catalytic active sites (CAS) and peripheral anionic sites (PAS) of the AChE. Additionally, molecular simulation in association with fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses explained strong affinities of inhibitors to bind with AChE enzyme at the physiological pH of 7.2. Binding constant values of 5.4 × 104, 4.3 × 104, 3.2 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 M-1 corresponding to free energy changes -5.593, -6.799, -6.605 and -8.104 KcalM-1 were obtained at 25 °C from fluorescence emission spectroscopic studies of 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f, respectively. Besides, CD spectroscopy deliberately explained the secondary structure of AChE partly unfolded upon binding with these dynamic molecules. Excellent in vitro profiles of distinct quinoxaline and triazine compounds highlighted them as the potential leads compared to pyridine derivatives, suggesting a path towards developing preventive or therapeutic targets to treat the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V K Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Y Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G M Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A G Damu
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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31
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Jurcau A, Simion A. Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease with Therapeutic Implications. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:94-108. [PMID: 32124703 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200303121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The significant gain in life expectancy led to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of dementia. Although vascular risk factors have long and repeatedly been shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), translating these findings into effective preventive measures has failed. In addition, the finding that incident ischemic stroke approximately doubles the risk of a patient to develop AD has been recently reinforced. Current knowledge and pathogenetic hypotheses of AD are discussed. The implication of oxidative stress in the development of AD is reviewed, with special emphasis on its sudden burst in the setting of acute ischemic stroke and the possible link between this increase in oxidative stress and consequent cognitive impairment. Current knowledge and future directions in the prevention and treatment of AD are discussed outlining the hypothesis of a possible beneficial effect of antioxidant treatment in acute ischemic stroke in delaying the onset/progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania.,Clinical Municipal Hospital "Dr. G Curteanu", Neurology Ward, Oradea, Romania
| | - Aurel Simion
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania.,Clinical Municipal Hospital "Dr. G Curteanu", Neurological Rehabilitation Ward, Oradea, Romania
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Kovaleva NV, Yu Astakhova T, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Proshin AN, Serkov IV, Trofimova TP, Tafeenko VA, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Fisenko VP, Korábečný J, Soukup O, Richardson RJ. Amiridine-piperazine hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors and potential multitarget agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104974. [PMID: 34029971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized eleven new amiridine-piperazine hybrids 5a-j and 7 as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment by reacting N-chloroacetylamiridine with piperazines. The compounds displayed mixed-type reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Conjugates were moderate inhibitors of equine and human BChE with negligible fluctuation in anti-BChE activity, whereas anti-AChE activity was substantially dependent on N4-substitution of the piperazine ring. Compounds with para-substituted aromatic moieties (5g, 5h, and bis-amiridine 7) had the highest anti-AChE activity in the low micromolar range. Top-ranked compound 5h, N-(2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinolin-9-yl)-2-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetamide, had an IC50 for AChE = 1.83 ± 0.03 μM (Ki = 1.50 ± 0.12 and αKi = 2.58 ± 0.23 μM). The conjugates possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating a likely absence of unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. In agreement with analysis of inhibition kinetics and molecular modeling studies, the lead compounds were found to bind effectively to the peripheral anionic site of AChE and displace propidium, indicating their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. Similar propidium displacement activity was first shown for amiridine. Two compounds, 5c (R = cyclohexyl) and 5e (R = 2-MeO-Ph), exhibited appreciable antioxidant capability with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 0.47 ± 0.03 and 0.39 ± 0.02, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the structure-activity relationships for AChE and BChE inhibition, including the observation that inhibitory potencies and computed pKa values of hybrids were generally lower than those of the parent molecules. Predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of conjugates indicated good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters comparable to those of amiridine and therefore acceptable for potential lead compounds at the early stages of anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey N Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Igor V Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Trofimova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Fisenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119881, Russia
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
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Synthesis and activity of miconazole derivatives as dual BChE/IDO1 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1105-1125. [PMID: 33960203 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurological disorder seen in elderly people. Loss of cholinergic transmission and unbalanced tryptophan metabolism kynurenine pathway have been demonstrated in neuropsychiatric diseases. Methods & results: Among the two series of synthesized compounds, compounds 5c and 5h were identified as effective dual BChE/IDO1 inhibitors, with well-balanced micromolar activity. Compounds 5c and 5h exhibited promising ability to ameliorate behavioral impairment by Morris water maze. The safety of miconazole analogs was also validated by PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Conclusion: These results highlight the ability of 5c and 5h to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Gorecki L, Uliassi E, Bartolini M, Janockova J, Hrabinova M, Hepnarova V, Prchal L, Muckova L, Pejchal J, Karasova JZ, Mezeiova E, Benkova M, Kobrlova T, Soukup O, Petralla S, Monti B, Korabecny J, Bolognesi ML. Phenothiazine-Tacrine Heterodimers: Pursuing Multitarget Directed Approach in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1698-1715. [PMID: 33852284 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2002, no clinical candidate against Alzheimer's disease has reached the market; hence, an effective therapy is urgently needed. We followed the so-called "multitarget directed ligand" approach and designed 36 novel tacrine-phenothiazine heterodimers which were in vitro evaluated for their anticholinesterase properties. The assessment of the structure-activity relationships of such derivatives highlighted compound 1dC as a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 8 nM and 1aA as a potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 15 nM. Selected hybrids, namely, 1aC, 1bC, 1cC, 1dC, and 2dC, showed a significant inhibitory activity toward τ(306-336) peptide aggregation with percent inhibition ranging from 50.5 to 62.1%. Likewise, 1dC and 2dC exerted a remarkable ability to inhibit self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Notwithstanding, in vitro studies displayed cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and cerebellar granule neurons; no pathophysiological abnormality was observed when 1dC was administered to mice at 14 mg/kg (i.p.). 1dC was also able to permeate to the CNS as shown by in vitro and in vivo models. The maximum brain concentration was close to the IC50 value for acetylcholinesterase inhibition with a relatively slow elimination half-time. 1dC showed an acceptable safety and good pharmacokinetic properties and a multifunctional biological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Z. Karasova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Wang H, Chen X, Mao M, Xue X. Multifaceted Therapy of Nanocatalysts in Neurological Diseases. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:711-743. [PMID: 34082864 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the development of enzymes immobilization technology and the discover of nanozymes, catalytic therapy exhibited tremendous potential for neurological diseases therapy. In especial, since the discovery of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles possessing intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, various nanozymes have been developed and recently started to explore for neurological diseases therapy, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. By combining the catalytic activities with other properties (such as optical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties) of nanomaterials, the multifunctional nanozymes would not only alleviate oxidative and nitrosative stress on the basis of multienzymes-mimicking activity, but also exert positive effects on immunization, inflammation, autophagy, protein aggregation, which provides the foundation for multifaceted treatments. This review will summarize various types of nanocatalysts and further provides a valuable discussion on multifaceted treatment by nanozymes for neurological diseases, which is anticipated to provide an easily accessible guide to the key opportunities and current challenges of the nanozymes-mediated treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
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Iqubal A, Rahman SO, Ahmed M, Bansal P, Haider MR, Iqubal MK, Najmi AK, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Current Quest in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Targeted-Designed-Ligand Based Approach with Preclinical and Clinical Based Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:685-720. [PMID: 33302832 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common and most chronic neurological disorder (NDs) associated with cognitive dysfunction. Pathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, and neurofibrillary tangles, however, persistence oxidative-nitrative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins along with altered neurotransmitters level are common etiological attributes in its pathogenesis. Rivastigmine, memantine, galantamine, and donepezil are FDA approved drugs for symptomatic management of AD, whereas tacrine has been withdrawn because of hepatotoxic profile. These approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and exhibit poor patient compliance. In the current scenario, the number of published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of naturally occurring bioactive molecules via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neurotransmitter modulatory properties. Despite their potent therapeutic implications, concerns have arisen in context to their efficacy and probable clinical outcome. Thus, to overcome these glitches, many heterocyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon compounds inspired by natural sources have been synthesized and showed improved therapeutic activity. Computational studies (molecular docking) have been used to predict the binding affinity of these natural bioactive as well as synthetic compounds derived from natural sources for the acetylcholine esterase, α/β secretase Nuclear Factor kappa- light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and other neurological targets. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the molecular etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of natural products, chemical and pharmacological aspects and multi-targeted designed ligands (MTDLs) of synthetic and semisynthetic molecules derived from the natural sources along with some important on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Musheer Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Pratichi Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Pirolla NFF, Batista VS, Dias Viegas FP, Gontijo VS, McCarthy CR, Viegas C, Nascimento-Júnior NM. Alzheimer's Disease: Related Targets, Synthesis of Available Drugs, Bioactive Compounds Under Development and Promising Results Obtained from Multi-target Approaches. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:505-538. [PMID: 32814524 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999200819144544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the therapeutic targets involved in Alzheimer's disease as well as the available drugs and their synthetic routes. Bioactive compounds under development are also exploited to illustrate some recent research advances on the medicinal chemistry of Alzheimer's disease, including structure-activity relationships for some targets. The importance of multi-target approaches, including some examples from our research projects, guides new perspectives in search of more effective drug candidates. This review comprises the period between 2001 and early 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália F F Pirolla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, and Molecular Modelling (LaQMedSOMM), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Victor S Batista
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, and Molecular Modelling (LaQMedSOMM), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pereira Dias Viegas
- Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas-MG, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas-MG, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Caitlin R McCarthy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, and Molecular Modelling (LaQMedSOMM), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Viegas
- Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas-MG, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Nailton M Nascimento-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, and Molecular Modelling (LaQMedSOMM), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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Khatri DK, Kadbhane A, Patel M, Nene S, Atmakuri S, Srivastava S, Singh SB. Gauging the role and impact of drug interactions and repurposing in neurodegenerative disorders. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100022. [PMID: 34909657 PMCID: PMC8663985 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are of vast origin which are characterized by gradual progressive loss of neurons in the brain region. ND can be classified according to the clinical symptoms present (e.g. Cognitive decline, hyperkinetic, and hypokinetic movements disorder) or by the pathological protein deposited (e.g., Amyloid, tau, Alpha-synuclein, TDP-43). Alzheimer's disease preceded by Parkinson's is the most prevalent form of ND world-wide. Multiple factors like aging, genetic mutations, environmental factors, gut microbiota, blood-brain barrier microvascular complication, etc. may increase the predisposition towards ND. Genetic mutation is a major contributor in increasing the susceptibility towards ND, the concept of one disease-one gene is obsolete and now multiple genes are considered to be involved in causing one particular disease. Also, the involvement of multiple pathological mechanisms like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc. contributes to the complexity and makes them difficult to be treated by traditional mono-targeted ligands. In this aspect, the Poly-pharmacological drug approach which targets multiple pathological pathways at the same time provides the best way to treat such complex networked CNS diseases. In this review, we have provided an overview of ND and their pathological origin, along with a brief description of various genes associated with multiple diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's and a comprehensive detail about the Poly-pharmacology approach (MTDLs and Fixed-dose combinations) along with their merits over the traditional single-targeted drug is provided. This review also provides insights into current repurposing strategies along with its regulatory considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Corresponding authors. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Corresponding authors. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Design and synthesis of novel tacrine-indole hybrids as potential multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:785-804. [PMID: 33829876 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of new compounds whose structure combines tacrine and indole moieties. Tacrine-indole heterodimers were designed to inhibit cholinesterases and β-amyloid formation, and to cross the blood-brain barrier. The most potent new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were compounds 3c and 4d (IC50 = 25 and 39 nM, respectively). Compound 3c displayed considerably higher selectivity for acetylcholinesterase relative to human plasma butyrylcholinesterase in comparison to compound 4d (selectivity index: IC50 [butyrylcholinesterase]/IC50 [acetylcholinesterase] = 3 and 0.6, respectively). Furthermore, compound 3c inhibited β-amyloid-dependent amyloid nucleation in the yeast-based prion nucleation assay and displayed no dsDNA destabilizing interactions with DNA. Compounds 3c and 4d displayed a high probability of crossing the blood-brain barrier. The results support the potential of 3c for future development as a dual-acting therapeutic agent in the prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Pavan Kumar H, Kumara HK, Suhas R, Channe Gowda D. Multitarget-directed therapeutics: (Urea/thiourea) 2 derivatives of diverse heterocyclic-Lys conjugates. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000468. [PMID: 33728698 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new small library of molecules containing bis-urea/thiourea pendants in lysine conjugated to three different heterocycles is described. The heterocycles used in this study have benzisoxazole/piperazine/piperidine units. After a detailed antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory evaluation, it was found that the most active compounds are 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19 and 10, 11, 19 and 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, respectively. Further, it was observed that the presence of all three entities, that is, urea/thiourea, the substituent (OMe/F), as well as the heterocycle, is highly essential for exerting potent activity. Among the heterocycles, the presence of isoxazole seems to be highly beneficial for exerting good potency. In continuation, docking studies have revealed extraordinary binding efficiency for some of the active compounds. Given their potent biological results and docking score, some of the title compounds could be potential drug candidates for microbial-related diseases and provide a basis for future research into the development of molecules possessing multitask ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pavan Kumar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - H K Kumara
- Department of Chemistry, KLE Society's Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | - R Suhas
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognised Research Centre of University of Mysore), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Malafaia D, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS. Amyloid-β and tau aggregation dual-inhibitors: A synthetic and structure-activity relationship focused review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113209. [PMID: 33548635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of dementia, especially in elderly, with an increasing number of people suffering from this disease worldwide. There are no available disease-modifying therapies and only four drugs are approved for the relief of symptoms. Currently, the therapeutic approach used for AD treatment is based on single target drugs, which are not capable to stop its progression. To address this issue, multi-target compounds, combining two or more pharmacophores in a single molecular entity, have gained increasing interest to deal with the multiple factors related to AD. The exact cause of AD is not yet completely disclosed, and several hallmarks have been associated to this neurodegenerative disease. Even though, the accumulation of both amyloid-β plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are fully accepted as the main AD hallmarks, being object of lots of research for early-stage diagnosis and pharmacological therapy. In this context, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field of dual-target inhibitors of both Aβ and tau aggregation simultaneously, including the design and synthetic strategy of the dual-target compounds, as well as a brief structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malafaia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hélio M T Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Alarcón-Espósito J, Mallea M, Rodríguez-Lavado J. From Hybrids to New Scaffolds: The Latest Medicinal Chemistry Goals in Multi-target Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:832-867. [PMID: 32928087 PMCID: PMC8686302 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200914155951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting cognition, behavior, and function, being one of the most common causes of mental deterioration in elderly people. Once thought as being just developed because of β amyloid depositions or neurofibrillary Tau tangles, during the last decades, numerous AD-related targets have been established, the multifactorial nature of AD became evident. In this context, the one drug-one target paradigm has resulted in being inefficient in facing AD and other disorders with complex etiology, opening the field for the emergence of the multitarget approach. In this review, we highlight the recent advances within this area, emphasizing in hybridization tools of well-known chemical scaffolds endowed with pharmacological properties concerning AD, such as curcumin-, resveratrol-, chromone- and indole-. We focus mainly on well established and incipient AD therapeutic targets, AChE, BuChE, MAOs, β-amyloid deposition, 5-HT4 and Serotonin transporter, with the aim to shed light about new insights in the AD multitarget therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín Alarcón-Espósito
- Departamento de Quimica Organica y Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Mallea
- Departamento de Quimica Organica y Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Rodríguez-Lavado
- Departamento de Quimica Organica y Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Faingold II, Poletaeva DA, Soldatova YV, Kotelnikova RA, Serkov IV, Ustinov AK, Proshin AN, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Richardson RJ. New Multifunctional Agents Based on Conjugates of 4-Amino-2,3-polymethylenequinoline and Butylated Hydroxytoluene for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245891. [PMID: 33322783 PMCID: PMC7763995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New hybrids of 4-amino-2,3-polymethylenequinoline with different sizes of the aliphatic ring linked to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) by enaminoalkyl (7) or aminoalkyl (8) spacers were synthesized as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. All compounds were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with selectivity toward BChE. Lead compound 8c, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-{[2-(7,8,9,10- tetrahydro-6H-cyclohepta[b]quinolin-11-ylamino)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol exhibited an IC50(AChE) = 1.90 ± 0.16 µM, IC50(BChE) = 0.084 ± 0.008 µM, and 13.6 ± 1.2% propidium displacement at 20 μM. Compounds possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating likely absence of clinically unwanted drug-drug interactions. Kinetics were consistent with mixed-type reversible inhibition of both cholinesterases. Docking indicated binding to catalytic and peripheral AChE sites; peripheral site binding along with propidium displacement suggest the potential of the hybrids to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation, a disease-modifying effect. Compounds demonstrated high antioxidant activity in ABTS and FRAP assays as well as inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in mouse brain homogenates. Conjugates 8 with amine-containing spacers were better antioxidants than those with enamine spacers 7. Computational ADMET profiles for all compounds predicted good blood-brain barrier distribution (permeability), good intestinal absorption, and medium cardiac toxicity risk. Overall, based on their favorable pharmacological and ADMET profiles, conjugates 8 appear promising as candidates for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I. Faingold
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Darya A. Poletaeva
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Yuliya V. Soldatova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Raisa A. Kotelnikova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Igor V. Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Anatoly K. Ustinov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Alexey N. Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-0769
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44
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Gontijo VS, Viegas FPD, Ortiz CJC, de Freitas Silva M, Damasio CM, Rosa MC, Campos TG, Couto DS, Tranches Dias KS, Viegas C. Molecular Hybridization as a Tool in the Design of Multi-target Directed Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:348-407. [PMID: 31631821 PMCID: PMC7457438 DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are progressive multifactorial neurological pathologies related to neuronal impairment and functional loss from different brain regions. Currently, no effective treatments are available for any NDs, and this lack of efficacy has been attributed to the multitude of interconnected factors involved in their pathophysiology. In the last two decades, a new approach for the rational design of new drug candidates, also called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, has emerged and has been used in the design and for the development of a variety of hybrid compounds capable to act simultaneously in diverse biological targets. Based on the polypharmacology concept, this new paradigm has been thought as a more secure and effective way for modulating concomitantly two or more biochemical pathways responsible for the onset and progress of NDs, trying to overcome low therapeutical effectiveness. As a complement to our previous review article (Curr. Med. Chem. 2007, 14 (17), 1829-1852. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058805), herein we aimed to cover the period from 2008 to 2019 and highlight the most recent advances of the exploitation of Molecular Hybridization (MH) as a tool in the rational design of innovative multifunctional drug candidate prototypes for the treatment of NDs, specially focused on AD, PD, HD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Flávia P Dias Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Cindy Juliet Cristancho Ortiz
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Caio Miranda Damasio
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Mayara Chagas Rosa
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Thâmara Gaspar Campos
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Dyecika Souza Couto
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
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45
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The Search for New Anticonvulsants in a Group of (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)(phenyl)Acetamides with Hybrid Structure-Synthesis and In Vivo/In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228780. [PMID: 33233618 PMCID: PMC7699745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy belongs to the most common and debilitating neurological disorders with multifactorial pathophysiology and a high level of drug resistance. Therefore, with the aim of searching for new, more effective, and/or safer therapeutics, we discovered a focused series of original hybrid pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives with potent anticonvulsant properties. We applied an optimized coupling reaction yielding several hybrid compounds that showed broad-spectrum activity in widely accepted animal seizure models, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES) test and the psychomotor 6 Hz (32 mA) seizure model in mice. The most potent anticonvulsant activity and favorable safety profile was demonstrated for compound 30 (median effective dose (ED50) MES = 45.6 mg/kg, ED50 6 Hz (32 mA) = 39.5 mg/kg, median toxic dose (TD50) (rotarod test) = 162.4 mg/kg). Anticonvulsant drugs often show activity in pain models, and compound 30 was also proven effective in the formalin test of tonic pain, the capsaicin-induced pain model, and the oxaliplatin (OXPT)-induced neuropathic pain model in mice. Our studies showed that the most plausible mechanism of action of 30 involves inhibition of calcium currents mediated by Cav1.2 (L-type) channels. Importantly, 30 revealed high metabolic stability on human liver microsomes, negligible hepatotoxicity, and relatively weak inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 isoforms of cytochrome P450, compared to reference compounds. The promising in vivo activity profile and drug-like properties of compound 30 make it an interesting candidate for further preclinical development.
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46
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Haghighijoo Z, Akrami S, Saeedi M, Zonouzi A, Iraji A, Larijani B, Fakherzadeh H, Sharifi F, Arzaghi SM, Mahdavi M, Edraki N. N-Cyclohexylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as multi-target-directed ligands for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dogan B, Durdagi S. Drug Re-positioning Studies for Novel HIV-1 Inhibitors Using Binary QSAR Models and Multi-target-driven In Silico Studies. Mol Inform 2020; 40:e2000012. [PMID: 33405326 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current antiretroviral therapies against HIV involve the usage of at least two drugs that target different stages of HIV life cycle. However, potential drug interactions and side effects pose a problem. A promising concept for complex disease treatment is 'one molecule-multiple target' approach to overcome undesired effects of multiple drugs. Additionally, it is beneficial to consider drug re-purposing due to the cost of taking a drug into the market. Taking these into account, here potential anti-HIV compounds are suggested by virtually screening small approved drug molecules and clinical candidates. Initially, binary QSAR models are used to predict the therapeutic activity of around 7900 compounds against HIV and to predict the toxicity of molecules with high therapeutic activities. Selected compounds are considered for molecular docking studies against two targets, HIV-1 protease enzyme, and chemokine co-receptor CCR5. The top docking poses for all 549 molecules are then subjected to short (1 ns) individual molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and they are ranked based on their calculated relative binding free energies. Finally, 25 molecules are selected for long (200 ns) MD simulations, and 5 molecules are suggested as promising multi-target HIV agents. The results of this study may open new avenues for the designing of new dual HIV-1 inhibitor scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Dogan
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Perone R, Albertini C, Uliassi E, Di Pietri F, de Sena Murteira Pinheiro P, Petralla S, Rizzardi N, Fato R, Pulkrabkova L, Soukup O, Tramarin A, Bartolini M, Bolognesi ML. Turning Donepezil into a Multi-Target-Directed Ligand through a Merging Strategy. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:187-198. [PMID: 32716144 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the widespread use and safety profile of donepezil (1) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most widely adopted multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) design strategies is to modify its molecular structure by linking a second fragment carrying an additional AD-relevant biological property. Herein, supported by a proposed combination therapy of 1 and the quinone drug idebenone, we rationally designed novel 1-based MTDLs targeting Aβ and oxidative pathways. By exploiting a bioisosteric replacement of the indanone core of 1 with a 1,4-naphthoquinone, we ended up with a series of highly merged derivatives, in principle devoid of the "physicochemical challenge" typical of large hybrid-based MTDLs. A preliminary investigation of their multi-target profile identified 9, which showed a potent and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, together with antioxidant and antiaggregating properties. In addition, it displayed a promising drug-like profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Perone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flaminia Di Pietri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lenka Pulkrabkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Tramarin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48/Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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49
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Makhoba XH, Viegas C, Mosa RA, Viegas FPD, Pooe OJ. Potential Impact of the Multi-Target Drug Approach in the Treatment of Some Complex Diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3235-3249. [PMID: 32884235 PMCID: PMC7440888 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s257494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to acknowledge the efforts made thus far to manage or eliminate various disease burden faced by humankind. However, the rising global trends of the so-called incurable diseases continue to put pressure on Pharma industries and other drug discovery platforms. In the past, drugs with more than one target were deemed as undesirable options with interest being on the one-drug-single target. Despite the successes of the single-target drugs, it is currently beyond doubt that these drugs have limited efficacy against complex diseases in which the pathogenesis is dependent on a set of biochemical events and several bioreceptors operating concomitantly. Different approaches have thus been proposed to come up with effective drugs to combat even the complex diseases. In the past, the focus was on producing drugs from screening plant compounds; today, we talk about combination therapy and multi-targeting drugs. The multi-target drugs have recently attracted much attention as promising tools to fight against most challenging diseases, and thus a new research focus area. This review will discuss the potential impact of multi-target drug approach on various complex diseases with focus on malaria, tuberculosis (TB), diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases as the main representatives of multifactorial diseases. We will also discuss alternative ideas to solve the current problems bearing in mind the fourth industrial revolution on drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xolani H Makhoba
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Claudio Viegas
- Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebamang A Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Flávia P D Viegas
- Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ofentse J Pooe
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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50
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de Freitas Silva M, Tardelli Lima E, Pruccoli L, Castro NG, Guimarães MJR, da Silva FMR, Fonseca Nadur N, de Azevedo LL, Kümmerle AE, Guedes IA, Dardenne LE, Gontijo VS, Tarozzi A, Viegas C. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triazole N-acylhydrazone Hybrids for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E3165. [PMID: 32664425 PMCID: PMC7397262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that involves different pathogenic mechanisms. In this regard, the goal of this study was the design and synthesis of new compounds with multifunctional pharmacological activity by molecular hybridization of structural fragments of curcumin and resveratrol connected by an N-acyl-hydrazone function linked to a 1,4-disubstituted triazole system. Among these hybrid compounds, derivative 3e showed the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species as well as the neurotoxicity elicited by Aβ42 oligomers in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In parallel, compound 3e showed a good profile of safety and ADME parameters. Taken together, these results suggest that 3e could be considered a lead compound for the further development of AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Freitas Silva
- Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Federal University of Alfenas, Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue, 2600, Alfenas 37130000, MG, Brazil; (E.T.L); (V.S.G.)
| | - Ellen Tardelli Lima
- Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Federal University of Alfenas, Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue, 2600, Alfenas 37130000, MG, Brazil; (E.T.L); (V.S.G.)
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Newton G. Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, RJ, Brazil; (N.G.C.); (M.J.R.G.); (F.M.R.d.S.)
| | - Marcos Jorge R. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, RJ, Brazil; (N.G.C.); (M.J.R.G.); (F.M.R.d.S.)
| | - Fernanda M. R. da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, RJ, Brazil; (N.G.C.); (M.J.R.G.); (F.M.R.d.S.)
| | - Nathalia Fonseca Nadur
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro—UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7 Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23890000, RJ, Brazil; (N.F.N.); (L.L.d.A.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Luciana Luiz de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro—UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7 Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23890000, RJ, Brazil; (N.F.N.); (L.L.d.A.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Arthur Eugen Kümmerle
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro—UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7 Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23890000, RJ, Brazil; (N.F.N.); (L.L.d.A.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Isabella Alvim Guedes
- Grupo de Modelagem Molecular em Sistemas Biológicos (GMMSB), National Laboratory for Scientific Computing—LNCC, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Petrópolis 25651-076, RJ, Brazil; (I.A.G.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Laurent Emmanuel Dardenne
- Grupo de Modelagem Molecular em Sistemas Biológicos (GMMSB), National Laboratory for Scientific Computing—LNCC, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Petrópolis 25651-076, RJ, Brazil; (I.A.G.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Federal University of Alfenas, Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue, 2600, Alfenas 37130000, MG, Brazil; (E.T.L); (V.S.G.)
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Claudio Viegas
- Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry (PeQuiM), Federal University of Alfenas, Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue, 2600, Alfenas 37130000, MG, Brazil; (E.T.L); (V.S.G.)
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