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Grubelnik V, Zmazek J, Gosak M, Marhl M. The role of anaplerotic metabolism of glucose and glutamine in insulin secretion: A model approach. Biophys Chem 2024; 311:107270. [PMID: 38833963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We propose a detailed computational beta cell model that emphasizes the role of anaplerotic metabolism under glucose and glucose-glutamine stimulation. This model goes beyond the traditional focus on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP-sensitive K+ channels, highlighting the predominant generation of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate in the vicinity of KATP channels. It also underlines the modulatory role of H2O2 as a signaling molecule in the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In the second phase, the model emphasizes the critical role of anaplerotic pathways, activated by glucose stimulation via pyruvate carboxylase and by glutamine via glutamate dehydrogenase. It particularly focuses on the production of NADPH and glutamate as key enhancers of insulin secretion. The predictions of the model are consistent with empirical data, highlighting the complex interplay of metabolic pathways and emphasizing the primary role of glucose and the facilitating role of glutamine in insulin secretion. By delineating these crucial metabolic pathways, the model provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grubelnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jan Zmazek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Alma Mater Europaea ECM, Slovenska ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Marhl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Galli A, Moretti S, Dule N, Di Cairano ES, Castagna M, Marciani P, Battaglia C, Bertuzzi F, Fiorina P, Pastore I, La Rosa S, Davalli A, Folli F, Perego C. Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E27-E41. [PMID: 38690938 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00069.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine cells employ a sophisticated system of paracrine and autocrine signals to synchronize their activities, including glutamate, which controls hormone release and β-cell viability by acting on glutamate receptors expressed by endocrine cells. We here investigate whether alteration of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), the major glutamate clearance system in the islet, may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus and contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Increased EAAT2 intracellular localization was evident in islets of Langerhans from T2DM subjects as compared with healthy control subjects, despite similar expression levels. Chronic treatment of islets from healthy donors with high-glucose concentrations led to the transporter internalization in vesicular compartments and reduced [H3]-d-glutamate uptake (65 ± 5% inhibition), phenocopying the findings in T2DM pancreatic sections. The transporter relocalization was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation protein levels, suggesting an involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in the process. In line with this, PI3K inhibition by a 100-µM LY294002 treatment in human and clonal β-cells caused the transporter relocalization in intracellular compartments and significantly reduced the glutamate uptake compared to control conditions, suggesting that hyperglycemia changes the trafficking of the transporter to the plasma membrane. Upregulation of the glutamate transporter upon treatment with the antibiotic ceftriaxone rescued hyperglycemia-induced β-cells dysfunction and death. Our data underscore the significance of EAAT2 in regulating islet physiology and provide a rationale for potential therapeutic targeting of this transporter to preserve β-cell survival and function in diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The glutamate transporter SLC1A2/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is expressed on the plasma membrane of pancreatic β-cells and controls islet glutamate clearance and β-cells survival. We found that the EAAT2 membrane expression is lost in the islets of Langerhans from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients due to hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway and modification of its intracellular trafficking. Pharmacological rescue of EAAT2 expression prevents β-cell dysfunction and death, suggesting EAAT2 as a new potential target of intervention in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Galli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Moretti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nevia Dule
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Sara Di Cairano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Castagna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marciani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco,"Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Endocrinology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Oncology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Davalli
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Perego
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Xing X, Sun Q, Wang R, Wang Y, Wang R. Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling. Life Sci 2024; 341:122471. [PMID: 38301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Disruption of the insulin signaling pathway leads to insulin resistance (IR). IR is characterized by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with metabolic indicators and may potentially predict the onset of metabolic diseases. Glutamate receptor antagonists have significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise is a well-known strategy to combat IR. The aims of our narrative review are to summarize preclinical and clinical findings to show the correlations between circulating glutamate levels, IR and metabolic diseases, discuss the causal role of excessive glutamate in IR and metabolic disturbance, and present an overview of the exercise-induced alteration in circulating glutamate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify studies on glutamate, insulin signaling, and exercise in the PubMed database. The search covered articles published from December 1955 to January 2024, using the search terms of "glutamate", "glutamic acid", "insulin signaling", "insulin resistance", "insulin sensitivity", "exercise", and "physical activity". KEY FINDINGS Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with IR. Excessive glutamate can potentially hinder the insulin signaling pathway through various mechanisms, including the activation of ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutamate can also modify mitochondrial function through Ca2+ and induce purine degradation mediated by AMP deaminase 2. Exercise has the potential to decrease circulating levels of glutamate, which can be attributed to accelerated glutamate catabolism and enhanced glutamate uptake. SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate may act as a mediator in the exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xing
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Li J, Wei Y, Huang S, Yan S, Zhao B, Wang X, Sun J, Chen T, Lai Y, Liu R. Hyperglycemia effect of Pinctada martensii hydrolysate in diabetic db/db mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117104. [PMID: 37659759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pinctada martensii (Dunker) and other marine shellfish flesh have been traditionally used in China as folk remedies regulate blood sugar. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the main active constituents and the pharmacological mechanism of Pinctada martensii flesh enzymatic hydrolysate (PMH) against T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hypoglycemic activity of enzymolysis peptides from Pinctada martensii was evaluated by using db/db mice, through the influence of glycemic index, blood lipid and key protein expression of PI3K-Akt pathway. In addition, label-free quantitative proteomics was used to screen the key proteins for Pinctada martensii hydrolysate (PMH) to improve T2DM, and Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to verify the expression difference of differential proteins at protein and mRNA levels between different groups. RESULTS PMH were prepared and characterized. In vivo investigations revealed that the PMH could regulate blood glucose and improve glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in db/db mice. Western blot results showed that PMH could up-regulate IRS-1, P-PI3K/PI3K and P-Akt/Akt levels in db/db mice. Label-free quantitative proteomic approach was used to analyze the proteome in db/db mouse liver, 231 proteins were reversed significantly (p < 0.05), and these proteins were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and other pathways. Further screened 15 proteins with FC > 1.2 could be enriched in the retinol metabolic pathway, and the proteins in this pathway were also verified. CONCLUSIONS PMH has hypoglycemic effect and can be used as a potential natural T2DM intervener. The hypoglycemic activity of PMH is related to its regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The PI3K/AKT pathway and the retinol pathway are considered as another potential pathway for PMH to exert hypoglycemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Siying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shenghan Yan
- Zhejiang Haifu Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhoushan, 202450, PR China
| | - Binyuan Zhao
- Zhejiang Haifu Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhoushan, 202450, PR China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jipeng Sun
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yueyang Lai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Wang Y, Sun P, Zhao Z, Yan Y, Yue W, Yang K, Liu R, Huang H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li N, Feng H, Li J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Shen B, Zhao L, Yin C. Identify gestational diabetes mellitus by deep learning model from cell-free DNA at the early gestation stage. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad492. [PMID: 38168840 PMCID: PMC10782912 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, which has significant adverse effects on both the mother and fetus. The incidence of GDM is increasing globally, and early diagnosis is critical for timely treatment and reducing the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. GDM is usually diagnosed and detected after 24 weeks of gestation, while complications due to GDM can occur much earlier. Copy number variations (CNVs) can be a possible biomarker for GDM diagnosis and screening in the early gestation stage. In this study, we proposed a machine-learning method to screen GDM in the early stage of gestation using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing data from maternal plasma. Five thousand and eighty-five patients from north regions of Mainland China, including 1942 GDM, were recruited. A non-overlapping sliding window method was applied for CNV coverage screening on low-coverage (~0.2×) sequencing data. The CNV coverage was fed to a convolutional neural network with attention architecture for the binary classification. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 88.14%, precision of 84.07%, recall of 93.04%, F1-score of 88.33% and AUC of 96.49%. The model identified 2190 genes associated with GDM, including DEFA1, DEFA3 and DEFB1. The enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways showed that many identified genes are associated with diabetes-related pathways. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using cfDNA sequencing data and machine-learning methods for early diagnosis of GDM, which may aid in early intervention and prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- BGI-Beijing Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Byoryn Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- Shanxi Keda Research Institute, Taiyuan 030000, P. R. China
| | - Yousheng Yan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- Shenzhen Byoryn Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Feng
- BGI-Beijing Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenzhen Byoryn Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, P. R. China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
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Luna-Garcia LA, Meza-Herrera CA, Perez-Marin CC, De Santiago-Miramontes A, Flores-Salas JM, Corona R, Calderon-Leyva G, Veliz-Deras FG, Navarrete-Molina C, Marin-Tinoco RI. Targeted Glutamate Supply Boosts Insulin Concentrations, Ovarian Activity, and Ovulation Rate in Yearling Goats during the Anestrous Season. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1041. [PMID: 37508470 PMCID: PMC10376528 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine regulation of the seasonal reproductive axis requires the integration of internal and external signals to ensure synchronized physiological and behavioral responses. Seasonal reproductive changes contribute to intermittent production, which poses challenges for optimizing goat product yields. Consequently, a significant objective in seasonal reproduction research is to attain continuous reproduction and enhance profitability in goat farming. Glutamate plays a crucial role as a modulator in several reproductive and metabolic processes. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of exogenous glutamate administration on serum insulin concentration and ovarian function during the out-of-season period in yearling goats. During the anestrous season, animals were randomly located in individual pens to form two experimental groups: (1) glutamate (n = 10, live weight (LW) = 29.1 ± 1.02 kg, body condition score (BCS) = 3.4 ± 0.2 units) and (2) control (n = 10; LW = 29.2 ± 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 ± 0.2), with no differences (p < 0.05) regarding LW and BCS. Then, goats were estrus-synchronized, and blood sampling was carried out for insulin quantification. Ovaries were ultrasonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AFs), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). The research outcomes support our working hypothesis. Certainly, our study confirms that those yearling goats treated with exogenous glutamate displayed the largest (p < 0.05) insulin concentrations across time as well as an augmented (p < 0.05) out-of-season ovarian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Luna-Garcia
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cesar A Meza-Herrera
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
| | - Carlos C Perez-Marin
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Jessica M Flores-Salas
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Corona
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neuroanatomia Funcional y Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Neurobiologia, UNAM, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Calderon-Leyva
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Francisco G Veliz-Deras
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Cayetano Navarrete-Molina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico
| | - Ruben I Marin-Tinoco
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico
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Litvak YV, Harapko T, Lytvak V, Foros AI. MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE PANCREAS OF MALE RATS AFTER PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE DURING THE RECOVERY PERIOD. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 75:3102-3108. [PMID: 36723334 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202212135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study changes in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas of rats after abolition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) administered in the diet. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: White male laboratory rats with a baseline weight of 120 ± 5 g were randomized into 3 groups: 1 - control, 2 - animals with daily feeding of 70 mg/ kg MSG for 8 weeks, 3 - abolition of MSG with transfer of animals to a standard diet and pancreatic examination after 8 weeks. We used histological studies with morphometric analysis and statistical processing of acini and acinar cell areas, Langerhans islets, connective tissue (according to Stolte M.) and adipose tissue. Preparations of pancreas were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and azan. RESULTS Results: The animals of groups 2 and 3 showed atrophic, degenerative and inflammatory disturbances in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas, which worsened after 8 weeks of MSG withdrawal (3 rd group). In the preparations, the Langerhans islets were of different shapes and sizes. Small islets predominated, as well as islets with low density of α- and β-cells, different capillary filling with blood and overgrowth of connective tissue in the capillary areas. The acinar cells and acini were reduced, and degenerative abnormalities were detected in the structures. CONCLUSION Conclusions: After daily administration of 70 mg/kg MSG for 8 weeks, atrophic and degenerative changes in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas were revealed. No recovery of pancreatic structures was observed 8 weeks after MSG withdrawal.
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Sanches JM, Zhao LN, Salehi A, Wollheim CB, Kaldis P. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the impact of altered metabolic interorgan crosstalk. FEBS J 2023; 290:620-648. [PMID: 34847289 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide, reducing the quality of life significantly, and results in grave consequences for our health care system. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), the lack of β-cell compensatory mechanisms overcoming peripherally developed insulin resistance is a paramount factor leading to disturbed blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism. Impaired β-cell functions and insulin resistance have been studied extensively resulting in a good understanding of these pathways but much less is known about interorgan crosstalk, which we define as signaling between tissues by secreted factors. Besides hormones and organokines, dysregulated blood glucose and long-lasting hyperglycemia in T2D is associated with changes in metabolism with metabolites from different tissues contributing to the development of this disease. Recent data suggest that metabolites, such as lipids including free fatty acids and amino acids, play important roles in the interorgan crosstalk during the development of T2D. In general, metabolic remodeling affects physiological homeostasis and impacts the development of T2D. Hence, we highlight the importance of metabolic interorgan crosstalk in this review to gain enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of T2D, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Panzer JK, Tamayo A, Caicedo A. Restoring glutamate receptor signaling in pancreatic alpha cells rescues glucagon responses in type 1 diabetes. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111792. [PMID: 36516761 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia. People with type 1 diabetes lose this glucoregulatory mechanism and are susceptible to dangerous hypoglycemia for reasons still unclear. Here we determine that alpha cells in living pancreas slices from donors with type 1 diabetes do not mount an adequate glucagon response and cannot activate the positive autocrine feedback mediated by AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors. This feedback is required to elicit full glucagon responses in the healthy state. Reactivating residual AMPA/kainate receptor function with positive allosteric modulators restores glucagon secretion in human slices from donors with type 1 diabetes as well as glucose counterregulation in non-obese diabetic mice. Our study thus identifies a defect in autocrine signaling that contributes to alpha cell failure. The use of positive allosteric modulators of AMPA/kainate receptors overcomes this deficiency and prevents hypoglycemia, an effect that could be used to improve the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Panzer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Alejandro Tamayo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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10
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Shegani A, Kealey S, Luzi F, Basagni F, Machado JDM, Ekici SD, Ferocino A, Gee AD, Bongarzone S. Radiosynthesis, Preclinical, and Clinical Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Carbon-11 Labeled Endogenous and Natural Exogenous Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 123:105-229. [PMID: 36399832 PMCID: PMC9837829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of positron emission tomography (PET) centers at most major hospitals worldwide, along with the improvement of PET scanner sensitivity and the introduction of total body PET systems, has increased the interest in the PET tracer development using the short-lived radionuclides carbon-11. In the last few decades, methodological improvements and fully automated modules have allowed the development of carbon-11 tracers for clinical use. Radiolabeling natural compounds with carbon-11 by substituting one of the backbone carbons with the radionuclide has provided important information on the biochemistry of the authentic compounds and increased the understanding of their in vivo behavior in healthy and diseased states. The number of endogenous and natural compounds essential for human life is staggering, ranging from simple alcohols to vitamins and peptides. This review collates all the carbon-11 radiolabeled endogenous and natural exogenous compounds synthesised to date, including essential information on their radiochemistry methodologies and preclinical and clinical studies in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Shegani
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kealey
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Luzi
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum−University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Joana do Mar Machado
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sevban Doğan Ekici
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ferocino
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antony D. Gee
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom,A.G.: email,
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom,S.B.:
email,
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11
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Chen WJ, Robledo C, Davis EM, Goodman JR, Xu C, Hwang J, Janitz AE, Garwe T, Calafat AM, Peck JD. Assessing urinary phenol and paraben mixtures in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113897. [PMID: 35839910 PMCID: PMC9514543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have identified the associations between environmental phenol and paraben exposures and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no study addressed these exposures as mixtures. As methods have emerged to better assess exposures to multiple chemicals, our study aimed to apply Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the association between phenol and paraben mixtures and GDM. This study included 64 GDM cases and 237 obstetric patient controls from the University of Oklahoma Medical Center. Mid-pregnancy spot urine samples were collected to quantify concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, butylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between individual chemical biomarkers and GDM while controlling for confounding. We used probit implementation of BKMR with hierarchical variable selection to estimate the mean difference in GDM probability for each component of the phenol and paraben mixtures while controlling for the correlation among the chemical biomarkers. When analyzing individual chemicals using logistic regression, benzophenone-3 was positively associated with GDM [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per interquartile range (IQR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15, 2.08], while BPA was negatively associated with GDM (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37, 0.99). In probit-BKMR analysis, an increase in z-score transformed log urinary concentrations of benzophenone-3 from the 10th to 90th percentile was associated with an increase in the estimated difference in the probability of GDM (0.67, 95% Credible Interval 0.04, 1.30), holding other chemicals fixed at their medians. No associations were identified between other chemical biomarkers and GDM in the BKMR analyses. We observed that the association of BPA and GDM was attenuated when accounting for correlated phenols and parabens, suggesting the importance of addressing chemical mixtures in perinatal environmental exposure studies. Additional prospective investigations will increase the understanding of the relationship between benzophenone-3 exposure and GDM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Candace Robledo
- Department of Population Health and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Erin M Davis
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jean R Goodman
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jooyeon Hwang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amanda E Janitz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tabitha Garwe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer D Peck
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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12
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Liu T, Wang D, Zhou X, Song J, Yang Z, Shi C, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yan J, Zhu X, Li Y, Gong M, Wang C, Yuan C, Cui Y, Wu X. Study on the mechanism of American ginseng extract for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960050. [PMID: 36120310 PMCID: PMC9479495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
American ginseng extract (AGE) is an efficient and low-toxic adjuvant for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the metabolic mechanisms of AGE against T2DM remain unknown. In this study, a rat model of T2DM was created and administered for 28 days. Their biological (body weight and serum biochemical indicators) and pathological (pancreatic sections stained with HE) information were collected for further pharmacodynamic evaluation. Moreover, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based (UHPLC–MS/MS–based) untargeted metabolomics method was used to identify potential biomarkers of serum samples from all rats and related metabolic pathways. The results indicated that body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), blood triglyceride concentration (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and impaired islet cells were significantly improved after the high dose of AGE (H_AGE) and metformin treatment. Metabolomics analysis identified 101 potential biomarkers among which 94 metabolites had an obvious callback. These potential biomarkers were mainly enriched in nine metabolic pathways linked to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Tryptophan metabolism and glutathione metabolism, as differential metabolic pathways between AGE and metformin for treating T2DM, were further explored. Further analysis of the aforementioned results suggested that the anti-T2DM effect of AGE was closely associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, immune response, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and T2DM-related complications. This study can provide powerful support for the systematic exploration of the mechanism of AGE against T2DM and a basis for the clinical diagnosis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chu Hisen-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zijun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiuxing Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuehui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chunsu Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Cui, ; Xiaohui Wu,
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Cui, ; Xiaohui Wu,
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13
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Chu YJ, Wang ML, Wang XB, Zhang XY, Liu LW, Shi YY, Zuo LH, Du SZ, Kang J, Li B, Cheng WB, Sun Z, Zhang XJ. Identifying quality markers of Mailuoshutong pill against thromboangiitis obliterans based on chinmedomics strategy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154313. [PMID: 35810519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mailuoshutong pill (MLSTP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO, Buerger's disease) which is a segmental non-atherosclerotic inflammatory occlusive disorder. However, the mechanism and quality standards of MLSTP have not been sufficiently studied. PURPOSE This work aims to investigate the potential mechanisms and quality markers (Q-markers) of MLSTP treating TAO based on the chinmedomics strategy. METHODS The therapeutical effect of MLSTP on TAO rats was evaluated by changes in body weight and clinical score, regional blood flow velocity and perfused blood vessel distribution, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, serum metabolic profile. Moreover, both endogenous metabolites and exogenous components were simultaneously detected in serum based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and multivariate analysis was applied to identify the biomarkers, as well as the dynamic changes of metabolites were observed to explore the mechanism of action of MLSTP. In addition, the pharmacodynamic material basis were identified by correlation analysis between biomarkers and absorbed constituents. Finally, the Q-markers of MLSTP were determined according to the screening principles of Q-marker and validated the measurability. RESULTS MLSTP treatment alleviated disease severity of TAO, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and ameliorated vascular function. 26 potential biomarkers associated with glutamate metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and so on were identified. Besides, 27 prototypical components were identified in serum, 16 of which were highly correlated with efficacy and could serve as the pharmacodynamic material basis of MLSTP against TAO. In addition, 7 compounds, namely, sweroside, chlorogenic acid, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin, paeoniflorin, liquiritigenin and 3-butylidenephthalide, were considered as potential Q-markers of MLSTP. Ultimately, the measurability of the seven Q-markers was validated by rapid identifcation and quantifcation. CONCLUSION This study successfully clarified the therapeutic effect and Q-markers of MLSTP by chinmedomics strategy, which is of great significance for the establishment of quality standards. Furthermore, it provides a certain reference for the screening of Q-markers in TCM prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Juan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Meng-Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Li-Hua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shu-Zhang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wen-Bo Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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14
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Lee CJ, Schnieders JH, Rubakhin SS, Patel AV, Liu C, Naji A, Sweedler JV. d-Amino Acids and Classical Neurotransmitters in Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes-Affected Human Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090799. [PMID: 36144204 PMCID: PMC9501506 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells that function as endocrine units synthesizing and releasing insulin and a range of additional peptide hormones. The structural and chemical characteristics of islets change during type 2 diabetes development. Although a range of metabolites including neurotransmitters has been reported in rodent islets, the involvement of these cell-to-cell signaling molecules within human pancreatic islets in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is not well known, despite studies suggesting that these molecules impact intra- and inter-islet signaling pathways. We characterize the enigmatic cell-to-cell signaling molecules, d-serine (d-Ser) and d-aspartate (d-Asp), along with multiple classical neurotransmitters and related molecules, in healthy versus type 2 diabetes-affected human islets using capillary electrophoresis separations. Significantly reduced d-Ser percentage and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were found in type 2 diabetes-affected islets compared to healthy islets. In addition, the negative correlations of many of the signaling molecules, such as d-Ser percentage (r = −0.35), d-Asp (r = −0.32), serotonin (r = −0.42), and GABA (r = −0.39) levels, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and thus with the progression of type 2 diabetes further demonstrate the disruption in intra- or inter-islet signaling pathways and suggest that these cell-to-cell signaling molecules may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jack H. Schnieders
- Department of Chemistry, The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amit V. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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El Tabbal J. Monosodium glutamate in a type 2 diabetes context: A large scoping review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105223. [PMID: 35817208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to map and elaborate the heterogenous and inconclusive body of evidence relating monosodium glutamate (MSG) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). For this reason, multiple health outcomes related to T2DM were included and a systematic search was conducted. Experimental and observational trials between 1995 and January 2021 were collected. The tests were highly heterogenous in their samples, doses, route of exposures, durations, diets and conclusions. There was a pattern of negative effects of MSG at oral doses ≥2,000 mg/kg of body weight, and by gavage or injection at any given dose. Evidence was lacking in many areas and most of the evidence relied on short term tests. Further research should focus on standardizing and justifying methodologies, conducting long term studies and toxicokinetic tests, and avoiding bias. Focusing on the gaps highlighted and investigating mechanisms of action of MSG is crucial. Evidence-based toxicology is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana El Tabbal
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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16
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Nabirotchkin S, Bouaziz J, Glibert F, Mandel J, Foucquier J, Hajj R, Callizot N, Cholet N, Guedj M, Cohen D. Combinational Drug Repurposing from Genetic Networks Applied to Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1585-1603. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human diseases are multi-factorial biological phenomena resulting from perturbations of numerous functional networks. The complex nature of human diseases explains frequently observed marginal or transitory efficacy of mono-therapeutic interventions. For this reason, combination therapy is being increasingly evaluated as a biologically plausible strategy for reversing disease state, fostering the development of dedicated methodological and experimental approaches. In parallel, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a prominent opportunity for disclosing human-specific therapeutic targets and rational drug repurposing. Objective: In this context, our objective was to elaborate an integrated computational platform to accelerate discovery and experimental validation of synergistic combinations of repurposed drugs for treatment of common human diseases. Methods: The proposed approach combines adapted statistical analysis of GWAS data, pathway-based functional annotation of genetic findings using gene set enrichment technique, computational reconstruction of signaling networks enriched in disease-associated genes, selection of candidate repurposed drugs and proof-of-concept combinational experimental screening. Results: It enables robust identification of signaling pathways enriched in disease susceptibility loci. Therapeutic targeting of the disease-associated signaling networks provides a reliable way for rational drug repurposing and rapid development of synergistic drug combinations for common human diseases. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach with an experiment application to Alzheimer’s disease.
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17
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Wang Z, Tang J, Jin E, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Han X, Liu J, Cheng Y, Hou J, Shi X, Qi H, Qian T, Yuan L, Hou X, Yin H, Liang J, Zhao M, Huang L, Qu J. Serum Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Potential Biomarkers of Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Asians. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:871291. [PMID: 35755823 PMCID: PMC9224596 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.871291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To reveal molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Asians and facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets through untargeted metabolomics. To determine the differences in serum metabolites and metabolic pathways between different stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and proliferative DR (PDR) and non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and identify differential metabolites between T2DM and DR (NPDR and PDR) patients. Methods: This prospective observational registration study described the differential metabolites between 45 T2DM patients and 15 control cases with no significant differences in clinical characteristics. Their biospecimens and clinical information were collected and recorded in their medical reports. DR phenotypes of the subjects were verified by retina specialists. Serum metabolites were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on serum samples from 15 T2DM patients, 15 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients, 15 proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients, and 15 diabetic controls. Discriminatory metabolic features were identified through partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and generalized linear regression models. Result: Through untargeted metabolomics, 931 features (523 in positive and 408 in negative modes) with 102 common metabolites highly relevant to the presence of DR were detected. In the adjusted analysis, 67 metabolic features differed significantly between T2DM and NPDR patients. Pathway analysis revealed alterations in metabolisms of amino acids and fatty acids. Glutamate, phosphatidylcholine, and 13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (13-PHODE) were key contributors to these pathway differences. A total of 171 features distinguished PDR patients from T2DM patients, and pathway analysis revealed alterations in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine, N-acetyl-l-glutamate, N-acetyl-l-aspartate, citrate, succinate, N-(L-arginino)succinate, 2-oxoglutarate, 13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, methionine, lysine, threonine, phenylalanine, N(pi)-methyl-l-histidine, phosphatidylcholine, and linoleate were major contributors to the pathway differences. Between NPDR patients and PDR patients, there were 79 significant differential metabolites. Enrichment pathway analysis showed changes in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis. Aspartate, glutamine, N-acetyl-l-glutamate, N-acetyl-l-aspartate, pantothenate, dihomo-gamma-linolenate, docosahexaenoic acid, and icosapentaenoic acid were key factors for the differences of these pathways. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the pathways of arginine biosynthesis metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, were dysregulated in DR patients of the Asian population. Increased levels of glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, N-acetyl-l-glutamate, and N-acetyl-l-aspartate and decreased levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenate, docosahexaenoic, and icosapentaenoic were considered as the metabolic profile that could distinguish PDR from NPDR in Asians. Phosphatidylcholine and 13-PHODE were identified as two major novel metabolite markers in advanced stages of DR in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyang Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Enzhong Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xianru Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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18
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Ježek P, Holendová B, Jabůrek M, Dlasková A, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Contribution of Mitochondria to Insulin Secretion by Various Secretagogues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:920-952. [PMID: 34180254 PMCID: PMC9125579 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria determine glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells by elevating ATP synthesis. As the metabolic and redox hub, mitochondria provide numerous links to the plasma membrane channels, insulin granule vesicles (IGVs), cell redox, NADH, NADPH, and Ca2+ homeostasis, all affecting insulin secretion. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial redox signaling was implicated in several modes of insulin secretion (branched-chain ketoacid [BCKA]-, fatty acid [FA]-stimulated). Mitochondrial Ca2+ influx was found to enhance GSIS, reflecting cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations induced by action potential spikes (intermittent opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ and K+ channels) or the superimposed Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) was reported to tune the glucose sensitivity range for GSIS. Mitochondrial protein kinase A was implicated in preventing the IF1-mediated inhibition of the ATP synthase. Critical Issues: It is unknown how the redox signal spreads up to the plasma membrane and what its targets are, what the differences in metabolic, redox, NADH/NADPH, and Ca2+ signaling, and homeostasis are between the first and second GSIS phase, and whether mitochondria can replace ER in the amplification of IGV exocytosis. Future Directions: Metabolomics studies performed to distinguish between the mitochondrial matrix and cytosolic metabolites will elucidate further details. Identifying the targets of cell signaling into mitochondria and of mitochondrial retrograde metabolic and redox signals to the cell will uncover further molecular mechanisms for insulin secretion stimulated by glucose, BCKAs, and FAs, and the amplification of secretion by glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and metabotropic receptors. They will identify the distinction between the hub β-cells and their followers in intact and diabetic states. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 920-952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Zmazek J, Grubelnik V, Markovič R, Marhl M. Modeling the Amino Acid Effect on Glucagon Secretion from Pancreatic Alpha Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040348. [PMID: 35448534 PMCID: PMC9028923 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a burdensome problem in modern society, and intensive research is focused on better understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms of hormone secretion for blood glucose regulation. T2DM is a bi-hormonal disease, and in addition to 100 years of increasing knowledge about the importance of insulin, the second hormone glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, is becoming increasingly important. We have developed a mathematical model for glucagon secretion that incorporates all major metabolic processes of glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine as the most abundant postprandial amino acid in blood. In addition, we consider cAMP signaling in alpha cells. The model predictions quantitatively estimate the relative importance of specific metabolic and signaling pathways and particularly emphasize the important role of glutamine in promoting glucagon secretion, which is in good agreement with known experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zmazek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Grubelnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Rene Markovič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.Z.); (R.M.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Marko Marhl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.Z.); (R.M.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhang F, Li DX, Lu DY, Lu YF, Zhang R, Zhao LL, Ji S, Guo MZ, Du Y, Tang DQ. Analysis of plasma free amino acids in diabetic rat and the intervention of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1196:123230. [PMID: 35349934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are important metabolites that are related with diabetes. However, their roles in the initiation and development of diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in the treatment of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (GBE) have not been fully explored. Thus, we investigated the roles that AAs played in the progression and GBE supplementation of DM rat induced by streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into a normal control group treated with drug-free solution, a normal control group treated with GBE, a DM group treated with drug-free solution, and DM group treated with GBE; and maintained on this protocol for 9 weeks. Rat plasma was collected from the sixth week to the ninth week and then analyzed with the optimized hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method. A total of 17 AAs with differential levels were monitored to indicate dysfunction of AAs metabolism to confirm the occurrence and development of DM. Treatment with GBE partially reversed the changes seen in seven AAs including leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, asparagines, lysine and alanine in DM rats, indicating that GBE could prevent the occurrence and development of DM by acting on AAs metabolism. The improvement of those AAs metabolism disorders may play a considerable role in the treatment of GBE on the occurrence and development of DM. Those findings potentially promote the understanding of the pathogenic progression of DM and reveal the therapeutic mechanism of GBE against DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- The Second Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital, Suining, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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21
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Gresch A, Noguera Hurtado H, Wörmeyer L, De Luca V, Wiggers R, Seebohm G, Wünsch B, Düfer M. Selective Inhibition of NMDA receptors with GluN2B subunit protects beta cells against stress-induced apoptotic cell death. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:235-244. [PMID: 34593560 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the failure of pancreatic beta cells during development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is discussed. Our study investigates whether beta cell mass and function can be preserved by selectively addressing the GluN2B subunit of the NMDAR. NMDAR activation by NMDA and its co-agonist glycine moderately influenced electrical activity and Ca2+ handling in islet cells at a threshold glucose concentration (4-5 mM) without affecting glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exposure of islet cells to NMDA/glycine or a glucolipotoxic milieu increased apoptosis by 5 and 8 %, respectively. The GluN2B-specific NMDAR antagonist WMS-1410 (0.1 and 1 µM) partly protected against this. In addition, WMS-1410 completely prevented the decrease in insulin secretion of about 32 % provoked by a 24-h-treatment with NMDA/glycine. WMS-1410 eliminated NMDA-induced changes in the oxidation status of the islet cells and elevated the sensitivity of intracellular calcium to 15 mM glucose. By contrast, WMS-1410 did not prevent the decline in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion occurring after glucolipotoxic culture. This lack of effect was due to a decrease in insulin content to 18 % that obviously could not be compensated by the preservation of cell mass or the higher percentage of insulin release in relation to insulin content. In conclusion, the negative effects of permanent NMDAR activation were effectively counteracted by WMS-1410 as well as the apoptotic cell death induced by high glucose and lipid concentrations. Modulation of NMDARs containing the GluN2B subunit is suggested to preserve beta cell mass during development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Significance Statement Addressing NMDA receptors containing the GluN2B subunit in pancreatic islet cells has the potential to protect the beta cell mass that progressively declines during the development of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this study shows that harmful effects of permanent NMDAR activation can be effectively counteracted by the compound WMS-1410, a selective modulator for NMDARs containing the GluN2B subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gresch
- Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Germany
| | | | - Laura Wörmeyer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Vivien De Luca
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wiggers
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
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22
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Germanos M, Gao A, Taper M, Yau B, Kebede MA. Inside the Insulin Secretory Granule. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080515. [PMID: 34436456 PMCID: PMC8401130 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell is purpose-built for the production and secretion of insulin, the only hormone that can remove glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin is kept inside miniature membrane-bound storage compartments known as secretory granules (SGs), and these specialized organelles can readily fuse with the plasma membrane upon cellular stimulation to release insulin. Insulin is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a biologically inactive precursor, proinsulin, along with several other proteins that will also become members of the insulin SG. Their coordinated synthesis enables synchronized transit through the ER and Golgi apparatus for congregation at the trans-Golgi network, the initiating site of SG biogenesis. Here, proinsulin and its constituents enter the SG where conditions are optimized for proinsulin processing into insulin and subsequent insulin storage. A healthy β-cell is continually generating SGs to supply insulin in vast excess to what is secreted. Conversely, in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the inability of failing β-cells to secrete may be due to the limited biosynthesis of new insulin. Factors that drive the formation and maturation of SGs and thus the production of insulin are therefore critical for systemic glucose control. Here, we detail the formative hours of the insulin SG from the luminal perspective. We do this by mapping the journey of individual members of the SG as they contribute to its genesis.
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23
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Ježek P, Holendová B, Jabůrek M, Tauber J, Dlasková A, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. The Pancreatic β-Cell: The Perfect Redox System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020197. [PMID: 33572903 PMCID: PMC7912581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, which responds to various secretagogues and hormonal regulations, is reviewed here, emphasizing the fundamental redox signaling by NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated H2O2 production for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). There is a logical summation that integrates both metabolic plus redox homeostasis because the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) can only be closed when both ATP and H2O2 are elevated. Otherwise ATP would block KATP, while H2O2 would activate any of the redox-sensitive nonspecific calcium channels (NSCCs), such as TRPM2. Notably, a 100%-closed KATP ensemble is insufficient to reach the -50 mV threshold plasma membrane depolarization required for the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Open synergic NSCCs or Cl- channels have to act simultaneously to reach this threshold. The resulting intermittent cytosolic Ca2+-increases lead to the pulsatile exocytosis of insulin granule vesicles (IGVs). The incretin (e.g., GLP-1) amplification of GSIS stems from receptor signaling leading to activating the phosphorylation of TRPM channels and effects on other channels to intensify integral Ca2+-influx (fortified by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+). ATP plus H2O2 are also required for branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs); and partly for fatty acids (FAs) to secrete insulin, while BCKA or FA β-oxidation provide redox signaling from mitochondria, which proceeds by H2O2 diffusion or hypothetical SH relay via peroxiredoxin "redox kiss" to target proteins.
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24
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Gao R, Yang T, Zhang Q. δ-Cells: The Neighborhood Watch in the Islet Community. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020074. [PMID: 33494193 PMCID: PMC7909827 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin-secreting δ-cells have aroused great attention due to their powerful roles in coordination of islet insulin and glucagon secretion and maintenance of glucose homeostasis. δ-cells exhibit neuron-like morphology with projections which enable pan-islet somatostatin paracrine regulation despite their scarcity in the islets. The expression of a range of hormone and neurotransmitter receptors allows δ-cells to integrate paracrine, endocrine, neural and nutritional inputs, and provide rapid and precise feedback modulations on glucagon and insulin secretion from α- and β-cells, respectively. Interestingly, the paracrine tone of δ-cells can be effectively modified in response to factors released by neighboring cells in this interactive communication, such as insulin, urocortin 3 and γ-aminobutyric acid from β-cells, glucagon, glutamate and glucagon-like peptide-1 from α-cells. In the setting of diabetes, defects in δ-cell function lead to suboptimal insulin and glucagon outputs and lift the glycemic set-point. The interaction of δ-cells and non-δ-cells also becomes defective in diabetes, with reduces paracrine feedback to β-cells to exacerbate hyperglycemia or enhanced inhibition of α-cells, disabling counter-regulation, to cause hypoglycemia. Thus, it is possible to restore/optimize islet function in diabetes targeting somatostatin signaling, which could open novel avenues for the development of effective diabetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK;
- Correspondence:
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