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De Nys S, Turkalj M, Duca RC, Covaci A, Elskens M, Godderis L, Vanoirbeek J, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Level of BPA contamination in resin composites determines BPA release. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1025-1030. [PMID: 38755042 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resin composites may release bisphenol A (BPA) due to impurities present in the monomers. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the leaching characteristics of BPA from resin composites. Therefore, experimental resin composites were prepared with known amounts of BPA. The objective of this study was (1) to determine which amount of BPA initially present in the material leaches out in the short term and, (2) how this release is influenced by the resin composition. METHODS BPA (0, 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 wt%) was added to experimental resin composites containing 60 mol% BisGMA, BisEMA(3), or UDMA, respectively, as base monomer and 40 mol% TEGDMA as diluent monomer. Polymerized samples (n = 5) were immersed at 37 °C for 7 days in 1 mL of water, which was collected and refreshed daily. BPA release was quantified with UPLC-MS/MS after derivatization with pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride. RESULTS Between 0.47 to 0.67 mol% of the originally added BPA eluted from the resin composites after 7 days. Similar elution trends were observed irrespective of the base monomer. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of the base monomer on BPA release, but the differences were small and not consistent. SIGNIFICANCE The released amount of BPA was directly proportional to the quantity of BPA present in the resin composite as an impurity. BPA release was mainly diffusion-based, while polymer composition seemed to play a minor role. Our results underscore the importance for manufacturers only to use monomers of the highest purity in dental resin composites to avoid unnecessary BPA exposure in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marko Turkalj
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Laboratory of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium.
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Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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3
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Dantagnan CA, Babajko S, Nassif A, Houari S, Jedeon K, François P, Dursun E, Attal JP, Bosco J. Analysis of Resin-Based Dental Materials' Composition Depending on Their Clinical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1022. [PMID: 38674942 PMCID: PMC11053636 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detail the monomer composition of resin-based dental materials sold in the market in 2023 and to evaluate the proportion of bisphenol A (BPA)-derivatives in relation to their applications. A search on manufacturers' websites was performed to reference resin-based dental materials currently on the European market (including the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK). Their monomer composition was determined using material-safety data sheets and was completed by a search on the PubMed database. Among the 543 material compositions exploitable, 382 (70.3%) contained BPA derivatives. Among them, 56.2% contained BisGMA and 28% BisEMA, the most frequently reported. A total of 59 monomers, of which six were BPA derivatives, were found. In total, 309 materials (56.9%) contained UDMA and 292 (53.8%) TEGDMA. Less than one third of materials identified contained no BPA derivatives. These proportions vary a lot depending on their applications, with materials dedicated to the dental care of young populations containing the highest proportions of BPA-derivative monomers. The long-term effects on human health of the different monomers identified including BPA-derivative monomers is a source of concern. For children and pregnant or lactating women arises the question of whether to take a precautionary principle and avoid the use of resin-based dental materials likely to release BPA by opting for alternative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Adeline Dantagnan
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Ali Nassif
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Sophia Houari
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
- Rothschild Hospital, 5 rue Santerre, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe François
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Bretonneau Hospital, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Henri Mondor Hospital, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Charles Foix Hospital, 7 Avenue de la République, 94200 Ivry sur Seine, France
| | - Julia Bosco
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
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Ni M, Deepika D, Li X, Xiong W, Zhang L, Chen J, Kumar V. IVIVE-PBPK based new approach methodology for addressing early life toxicity induced by Bisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117343. [PMID: 37858691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor mimicking natural estrogens with the potential to affect human health, especially during prenatal and postnatal exposure at or below current acceptable daily intake levels. Different adverse effects of BPA are still under investigation, and multiple mechanisms of action remain unexplored. This may be one of the reasons for the continuously changing tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BPA with the emergence of new adverse health effects over time. In addition, translational modelling through in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) can act as prerequisite bridge for translating in-vitro finding into human risk assessment. The objective of this study was to conduct in-vitro experiments and utilize an IVIVE-pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic (P-PBPK) modeling to investigate developmental neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity in humans. The data obtained from human embryonic stem cells-based assays (study conducted between October 2020-2021) were used for the IVIVE-P-PBPK models to obtain the human equivalent doses (HEDs) which were further extrapolated to reference doses (RfDs). The results showed that simulated mean RfDs (μg/kg/day) derived from the HSD3B1 and NFATC2 gene of embryotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity tests, respectively, were 4.94 and 5.18. The simulated RfDs were close to the temporary-tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) recommended by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2015 (t-TDI: 4 μg/kg·bw) and higher than the TDI of 2023 (0.2 ng/kg·bw). In conclusion, in-vitro toxicogenomics dose-response data combined with PBPK modeling can become a promising alternative new approach methodology (NAM) to support decision-making in chemical risk assessment. Based on the simulated RfDs derived from this NAM, the t-TDI set by EFSA in 2015 may be considered a safe exposure limit for mothers and fetuses at the current BPA intake levels in Chinese mothers. This study provided an animal-free new strategy for NAMs based risk assessment by combining toxicogenomics and computational toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Ni
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Chladek G, Barszczewska-Rybarek I, Chrószcz-Porębska M, Mertas A. The effect of quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles on bacterial adherence, cytotoxicity, and physical and mechanical properties of experimental dental composites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17497. [PMID: 37840040 PMCID: PMC10577145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant problem related to the functioning of resin-based composites for dental fillings is secondary or recurrent caries, which is the reason for the need for repeated treatment. The cross-linked quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles (QA-PEI-NPs) have been shown to be a promising antibacterial agent against different bacteria, including cariogenic ones. However, little is known about the properties of dental dimethacrylate polymer-based composites enriched with QA-PEI-NPs. This research was carried out on experimental composites based on bis-GMA/UDMA/TEGDMA matrix enriched with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 (wt%) QA-PEI-NPs and reinforced with two glass fillers. The cured composites were tested for their adherence of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria, cell viability (MTT assay) with 48 h and 10-days extracts , degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WSO), and solubility (WSL), water contact angle (CA), flexural modulus (E), flexural strength (FS), compressive strength (CS), and Vickers microhardness (HV). The investigated materials have shown a complete reduction in bacteria adherence and satisfactory biocompatibility. The QA-PEI-NPs additive has no effect on the DC, VH, and E values. QA-PEI-NPs increased the CA (a favorable change), the WSO and WSL (unfavorable changes) and decreased flexural strength, and compressive strength (unfavorable changes). The changes mentioned were insignificant and acceptable for most composites, excluding the highest antibacterial filler content. Probably the reason for the deterioration of some properties was low compatibility between filler particles and the matrix; therefore, it is worth extending the research by surface modification of QA-PEI-NPs to achieve the optimum performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chladek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Izabela Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 M. Strzody Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marta Chrószcz-Porębska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 M. Strzody Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
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6
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Chrószcz-Porębska MW, Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Kazek-Kęsik A, Ślęzak-Prochazka I. Cytotoxicity and Microbiological Properties of Copolymers Comprising Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates with Bisphenol A Glycerolate Dimethacrylate and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103855. [PMID: 37241482 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using dental composite restorative materials with a copolymeric matrix chemically modified towards bioactive properties can help fight secondary caries. In this study, copolymers of 40 wt.% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate, 40 wt.% quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylates (QAUDMA-m, where m represents 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms in the N-alkyl substituent), and 20 wt.% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (BG:QAm:TEGs) were tested for (i) cytotoxicity on the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line; (ii) fungal adhesion, fungal growth inhibition zone, and fungicidal activity against C. albicans; and (iii) bactericidal activity against S. aureus and E. coli. BG:QAm:TEGs had no cytotoxic effects on L929 mouse fibroblasts because the reduction of cell viability was less than 30% compared to the control. BG:QAm:TEGs also showed antifungal activity. The number of fungal colonies on their surfaces depended on the water contact angle (WCA). The higher the WCA, the greater the scale of fungal adhesion. The fungal growth inhibition zone depended on the concentration of QA groups (xQA). The lower the xQA, the lower the inhibition zone. In addition, 25 mg/mL BG:QAm:TEGs suspensions in culture media showed fungicidal and bactericidal effects. In conclusion, BG:QAm:TEGs can be recognized as antimicrobial biomaterials with negligible biological patient risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W Chrószcz-Porębska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela M Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabella Ślęzak-Prochazka
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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7
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Liu K, Kadannagari S, Deruiter J, Pathak S, Abbott KL, Salamat JM, Pondugula SR, Akingbemi BT, Dhanasekaran M. Effects of developmental exposures to Bisphenol-A and Bisphenol-S on hepatocellular function in male Long-Evans rats. Life Sci 2023; 326:121752. [PMID: 37172818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-S (BPS) is a current substitute for Bisphenol-A (BPA) in various commercial products (paper, plastics, protective can-coatings, etc.) used by all age groups globally. The current literature indicates that a drastic surge in pro-oxidants, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in combination with diminished mitochondrial activity can potentially decrease hepatic function leading to morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there are increasing public health concerns that substantial Bisphenol-mediated effects may impact hepatocellular functions, particularly in newborns exposed to BPA and BPS postnatally. However, the acute postnatal impact of BPA and BPS and the molecular mechanisms affecting hepatocellular functions are unknown. Therefore, the current study investigated the acute postnatal effect of BPA and BPS on the biomarkers of hepatocellular functions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial activity in male Long-Evans rats. BPA and BPS (5 and 20 microgram/Liter (μg/L) of drinking water) were administered to 21-day-old male rats for 14 days. BPS had no significant effect on apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function but significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (51-60 %, **p < 0.01) and nitrite content (36 %, *p < 0.05), exhibiting hepatoprotective effects. As expected, based on the current scientific literature, BPA induced significant hepatoxicity, as seen by significant glutathione depletion (50 %, *p < 0.05). The in-silico analysis indicated that BPS is effectively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract without crossing the blood-brain barrier (whereas BPA crosses the blood-brain barrier) and is not a substrate of p-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 enzymes. Thus, the current in-silico and in vivo findings revealed that acute postnatal exposure to BPS had no significant hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Surekha Kadannagari
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Benson T Akingbemi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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8
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Della Rocca Y, Traini EM, Diomede F, Fonticoli L, Trubiani O, Paganelli A, Pizzicannella J, Marconi GD. Current Evidence on Bisphenol A Exposure and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Related Pathological Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030908. [PMID: 36986769 PMCID: PMC10053246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of different morbid conditions: immune-mediated disorders, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanism of action of bisphenol A, with a special focus on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and adipogenesis. Its uses will be assessed in various fields: dental, orthopedic, and industrial. The different pathological or physiological conditions altered by BPA and the related molecular pathways will be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteo Traini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Paganelli
- PhD Course in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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9
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Ozkan A, Çakır DA, Tezel H, Sanajou S, Yirun A, Baydar T, Erkekoglu P. Dental Implants and Implant Coatings: A Focus on Their Toxicity and Safety. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:31-48. [PMID: 36749088 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are medical devices that are surgically inserted into the patient's jawbone by an orthodontist to act as roots of missing teeth. After the implantation, the maxilla or mandible integrates with the surface of the dental implant. This process, called "osseointegration," is an important period to ensure the long-term use of dental implants and prevent implant failures. Metal implants are the most used implant materials. However, they have disadvantages such as corrosion, metal ion release from metal implant surfaces and associated toxicity. To avoid these adverse effects and improve osseointegration, alternative dental implant materials such as ceramics, polymers, composites, and novel surface modification technologies have been developed. The safety of these materials are also of concern for toxicologists. This review will give general information about dental implant materials, osseointegration and successful implantation process. Moreover, we will focus on the new surface coatings materials for of dental implants and their toxicity and safety concerns will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Ozkan
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arca Çakır
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Department of Vaccinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hülya Tezel
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia Sanajou
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anil Yirun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Çukurova University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Department of Vaccinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodrigues RAA, Silva RMFDCE, Ferreira LDAQ, Branco NTT, Ávila ÉDS, Peres AM, Fernandes-Braga W, Sette-Dias AC, Andrade ÂL, Palma-Dibb RG, Magalhães CSD, Ladeira LO, Silveira RRD, Moreira AN, Martins Júnior PA, Yamauti M, Diniz IMA. Enhanced mechanical properties, anti-biofilm activity, and cytocompatibility of a methacrylate-based polymer loaded with native multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105511. [PMID: 36252425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to optimize the mechanical and biological properties of a conventional methacrylate-based dental polymer by loading it with double- and triple-walled carbon nanotubes as growth (DTWCNTG). METHODS A formulation of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (mass ratio = 2:1) was mixed with DTWCNTG at concentrations of 0.0% (control), 0.001%, 0.005%, and 0.010%. The concentrations were physicochemical and morphologically evaluated, and antibacterial activity was assessed by seeding a Streptococcus mutans strain (ATCC 25175) on the experimental polymeric surfaces. Cellular survival and osteodifferentiation were evaluated in epithelial (HaCat) and preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1). RESULTS The 0.001% DTWCNTG concentration yielded higher compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, water sorption, and solubility than the control. The degree of conversion and color did not significantly change with a low amount of DTWCNTG incorporated into the polymer. Antibacterial activity significantly improved when tested on the 0.001% DTWCNTG discs. No groups showed cytotoxicity in a short-term analysis and adding DTWCNTG favored MC3T3-E1 mineralization over the control, particularly in the 0.001% formulation. SIGNIFICANCE The micro-addition of 0.001% DTWCNTG confers mechanical resistance, antimicrobial properties, and bioactivity to methacrylate-based polymers without significantly compromising color. Incorporating DTWCNTG improved dental composite properties and could be a biomodified material for minimally invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Antonio Alpino Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natália Tavares Teixeira Branco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érick de Souza Ávila
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson Maia Peres
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Augusto César Sette-Dias
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Newton Paiva, Av. Silva Lobo, 1730, 30431-259, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ângela Leão Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Rua Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Silami de Magalhães
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Orlando Ladeira
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Richard da Silveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allyson Nogueira Moreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antônio Martins Júnior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mônica Yamauti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, 060-8586, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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11
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Zhang X, Ma X, Liao M, Liu F, Wei Q, Shi Z, Mai S, He J. Properties of Bis-GMA free bulk-filled resin composite based on high refractive index monomer Bis-EFMA. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Hybrid Polymer-HA/BAG Ceramic Dental Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183774. [PMID: 36145918 PMCID: PMC9505225 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare hybrid polymer-ceramic dental materials for chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications. The hybrid polymer-ceramic materials were fabricated via infiltrating polymerizable monomer mixtures into sintered hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass (HA/BAG) ceramic blocks and thermo-curing. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The phase structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The composition ratio was analyzed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness tester. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength were measured and calculated by a universal testing machine. The growth of human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the sintering temperature and BAG content affected the mechanical properties of the hybrid polymer-ceramic materials. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that high-temperature sintering promoted the partial conversion of HA to β-tricalcium phosphate. The values of the hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength of all the hybrid polymer-ceramic materials were 0.89-3.51 GPa, 57.61-118.05 MPa, 20.26-39.77 GPa, and 60.36-390.46 MPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the hybrid polymer-ceramic materials were similar to natural teeth. As a trade-off between flexural strength and hardness, hybrid polymer-ceramic material with 20 wt.% BAG sintered at 1000 °C was the best material. In vitro experiments confirmed the biocompatibility of the hybrid polymer-ceramic material. Therefore, the hybrid polymer-ceramic material is expected to become a new type of dental restoration material.
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Chrószcz-Porębska MW, Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Chladek G. Characterization of the Mechanical Properties, Water Sorption, and Solubility of Antibacterial Copolymers of Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15165530. [PMID: 36013665 PMCID: PMC9414361 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental composites based on dimethacrylates that have quaternary ammonium groups is a promising solution in the field of antibacterial restorative materials. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties and behaviors in aqueous environments of a series of six copolymers (QA:TEG) comprising 60 wt.% quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate (QAUDMA) and 40 wt.% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); these copolymers are analogous to a common dental copolymer (BG:TEG), which comprises 60 wt.% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 40 wt.% TEGDMA. Hardness (HB), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (E), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (SL) were assessed for this purpose. The pilot study of these copolymers showed that they have high antibacterial activity and good physicochemical properties. This paper revealed that QA:TEGs cannot replace BG:TEG due to their insufficient mechanical properties and poor behavior in water. However, the results can help to explain how QAUDMA-based materials work, and how their composition should be manipulated to produce the best performance. It was found that the longer the N-alkyl chain, the lower the HB, WS, and SL. The FS and E increased with the lengthening of the N-alkyl chain from eight to ten carbon atoms. Its further extension, to eighteen carbon atoms, caused a decrease in those parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W. Chrószcz-Porębska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela M. Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland
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14
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Lopes-Rocha L, Hernandez C, Gonçalves V, Pinho T, Tiritan ME. Analytical Methods for Determination of BPA Released from Dental Resin Composites and Related Materials: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:653-668. [PMID: 35776702 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2093097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) on human health, this systematic review aimed to gather the analytical methods for the quantification of BPA release of BPA in dental materials in in vitro and in vivo (biological fluids) studies. A brief critical discussion of the impacts of BPA on human health and the possible association with BPA in dental materials was also presented. The research was carried out by three independent researchers, (according to PRISMA guidelines) in PUBMED and SCOPUS databases, by searching for specific keywords and articles published between January 2011 and February 2022. Seventeen articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review: 10 in vitro and 7 in vivo. In in vitro studies, the highest amounts of BPA released were from flowable to conventional resins, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer. In contrast, the smallest amount was released from "BPA-free" composites and CAD-CAM blocks. Regarding in vivo studies, a higher concentration of BPA were found in saliva than urine or blood. The best analytical method for trace quantifying BPA is LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry) due to its selectivity, low quantification limits, and the unequivocal identification. However, further studies are required to develop faster and more sensitive methods, in order to obtain more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lopes-Rocha
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Clara Hernandez
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Gonçalves
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, i3S-Institute of Innovation and Research in Health, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Portugal. Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Ni M, Li X, Zhang L, Kumar V, Chen J. Bibliometric Analysis of the Toxicity of Bisphenol A. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137886. [PMID: 35805543 PMCID: PMC9266187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used worldwide and research on the toxicity of BPA has advanced rapidly in the last few decades. This study aimed to evaluate the global scientific output of toxicity of BPA and explore the hot spots and research trends. All available articles related to the toxicity of BPA until 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The VOSviewer, a bibliometric analysis software, was used to analyze the information of included articles, including countries/institutions, international cooperation, journals, citations, and keywords. Among 1644 retrieved articles, 1611 eligible studies were identified for analysis, and the annual publications increased with time in the past three decades. China and the United States were the most active contributors in this field. Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Dow chemical company conducted relatively more research than others about BPA toxicity. The journal “Chemosphere” published the most studies on “BPA toxicity”. Before 2015, most research focused on estrogenic activity and the test system mainly utilized animal experiments. However, in recent years, research related to toxic mechanisms of BPA at the cellular level and the toxicity of its analogs have received widespread attention. Considering some critical research gaps, future research on BPA toxicology should probably focus on the molecular biology of toxic mechanism, mixture toxicity, and co-exposure of BPA substitutes. This study will help researchers understand past and current research trends, hot spots, and trends of toxicity studies of BPA and, thus, contribute to further research and risk management of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Ni
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.N.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.N.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.N.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.N.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (J.C.)
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16
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Chrószcz MW, Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Kazek-Kęsik A. Novel Antibacterial Copolymers Based on Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylate Analogues and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094954. [PMID: 35563344 PMCID: PMC9103508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing scale of secondary caries and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains require the development of antibacterial dental composites. It can be achieved by the chemical introduction of quaternary ammonium dimethacrylates into dental composites. In this study, physicochemical and antibacterial properties of six novel copolymers consisting of 60 wt. % quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate analogues (QAUDMA) and 40 wt. % triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were investigated. Uncured compositions had suitable refractive index (RI), density (dm), and glass transition temperature (Tgm). Copolymers had low polymerization shrinkage (S), high degree of conversion (DC) and high glass transition temperature (Tgp). They also showed high antibacterial effectiveness against S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains. It was manifested by the reduction in cell proliferation, decrease in the number of bacteria adhered on their surfaces, and presence of growth inhibition zones. It can be concluded that the copolymerization of bioactive QAUDMAs with TEGDMA provided copolymers with high antibacterial activity and rewarding physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W. Chrószcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-1793
| | - Izabela M. Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Kosewski J, Kosewski P, Mielczarek A. Influence of Instrument Lubrication on Properties of Dental Composites. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:719-728. [PMID: 35395691 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin composites are one of the most commonly used materials in restorative dentistry. To improve their handling and facilitate restoration sculpting, clinicians began to lubricate modeling instruments with various substances like alcohol, unfilled resins, or even bonding agents. Although the technique is commonly present in daily clinical practice, it has not been precisely described in the literature and both application methods and lubricating materials vary across the available studies. This study aims to summarize the currently available knowledge about influence of instrument lubrication on properties of dental composites. Literature selection was conducted within MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EBSCO databases. Instrument lubrication seems not to be indifferent for composite mechanical and optical properties. Moreover, various lubricants can differently affect the composite material, so the choice of lubricating agent should be deliberate and cautious. Available in vitro studies suggest possible incorporation of lubricant into the composite structure. Unfilled resins based on bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) seem to be the best choice for the lubricant, as bonding agents containing hydrophilic molecules and alcohols carry a bigger risk of altering the composite properties. Further research is necessary to evaluate lubricants' influence in clinical practice conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Kosewski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Mielczarek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Vervliet P, De Nys S, Duca RC, Boonen I, Godderis L, Elskens M, Van Landuyt KL, Covaci A. Identification of chemicals leaching from dental resin-based materials after in vitro chemical and salivary degradation. Dent Mater 2021; 38:19-32. [PMID: 34774330 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Only little is known about degradation of methacrylate monomers. Therefore, using in vitro chemical and saliva degradation this study aimed to identify the degradation products of organic compounds present in resin-based dental materials. METHODS Ten dental monomers and nine polymerized dental resin-based materials were immersed for 24 h in chemical media (0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH) and human pooled saliva in order to identify leached monomers and degradation products from chemical and saliva degradation. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify previously unknown degradation products. RESULTS During in vitro chemical degradation, uncured monomers were rapidly hydrolyzed into mono- and demethacrylated degradation products. During chemical degradation in alkaline conditions of polymerized materials, considered the worst-case scenario, only degradation products could be detected. In acidic conditions, monomers and their degradation products were detected. In addition, different additives such as EDMAB, DMPA and HMBP were present in acidic degradation samples. Degradation in human pooled saliva for 24 h to mimic the in vivo situation, resulted in the identification of both monomers and their degradation products. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using state-of-the-art high-resolution mass spectrometry previously unknown degradation products of commonly used monomers were identified for the first time. Results show that patients may be exposed to monomers and their degradation products in the first 24 h after restorative procedures. The results provide a base for further research on the degradation of resin-based dental composites in order to assess their safety using elution and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vervliet
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Imke Boonen
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Boonen I, De Nys S, Vervliet P, Covaci A, Van Landuyt KL, Duca RC, Godderis L, Denison MS, Elskens M. Assessing the estrogenic activity of chemicals present in resin based dental composites and in leachates of commercially available composites using the ERα-CALUX bioassay. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1834-1844. [PMID: 34579959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biocompatibility of resin based dental composites has not yet been fully characterized even though certain monomers used in these composites are synthesized from Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known estrogenic endocrine disruptor. As a result, they show structural relationship to BPA and can contain it as an impurity. Therefore, the estrogenic activity of 9 monomers, 2 photoinitiators, one photostabilizer and leachates of 4 commercially available composites was determined. METHODS The ERα-CALUX bioassay was used to determine both agonistic and antagonistic estrogenic activities of the pure compounds (BPA, BisDMA, BisGMA, BisEMA(3), BisEMA(6), BisEMA(10), TEGDMA, TCD-DI-HEA, BADGE, UDMA, HMBP, DMPA, CQ) and the leachates of cured composite disks. The leachates of 4 commercially available composites (Solitaire 2, Ceram.x Spectra ST, G-ænial Posterior and Filtek Supreme XTE) in water and 0.1 M NaOH (pH = 13, 'worst-case scenario') were tested for estrogenic activity (pooled leachates from 10 cured composite disks). RESULTS Agonistic estrogenic activity was found for the monomer BisDMA, the photostabilizer HMBP and photoinitiator DMPA. All leachates from the 4 tested composites showed significant agonistic estrogenic activity higher than the DMSO control, and the highest activity (potency and efficacy) was found for Solitaire 2, followed by Ceram.x Spectra ST. Furthermore, antagonistic estrogenic activity was found in the leachates from G-ænial Posterior. SIGNIFICANCE These results show that significant estrogenic activity was found in all leachates of the cured composite disks, and that this estrogenicity is most likely due to a mixture effect of multiple estrogenic compounds (including BPA, HMBP and DMPA). This indicates that further research into the endocrine activity of all the compounds that are present in these composites (even at low quantities) and their possible mixture effect is warranted to guarantee their safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Boonen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
| | - Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; National Health Laboratory (LNS), Department of Health Protection, Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- University of California at Davis, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Marc Elskens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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20
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Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R, Sánchez-Esteban S, Cook A, Mínguez-Moratinos M, Ramírez-Carracedo R, Reventún P, Delgado-Marín M, Bosch RJ, Saura M. Bisphenol A Induces Accelerated Cell Aging in Murine Endothelium. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101429. [PMID: 34680063 PMCID: PMC8533150 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine disruptor affecting many organs and systems. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that BPA could induce death due to necroptosis in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). This work aims to evaluate the possible involvement of BPA-induced senescence mechanisms in endothelial cells. The β-Gal assays showed interesting differences in cell senescence at relatively low doses (100 nM and 5 µM). Western blots confirmed that proteins involved in senescence mechanisms, p16 and p21, were overexpressed in the presence of BPA. In addition, the UPR (unfolding protein response) system, which is part of the senescent phenotype, was also explored by Western blot and qPCR, confirming the involvement of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway (related to pathological processes). The endothelium of mice treated with BPA showed an evident increase in the expression of the proteins p16, p21, and CHOP, confirming the results observed in cells. Our results demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by BPA leads to UPR activation and senescence since pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in BPA-treated cells reduced the percentage of senescent cells prevented the overexpression of proteins related to BPA-induced senescence and reduced the activation of the UPR system. The results suggest that BPA participates actively in accelerated cell aging mechanisms, affecting the vascular endothelium and promoting cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Gómez-Toledano
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Esteban
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Alberto Cook
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Marta Mínguez-Moratinos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | | | - Paula Reventún
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - María Delgado-Marín
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Ricardo J. Bosch
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Marta Saura
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Mourouzis P, Diamantopoulou E, Tsigarida A, Dionysopoulos D, Konstantinidis A, Samanidou V, Tolidis K. Evaluation of Monomer Elution and Surface Roughness of a Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network CAD-CAM Material After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-assisted Tooth Bleaching. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E171-E184. [PMID: 35486503 DOI: 10.2341/20-158-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted tooth bleaching treatment on the elution of monomers and surface roughness of a hybrid computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) material, and to compare it with a resin composite for direct restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty specimens of a hybrid CAD-CAM material (Enamic) and forty of a conventional resin composite (Tetric) were fabricated and randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Half of the specimens of each material were stored in distilled water and the other half in artificial saliva for 7 days. At the end of this period, the storage medium was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the surface roughness parameters of the specimens were evaluated by optical imaging noncontact interferometric profilometry. Afterwards, half of the specimens of each tested material received a conventional in-office tooth bleaching treatment and the other half an Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted bleaching treatment, and then they were again incubated in distilled water and artificial saliva for an additional 7-day time period. At the end of this period, the effect of the bleaching treatments on elution of monomers and surface roughness of the tested materials was evaluated. RESULTS Bisphenol A (BPA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and bisphenol A-glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) were eluted from the conventional resin composite into both the solutions tested. Only TEGDMA was eluted from the hybrid CAD-CAM material. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the surface roughness parameters of both materials. Both the conventional and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted tooth bleaching treatments affected the monomer elution from the composite resin. However, there were no statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the treatments. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, tooth bleaching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser or conventional technique is safe, even if the bleaching agent comes in contact with hybrid CAD-CAM restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mourouzis
- *Petros Mourouzis, MSc, PhD, assitant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Diamantopoulou
- Ellisavet-Ioanna Diamantopoulou, MSc, graduate student, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Tsigarida
- Alexia Tsigarida, Chemist, MSc, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Dionysopoulos
- Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, MSc, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Konstantinidis
- Avraam Konstantinidis, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Samanidou
- Victoria Samanidou, PhD, professor, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Tolidis
- Kosmas Tolidis, PhD, professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Worthington HV, Khangura S, Seal K, Mierzwinski-Urban M, Veitz-Keenan A, Sahrmann P, Schmidlin PR, Davis D, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Rasines Alcaraz MG. Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 8:CD005620. [PMID: 34387873 PMCID: PMC8407050 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005620.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, amalgam has been used for filling cavities in posterior teeth, and it continues to be the restorative material of choice in some low- and middle-income countries due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost. However, there are concerns over the use of amalgam restorations (fillings) with regard to mercury release in the body and the environmental impact of mercury disposal. Dental composite resin materials are an aesthetic alternative to amalgam, and their mechanical properties have developed sufficiently to make them suitable for restoring posterior teeth. Nevertheless, composite resin materials may have potential for toxicity to human health and the environment. The United Nations Environment Programme has established the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which is an international treaty that aims "to protect the [sic] human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds". It entered into force in August 2017, and as of February 2021 had been ratified by 127 governments. Ratification involves committing to the adoption of at least two of nine proposed measures to phase down the use of mercury, including amalgam in dentistry. In light of this, we have updated a review originally published in 2014, expanding the scope of the review by undertaking an additional search for harms outcomes. Our review synthesises the results of studies that evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of amalgam versus composite resin restorations, and evaluates the level of certainty we can have in that evidence. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects (i.e. efficacy and safety) of direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings. SEARCH METHODS An information specialist searched five bibliographic databases up to 16 February 2021 and used additional search methods to identify published, unpublished and ongoing studies SELECTION CRITERIA: To assess efficacy, we included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dental composite resin with amalgam restorations in permanent posterior teeth that assessed restoration failure or survival at follow-up of at least three years. To assess safety, we sought non-randomised studies in addition to RCTs that directly compared composite resin and amalgam restorative materials and measured toxicity, sensitivity, allergy, or injury. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included a total of eight studies in this updated review, all of which were RCTs. Two studies used a parallel-group design, and six used a split-mouth design. We judged all of the included studies to be at high risk of bias due to lack of blinding and issues related to unit of analysis. We identified one new trial since the previous version of this review (2014), as well as eight additional papers that assessed safety, all of which related to the two parallel-group studies that were already included in the review. For our primary meta-analyses, we combined data from the two parallel-group trials, which involved 1645 composite restorations and 1365 amalgam restorations in 921 children. We found low-certainty evidence that composite resin restorations had almost double the risk of failure compared to amalgam restorations (risk ratio (RR) 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52 to 2.35; P < 0.001), and were at much higher risk of secondary caries (RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.74; P < 0.001). We found low-certainty evidence that composite resin restorations were not more likely to result in restoration fracture (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.64; P = 0.66). Six trials used a split-mouth design. We considered these studies separately, as their reliability was compromised due to poor reporting, unit of analysis errors, and variability in methods and findings. Subgroup analysis showed that the findings were consistent with the results of the parallel-group studies. Three trials investigated possible harms of dental restorations. Higher urinary mercury levels were reported amongst children with amalgam restorations in two trials, but the levels were lower than what is known to be toxic. Some differences between amalgam and composite resin groups were observed on certain measures of renal, neuropsychological, and psychosocial function, physical development, and postoperative sensitivity; however, no consistent or clinically important harms were found. We considered that the vast number of comparisons made false-positive results likely. There was no evidence of differences between the amalgam and composite resin groups in neurological symptoms, immune function, and urinary porphyrin excretion. The evidence is of very low certainty, with most harms outcomes reported in only one trial. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Low-certainty evidence suggests that composite resin restorations may have almost double the failure rate of amalgam restorations. The risk of restoration fracture does not seem to be higher with composite resin restorations, but there is a much higher risk of developing secondary caries. Very low-certainty evidence suggests that there may be no clinically important differences in the safety profile of amalgam compared with composite resin dental restorations. This review supports the utility of amalgam restorations, and the results may be particularly useful in parts of the world where amalgam is still the material of choice to restore posterior teeth with proximal caries. Of note, however, is that composite resin materials have undergone important improvements in the years since the trials informing the primary analyses for this review were conducted. The global phase-down of dental amalgam via the Minamata Convention on Mercury is an important consideration when deciding between amalgam and composite resin dental materials. The choice of which dental material to use will depend on shared decision-making between dental providers and patients in the clinic setting, and local directives and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen V Worthington
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Khangura
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kelsey Seal
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Analia Veitz-Keenan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roger Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dell Davis
- Texas Medical Center Library, Houston Academy of Medicine, Houston, USA
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23
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Frencken JE, Liang S, Zhang Q. Survival estimates of atraumatic restorative treatment versus traditional restorative treatment: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-2701-0. [PMID: 33883705 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The hypothesis tested was that there is no significant difference between the survival estimates of atraumatic restorative treatment/high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (ART/HVGIC) restorations, in posterior primary and permanent teeth, and traditional amalgam and resin composite restorations.Data sources The databases PubMed, DOAJ, LILACS, IndMed, Google Scholar and CNKI were searched.Data selection Using inclusion and exclusion criteria led to 14 eligible randomised trials. A low risk of bias was observed for two reports. Homogeneity was obtained for single-surface ART restorations after one and two years in the primary dentition.Data synthesis No statistically significant difference was found between the weighted mean survival percentages of ART/HVGIC and traditional treatments in both single- and multiple-surface restorations in primary molars and in single-surface restorations in posterior permanent teeth at years 1, 2, 3 and 5. At years 4.3 and 6.3, the difference between the two treatments was statistically significant, favouring the ART/HVGIC restorations. No statistically significant difference was found between the weighted mean survival percentages of ART/HVGIC and traditional treatments in multiple-surface restorations in posterior permanent teeth.Conclusion The ART method using HVGICs can be considered as a replacement for traditional restorations in single- and multiple-surface cavities in primary molars, and in single-surface cavities in posterior permanent teeth, particularly for amalgam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Frencken
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Shanshan Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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24
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Lopes-Rocha L, Ribeiro-Gonçalves L, Henriques B, Özcan M, Tiritan ME, Souza JCM. An integrative review on the toxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) released from resin composites used in dentistry. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1942-1952. [PMID: 33834604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to perform an integrative review on the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from resin-matrix composites and potential toxic effects. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed platform using the following keywords: "Bisphenol A" OR "BPA" AND "resin composite" OR "composite resin" AND "toxicity" OR "cytotoxicity" OR "release". Inclusion criteria involved in vitro and in vivo studies on the release and toxicity of BPA. Results highlighted the release of BPA from resin-matrix composites due to insufficient polymerization and/or degradation of the polymeric matrix. BPA is part of the organic matrix of resin-matrix composites and may be hydrolysed in human saliva, although studies report that low doses might not be detected by traditional chemical analysis. Studies exposing zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of Bis-GMA, showed 55% mortality at 10 μM Bis-GMA while 30% mortality was recorded at 1 μM Bis-GMA. In patients, a BPA concentration of around 2.09 × 10-2 μg/ml was found in the saliva after placement of lingual orthodontic retainers with resin-matrix composites. Also, the BPA molecule can be swallowed and absorbed by the oral/gastrointestinal mucosa, which might result in systemic toxicity. The degradation of resin-matrix composites and release of BPA in oral environment are dependent on the organic matrix content and on the polymerization method. A increased release of BPA can lead to the absorption into oral and gastrointestinal mucosa with high risks of local and systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lopes-Rocha
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Gonçalves
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal.,Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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25
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Risk assessment of predicted serum concentrations of bisphenol A in children and adults following treatment with dental composite restoratives, dental sealants, or orthodontic adhesives using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 120:104839. [PMID: 33301868 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to manufacture bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA). BisGMA has been used for decades in dental composite restoratives, sealants, and adhesives. Based on published studies, exposure to low concentrations of BPA are possible from dental and orthodontic devices. The serum BPA concentrations arising from such devices and oral doses were predicted using a PBPK model in children and adult females based on 1) published extraction data for cured and uncured 3M ESPE Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable, 3M ESPE Filtek Bulk Fill Restorative, and 3M ESPE Clinpro Sealant and 2) published 20% ethanol/water and water rinsate data following orthodontic application with 3M ESPE Transbond MIP Primer and 3M ESPE Transbond XT Adhesive. Predicted oral exposure to BPA arising from these dental and orthodontic devices is low (median <10 ng/treatment) and predicted serum BPA concentrations were also low (<10-4 nM). Even the maximum predicted exposure in this study (533.2 ng/treatment) yields a margin of exposure of 7.5 relative to the EFSA t-TDI (4 μg/kg-day) and is only 2.8% of the daily BPA exposure for the US population in a 58-kg woman (15,660 ng/day). Therefore, the exposure to BPA arising from the 3M ESPE dental and orthodontic devices evaluated in this study is negligible relative to daily BPA exposure in the general population and these potential BPA sources do not constitute a risk to patients.
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26
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Chrószcz M, Barszczewska-Rybarek I. Nanoparticles of Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Derivatives for Application in Dental Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2551. [PMID: 33143324 PMCID: PMC7693368 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA-PEI) derivatives have been synthesized in order to obtain nanoparticles. Due to their antibacterial activity and non-toxicity towards mammalian cells, the QA-PEI nanoparticles have been tested extensively regarding potential applications as biocidal additives in various dental composite materials. Their impact has been examined mostly for dimethacrylate-based restorative materials; however, dental cements, root canal pastes, and orthodontic adhesives have also been tested. Results of those studies showed that the addition of small quantities of QA-PEI nanoparticles, from 0.5 to 2 wt.%, led to efficient and long-lasting antibacterial effects. However, it was also discovered that the intensity of the biocidal activity strongly depended on several chemical factors, including the degree of crosslinking, length of alkyl telomeric chains, degree of N-alkylation, degree of N-methylation, counterion type, and pH. Importantly, the presence of QA-PEI nanoparticles in the studied dental composites did not negatively impact the degree of conversion in the composite matrix, nor its mechanical properties. In this review, we summarized these features and functions in order to present QA-PEI nanoparticles as modern and promising additives for dental materials that can impart unique antibacterial characteristics without deteriorating the products' structures or mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chrószcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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27
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Detection of Bisphenol A in dental wastewater after grinding of dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1009-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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McKinney CM, Leroux BG, Seminario AL, Kim A, Liu Z, Samy S, Sathyanarayana S. A Prospective Cohort Study of Bisphenol A Exposure from Dental Treatment. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1262-1269. [PMID: 32579872 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520934725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies show that bisphenol A (BPA) leaches from bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bisGMA)-based dental materials. We aimed to quantify the extent to which children are exposed to BPA from dental treatment with bisGMA materials, by amount of treatment and type of sedation. We hypothesized that posttreatment urinary BPA (uBPA) concentrations would be higher among patients with more surfaces treated with bisGMA-based materials and among patients receiving general anesthesia compared with pretreatment concentrations. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 211 children, 4 to 12 y old, who had no prior resin-based dental treatment. We measured uBPA concentrations twice before treatment and at 2 d and 1, 4, and 16 wk posttreatment. We abstracted treatment data (surfaces treated) from the chart. We generated descriptive statistics and compared pre- and posttreatment uBPA concentrations using generalized estimating equations. Participants were 51% female, 46% non-White, and 74% publicly insured. The median age was 6 y. The mean number of tooth surfaces exposed to BisGMA materials (composites/sealants) was 7.5 (SD 5.3). Overall, uBPA concentrations were 86% higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 42% to 143%, P < 0.001) at 2 d posttreatment compared with pretreatment concentrations. The uBPA concentrations 2 d posttreatment versus pretreatment tended to be higher (112%, 95% CI 53% to 194%) among those receiving treatment on >4 surfaces than those receiving treatment on ≤4 surfaces (50%, 95% CI -2% to 130%). Two days after treatment, uBPA was significantly higher than pretreatment concentrations in children receiving nitrous oxide but not in those receiving general anesthesia. Among all findings, uBPA concentrations returned to baseline by 4 wk. Children experience short-term increases in BPA from dental treatment. The impact of relatively high, short-term BPA exposure on child health is unknown. Given the widespread use of BisGMA-based dental materials and that chronic low-dose BPA exposure may adversely affect child health, strategies that minimize BPA exposure could potentially improve child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McKinney
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B G Leroux
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A L Seminario
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Kim
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Z Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Samy
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Chrószcz MW, Chladek G. Novel Urethane-Dimethacrylate Monomers and Compositions for Use as Matrices in Dental Restorative Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072644. [PMID: 32290163 PMCID: PMC7177826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel urethane-dimethacrylate monomers were synthesized from 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene (MEBDI) and oligoethylene glycols monomethacrylates, containing one to three oxyethylene groups. They can potentially be utilized as matrices in dental restorative materials. The obtained monomers were used to prepare four new formulations. Two of them were solely composed of the MEBDI-based monomers. In a second pair, a monomer based on triethylene glycol monomethacrylate, used in 20 wt.%, was replaced with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), a reactive diluent typically used in dental materials. For comparison purposes, two formulations, using typical dental dimethacrylates (bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), urethane-dimethacrylate (UDMA) and TEGDMA) were prepared. The monomers and mixtures were tested for the viscosity and density. The homopolymers and copolymers, obtained via photopolymerization, were tested for the degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, water sorption and solubility, hardness, flexural strength and modulus. The newly developed formulations achieved promising physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics so as to be suitable for applications as dental composite matrices. A combination of the MEBDI-based urethane-dimethacrylates with TEGDMA resulted in copolymers with a high degree of conversion, low polymerization shrinkage, low water sorption and water solubility, and good mechanical properties. These parameters showed an improvement in relation to currently used dental formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela M. Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-1793
| | - Marta W. Chrószcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Babajko S, Gayrard V, Houari S, Thu Bui A, Barouki R, Niederreither K, Fini JB, Dursun E, Coumoul X. [Oral cavity as a target and a marker of environmental exposures: developmental dental defects]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:225-230. [PMID: 32228840 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is one of the main route for environmental contaminations associated to many chronic diseases (cancers, fertility and behavior disorders for example) via alimentation, medications and respiration. These environmental factors including, among others, endocrine disruptors and excessive fluoride can disrupt dental development and thus generate irreversible enamel defects. These defects are then treated with materials that may release molecules capable of generating these defects, leading to a vicious circle, particularly in pregnant women and young children. The present paper aims to review the state of knowledge, questions and controversies on common environmental factors in contact with the oral cavity. It also reviews their mechanisms of action and the mediators involved in enamel pathologies associated with environmental conditions. Dental tissues can not only be targeted by environmental factors but can also serve as early and easily accessible markers of exposure to these agents. Understanding and characterizing the environmental impact in the oral cavity will help to prevent multiple diseases, oral and distant, whose link with oral homeostasis is just being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophia Houari
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ai Thu Bui
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Inserm UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Unité de Recherche en Biomatériaux Innovants et Interfaces EA4462, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge ; Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Inserm UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
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Evaluation of the Degree of Conversion, Residual Monomers and Mechanical Properties of Some Light-Cured Dental Resin Composites. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132109. [PMID: 31262014 PMCID: PMC6651104 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The novelty of this study consists in the formulation and characterization of three experimental dental composites (PM, P14M, P2S) for cervical dental lesion restoration compared to the commercial composites Enamel plus HRi® - En (Micerium S.p.A, Avengo, Ge, Italy), G-ænial Anterior® - Ge, (GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium), Charisma® - Ch (Heraeus Kulzer, Berkshire, UK). The physio-chemical properties were studied, like the degree of conversion and the residual monomers in cured samples using FTIR-ATR (attenuated total reflectance) and HPLC-UV (ultraviolet detection), as well as the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the materials. The null hypothesis was that there would be no differences between experimental and commercial resin composites regarding the evaluated parameters. Statistical analysis revealed that water and saliva storage induced significant modifications of all mechanical parameters after three months for all tested materials, except for a few comparisons for each type of material. Storage medium seemed not to alter the values of mechanical parameters in comparison with the initial ones for: diametral tensile strength (DTS-saliva for Ge and PM, compressive strength (CS)-water for Ch, DTS-water and Young's modulus YM-saliva for P14M and YM-water/ saliva for P2S (p > 0.05). Two of the experimental materials showed less than 1% residual monomers, which sustains good polymerization efficiency. Experimental resin composites have good mechanical properties, which makes them recommendable for the successful use in load-bearing surfaces of posterior teeth.
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Vervliet P, Den Plas JV, De Nys S, Duca RC, Boonen I, Elskens M, Van Landuyt KL, Covaci A. Investigating the in vitro metabolism of the dental resin monomers BisGMA, BisPMA, TCD-DI-HEA and UDMA using human liver microsomes and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Toxicology 2019; 420:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Löfroth M, Ghasemimehr M, Falk A, Vult von Steyern P. Bisphenol A in dental materials - existence, leakage and biological effects. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01711. [PMID: 31193754 PMCID: PMC6538958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, questions have been raised concerning the potential endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol A (BPA). This substance is a constituent in many different products which we frequently come into contact with, such as food containers and receipts. Resin-based dental filling materials are another source of exposure, although according to previous studies the amount and potential risks are not clear. Thus, the aims of the present study were (1) to identify if direct dental filling materials are liable to leak BPA and (2) to investigate if this leakage could lead to any adverse effects on health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was made with PubMed as the primary source, subsequently complemented with reference tracking. RESULTS A total of 26 articles were included, 24 of which were used for the first aim (leakage) and 2 for the second aim (health risks). The majority of studies, including all in vivo studies, showed leakage of BPA from dental materials in various amounts and during different time intervals. The findings showed a contradiction in results regarding the connection between dental materials and adverse health effects. CONCLUSIONS There is leakage of BPA from some dental materials, but critical levels are not evident. Bis-DMA contents might convert to BPA in the oral cavity. There is a contradiction between in vitro and in vivo studies concerning BPA leakage and finally, there is a lack of studies investigating the association between BPA exposure and its adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Löfroth
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Marzouk T, Sathyanarayana S, Kim AS, Seminario AL, McKinney CM. A Systematic Review of Exposure to Bisphenol A from Dental Treatment. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:106-115. [PMID: 30931707 DOI: 10.1177/2380084418816079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental composite restorations and dental sealants containing bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) are commonly used materials in dentistry. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture BisGMA and can be a by-product in BisGMA-based dental materials. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may affect reproductive, psychological, cognitive, and endocrine-related health. We conducted a systematic review of clinical studies that measured urinary BPA (uBPA) concentrations before and after dental treatment to evaluate the extent to which individuals are exposed to BPA from dental treatment. METHODS Eligibility included studies that measured uBPA concentrations before and after dental treatment with any type of resin-based dental material. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Clinical Trials with no date or language restrictions to identify published studies. We summarized eligible studies across participant characteristics, amount of treatment, and time of follow-up measures. Because methods of measuring uBPA varied, our primary outcome was the direction and percentage change between baseline and 24 h posttreatment and at later time points as available. RESULTS We identified 1,190 abstracts and 7 eligible studies: 4 in children and 3 in adults. In all studies, BPA concentrations increased 24 h after treatment. The 2 studies with the largest sample sizes found statistically significant increases >40% in uBPA concentrations at 24 h posttreatment (both P values <0.01). The 1 study to examine uBPA concentrations beyond 1 mo posttreatment found that concentrations returned to baseline by 14 d after treatment and remained at baseline 6 mo after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that uBPA concentrations increase 24 h after dental treatment. One study showed that uBPA concentrations return to baseline by 14 d. Additional research is needed to determine the magnitude of change from pre- to post-dental treatment and the trajectory of uBPA concentrations posttreatment. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may have negative human health effects. Our findings suggest that urinary BPA concentrations increase in the short term after dental treatment. The extent to which such an increase may affect the health of patients remains an open question, particularly since there are no established thresholds for safety or harm related to BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marzouk
- 1 Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S Sathyanarayana
- 2 Department of Pediatrics / Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A S Kim
- 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A L Seminario
- 3 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C M McKinney
- 5 Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics / Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bagher SM, Sabbagh HJ, Aldajani M, Al-Ghamdi N, Zaatari G. Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Restorative, Orthodontic, and Pediatric Departments' Members toward Bisphenol A Dental Exposures. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:83-88. [PMID: 30923699 PMCID: PMC6402252 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_338_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Restorative, Orthodontic, and Pediatric Dentistry Departments' members at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, toward bisphenol A (BPA) dental exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was pretested for face and content validity. It included ten knowledge-, four attitude-, and five behavior-based items. The collected data were analyzed using Windows SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Significant levels were set at 0.05. RESULTS A total of 109 members participated in this study. Most of them (80 [73.4]) had never attended a lecture or read an article on BPA dental exposure previously. The restorative department members showed the highest (mean ± standard deviation score) in knowledge-based questions (3.32 ± 3.323), and those who reported that they had heard of BPA previously, read an article, or attended a lecture on BPA received significantly higher mean knowledge scores (P < 0.0001). The pediatric dentistry departments' members showed significantly higher agreements to attitude questions. Only ten participants (9.2%) followed the recommended guidelines to reduce patients' exposure to BPA during the application of BPA-containing dental materials. CONCLUSIONS Reading an article or attending a lecture on BPA significantly improves the knowledge scores. Therefore, there is a need to increase the awareness on BPA dental exposure among different departments' members in KAU to ensure that BPA exposure to patients is minimized and to ensure the spread of this knowledge to the dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Bagher
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sara M. Bagher, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Heba J. Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Aldajani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Al-Ghamdi
- Dentist at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Vervliet P, de Nys S, Boonen I, Duca RC, Elskens M, van Landuyt KL, Covaci A. Qualitative analysis of dental material ingredients, composite resins and sealants using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1576:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Shear bond strength and interface analysis between a resin composite and a recent high-viscous glass ionomer cement bonded with various adhesive systems. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2599-2608. [PMID: 30317399 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the shear bond strength (SBS) and interface between a resin composite and a new high-viscous glass ionomer cement (HV-GIC), a HV-GIC, a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC), a bulk-fill flowable composite, and a regular flowable composite bonded with various adhesive systems. METHODS AND MATERIALS A resin composite (Filtek Z350) was bonded to a new HV-GIC (EQUIA Forte Fil) using various adhesive systems, including a universal adhesive in self-etch and etch-and-rinse mode (Scotchbond Universal), a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Scotchbond 1-XT), a one-step self-etch adhesive (Optibond All-in-one) tested also after silane application (Monobond Plus), and a coating material (EQUIA Forte Coat). The resin composite was also bonded to a HV-GIC (Fuji IX GP), a RM-GIC (Fuji II LC), a bulk-fill flowable composite (SDR), and a regular flowable composite (Tetric Evo Flow) with the universal adhesive in self-etch mode (Scotchbond Universal). Two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test was used to investigate the difference in SBS. Failures were analyzed by chi-square test. Bonding interfaces were examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM). RESULTS SBS to EQUIA Forte Fil was significantly lower with Scotchbond 1-XT than with all other adhesive systems. By using Scotchbond Universal with the self-etch technique, the SBS to EQUIA Forte Fil was significantly higher than the SBS to Fuji IX GP and significantly lower than the SBS to Fuji II LC, SDR, and Tetric Evo Flow. E-SEM images showed an intimate contact at all interfaces examined. CONCLUSION EQUIA Forte Fil showed satisfactory SBS and interfaces with all adhesives tested. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bonding between the resin composite and HV-GIC can be achieved using a universal adhesive in self-etch mode, an easy-to-use adhesive system.
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Environmental Toxicants: Epigenetics as an Underlying Mechanism. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:7526592. [PMID: 28567415 PMCID: PMC5439185 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7526592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), calls for more research into the identification of etiologic and risk factors. The Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesizes that the environment during fetal and childhood development affects the risk for many chronic diseases in later stages of life, including neurodevelopmental disorders. Epigenetics, a term describing mechanisms that cause changes in the chromosome state without affecting DNA sequences, is suggested to be the underlying mechanism, according to the DOHaD hypothesis. Moreover, many neurodevelopmental disorders are also related to epigenetic abnormalities. Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to prenatal environmental toxicants is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, there is also evidence that environmental toxicants can result in epigenetic alterations, notably DNA methylation. In this review, we first focus on the relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental toxicants, in particular maternal smoking, plastic-derived chemicals (bisphenol A and phthalates), persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals. We then review studies showing the epigenetic effects of those environmental factors in humans that may affect normal neurodevelopment.
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