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Mir Najib Ullah SN, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Ather H, Sultana S, Almalki WH, Bharti P, Sahoo A, Dwivedi K, Khan G, Sultana S, Alzahrani A, Rahman M. Nanomedicine in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: State-of-the-Art. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1752. [PMID: 37371847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a deadly, progressive, and irreversible brain condition that impairs cognitive abilities. Globally, it affects 32.6 million individuals, and if no viable therapies are available by 2050, that figure might rise to 139 million. The current course of treatment enhances cognitive abilities and temporarily relieves symptoms, but it does not halt or slow the disease's development. Additionally, treatments are primarily offered in conventional oral dosage forms, and conventional oral treatments lack brain specialization and cause adverse effects, resulting in poor patient compliance. A potential nanotechnology-based strategy can improve the bioavailability and specificity of the drug targeting in the brain. Furthermore, this review extensively summarizes the applications of nanomedicines for the effective delivery of drugs used in the management of AD. In addition, the clinical progress of nanomedicines in AD is also discussed, and the challenges facing the clinical development of nanomedicines are addressed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hissana Ather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheen Sultana
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pragya Bharti
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khusbu Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sambhunath Institute of Pharmacy Jhalwa, Prayagraj 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alzahrani
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fihurka O, Wang Y, Hong Y, Lin X, Shen N, Yang H, Brown B, Mommer M, Zieneldien T, Li Y, Kim J, Li M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Cao C. Multi-Targeting Intranasal Nanoformulation as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:232. [PMID: 36830601 PMCID: PMC9953380 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, insulin, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been shown to reverse cognitive deficits and attenuate neuropathologies in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) when used individually. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic properties of long-term intranasal treatment with a novel nanoformulation containing melatonin, insulin, and THC in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a transgenic model of AD. Transgenic mice at the age of 12 months were intranasally administered with a new nanoformulation containing melatonin, insulin, and THC at doses of 0.04, 0.008, and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, once daily for 3 months. The spatial memory of the mice was assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) test before and after drug treatment. Brain tissues were collected at the end of the treatment period for the assessment of Aβ load, tauopathy state, and markers of mitochondrial function. The RAWM test revealed that the treatment with the melatonin-insulin-THC (MIT) nasal spray improved the spatial learning memory of APP/PS1 mice significantly. Results of protein analyses of brain homogenates indicated that MIT treatment significantly decreased the tau phosphorylation implicated in tau toxicity (p < 0.05) and the expression of CKMT1 associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, MIT significantly decreased the expression of two mitochondrial fusion-related proteins, Mfn2 and Opa1 (p < 0.01 for both), while increasing the expression of a mitophagy regulator, Parkin, suggesting a compensatory enhancement of mitophagy due to MIT-promoted mitochondrial fusion. In conclusion, this study was the first to demonstrate the ability of an MIT nanoformulation to improve spatial memory in AD mice through its multi-targeting effects on Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, MIT may be a safe and effective therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Fihurka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yuzhu Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Haiqiang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Breanna Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Marcus Mommer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tarek Zieneldien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Janice Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Minghua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF-health Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Sharma S, Wasim M, Alfaleh MA, Md S, Baboota S, Ali J, Haque SE. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic promise of phytochemicals and nanocarriers based drug delivery against radiotherapy-induced neurotoxic manifestations. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1492-1511. [PMID: 35543534 PMCID: PMC9103628 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2064562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the extensively used therapeutic modalities in glioblastoma and other types of cancers. Radiotherapy is either used as a first-line approach or combined with pharmacotherapy or surgery to manage and treat cancer. Although the use of radiotherapy significantly increased the survival time of patients, but its use has been reported with marked neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction that eventually reduced the quality of life of patients. Based on the preclinical and clinical investigations, the profound role of increased oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of NF-kB, production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, increased level of MMPs, increased apoptosis, reduced angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and histological aberrations in CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG region of the hippocampus have been reported. Various pharmacotherapeutic drugs are being used as an adjuvant to counteract this neurotoxic manifestation. Still, most of these drugs suffer from systemic adverse effect, causes interference to ongoing chemotherapy, and exhibit pharmacokinetic limitations in crossing the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, various phytoconstituents, their nano carrier-based drug delivery systems and miRNAs have been explored to overcome the aforementioned limitations. The present review is focused on the mechanism and evidence of radiotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction, pathological and molecular changes in the brain homeostasis, available adjuvants, their limitations. Additionally, the potential role and mechanism of neuroprotection of various nanocarrier based natural products and miRNAs have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd, Gurugram, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Wasim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Ahmad MA, Kareem O, Khushtar M, Akbar M, Haque MR, Iqubal A, Haider MF, Pottoo FH, Abdulla FS, Al-Haidar MB, Alhajri N. Neuroinflammation: A Potential Risk for Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020616. [PMID: 35054805 PMCID: PMC8775769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition that is considered a major factor contributing to cognitive decline that reduces independent function. Pathophysiological pathways are not well defined for neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia; however, published evidence has shown the role of numerous inflammatory processes in the brain contributing toward their pathology. Microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) are the principal components of the brain’s immune defence system and can detect harmful or external pathogens. When stimulated, the cells trigger neuroinflammatory responses by releasing proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen species in order to preserve the cell’s microenvironment. These proinflammatory markers include cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα chemokines such as CCR3 and CCL2 and CCR5. Microglial cells may produce a prolonged inflammatory response that, in some circumstances, is indicated in the promotion of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review is focused on the involvement of microglial cell activation throughout neurodegenerative conditions and the link between neuroinflammatory processes and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Afroz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226021, India; (M.A.A.); (M.K.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Ozaifa Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Mohammad Khushtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226021, India; (M.A.A.); (M.K.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Md Akbar
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Md Rafiul Haque
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Al-Karim University, Katihar 854106, India;
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Md Faheem Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226021, India; (M.A.A.); (M.K.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatima S. Abdulla
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (F.S.A.); (M.B.A.-H.)
| | - Mahia B. Al-Haidar
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (F.S.A.); (M.B.A.-H.)
| | - Noora Alhajri
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Javed N, Pottoo FH, Barreto GE. Nano-Nutraceuticals Dietary Supplements for Athletes: An Eminent Approach for Managing Traumatic Brain Injuries. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:1-2. [DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220104212247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noushad Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAMS, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Md S, Alhakamy NA, Alfaleh MA, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Iqubal A, Shaik RA. Mechanisms Involved in Microglial-Interceded Alzheimer's Disease and Nanocarrier-Based Treatment Approaches. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1116. [PMID: 34834468 PMCID: PMC8619529 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder accountable for dementia and cognitive dysfunction. The etiology of AD is complex and multifactorial in origin. The formation and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neuroinflammation, persistent oxidative stress, and alteration in signaling pathways have been extensively explored among the various etiological hallmarks. However, more recently, the immunogenic regulation of AD has been identified, and macroglial activation is considered a limiting factor in its etiological cascade. Macroglial activation causes neuroinflammation via modulation of the NLRP3/NF-kB/p38 MAPKs pathway and is also involved in tau pathology via modulation of the GSK-3β/p38 MAPK pathways. Additionally, microglial activation contributes to the discrete release of neurotransmitters and an altered neuronal synaptic plasticity. Therefore, activated microglial cells appear to be an emerging target for managing and treating AD. This review article discussed the pathology of microglial activation in AD and the role of various nanocarrier-based anti-Alzeihmenr's therapeutic approaches that can either reverse or inhibit this activation. Thus, as a targeted drug delivery system, nanocarrier approaches could emerge as a novel means to overcome existing AD therapy limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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