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Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH. Possible Treatment Approaches of Sulfur Mustard-Induced Lung Disorders, Experimental and Clinical Evidence, an Updated Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:791914. [PMID: 35572987 PMCID: PMC9106304 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.791914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the major potent chemical warfare that caused the death of victims in World War I and the Iraq-Iran conflict (1980-1988). The respiratory system is the main target of SM exposure and there are no definitive therapeutic modalities for SM-induced lung injury. The effects of the new pharmaceutical drugs on lung injury induced by SM exposure were summarized in this review. Literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases was performed to find papers that reported new treatment approach on SM-exposure-induced injury in the respiratory system until October 2019. The search was restricted to sulfur mustard AND induced injury (in vitro studies, animal experiments, and clinical trials) AND respiratory system OR lung, AND treatment in all fields. Two hundred and eighty-three relevant articles were identified that 97 retrieved articles were eligible and were included in the review. Some new pharmaceutical drugs have shown therapeutic potential in controlling various characteristics of lung injury due to SM exposure. Recent studies showed therapeutic effects of mucolytic drugs, non-steroidal drugs, and antibiotics on reducing lung inflammation, oxidative stress responses, and modulating of the immune system as well as improving of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests. Studies on the therapeutic effects of new agents with amelioration or treatment of SM-induced lung injury were reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rehman K, Haider K, Akash MSH. Cigarette smoking and nicotine exposure contributes for aberrant insulin signaling and cardiometabolic disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174410. [PMID: 34375672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking- and nicotine-mediated dysregulation in insulin-signaling pathways are becoming leading health issues associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many cardiometabolic disorders particularly insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), central obesity and cardiovascular diseases are initiated from exposure of exogenous substances which augment by disturbances in insulin signaling cascade. Among these exogenous substances, nicotine and cigarette smoking are potential triggers for impairment of insulin-signaling pathways. Further, this aberrant insulin signaling is associated with many metabolic complications, which consequently give rise to initiation as well as progression of these metabolic syndromes. Hence, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for cigarette smoking- and nicotine-induced altered insulin signaling pathways and subsequent participation in several health hazards are quite essential for prophylaxis and combating these complications. In this article, we have focused on the role of nicotine and cigarette smoking mediated pathological signaling; for instance, nicotine-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and oxidative damage, elevated cortisol that may promote central obesity, association PCOS and oxidative stress via diminished nitric oxide which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Pathological underlying molecular mechanisms involved in mediating these metabolic syndromes via alteration of insulin signaling cascade and possible molecular mechanism responsible for these consequences on nicotine exposure have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Haider
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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3
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Yarahmadi A, Saeed Modaghegh MH, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Azarpira N, Mousavian A, Bonakdaran S, Jarahi L, Samadi A, Peimani M, Hamidi Alamdari D. The effect of platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue dressing in combination with oral vitamin E and C for treatment of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:687-696. [PMID: 33646060 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1897100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study assesses the effects of platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue (PRP-FG) dressing along with oral vitamin E and C on wound healing and biochemical markers in patients with non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (non-healing DFU). METHODS This randomized controlled trial was performed on 25 patients with non-healing DFU. Patients were treated with PRP-FG dressing plus oral vitamin E and C (intervention group) or PRP-FG dressing plus placebo (control group) for 8 weeks. RESULTS Eight weeks after treatment, six wounds in the intervention group and two wounds in the control group were completely closed, and also wound size significantly reduced in both intervention and control groups (p < 0.05). This reduction in wound size was significantly greater in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.019). Also, a significant decrease in prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) , ESR, and hs-CRP was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that PRP-FG dressing along with oral vitamin E and C could be used to increase wound healing in patients with non-healing DFU by enhancing the wound healing process and reducing oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (CT.gov identifier: NCT04315909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yarahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mousavian
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Bonakdaran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Samadi
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meghdad Peimani
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Merkus PJ, Turner S. Vitamin C against the harmful effects of prenatal passive smoking: when all other options fail? Eur Respir J 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02770-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Lindsay KL, Buss C, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S. The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:135-149. [PMID: 30057177 PMCID: PMC6389360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports an important role for the intrauterine environment in shaping fetal development and subsequent child health and disease risk. The fetal brain is particularly plastic, whereby even subtle changes in structure and function produced by in utero conditions can have long-term implications. Based on the consideration that conditions related to energy substrate and likelihood of survival to reproductive age are particularly salient drivers of fetal programming, maternal nutrition and stress represent the most commonly, but independently, studied factors in this context. However, the effects of maternal nutrition and stress are context dependent and may be moderated by one another. Studies examining the effects of the bidirectional nutrition-stress interplay in pregnancy on fetal programming of brain development are beginning to emerge in the literature. This review incorporates all currently available animal and human studies of this interplay and provides a synthesis and critical discussion of findings. Nine of the 10 studies included here assessed nutrition-stress interactions and offspring neurodevelopmental or brain development outcomes. Despite significant heterogeneity in study design and methodology, two broad patterns of results emerge to suggest that the effects of prenatal stress on various aspects of brain development may be mitigated by 1) higher fat diets or increased intake and/or status of specific dietary fats and 2) higher dietary intake or supplementation of targeted nutrients. The limitations of these studies are discussed, and recommendations are provided for future research to expand on this important area of fetal programming of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Torshabi M, Rezaei Esfahrood Z, Jamshidi M, Mansuri Torshizi A, Sotoudeh S. Efficacy of vitamins E and C for reversing the cytotoxic effects of nicotine and cotinine. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:426-437. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials; School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Zeinab Rezaei Esfahrood
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahshid Jamshidi
- School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Samira Sotoudeh
- School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Prasad S, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L. Unhealthy smokers: scopes for prophylactic intervention and clinical treatment. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:70. [PMID: 28985714 PMCID: PMC5639581 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, tobacco use causes approximately 6 million deaths per year, and predictions report that with current trends; more than 8 million deaths are expected annually by 2030. Cigarette smokings is currently accountable for more than 480,000 deaths each year in United States (US) and is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers and if smoking continues at its current proportion among adolescents, one in every 13 Americans aged 17 years or younger is expected to die prematurely from a smoking-related illness. Even though there has been a marginal smoking decline of around 5% in recent years (2005 vs 2015), smokers still account for 15% of the US adult population. What is also concerning is that 41,000 out of 480,000 deaths results from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Herein, we provide a detailed review of health complications and major pathological mechanisms including mutation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic and plasma protein changes associated with chronic smoking. Further, we discuss prophylactic interventions and associated benefits and provide a rationale for the scope of clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Considering these premises, it is evident that much detailed translational and clinical studies are needed. Factors such as the length of smoking cessation for ex-smokers, the level of smoke exposure in case of SHS, pre-established health conditions, genetics (and epigenetics modification caused by chronic smoking) are few of the criteria that need to be evaluated to begin assessing the prophylactic and/or therapeutic impact of treatments aimed at chronic and former smokers (especially early stage ex-smokers) including those frequently subjected to second hand tobacco smoke exposure. Herein, we provide a detailed review of health complications and major pathological mechanisms including mutation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic and plasma protein changes associated with chronic smoking. Further, we discuss about prophylactic interventions and associated benefits and provide a rationale and scope for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Mohammad Abul Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Associations among prenatal stress, maternal antioxidant intakes in pregnancy, and child temperament at age 30 months. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:638-648. [PMID: 28651674 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress and prenatal nutrition each have demonstrable impact on fetal development, with implications for child neurodevelopment and behavior. However, few studies have examined their joint influences despite evidence of potential interactive effects. We examined associations among prenatal stress, prenatal antioxidant intakes, and child temperament in a sociodemographically diverse pregnancy cohort (N=137 mother-child dyads). In mid-pregnancy, mothers completed an assessment of recent negative life events as a measure of prenatal stress and an assessment of prenatal diet. When the children were 30 months of age, mothers completed the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short form, which provides scores on child Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control, and Surgency/Extraversion. Linear regressions tested associations between maternal prenatal negative life events and child temperament, and effect modification by maternal prenatal antioxidant intakes (vitamins A, C, and E, magnesium, zinc, selenium, β-carotene). Analyses revealed that increased maternal prenatal negative life events were associated with higher child Negative Affectivity (β=0.08, P=0.009) but not with child Effortful Control (β=-0.03, P=0.39) or Surgency/Extraversion (β=0.04, P=0.14). Prenatal intakes of zinc and selenium modified this effect: Maternal exposure to prenatal negative life events was associated with higher child Negative Affectivity in the presence of lower intakes of zinc and selenium. Modification effects approached significance for vitamins A and C. The results suggest that the combination of elevated stress exposures and lower antioxidant intakes in pregnancy increases the likelihood of heightened child temperamental negative affectivity. Increased antioxidant intakes during pregnancy may protect against influences of prenatal stress on child temperament.
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Leghi GE, Muhlhausler BS. The effect of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in the placenta and maternal plasma during pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 113:33-39. [PMID: 27720038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a state of heightened oxidative stress and inflammation, and these processes are further increased in pregnancy complications. The quality of the maternal diet is directly associated with maternal health and wellbeing, pregnancy and fetal outcomes, as well as the risk of pregnancy complications. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) have significant potential to modify placental and fetal lipid environments and thereby modulate health outcomes. The omega-3 (n-3) LCPUFA in particular have been shown to exhibit both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and have potential therapeutic applications in reducing oxidative damage and inflammation during pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of the impact of maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation during pregnancy, with a particular focus on effects on the mother and the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Leghi
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - B S Muhlhausler
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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10
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Ambroz A, Vlkova V, Rossner P, Rossnerova A, Svecova V, Milcova A, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J, Veleminsky M, Solansky I, Sram RJ. Impact of air pollution on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in mothers and their newborns. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:545-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Mezouar D, Merzouk H, Merzouk AS, Merzouk SA, Belarbi B, Narce M. In vitro effects of vitamins C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell function and redox status in type 1 diabetic pregnant women. Placenta 2016; 42:114-21. [PMID: 27238721 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the in vitro effects of vitamin C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell proliferation and function in type 1 diabetes. Placenta tissues were collected from 30 control healthy and 30 type 1 diabetic women at delivery. Placental cells were isolated and were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with vitamin C (50 μM), vitamin E (50 μM), n-3 PUFA (100 μM), n-6 PUFA (100 μM) or n-9 MUFA (100 μM). Cell proliferation, cell glucose uptake and intracellular oxidative status were investigated. Our results showed that basal placental cell proliferation, glucose uptake, malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins were higher while intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase activities were lower in placentas from diabetic women as compared to controls. Vitamins C and E induced a modulation of placental cell proliferation and glucose consumption without affecting intracellular redox status in both diabetic and control groups. N-3 and n-6 PUFA diminished placental cell proliferation and enhanced intracellular oxidative stress while n-9 MUFA had no effects in the two groups. Co-administration of n-3 or n-6 PUFA and vitamin C or E were capable of reversing back the PUFA-decreased cell proliferation and normalizing placental cell function and redox status especially in diabetes. In conclusion, PUFA and antioxidant vitamin combinations may be beneficial in improving placenta function and in reducing placental oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Mezouar
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Hafida Merzouk
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Amel Saidi Merzouk
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Sid Ahmed Merzouk
- Department of Technical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Boumediene Belarbi
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Mother and Infant Hospital Center, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Michel Narce
- INSERM UMR866, "Lipids Nutrition Cancer," Faculty of Life, Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon 21000, France
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Prasad S, Cucullo L. Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus on Public Health: A Cerebrovascular Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; Suppl 2. [PMID: 26770995 PMCID: PMC4710362 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.s2-e003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo TX 79106-1712, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo TX 79106-1712, USA ; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Abramovici A, Gandley RE, Clifton RG, Leveno KJ, Myatt L, Wapner RJ, Thorp JM, Mercer BM, Peaceman AM, Samuels P, Sciscione A, Harper M, Saade G, Sorokin Y. Prenatal vitamin C and E supplementation in smokers is associated with reduced placental abruption and preterm birth: a secondary analysis. BJOG 2015; 122:1740-7. [PMID: 25516497 PMCID: PMC4470874 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking and pre-eclampsia (PE) are associated with increases in preterm birth, placental abruption and low birthweight. We evaluated the relationship between prenatal vitamin C and E (C/E) supplementation and perinatal outcomes by maternal self-reported smoking status focusing on outcomes known to be impacted by maternal smoking. DESIGN/SETTING/POPULATION A secondary analysis of a multi-centre trial of vitamin C/E supplementation starting at 9-16 weeks in low-risk nulliparous women with singleton gestations. METHODS We examined the effect of vitamin C/E by smoking status at randomisation using the Breslow-Day test for interaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The trial's primary outcomes were PE and a composite outcome of pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH) with serious adverse outcomes. Perinatal outcomes included preterm birth and abruption. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics within subgroups (smokers versus nonsmokers) by vitamin supplementation status. The effect of prenatal vitamin C/E on the risk of PE (P = 0.66) or PAH composite outcome (P = 0.86) did not differ by smoking status. Vitamin C/E was protective for placental abruption in smokers (relative risk [RR] 0.09; 95% CI 0.00-0.87], but not in nonsmokers (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.52-1.62) (P = 0.01), and for preterm birth in smokers (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-0.99) but not in nonsmokers (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.90-1.17) (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION In this cohort of women, smoking was not associated with a reduction in PE or the composite outcome of PAH. Vitamin C/E supplementation appears to be associated with a reduction in placental abruption and preterm birth among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Abramovici
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John M. Thorp
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian M. Mercer
- Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | - George Saade
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Oxidative Stress in Placenta: Health and Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:293271. [PMID: 26693479 PMCID: PMC4676991 DOI: 10.1155/2015/293271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, development of the placenta is interrelated with the oxygen concentration. Embryo development takes place in a low oxygen environment until the beginning of the second trimester when large amounts of oxygen are conveyed to meet the growth requirements. High metabolism and oxidative stress are common in the placenta. Reactive oxidative species sometimes harm placental development, but they are also reported to regulate gene transcription and downstream activities such as trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial, interconnected processes in the placenta that are often influenced by oxidative stress. The proper interactions between them play an important role in placental homeostasis. However, an imbalance between the protective and destructive mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis seems to be linked with pregnancy-related disorders such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Thus, potential therapies to hold oxidative stress in leash, promote placentation, and avoid unwanted apoptosis are discussed.
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Wu F, Tian FJ, Lin Y, Xu WM. Oxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 76:258-71. [PMID: 26589876 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta is a site of active oxygen metabolism that continuously generates oxidative stress (OS). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can destroy normal placental functions. Therefore, the feto-placental unit generates abundant antioxidants to keep OS under control. Properly controlled oxidative species have been proven to serve as indispensable cellular signal messengers by regulating gene expression and downstream cellular activities. OS also plays an important immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. Oxidative disorder and immune disturbances are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. In this review, we introduce recent studies revealing basal functions and regulatory roles of placental OS in metabolism and immunity. The relationships between OS- and pregnancy-related disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Ming Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Naik P, Cucullo L. Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:25. [PMID: 26520792 PMCID: PMC4628383 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In addition to a host of well characterized diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers and cardiovascular complications, epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic smokers are at equal risk to develop neurological and neurovascular complications such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, vascular dementia and small vessel ischemic disease (SVID). Unfortunately, few direct neurotoxicology studies of tobacco smoking and its pathogenic pathways have been produced so far. A major link between TS and CNS disorders is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of the toxicological impact of TS on BBB physiology and function and major compensatory mechanisms such as nrf2- ARE signaling and anti-inflammatory pathways activated by TS. In the same context, we discuss the controversial role of antioxidant supplementation as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic approach in delaying or decreasing the disease complications in smokers. Further, we cover a number of toxicological studies associated with "reduced exposure" cigarette products including electronic cigarettes. Finally, we provide insights on possible avenues for future research including mechanistic studies using direct inhalation rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Song G, Nesil T, Cao J, Yang Z, Chang SL, Li MD. Nicotine mediates expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress response in HIV-1 transgenic rat brain. J Neurovirol 2015; 22:114-24. [PMID: 26306689 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of HIV-1 infection. Nicotine can either protect neurons from neurodegeneration or induce oxidative stress, depending on its dose and degree of oxidative stress impairment. However, the relationship between nicotine and oxidative stress in the HIV-1-infected individuals remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on expression of genes related to the glutathione (GSH)-centered antioxidant system and oxidative stress in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) and F344 control rats. Adult HIV-1Tg and F344 rats received nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, base, s.c.) or saline injections once per day for 27 days. At the end of treatment, various brain regions including the NAc and VTA were collected from each rat. Following total RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis of each sample, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis was performed for 43 oxidative-stress-related genes. Compared with F344 control rats, HIV-1Tg rats showed a significant downregulation of genes involved in ATPase and cyctochrome oxidase at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in both regions. Further, we found a significant downregulation of Gstm5 in the NAc and upregulation of Cox1, Cox3, and Gsta6 in the VTA of HIV-1Tg rats. HIV-1Tg rats showed brain-region-specific responses to chronic nicotine treatment. This response resulted in a change in the expression of genes involved in antioxidant mechanisms including the downregulation of genes such as Atp5h, Calml1, Gpx7, Gstm5, Gsr, and Gsta6 and upregulation of Sod1 in the NAc, as well as downregulation of genes like Cox5a, Gpx4, Gpx6, Gpx7, Gstm5, and Sod1 in the VTA of HIV-1Tg rats. Together, we conclude that chronic nicotine treatment has a dual effect on the antioxidant defense system and oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis signaling in HIV-1Tg rats. These findings suggest that nicotine has a negative effect on response to oxidative stress and antioxidant processes in HIV-1 Tg rat brain, especially in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Song
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, 450 Ray C Hunt Drive, Suite G-170, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Animal Model of Human Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tanseli Nesil
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, 450 Ray C Hunt Drive, Suite G-170, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Junran Cao
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, 450 Ray C Hunt Drive, Suite G-170, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Zhongli Yang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Ming D Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, 450 Ray C Hunt Drive, Suite G-170, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Rua EDAO, Porto ML, Ramos JPL, Nogueira BV, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Pereira TC. Effects of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on oxidative stress in the umbilical cord and mononuclear blood cells of neonates. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:105. [PMID: 25547987 PMCID: PMC4302517 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cigarette smoke is known to be a complex mixture of over 4000 substances that can lead to damage through active or passive smoking, its mechanisms and biochemical consequences in pregnancy and neonates are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, we propose to study the impact of smoking during gestation on the viability of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from umbilical cords of newborns to assess the degree of oxidative stress and cell viability. After childbirth, the cord blood and the umbilical cord were immediately collected in public hospitals in Greater Vitoria, ES, Brazil. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cord blood followed by biochemical and histological tests to analyze possible changes in the umbilical cord. Results Pregnant smokers had a reduction of MNC viability from the umbilical cord (10%), an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in cell apoptosis (~2-fold) compared to pregnant non-smokers. In the umbilical cord, it was observed an increase of advanced oxidation protein products - AOPP (~2.5-fold) and a loss of the typical architecture and disposition of endothelial cells from the umbilical artery. Conclusions These data suggest that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy (even in small amounts) may compromise the viability of MNC cells and damage the umbilical cord structure, possibly by excessive ROS bioavailability.
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Abramovici A, Gandley RE, Clifton RG, Leveno KJ, Myatt L, Wapner RJ, Thorp JM, Mercer BM, Peaceman AM, Samuels P, Sciscione A, Harper M, Saade G, Sorokin Y. Prenatal vitamin C and E supplementation in smokers is associated with reduced placental abruption and preterm birth: a secondary analysis. BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 25516497 DOI: 10.1111/1471‐0528.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking and pre-eclampsia (PE) are associated with increases in preterm birth, placental abruption and low birthweight. We evaluated the relationship between prenatal vitamin C and E (C/E) supplementation and perinatal outcomes by maternal self-reported smoking status focusing on outcomes known to be impacted by maternal smoking. DESIGN/SETTING/POPULATION A secondary analysis of a multi-centre trial of vitamin C/E supplementation starting at 9-16 weeks in low-risk nulliparous women with singleton gestations. METHODS We examined the effect of vitamin C/E by smoking status at randomisation using the Breslow-Day test for interaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The trial's primary outcomes were PE and a composite outcome of pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH) with serious adverse outcomes. Perinatal outcomes included preterm birth and abruption. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics within subgroups (smokers versus nonsmokers) by vitamin supplementation status. The effect of prenatal vitamin C/E on the risk of PE (P = 0.66) or PAH composite outcome (P = 0.86) did not differ by smoking status. Vitamin C/E was protective for placental abruption in smokers (relative risk [RR] 0.09; 95% CI 0.00-0.87], but not in nonsmokers (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.52-1.62) (P = 0.01), and for preterm birth in smokers (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-0.99) but not in nonsmokers (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.90-1.17) (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION In this cohort of women, smoking was not associated with a reduction in PE or the composite outcome of PAH. Vitamin C/E supplementation appears to be associated with a reduction in placental abruption and preterm birth among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R E Gandley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R G Clifton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K J Leveno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R J Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Mercer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A M Peaceman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Samuels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Sciscione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Harper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - G Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Y Sorokin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Taghizadeh M, Samimi M, Kolahdooz F, Tabassi Z, Jamilian M, Asemi Z. Effect of multivitamin versus multivitamin-mineral supplementation on metabolic profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:1336-1342. [PMID: 25115164 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.954241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the favorable effects of received multivitamin versus multivitamin-mineral supplements on metabolic profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress among Iranian pregnant women. METHODS This double-blind randomized-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 70 pregnant women, primigravida, aged 18-35 years old between 16 and 37 weeks gestation. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin (n = 35) or multivitamin-mineral supplements (n = 35) for 20 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after a 20-week intervention to measure lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS After 20 weeks of intervention, multivitamin-mineral supplementation resulted in a significant difference on serum triglycerides levels (changes from baseline in multivitamin-mineral group: +6.1 versus in multivitamin group: +45.9 mg/dl, p = 0.04) compared with the multivitamin group. In addition, increased concentrations of serum HDL-cholesterol (changes from baseline in multivitamin-mineral group: +0.1 versus in multivitamin group: -7.4 mg/dl, p = 0.02) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (changes from baseline in multivitamin-mineral group: +151.09 versus in multivitamin group: -116.21 µmol/l, p = 0.003) were also seen in the multivitamin-mineral group compared with the multivitamin group. CONCLUSION Supplementation of multivitamin-mineral compared to multivitamin supplementation for 20 weeks during pregnancy had beneficial effects on triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , I.R. Iran
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , I.R. Iran
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- c Aboriginal and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada , and
| | - Zohreh Tabassi
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , I.R. Iran
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- d Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , I.R. Iran
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Brunst KJ, Wright RO, DiGioia K, Enlow MB, Fernandez H, Wright RJ, Kannan S. Racial/ethnic and sociodemographic factors associated with micronutrient intakes and inadequacies among pregnant women in an urban US population. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1960-70. [PMID: 24476840 PMCID: PMC4071127 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess sociodemographic correlates of micronutrient intakes from food and dietary supplements in an urban, ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women in the USA. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of data collected using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Associations between racial, ethnic and sociodemographic factors and micronutrient intakes were examined using logistic regression controlling for pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age and smoking status. SETTING Prenatal clinics, Boston, MA, USA. SUBJECTS Analyses included pregnant women (n 274) in the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study, an urban longitudinal cohort designed to examine how stress influences respiratory health in children when controlling for other environmental exposures (chemical stressors, nutrition). RESULTS High frequencies of vitamin E (52 %), Mg (38 %), Fe (57 %) and vitamin D (77 %) inadequacies as well as suboptimal intakes of choline (95 %) and K (99 %) were observed. Factors associated with multiple antioxidant inadequacies included being Hispanic or African American, lower education and self-reported economic-related food insecurity. Hispanics had a higher prevalence of multiple methyl-nutrient inadequacies compared with African Americans; both had suboptimal betaine intakes and higher odds for vitamin B₆ and Fe inadequacies compared with Caucasians. Nearly all women (98 %) reported Na intakes above the tolerable upper limit; excessive intakes of Mg (35 %), folate (37 %) and niacin (38 %) were also observed. Women reporting excessive intakes of these nutrients were more likely Caucasian or Hispanic, more highly educated, US-born and did not report food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic and other sociodemographic factors should be considered when tailoring periconceptional dietary interventions for urban ethnic women in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Brunst
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly DiGioia
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harriet Fernandez
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Srimathi Kannan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition College of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
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Salucci S, Ambrogini P, Lattanzi D, Betti M, Gobbi P, Galati C, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. Maternal dietary loads of alpha-tocopherol increase synapse density and glial synaptic coverage in the hippocampus of adult offspring. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2355. [PMID: 24998923 PMCID: PMC4083323 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased intake of the antioxidant α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) is recommended in complicated pregnancies, to prevent free radical damage to mother and fetus. However, the anti-PKC and antimitotic activity of α-Tocopherol raises concerns about its potential effects on brain development. Recently, we found that maternal dietary loads of α-Tocopherol through pregnancy and lactation cause developmental deficit in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rat offspring. The defect persisted into adulthood, with behavioral alterations in hippocampus-dependent learning. Here, using the same rat model of maternal supplementation, ultrastructural morphometric studies were carried out to provide mechanistic interpretation to such a functional impairment in adult offspring by the occurrence of long-term changes in density and morphological features of hippocampal synapses. Higher density of axo-spinous synapses was found in CA1 stratum radiatum of α-Tocopherol-exposed rats compared to controls, pointing to a reduced synapse pruning. No morphometric changes were found in synaptic ultrastructural features, i.e., perimeter of axon terminals, length of synaptic specializations, extension of bouton-spine contact. Glia-synapse anatomical relationship was also affected. Heavier astrocytic coverage of synapses was observed in Tocopherol-treated offspring, notably surrounding axon terminals; moreover, the percentage of synapses contacted by astrocytic endfeet at bouton-spine interface (tripartite synapses) was increased. These findings indicate that gestational and neonatal exposure to supranutritional tocopherol intake can result in anatomical changes of offspring hippocampus that last through adulthood. These include a surplus of axo-spinous synapses and an aberrant glia-synapse relationship, which may represent the morphological signature of previously described alterations in synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning.
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Ascorbic Acid ameliorates nicotine exposure induced impaired spatial memory performances in rats. W INDIAN MED J 2014; 63:318-24. [PMID: 25429474 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long lasting behavioural and cognitive impairments in offspring prenatally exposed to nicotine have been confirmed in animal models. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ascorbic acid on prenatal nicotine exposure induced behavioral deficits in male offspring of rats. METHODS The pregnant Wistar dams were divided into four groups of six rats: control, vehicle control, nicotine and nicotine+ascorbic acid groups. The nicotine group received daily dose of subcutaneous injections of 0.96 mg/kg body weight (bw) nicotine free base throughout gestation. Pregnant dams in nicotine+ascorbic acid group were first given nicotine free base (0.96 mg/kg bw/day; subcutaneous route) followed by ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg bw/day, orally) daily throughout gestation. The cognitive function of male offspring of all the experimental groups was studied using Morris water maze test at postnatal day 40. RESULTS Prenatal nicotine exposure altered spatial learning and memory in male offspring. However, treatment with ascorbic acid ameliorated these changes in rats. CONCLUSION Ascorbic acid supplementation was found to be effective in preventing the prenatal nicotine exposure induced cognitive deficits in rat offspring to some extent.
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Araújo JR, Pereira AC, Correia-Branco A, Keating E, Martel F. Oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide interferes with the placental transport of glucose: in vitro studies with BeWo cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Araújo JR, Correia-Branco A, Pereira AC, Pinho MJ, Keating E, Martel F. Oxidative stress decreases uptake of neutral amino acids in a human placental cell line (BeWo cells). Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:76-81. [PMID: 23806338 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathophysiology of several pregnancy disorders. We aimed to investigate the effect of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced OS upon the placental transport of the neutral amino acids L-methionine (L-Met) and L-alanine (L-Ala), by using a human trophoblast cell model (BeWo cells). TBHP reduced both total and Na(+)-independent (14)C-L-Met intracellular steady-state accumulation over time (Amax), by reducing non-system L-mediated uptake - most probably system y(+) - while having no effect on system L. Moreover, TBHP reduced total (14)C-L-Ala Amax through an inhibition of system A. The effect of TBHP upon total, but not system A-mediated, (14)C-L-Ala uptake was dependent upon phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and was completely prevented by the polyphenol quercetin. In conclusion, a reduction in placental uptake of neutral amino acids may contribute to the deleterious effects of pregnancy disorders associated with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Asemi Z, Samimi M, Tabassi Z, Sabihi SS, Esmaillzadeh A. A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of DASH diet on insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes. Nutrition 2013; 29:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bruin JE, Woynillowicz AK, Hettinga BP, Tarnopolsky MA, Morrison KM, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. Maternal antioxidants prevent β-cell apoptosis and promote formation of dual hormone-expressing endocrine cells in male offspring following fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure. J Diabetes 2012; 4:297-306. [PMID: 22385833 PMCID: PMC3620564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure causes β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in neonates, leading to adult-onset dysglycemia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether an antioxidant intervention could prevent nicotine-induced β-cell loss. METHODS Nulliparous female Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of either saline or nicotine bitartrate (1.0 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks prior to mating until weaning. Nicotine-exposed dams received either normal chow or diet containing antioxidants (1000 IU/kg vitamin E, 0.25% w/w coenzyme Q10, and 0.1% w/w α-lipoic acid) during mating, pregnancy, and lactation; saline-exposed dams received normal chow. Pancreatic tissue was collected from male offspring at 3 weeks of age to measure β-cell fraction, apoptosis, proliferation, and the presence of cells coexpressing insulin and glucagon. RESULTS The birth weight of offspring born to nicotine-exposed dams was significantly reduced in those receiving dietary antioxidants compared with those fed normal chow. Most interestingly, the antioxidant intervention to nicotine-exposed dams prevented the β-cell loss and apoptosis observed in nicotine-exposed male offspring whose mothers did not receive antioxidants. Male pups born to nicotine-treated mothers receiving antioxidants also had a tendency for increased β-cell proliferation and a significant increase in islets containing insulin/glucagon bihormonal cells compared with the other two treatment groups. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that exposure to maternal antioxidants protects developing β-cells from the damaging effects of nicotine, thus preserving β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Woynillowicz AK, Raha S, Nicholson CJ, Holloway AC. The effect of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies on pancreatic beta cell function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:122-7. [PMID: 22960054 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of our study was to evaluate whether drugs currently used for smoking cessation (i.e., nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline [a partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR)] and bupropion [which acts in part as a nAChR antagonist]) can affect beta cell function and determine the mechanism(s) of this effect. INS-1E cells, a rat beta cell line, were treated with nicotine, varenicline and bupropion to determine their effects on beta cell function, mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activity and cellular/oxidative stress. Treatment of INS-1E cells with equimolar concentrations (1μM) of three test compounds resulted in an ablation of normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by the cells. This disruption of normal beta cell function was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction since all three compounds tested significantly decreased the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activity. These results raise the possibility that the currently available smoking cessation pharmacotherapies may also have adverse effects on beta cell function and thus glycemic control in vivo. Therefore whether or not the use of nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion can cause endocrine changes which are consistent with impaired pancreatic function warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Woynillowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5.
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Anabolic Actions of the Regenerative Agent Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) in Oral Periosteal Fibroblasts and MG 63 Osteoblasts, Modulation by Nicotine and Glutathione in a Redox Environment. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:143-62. [PMID: 24956521 PMCID: PMC4031020 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study seeks to explore anabolic effects of a periodontal regenerative agent enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Its modulation by nicotine and the anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH) are investigated in human periosteal fibroblasts (HPF) and MG63 osteoblasts. Androgen biomarkers of oxidative stress and healing, resulting from radiolabeled androgen substrates are assayed. This in vitro model simulates a redox environment relevant to the periodontal lesion. It aims to confirm the hypothesis that EMD is an effective regenerative agent in a typically redox environment of the periodontal lesion. Monolayer cultures of MG63 osteoblasts and HPF established in culture medium are incubated with androgen substrates, and optimal concentrations of EMD, nicotine and GSH, alone and in combination. EMD significantly enhances yields of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) an effective bioactive metabolite, alone and in combination with GSH, to overcome oxidative effects of nicotine across cultures. The ‘in vitro’ findings of this study could be extrapolated to “in vivo” applications of EMD as an adjunctive regenerative therapeutic agent in an environment of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Increased yields of DHT implicated in matrix synthesis and direct antioxidant capacity, confirm the potential applications for enamel matrix derivative in periodontal regenerative procedures.
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Asemi Z, Jazayeri S, Najafi M, Samimi M, Mofid V, Shidfar F, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of Daily Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60:62-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000335468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ambrogini P, Ciuffoli S, Lattanzi D, Minelli A, Bucherelli C, Baldi E, Betti M, Cuppini R. Maternal dietary loads of α-tocopherol differentially influence fear conditioning and spatial learning in adult offspring. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:809-15. [PMID: 21839761 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol, the main component of vitamin E, is well known to be a radical scavenger, so an increased intake of vitamin E is recommended in complicated pregnancy, to prevent possible fetus damage by free radical. In a previous work, we found that maternal α-tocopherol supplementation affects PKC-mediated cellular signaling and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in developing brain; the latter effect persists in adulthood. Here, adult rats maternally exposed to supranutritional doses of α-tocopherol were evaluated for Contextual Fear Conditioning and spatial learning in Morris Water Maze, two different hippocampus-dependent learning tasks. Moreover, anxiety, spontaneous activity, and explorative drive were also evaluated as factors potentially affecting learning performance. Treated rats showed a different behavior with respect to controls: performance in Contextual Fear Conditioning was improved, while spatial learning tested in Morris Water Maze, was impaired. The improvement of fear response was not ascribable to differences in anxiety level and/or spontaneous activity; thus it appears to be a specific effect of α-tocopherol overloading during brain development. On the contrary, the impaired performance in Morris Water Maze exhibited by treated rats can be in part explained by their enhanced explorative drive. Although extrapolation from rats to humans is difficult, a caveat in assuming supranutritional doses of vitamin E in pregnancy arises from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Italy.
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Jia C, Chen X, Li X, Li M, Miao C, Sun B, Fan Z, Ren L. The effect of DHEA treatment on the oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis induced by Keshan disease pathogenic factors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:154-9. [PMID: 21602037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by the combined deficiencies of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) is considered the basic factor of Keshan disease (KD). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring adrenal androgen that has antioxidant properties. We found that a Se- and VE-deficient diet induced KD lesions in rats, while 0.05, 0.125, and 0.25 g/kg DHEA caused a concentration-dependent inhibition in the development of oxidative stress and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the left ventricles of the Se- and VE-deficient rats. In addition, DHEA counteracted activation of NFκB as well as the subsequent increase in TGFβ-1 and CTGF induced by the Se- and VE-deficient diet. These studies suggested that DHEA prevents oxidative stress and might be useful in treating Se and VE deficiency-related KD. These effects were based on its antioxidant effects and ECM deposition inhibition in left ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshu Jia
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
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Mazzone P, Tierney W, Hossain M, Puvenna V, Janigro D, Cucullo L. Pathophysiological impact of cigarette smoke exposure on the cerebrovascular system with a focus on the blood-brain barrier: expanding the awareness of smoking toxicity in an underappreciated area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:4111-26. [PMID: 21317997 PMCID: PMC3037043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that active and passive cigarette smoking are associated, in a dose-dependent manner, with dysfunction of normal endothelial physiology. Tobacco smoke (TS) may predispose individuals to atherogenic and thrombotic problems, significantly increasing the risk for ischemic manifestations such as acute coronary syndrome and stroke. Despite the strong evidence for an association between smoking and vascular impairment, the impact of TS exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has only been marginally addressed. This is a major problem given that the BBB is crucial in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Recent data have also shown that chronic smokers have a higher incidence of small vessel ischemic disease (SVID), a pathological condition characterized by leaky brain microvessels and loss of BBB integrity. In the brain TS increases the risk of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and stroke owing to the pro-coagulant and atherogenic effects of smoking. In this article we provide a detailed review and analysis of current knowledge of the pathophysiology of tobacco smoke toxicity at the cerebrovascular levels. We also discuss the potential toxicity of recently marketed “potential-reduced exposure products”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mazzone
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, E 100 St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; E-Mail: (P.M.)
| | - William Tierney
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; E-Mail: (W.T.)
| | - Mohammed Hossain
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195 USA; E-Mails: (M.H.); (D.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Vikram Puvenna
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195 USA; E-Mails: (M.H.); (D.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Damir Janigro
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195 USA; E-Mails: (M.H.); (D.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, E 100 St, Cleveland, OH 441065, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195 USA; E-Mails: (M.H.); (D.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-0562; Fax: +1-216-445-1466
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