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Mohammadi AQ, Neyazi A, Rangelova V, Padhi BK, Odey GO, Ogbodum MU, Griffiths MD. Depression and quality of life among Afghan healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 36717925 PMCID: PMC9886205 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, approximately 280 million individuals worldwide suffer from depression. One occupational group that is more prone to mental health issues is healthcare workers (HCWs). However, very little is known about the mental health of HCWs in Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study examined depression, quality of life (QOL), and related factors among Afghan HCWs. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered in June 2022 among healthcare workers (N = 299) in the Herat province of Afghanistan. The survey examined depression, its risk factors and predictors among HCWs. RESULTS Of the 299 participants, 73.6% of them reported depression symptoms. Low monthly income, working in a private hospital, and being a cigarette smoker were some of the main variables associated with depression symptoms among Afghan HCWs. Multiple regression analysis indicated that field of work (aOR = 3.774, p = 0.0048), monthly income (aOR = 0.746, p = 0.0088), job type (aOR = 8.970, p < 0.0001), cigarette smoking (aOR = 2.955, p = 0.0069), a bad event happening during the past month (aOR = 2.433, p = 0.0157), physical domain of quality of life (aOR = 0.966, p = 0.0186), and psychological domain of quality of life (aOR = 0.950, p = 0.0005) were significantly associated with depression symptoms. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression symptoms is high among healthcare workers in the Herat province of Afghanistan. One of the variables found to have a major impact on the prevalence of depression was their monthly income. Considering its impact on quality of life and the overall quality of healthcare services, the government should implement regular screening for depression, psychological counselling services, and psychiatric treatment for vulnerable healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Neyazi
- Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Vanya Rangelova
- grid.35371.330000 0001 0726 0380Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Goodness Ogeyi Odey
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Molly Unoh Ogbodum
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Manzano García G, Montañés Muro MP, López Megías J. Does the economic crisis contribute to the burnout and engagement of Spanish nurses? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1609-1616. [PMID: 33716472 PMCID: PMC7936240 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The national and European economic crisis has caused significant changes in the National Health System in Spain, among others a considerable deterioration in the working conditions of nursing professionals. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the economic crisis situation influenced the burnout and engagement of Spanish nursing professionals. The research design was a transversal study based on descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Because the variable "economic crisis" is not susceptible to direct experimental manipulation, to explore its possible influence on the burnout and engagement of nursing staff, we use an indirect strategy of "priming". That is, we presented a group of participants with news about how the economic crisis was affecting healthcare personnel, in order to facilitate their cognitive accessibility, while another control group did not read any news. The participants were 66 nursing professionals from two public hospitals in the north of Spain completed various questionnaires that allowed information to be collected on the factors of interest in the study. The work experience of the participants contributes significantly to their burnout levels. The economic crisis situation helps to explain the burnout of Spanish nurses, but not their engagement levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Manzano García
- grid.119021.a0000 0001 2174 6969Department of Sciences Education, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz s/n, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Mª Pilar Montañés Muro
- grid.119021.a0000 0001 2174 6969Department of Sciences Education, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz s/n, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús López Megías
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Hospitals during economic crisis: a systematic review based on resilience system capacities framework. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:977. [PMID: 35907833 PMCID: PMC9339182 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospitals are the biggest users of the health system budgets. Policymakers are interested in improving hospital efficiency while maintaining their performance during the economic crisis. This study aims at analysing the hospitals’ policy solutions during the economic crisis using the resilience system capacities framework. Method This study is a systematic review. The search strategy was implemented on the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus databases, and Econbiz search portal. Data were extracted and analysed through the comparative table of resilience system capacities framework and the World Health Organization (WHO) health system’s six building blocks (i.e., leadership and governance, service delivery, health workforce, health systems financing, health information systems, and medicines and equipment). Findings After the screening, 78 studies across 36 countries were reviewed. The economic crisis and adopted policies had a destructive effect on hospital contribution in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The short-term absorptive capacity policies were the most frequent policies against the economic crisis. Moreover, the least frequent and most effective policies were adaptive policies. Transformative policies mainly focused on moving from hospital-based to integrated and community-based services. The strength of primary care and community-based services, types and combination of hospital financing systems, hospital performance before the crisis, hospital managers’ competencies, and regional, specialties, and ownership differences between hospitals can affect the nature and success of adopted policies. Conclusion The focus of countries on short-term policies and undermining necessary contextual factors, prioritizing efficiency over quality, and ignoring the interrelation of policies compromised hospital contribution in UHC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08316-4.
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Carmassi C, Pedrinelli V, Dell'Oste V, Bertelloni CA, Grossi C, Gesi C, Cerveri G, Dell'Osso L. PTSD and Depression in Healthcare Workers in the Italian Epicenter of the COVID-19 Outbreak. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 17:242-252. [PMID: 35173794 PMCID: PMC8728562 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence highlights the susceptibility of Healthcare Workers to develop psychopathological sequelae, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression, in the current COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, but little data have been reported in the acute phase of the pandemic. Objective: To explore Healthcare Workers’ mental health reactions in the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the first European epicenter (Lodi/Codogno, Italy), with particular attention to post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms and their interplay with other psychological outcomes. Methods: 74 Healthcare Workers employed at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Lodi (Lombardy, Italy) were recruited and assessed by means of the Impact of Event Scale- Revised, the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item, the Resilience Scale and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compared across three subgroups of the sample (No PTSD, PTSD only, PTSD and depression). Results: A total of 31% of subjects endorsed a diagnosis of PTSD and 28.4% reported PTSD comorbid with major depression. Females were more prone to develop post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Subjects with PTSD and depression groups showed high levels of PTSD, depression, burnout and impairment in functioning. Anxiety symptoms were higher in both PTSD and depression and PTSD groups rather than in the No PTSD group. Conclusion: Our results showed high rates of PTSD and depression among Healthcare Workers and their comorbidity overall being associated with worse outcomes. Current findings suggest that interventions to prevent and treat psychological implications among Healthcare Workers facing infectious outbreaks are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Grossi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Gesi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Moro MF, Calamandrei G, Poli R, Di Mattei V, Perra A, Kurotschka PK, Restrepo A, Romano F, La Torre G, Preti E, Mascayano F, Picardi A, Chiarotti F, Rapisarda V, Urban A, Alvarado R, Susser E, Carta MG. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Italy: Analyzing the Role of Individual and Workplace-Level Factors in the Reopening Phase After Lockdown. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:867080. [PMID: 35722544 PMCID: PMC9200968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.867080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Italy is one of the high-income countries hit hardest by Covid-19. During the first months of the pandemic, Italian healthcare workers were praised by media and the public for their efforts to face the emergency, although with limited knowledge and resources. However, healthcare workers soon had to face new challenges at a time when the national health system was working hard to recover. This study focuses on this difficult period to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Italian healthcare workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthcare workers from all Italian regions [n = 5,502] completed an online questionnaire during the reopening phase after the first wave lockdown. We assessed a set of individual-level factors (e.g., stigma and violence against HCWs) and a set of workplace-level factors (e.g., trust in the workplace capacity to handle COVID-19) that were especially relevant in this context. The primary outcomes assessed were score ≥15 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and score ≥4 on the General Health Questionnaire-12, indicators of clinically significant depressive symptoms and psychological distress, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed on depressive symptoms and psychological distress for each individual- and workplace-level factor adjusting for gender, age, and profession. RESULTS Clinically significant depressive symptoms were observed in 7.5% and psychological distress in 37.9% of HCWs. 30.5% of healthcare workers reported having felt stigmatized or discriminated, while 5.7% reported having experienced violence. Feeling stigmatized or discriminated and experiencing violence due to being a healthcare worker were strongly associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms [OR 2.98, 95%CI 2.36-3.77 and OR 4.72 95%CI 3.41-6.54] and psychological distress [OR 2.30, 95%CI 2.01-2.64 and OR 2.85 95%CI 2.16-3.75]. Numerous workplace-level factors, e.g., trust in the workplace capacity to handle COVID-19 [OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.92-3.07] and close contact with a co-worker who died of COVID-19 [OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.56-2.70] were also associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Similar results were found for psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the need to address discrimination and violence against healthcare professionals and improve healthcare work environments to strengthen the national health system's capacity to manage future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Moro
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Ranieri Poli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Restrepo
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Urban
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ruben Alvarado
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ezra Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork, NY, United States
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Lattari E, Pascouto AJC, Oliveira BRR, Silva LS, Oliveira AJ, Machado S, Neto GAM. Association between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Depression among Middle-income Country Adults: Evidence from National Health Survey. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:198-204. [PMID: 35173788 PMCID: PMC8728566 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and depression in adults. METHODS A total of 52,611 individuals aged between 18-59 years old were evaluated for symptoms of depression and CRF. The presence of depressive symptoms was self-report through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the CRF was predicted from a non-exercise equation. The association between CRF and the presence of depression was determined by crude and multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS The associations were identified between symptoms of depression and CRF in both unadjusted and adjusted models. After adjusting for age categories, sex, body mass index categories, educational level, marital status, smoking, and alcohol use, the individuals with moderate CRF had 18% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.82, CI 95%: 0.71 - 0.95) compared to individuals with low CRF. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms are inversely related to CRF levels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lattari
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Postgraduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences (PGCAF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Physical Activity, Health, and Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Physical; Education and Sports, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Livia Soares Silva
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Postgraduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences (PGCAF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Social Dimensions Applied to Physical Activity and Sport (LABSAFE), Department of Physical; Education and Sports, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Aldair José Oliveira
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Postgraduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences (PGCAF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Social Dimensions Applied to Physical Activity and Sport (LABSAFE), Department of Physical; Education and Sports, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados-RJ, Brazil
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Abdelhadi Ibrahim B, Mostafa M, Hussein SM. Professional quality of life among physicians of tertiary care hospitals: An Egyptian cross-sectional study. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34761668 PMCID: PMC8941313 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Professional quality of life greatly impacts wellbeing and performance of professionals working in the field of caring. The study aims at assessing the components of professional quality of life and their predictors. Design and methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 167 physicians enrolled by using stratified random sampling from tertiary care hospitals, Ismailia, Egypt. It was conducted by a structured interview questionnaire which included Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess burnout syndrome, and Professional Quality of Life version 5 (Pro QOL- 5) subscale to assess compassion fatigue and satisfaction. Results: Among participants, 78.9% had high burnout, 76% had moderate potential compassion satisfaction and 82% had moderate potential compassion fatigue. The correlation between scales of professional quality of life scores showed significant results (p<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, frequency of dealing with critical patients, and compassion fatigue score (B= -6.959, B= 3.573, B= 1.115) were significant predictors of burnout score (p<0.05). Marital status (B= 2.280, p=0.024), and burnout score (B = 0.179, p=0.000) were significant positive predictors of compassion fatigue. While compassion satisfaction score was negative predictor (B= -2.804, p=0.006). The predictors of compassion satisfaction were the marital status (B = 5.039, p=0.000), and compassion fatigue score (B = -0.254, p=0.006). Conclusions: High prevalence rates of burnout, compassion fatigue and satisfaction indicating poor professional quality of life were detected among physicians in tertiary care hospitals. Significance for public health Professional quality of life has an impact on performance of caregiver workers. Physicians in tertiary care hospitals are predisposed to different occupational stressors which affects their wellbeing and their work performance which has adverse effect on patient care and health care system. Up to date, no studies were conducted in Egypt to assess the three components of professional quality of life; burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. Our study shows that most of the participants had high burnout, moderate potential compassion fatigue, and moderate potential compassion satisfaction reflecting poor professional quality of life. So, it highlights the need for urgent implementation of interventional program to increase health-care professionals' understanding and prevention of the risk of burnout and compassion fatigue. This accompanied by conducting screening measures on a regular basis for assessing physician wellbeing, and satisfaction to improve the professional quality of life of the physicians and their job performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassma Abdelhadi Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.
| | - Mona Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.
| | - Sarah Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.
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Melemeni D, Mantzouranis K, Georgakopoulou VE, Tarantinos K, Garmpis N, Damaskos C, Sklapani P, Chlapoutakis S, Trakas N, Tsiafaki X, Papathanasiou IV. Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Staff of a Hospital in Athens: A Study in the Aftermath of the Debt Crisis Era. Acta Med Litu 2021; 28:230-239. [PMID: 35637938 PMCID: PMC9133613 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2021.28.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies investigated the mental health needs of hospital staff in Greece during the debt crisis era. Yet, no relevant data are available regarding the mental health of hospital staff after this period. The aims of this study are: 1) To investigate the prevalence of clinically significant depression and anxiety in healthcare workers in a general hospital in Athens, Greece; 2) to search for the association of quality of life with anxiety and depression in those workers; 3) to investigate the association of sociodemographic characteristics with those parameters. Methods The Zung Depression Rating Scale, the Zung Anxiety Rating Scale, the Short-Form Survey-12, assessing quality of life, and sociodemographic assessments were administrated in 110 workers of a public hospital in Athens, Greece. The assessments were completed during January, 2020. Results Of the study participants, 38.2% had clinically significant anxiety and 6.4% had clinically signifi-cant depression. Males had lower scores of depression compared to females (p=0.003). As for the effects of educational level, differences were noted in psychological quality of life between secondary education participants when compared to tertiary education (Mean Difference -3.527, p=0.021), post-graduate (Mean Difference -3.937, p=0.012) and PhD participants (Mean Difference -5.100, p=0.007). Quality of life and its psychological and physical health subscales had strong inverse associations with depression and anxiety (p=0.000). Conclusions Relevant interventions are necessary to decrease anxiety in hospital staff, which is elevated in the aftermath of the debt crisis period. In addition, health policy makers have to reduce the gender gap in mental health between male and female workers, since the latter had higher levels of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School,
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical
School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Xanthi Tsiafaki
- 1 Pulmonology Department Sismanogleio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna V. Papathanasiou
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Hellenic Open University,
Patras, Greece
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Russo G, Silva TJ, Gassasse Z, Filippon J, Rotulo A, Kondilis E. The impact of economic recessions on health workers: a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis of the evidence from the last 50 years. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36:542-551. [PMID: 33393588 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic crises carry a substantial impact on population health and health systems, but little is known on how these transmit to health workers (HWs). Addressing such a gap is timely as HWs are pivotal resources, particularly during pandemics or the ensuing recessions. Drawing from the empirical literature, we aimed to provide a framework for understanding the impact of recessions on HWs and their reactions. We use a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis approach to identify the relevant qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods evidence, and refine an a priori, theory-based conceptual framework. Eight relevant databases were searched, and four reviewers employed to independently review full texts, extract data and appraise the quality of the evidence retrieved. A total of 57 peer-reviewed publications were included, referring to six economic recessions. The 2010-15 Great Recession in Europe was the subject of most (52%) of the papers. Our consolidated framework suggests that recessions transmit to HWs through three channels: (1) an increase in the demand for services; (2) the impacts of austerity measures; and (3) changes in the health labour market. Some of the evidence appeared specific to the context of crises; demand for health services and employment increased during economic recessions in North America and Oceania, but stagnated or declined in Europe in connection with the austerity measures adopted. Burn-out, lay-offs, migration and multiple jobholding were the reactions observed in Europe, but job opportunities never dwindled for physicians during recessions in North America, with nurses re-entering labour markets during such crises. Loss of motivation, absenteeism and abuse of health systems were documented during recessions in low-income countries. Although the impacts of recessions may vary across economic events, health systems, labour markets and policy responses, our review and framework provide an evidence base for policies to mitigate the effects on HWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Russo
- Centre for Public Global Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner street, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Tiago Jesus Silva
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon
| | - Zakariah Gassasse
- Centre for Public Global Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner street, London E1 2AB, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Filippon
- Centre for Public Global Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner street, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Arianna Rotulo
- Centre for Public Global Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner street, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Elias Kondilis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Lee RS, Son Hing LS, Gnanakumaran V, Weiss SK, Lero DS, Hausdorf PA, Daneman D. INSPIRED but Tired: How Medical Faculty's Job Demands and Resources Lead to Engagement, Work-Life Conflict, and Burnout. Front Psychol 2021; 12:609639. [PMID: 33643137 PMCID: PMC7902718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Past research shows that physicians experience high ill-being (i.e., work-life conflict, stress, burnout) but also high well-being (i.e., job satisfaction, engagement). Objective To shed light on how medical faculty’s experiences of their job demands and job resources might differentially affect their ill-being and their well-being with special attention to the role that the work-life interface plays in these processes. Methods Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews from 30 medical faculty (19 women, 11 men, average tenure 13.36 years) at a top research hospital in Canada. Findings Medical faculty’s experiences of work-life conflict were severe. Faculty’s job demands had coalescing (i.e., interactive) effects on their stress, work-life conflict, and exhaustion. Although supportive job resources (e.g., coworker support) helped to mitigate the negative effects of job demands, stimulating job resources (e.g., challenging work) contributed to greater work-life conflict, stress, and exhaustion. Thus, for these medical faculty job resources play a dual-role for work-life conflict. Moreover, although faculty experienced high emotional exhaustion, they did not experience the other components of burnout (i.e., reduced self-efficacy, and depersonalization). Some faculty engaged in cognitive reappraisal strategies to mitigate their experiences of work-life conflict and its harmful consequences. Conclusion This study suggests that the precise nature and effects of job demands and job resources may be more complex than current research suggests. Hospital leadership should work to lessen unnecessary job demands, increase supportive job resources, recognize all aspects of job performance, and, given faculty’s high levels of work engagement, encourage a climate that fosters work-life balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Shelly K Weiss
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donna S Lero
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Hausdorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Denis Daneman
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cyr S, Marcil MJ, Marin MF, Tardif JC, Guay S, Guertin MC, Rosa C, Genest C, Forest J, Lavoie P, Labrosse M, Vadeboncoeur A, Selcer S, Ducharme S, Brouillette J. Factors Associated With Burnout, Post-traumatic Stress and Anxio-Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Workers 3 Months Into the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:668278. [PMID: 34305675 PMCID: PMC8295587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined how best to identify modifiable protective and risk factors for burnout in healthcare workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual, occupational, organizational and social factors were investigated. The study also assessed the impact of these factors on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Methods: Healthcare workers in the Quebec (Canada) healthcare system were recruited between May 21 to June 5, 2020. Participants answered an electronic survey 3 months after the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak began in Canada. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, we studied the prevalence of burnout, PTSD, anxiety and depression in this cohort. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models including resilience, social and organizational support, workload and access to mental health help, simulation techniques and protective personal equipment (PPE) as well as perception of PPE security were conducted for each outcome. Results: In mid-June 2020, 467 participants completed the survey. We found that half (51.8%) of the respondents experienced burnout characterized by emotional exhaustion and/or depersonalization at least once a week. In total, 158 healthcare workers (35.6%) displayed severe symptoms of at least one of the mental health disorders (24.3% PTSD, 23.3% anxiety, 10.6% depression). Resilience (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: [0.55-0.87]; p = 0.002) and perceived organizational support (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: [0.61-0.93]; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with burnout and other outcomes. Social support satisfaction, perception of PPE security, work type and environment, mental health antecedents and reassignment were associated with PTSD and/or anxiety and/or depression, but not burnout. Conclusion: Future studies should address primarily resilience and perceived organizational support to promote mental health and prevent burnout, PTSD, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cyr
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Joelle Marcil
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre D'étude sur le Trauma, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Camille Rosa
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Forest
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, ESG UQAM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Lavoie
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Labrosse
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Vadeboncoeur
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shaun Selcer
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Judith Brouillette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Serafini A, Kurotschka PK, Bertolani M, Riccomi S. An itchy erythematous papular skin rash as a possible early sign of COVID-19: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:216. [PMID: 33168054 PMCID: PMC7649709 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies suggest the possibility of a skin rash being a clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this case report is to bring attention to skin manifestations in the early stage of COVID-19 in order to support frontline physicians in their crucial activity of case identification. CASE PRESENTATION The patient is an Italian 32-year-old female nurse who had several close contacts with multiple patients with COVID-19 as part of her professional workload. On March 13, 2020, the patient developed an itchy, erythematous papular rash (sparing only her face, scalp, and abdomen), which lasted for 10 days. The rash was accompanied by a feeling of general fatigue that gradually worsened over the following days and has continued for 5 months (until the end of July 2020). During the first week of remote assessment carried out by her general practitioner, the patient gradually developed a dry cough, intermittent fever, and diarrhoea and then had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Her skin manifestations disappeared completely 48 days after the onset of the disease, followed by the disappearance of the dry cough. CONCLUSIONS In light of recent studies, this case report suggests that skin manifestations, when taken into account with other situational factors (such as profession and patient history) should be taken into proper consideration by frontline physicians as possibly being caused by SARS-CoV-2. Early identification of COVID-19 is a key part of the strategy of case detection and case isolation. To enhance this activity, further research is needed to establish frequency, symptoms, signs, and pathogenesis of skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Serafini
- Azienda USL di Modena, Via Bernardino Ramazzini 90, 41121, Modena MO, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy. .,COVID-19 Special Home Care Unit, Azienda USL di Modena, Via Bernardino Ramazzini 90, 41121, Modena MO, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy.
| | - Peter Konstantin Kurotschka
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Regional Health Trust of Sardinia Region, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariabeatrice Bertolani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Riccomi
- Azienda USL di Modena, Via Bernardino Ramazzini 90, 41121, Modena MO, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy
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13
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Öztekin A, Öztekin C. Sleep Quality and Depression in Vitiligo Patients. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.33880/ejfm.2020090105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Vitiligo is a common disorder that has not only dermatological but also psychological consequences. The aim of this study was to compare depression and sleep quality of vitiligo patients with healthy control group.
Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, patients admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases Department of Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital between August 2018 and August 2019 were compared with healthy control group. The study included 67 patients and 69 control group participants who were matched for age, sex, marriage status, and education level. The subjects were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Results: The median total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was higher in the patient group compared with the control group. The median scores for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep disturbance were also higher in the patient group compared with the control group. A family history of vitiligo was present in 18 (26.9%) patients. The most common type was acrofacial vitiligo, which was present in 29 (43.3%) patients.
Conclusions: Increased probability levels of depression and impaired sleep quality in vitiligo patients suggest that psychiatric evaluation and treatment should be provided for vitiligo patients as a part of a multidisciplinary approach in order to increase the success of the treatment.
Keywords: Vitiligo, depression, sleep quality
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynure Öztekin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University
| | - Coşkun Öztekin
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University
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14
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Elhadi M, Msherghi A, Elgzairi M, Alhashimi A, Bouhuwaish A, Biala M, Abuelmeda S, Khel S, Khaled A, Alsoufi A, Elhadi A, BenGhatnsh A. The Mental Well-Being of Frontline Physicians Working in Civil Wars Under Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Conditions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:598720. [PMID: 33542695 PMCID: PMC7852461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Emergency medical physicians are regarded as essential frontline staff in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These health-care workers are faced with significant stressors in addition to the usual stress felt in their regular work. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and burnout among emergency physicians on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Using a cross-sectional study methodology, we surveyed physicians active on April 2020 to study depression and anxiety [using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)] and burnout [using the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) scale]. Results: A total of 154 emergency physicians completed the survey. We found that about 65.6% of patients were experiencing anxiety (based on a HADS score ≥ 11), and 73.4% were displaying depressive symptoms. For burnout, three subscales indicated that 67.5% endured emotional exhaustion, and 48.1% experienced depersonalization (defined as a score of ≥10 on aMBI). A total of 21.4% of respondents perceived a sense of personal underachievement, defined as a score of <10 via aMBI. Conclusion: Physicians' psychological status is crucial and plays a major role in their well-being, affecting their work satisfaction. Therefore, implementing strategies aimed at decreasing the impact of stressful events is crucial to alleviate the distress experienced by physicians on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Msherghi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Moutaz Elgzairi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Ayiman Alhashimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Jabal Al Gharbi University, Gherian, Libya
| | | | - Marwa Biala
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Samer Khel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ala Khaled
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Alsoufi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Elhadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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15
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Volpato E, Banfi PI, Valota C, Pagnini F. Psychological Support for Health Professionals: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1816. [PMID: 30319511 PMCID: PMC6171466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The work of health care professionals (HCPs) exposes them to emotionally difficult situations, anxiety, suffering and death, so they are at risk of burnout. Objectives: To describe HCPs’ experiences of a psychological support intervention and its influence on the daily work of a sample caring for patients with neuromuscular and chronic respiratory illnesses. Methods: This exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study was carried out at the Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of IRCCS Santa Maria Nascente, in Milan, Italy. Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 10 HCPs were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results: Five related themes emerged: psychological support; repeating the experience; relationships; the role of homework; competences. HCPs perceived that the intervention influenced their daily life, giving them a secure base and a new perspective on their professional role. Conclusion: Psychological support interventions may not be appropriate for all HCPs, but they may help some HCPs to handle the demands of a stressful work life. Further studies are needed to determine its efficacy in reducing stress and prevent burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Volpato
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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