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Khan AU, Shah A, Majeed MT, Ahmad S. Predictors of quitting smoking behavior: evidence from Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32920-y. [PMID: 38619768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study attempts to identify factors that significantly encourage the cessation of smoking in the context of Pakistan. The study distributes a modified questionnaire among 421 respondents (current as well as former smokers) in the capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad. The binary regression method was employed to data for analyzing predictors of making quit attempts and successful smoking cessation. The result indicates that respondents having strong intentions to quit, high socioeconomic status, low nicotine dependency, and past quit attempts, and those having no-smoking friends, are more likely to quit cigarette smoking successfully. On the other hand, factors like social pressure to quit smoking, religious information against smoking, intention to quit smoking, and public regulation on smoking are more likely to encourage smokers to make quit attempts. The study calls for community and school-wide smoking cessation campaigns involving officials, peers and parents, religious leaders, and other influential individuals to inform people about the dangers of smoking. In addition, religious leaders should be encouraged to issue rulings against smoking especially during "Friday Prayer." Furthermore, the government should pronounce more strict and comprehensive regulations on smoking by properly monitoring its implementation to encourage cessation of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assad Ullah Khan
- School of Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Shah
- School of Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sareer Ahmad
- School of Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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2
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Hill TD, Bostean G, Upenieks L, Bartkowski JP, Ellison CG, Burdette AM. (Un)holy Smokes? Religion and Traditional and E-Cigarette Use in the United States. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:1334-1359. [PMID: 36520262 PMCID: PMC9753896 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study employed national cross-sectional survey data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (n = 1578 to 1735) to model traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of religious affiliation, general religiosity, biblical literalism, religious struggles, and the sense of divine control. Although the odds of abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes were comparable for conservative Protestants and non-affiliates, conservative Protestants were more likely to cut down on cigarettes and e-cigarettes during the pandemic. Religiosity increased the odds of abstaining from cigarettes (not e-cigarettes) and reduced pandemic consumption of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Biblical literalism was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and pandemic changes in cigarette use; however, biblical literalists were more likely to cut e-cigarette use during the pandemic. While the sense of divine control was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes, these beliefs increased the odds of cessation from traditional and e-cigarette use. Finally, our religious struggles index was unrelated to smoking behavior. Our study is among the first to report any association between religion and lower e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence D. Hill
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-1644 USA
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, USA
| | | | - John P. Bartkowski
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Amy M. Burdette
- Department of Sociology and Public Health Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
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Ogbodo SC, Onyekwum CA. Social determinants of health, religiosity, and tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from the global adult tobacco surveys in seven countries. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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4
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Hill TD, Bostean G, Upenieks L, Bartkowski JP, Ellison CG, Burdette AM. (Un)holy Smokes? Religion and Traditional and E-Cigarette Use in the United States. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 62:906-931. [PMID: 36520262 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study employed national cross-sectional survey data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (n = 1578 to 1735) to model traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of religious affiliation, general religiosity, biblical literalism, religious struggles, and the sense of divine control. Although the odds of abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes were comparable for conservative Protestants and non-affiliates, conservative Protestants were more likely to cut down on cigarettes and e-cigarettes during the pandemic. Religiosity increased the odds of abstaining from cigarettes (not e-cigarettes) and reduced pandemic consumption of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Biblical literalism was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and pandemic changes in cigarette use; however, biblical literalists were more likely to cut e-cigarette use during the pandemic. While the sense of divine control was unrelated to abstaining from cigarettes and e-cigarettes, these beliefs increased the odds of cessation from traditional and e-cigarette use. Finally, our religious struggles index was unrelated to smoking behavior. Our study is among the first to report any association between religion and lower e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence D Hill
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-1644, USA.
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, USA
| | | | - John P Bartkowski
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Amy M Burdette
- Department of Sociology and Public Health Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
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Peprah P, Agyemang-Duah W, Gyamfi N, Asare BYA, Boateng D, Appiah JO, Adu C. Cigarette smoking during breastfeeding in Papua New Guinea: Prevalence and demographic and socio-economic predictors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278373. [PMID: 36454927 PMCID: PMC9714934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking during breastfeeding is reported to contribute to significant changes in the composition of breast milk not only by reducing its protective features but also affecting infants' response to breastfeeding and breast milk. However, studies on the prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated factors during breastfeeding are limited in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study estimates the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its association with demographic and economic factors among breastfeeding women in PNG. METHODS We used weighted survey data from the 2016-2018 PNG Demographic and Health Survey (PNGDHS). A weighted sample of 3,822 women who were breastfeeding during the survey were included in the study. The outcome variable in the present study is current cigarette smoking. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between current cigarette smoking status and socio-demographic and economic variables of breastfeeding women. The regression analysis results were reported using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From the weighted sample, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among breastfeeding women was 21.9%; of which 60.8% smoked daily. The mean number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours preceding the survey was 6.05(SD = 5.99). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that breastfeeding women who were from the Momase (aOR: 2.337, CI: 1.786-3.058, p<0.001) and Highlands (AOR: 1.589, CI: 1.213-2.082, p = 0.001), had no religious affiliation (aOR: 3.665, CI: 1.235-10.877, p = 0.019), and households with daughters as household heads (aOR: 1.901, CI: 1.231-2.935, p = 0.004) and being in more than one union (aOR: 2.374, CI: 1.805-3.123, p<0.001) were significantly more likely to smoke cigarette compared to women from southern region, those affiliated to Anglican church, those with husband as household heads, and being in one union respectively. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking among breastfeeding women in PNG is relatively high, and region of residence, religion, relationship to household head, and the number of unions remain independent predictors. Interventions should target the individual socio-economic and cultural contexts within which breastfeeding occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Naomi Gyamfi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Applied of Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dickson Boateng
- Department of Geography, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterniary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Jackson C, Al Azdi Z, Kellar I, Mdege ND, Fairhurst C, Ferdous T, Hewitt C, Huque R, Marshall AM, Semple S, Sheikh A, Siddiqi K. "Everything the hujur tells is very educative but if I cannot apply those in my own life then there is no meaning": a mixed-methods process evaluation of a smoke-free homes intervention in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1889. [PMID: 36221089 PMCID: PMC9552417 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke exposure from tobacco significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. A cluster RCT in Bangladesh compared a community-based smoke-free home (SFH) intervention delivered in mosques, with or without indoor air quality (IAQ) feedback to households to no intervention. Neither was effective nor cost-effective compared to no intervention using an objective measure of second-hand smoke. This paper presents the process evaluation embedded within the trial and seeks to understand this. METHODS A mixed method process evaluation comprising interviews with 30 household leads and six imams (prayer leader in mosque), brief questionnaire completed by 900 household leads (75% response), fidelity assessment of intervention delivery in six (20%) mosques and research team records. Data were triangulated using meta-themes informed by three process evaluation functions: implementation, mechanisms of impact and context. RESULTS IMPLEMENTATION: Frequency of SFH intervention delivery was judged moderate to good. However there were mixed levels of intervention fidelity and poor reach. Linked Ayahs (verses of the Qur'an) with health messages targeting SHS attitudes were most often fully implemented and had greatest reach (along with those targeting social norms). Frequency and reach of the IAQ feedback were good. MECHANISMS OF IMPACT Both interventions had good acceptability. However, views on usefulness of the interventions in creating a SFH were mixed. Individual drivers to behaviour change were new SFH knowledge with corresponding positive attitudes, social norms and intentions. Individual barriers were a lack of self-efficacy and plans. CONTEXT Social context drivers to SFH intervention implementation in mosques were in place and important. No context barriers to implementation were reported. Social context drivers to SHS behaviour change were children's requests. Barriers were women's reluctance to ask men to smoke outside alongside general reluctance to request this of visitors. (Not) having somewhere to smoke outside was a physical context (barrier) and driver. CONCLUSIONS Despite detailed development and adaption work with relevant stakeholders, the SFH intervention and IAQ feedback became educational interventions that were motivational but insufficient to overcome significant context barriers to reduce objectively measured SHS exposure in the home. Future interventions could usefully incorporate practical support for SFH behaviour change. Moreover, embedding these into community wide strategies that include practical cessation support and enforcement of SFH legislation is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN49975452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cath Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
- Valid Research Ltd, Wetherby, UK.
| | | | - Ian Kellar
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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Li SD, Lu J, Chen Y. The Relationship between Christian Religiosity and Adolescent Substance Use in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11233. [PMID: 36141506 PMCID: PMC9517101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abundant research has shown that Christian religiosity inhibits adolescent substance use, especially in communities where most of the population shares the same religious values and beliefs. Due to the lack of empirical research, it is unclear if Christian religiosity has the same inhibitory influence in predominantly secular and religiously diverse societies. This study aims to bridge this gap and thereby improve our understanding of the relationship between Christian religiosity and delinquent behavior in different cultural contexts. Through the analysis of survey data collected from a large probability sample of adolescents in China's special administrative region of Macau, this study found a strong inverse relationship between Christian religiosity and adolescent substance use, despite the predominantly secular nature of Macau society. In contrast, religious commitment among non-Christian youths showed no relationship with substance use. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiyi Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-8609-0226
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Oh S, Kim JH, Cho KH, Kim MC, Sim DS, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH. Religious Affiliations and Clinical Outcomes in Korean Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:835969. [PMID: 35402569 PMCID: PMC8984284 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.835969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although religion is expected to have a direct or indirect effect on various aspects of human life, information on the association between religion and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is inadequate. Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical effect of religion on clinical outcomes in patients with AMI. Methods A total of 2,348 patients with AMI who were treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in the study, and they were categorized into two groups depending on their religious belief: religious and non-religious groups. The characteristics and clinical outcomes of both groups were compared. Results Compared with the religious group, the non-religious group was younger, included mostly men, was more likely to smoke, and was more likely to be diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, the non-religious group was less likely to have a history of hypertension and tended to receive PCI more quickly with shorter door-to-balloon time. Regarding 1-year clinical outcomes, no differences were found between the two groups. Conclusion Despite a growing body of evidence that religious activities have positive effects on human physical health, our results showed a lack of significant differences in 1-year clinical outcomes in patients with AMI irrespective of their religious beliefs.
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Li LMW, Lou X, Bond MH. Societal Emphasis on Religious Faith as a Cultural Context for Shaping the Social-Psychological Relationships Between Personal Religiosity and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221079875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
How does a society’s religious context affect the relationships between personal religiosity and well-being? To explore this question, we used two measures of personal religiosity, the absolute importance of religion, and the importance of religion relative to the importance of six life domains, viz., family, friends, work, politics, leisure, and religion. To test the generalizability of relationships between these two measures of personal religiosity and well-being, we tested them across representative samples of 66,992 persons from 47 societies varying in their emphasis on socializing children for religious faith. Pan-societally, personal religiosity predicted many of the five well-being measures including satisfaction with life, happiness, subjective health, trust of strangers, and trust of known others, but in opposite directions depending on whether the absolute or the relative importance of personal religiosity was used. Controlling for wealth, a societal emphasis on socializing children for religious faith moderated the links of personal religiosity with happiness, trust of strangers, and trust of known others, but most evidence revealed that a societal emphasis on religious faith attenuated the strength of these linkages. We argue that measuring an individual’s religiosity in the context of their daily living yields a more realistic view of religion’s role in personal life and social living and suggest that there are both personal and social costs for investing strongly in religion relative to other domains of daily life. Societal religious context must also be assessed to provide a more nuanced understanding of personal religiosity and its associated correlates.
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Olufayo OE, Ajayi IO, Ngene SO. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:98-106. [PMID: 36043679 PMCID: PMC10005463 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0998.11052022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, there is substantial evidence that modifiable risk factors for CVD are increasing in adolescents. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and clustering of these risk factors in adolescents. OBJECTIVES This study explores the modifiable risk factors for CVD among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS A total of 546 newly admitted students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from study participants between January and February 2016. RESULTS The mean age of respondents was 19 ± 2.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The reported risk factors for CVD were smoking (1.6%), abdominal obesity (3.3%), alcohol consumption (3.7%), overweight/obesity (20.7%), unhealthy diet (85.3%), and physical inactivity (94.5%). Clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was reported in 23.4% of students. Female students were twice as probably overweight/obese as male students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-3.43). Students whose fathers were skilled workers were 3.5 times more likely to be physically inactive (AOR = 1.7; CI = 0.97-2.96). The clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was significantly higher among women and Muslims in bivariate analysis, whereas no significant association was found in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Public health strategies to prevent CVD risk factors should begin in schools and extend to the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Ebenezer Olufayo
- MD, MSc. Post-Master's Student, Department of Epidemiology and
Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Nigeria
| | - Ikeoluwapo Oyeneye Ajayi
- MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Medical
Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Medical
Consultant, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced
Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Osobuchi Ngene
- MD, MPH. Research Coordinator, Department of Epidemiology and
Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;
Research Office, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery,
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Batsikoura M, Zyga S, Tzavella F, Sachlas A, Rojas Gil AP. Anxiety Status and Coping Strategies in Association with Sociodemographic Factors, Dietary and Lifestyle Habits in Greece. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:152-160. [PMID: 34880927 PMCID: PMC8595982 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional habits, lifestyle, anxiety, and coping strategies. Background: Anxiety is an underestimated and often undiagnosed subclinical disorder that burdens the general public of modern societies and increases illness suscentibility. Methods: The study group consisted of 693 individuals living in Peloponnese, Greece. A standardized questionnaire that consists of the dietary habits and lifestyle questionnaire, the trait Anxiety STAI-X-2 questionnaire and the brief-COPE questionnaire, was used. Principal components analysis identified the factors from the questionnaires, and stepwise multivariate regression analysis investigated their relationships. Results: Weekly consumption of fruits, tomatoes, salads and lettuce, together with Εmotional/Ιnstrumental support, Denial/Behavioural disengagement, substance use and self-blame, was the most important predictors of anxiety scores. Positive reframing/Humour and Acceptance/Planning are also associated with the Positive STAI factor and decreased anxiety scores. Conclusion: Healthy nutritional habits, comprised of consumption of salads and fruits, together with adaptive coping strategies, such as Positive reframing/Humour and Active problem solving, may provide the most profound improvement in the anxiety levels of a healthy population in Peloponnese, Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Batsikoura
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Sofia Zyga
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Foteini Tzavella
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Integrated Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Athanasios Sachlas
- Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, University of Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
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Rios LE, Freire MDCM. Religiosity is Associated with Motivation to Start and Stop Smoking Among Adolescent Students in Brazil. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:4467-4479. [PMID: 33909196 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate associations between adolescents' religiosity and their motivation to start and stop smoking. A school survey was carried out in Midwestern Brazil. Participants were never-smokers (n = 2073) and smokers (n = 116) aged 13-19 who answered a questionnaire. Religiosity was measured with the Duke Religion Index, and motivation with questions based on the Prime Theory of Motivation. Organizational, non-organizational, and intrinsic religiosity were associated with motivation to start smoking among never-smokers. Intrinsic religiosity was associated with smokers' motivation to quit. Findings indicate the protective role of religiosity in the motivational system that prompts smoking initiation and cessation during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Essado Rios
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Ave Universitária, s/n, Goiânia, GO, 74605-020, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology (IFG), Ave Universitária, s/n, Inhumas, GO, 75402-556, Brazil.
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Orr J, Ward M, Kenny RA, McGarrigle CA. Mini-mental state examination trajectories after age 50 by religious affiliation and practice in Ireland. Eur J Ageing 2021; 18:565-574. [PMID: 34790085 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Religious attendance is sometimes associated with better health outcomes, although the link between religion and cognitive ageing is inconclusive. We aimed to assess differences in cognitive performance trajectories by religious affiliation and religious attendance. We further sought to test possible mechanisms for an association.Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative study of the over 50 s population in Ireland, was used. We identified latent class trajectories of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance over five waves using Latent Growth Class Analysis (LGCA) on data from 7325 individuals. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of membership to each trajectory class by religious affiliation or non-affiliation, and by religious attendance and importance. Finally, we tested possible behavioural, psychological and social mechanisms. LGCA identified three trajectory classes, a 'high start' class, a 'medium start' class and a 'low start' class. There were no differences in class membership by religious affiliation or non-affiliation. Women who attended religious services were less likely to be in the low declining MMSE class. This effect was mediated by depressive symptoms, social network and smoking. Women who said religion was very important were more likely to be in the medium performing class, and this was not mediated. The cognitive trajectories of the over 50 s in Ireland vary. Variation was not influenced by religious affiliation. Religious attendance and importance had mixed effects on women's cognition trajectories. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-020-00597-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Orr
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Cartwright K. Delivered from the Temptation of Smoking: An Examination of Religion and Health Behaviors of New US Immigrants. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1739-1759. [PMID: 31154592 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to contribute to the literature on smoking, religion, and health, by analyzing the associations between smoking and health of a sample of US immigrants, who represent many religions, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds. Immigrants to the USA have better health outcomes than their native-born peers. This paper asserts that the pattern of smoking, influenced by immigrants' religion and religiosity, is key to understanding this phenomenon. This study investigates the relationship between religion and health of new legal immigrants to the USA by analyzing the New Immigrant Survey. The findings suggest that there is a protective relationship between immigrant religion and smoking patterns, both in likelihood of having ever smoked and in quitting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Cartwright
- School of Public Administration, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC05 3100, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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15
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Gillum RF. Frequency of Attendance at Religious Services and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1760-1765. [PMID: 33389437 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with increased risk of disease and death. Reports on ETS and religion are lacking. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to test this association. In 4,712 nonsmokers, serum cotinine level of 0.05-3.99 ng/mL indicated ETS exposure. Frequency of attendance at religious services was categorized as > = weekly or less. In bivariate analysis, ETS exposure occurred in 28.6% of those with > = weekly attendance but 36.4% of less frequent attenders (p = 0.0004). In logistic regression controlling for multiple confounders OR = 0.72, 95%CI 0.61-0.85. ETS exposure was negatively associated with religion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Frank Gillum
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, 1112 Nora Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20904, USA.
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Borges M, Lucchetti G, Leão FC, Vallada H, Peres MFP. Religious Affiliations Influence Health-Related and General Decision Making: A Brazilian Nationwide Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062873. [PMID: 33799740 PMCID: PMC8001914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of the world's population is involved in some spiritual/religious practice, and this dimension has a relevant role in life. Many studies demonstrate the associations between spirituality/religiosity (S/R), and physical, mental, and social health. Systematic reviews have indicated positive associations; however, the mechanisms behind religious coping are not fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the role of religious affiliation in general (ordinary) and health-related decisions. A nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil using a self-administered online survey. How much religious affiliation influences decision making was investigated. A total of 1133 participants were included, who were classified as Catholics (43.9%), Evangelicals (18.7%), spiritualists (12.8%), non-religious (11.9%), and others (12.7%). Most participants (66.5%) believed that their religious affiliations had moderate to high influences on their decisions. Participants rated the influence as high in marriage (62.7%), in donations (60.1%), in volunteering (55%), in friendships (53.9%), and in work (50.5%). Concerning health-related decisions, the influence was rated as high in drug use (45.2%), in accepting medical recommendations (45%), and in smoking (43.2%). The influence of religious affiliation on general decision making was significantly correlated for dietary restrictions (r = 0.462), alcohol consumption (r = 0.458), drug use (r = 0.441), tobacco consumption (r = 0.456), and refusal of medical recommendations (r = 0.314). Improving the understanding of how a patient's beliefs, practices, and experiences affect their health may help healthcare practitioners to take into account religious considerations, not only regarding influences on habits but also regarding adherence to medical treatment advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Borges
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (F.C.L.); (H.V.); (M.F.P.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, Brazil;
| | - Frederico C. Leão
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (F.C.L.); (H.V.); (M.F.P.P.)
| | - Homero Vallada
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (F.C.L.); (H.V.); (M.F.P.P.)
- Departamento & Instituto de Psiquiatria (LIM-23) HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Mario F. P. Peres
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (F.C.L.); (H.V.); (M.F.P.P.)
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
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Bahramnejad A, Iranpour A, Nakhaee N. Gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Southeast Iran. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 33:437-443. [PMID: 32549159 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Risk-taking behaviors among adolescents can negatively affect different dimensions of their health. This study was conducted to identify the gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in a Muslim population. METHODS Grade 10 students studying in high schools located in Kerman Province, Iran were enrolled through cluster sampling (n=2,676), and data were collected using a well-validated questionnaire about violence, sexual behaviors, and traffic-related conduct over the past 12 months. The tool also consisted questions regarding drug use over the past 30 days and over lifetime (i. e., current and ever use of drugs, respectively). RESULTS The number of female participants was 1,407 (52.6%). The boys who had girlfriends (33.0%) were almost twice as many as the girls who had boyfriends (17.1%). Among the respondents, 27.8 and 12.0% of the boys and girls engaged in physical fighting, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of water pipe use in the last 30 days (18.7%) and over lifetime (43.5%) was higher than that of the consumption of other substances. The second and third most popular substances used in the past 30 days among boys and girls were alcohol and cigarettes and cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. On the whole, marijuana figured in the lowest lifetime use among the respondents. CONCLUSIONS The rate of risk-taking behaviors in female students was lower than in males, and this difference was more evident than in Western countries. This discrepancy seems to be more obvious in cases where the religious prohibition of a behavior is greater such as extramarital intimacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahramnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abedin Iranpour
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Alturki K, Hamza A, Walton P. Islam and Motivation to Quit Smoking: Public Health Policy Implications. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:1175-1188. [PMID: 29948792 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office some 14 years ago, a 'religiously inspired approach' was proposed to combat tobacco use. This promoted a useful debate in the region. The purpose of this paper is to argue the need to identify the role which Islamic beliefs and teachings play (1) in influencing individual motivation to quit smoking and (2) in gaining support for public policies to reduce smoking. Ramadan and Hajj are taken as key points. These, it is argued, are times when Muslim religious motivation to abstain from smoking is strongest. This paper concludes that there is an insufficient evidence base on which to adopt a religiously inspired approach. All of civil society, including religious Muslim authorities, should rather supplement the efforts of health professionals to encourage smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alturki
- Medical Services Department (MSD), PO Box 395839, Riyadh, 11375, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hamza
- Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, PO Box 844228, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Walton
- Edificio Itamaraty, Rua Luis Pasteur, Monte Castelo, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
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Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Nigerian Nurses' Engagement in Health Promoting Behaviors: A Socio-Ecological Model Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041314. [PMID: 32085607 PMCID: PMC7068510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nurses make up the single largest healthcare professional group in the Nigerian healthcare system. As frontline healthcare providers, they promote healthy lifestyles to patients and families. However, the determinants of Nigerian nurses’ personal health promoting behaviors (HPBs) remain unknown. Utilizing the socio-ecological model (SEM) approach, this study aimed to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers to Nigerian nurses’ engagement in HPBs. HPBs were operationalized to comprise of healthy dietary behaviors, engagement in physical activity, low-risk alcohol consumption, and non-smoking behaviors. Our study was carried out in a large sub-urban tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Data collection was via face-to-face semi-structured interviews and participants were registered nurses (n = 18). Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically to produce nine themes that were mapped onto corresponding levels of influence on the SEM. Findings show that in Nigeria, nurses perceive there to be a lack of organizational and policy level initiatives and interventions to facilitate their engagement in HPBs. The determinants of Nigerian nurses’ HPBs span across all five levels of the SEM. Nurses perceived more barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors than facilitators. Engagement in healthy behaviors was heavily influenced by: societal and organizational infrastructure and perceived value for public health; job-related factors such as occupational stress, high workload, lack of protected breaks, and shift-work; cultural and religious beliefs; financial issues; and health-related knowledge. Organizations should provide facilities and services to support healthy lifestyle choices in Nigeria nurses. Government policies should prioritize the promotion of health through the workplace setting, by advocating the development, implementation, regulation, and monitoring of healthy lifestyle policies.
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Sarkar S, Chawla N, Dayal P. Smoking and tobacco use cessation in the elderly. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_23_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hussain M, Walker C, Moon G. Smoking and Religion: Untangling Associations Using English Survey Data. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:2263-2276. [PMID: 28667475 PMCID: PMC6842333 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
While factors affecting smoking are well documented, the role of religion has received little attention. This national study aims to assess the extent to which religious affiliation is associated with current-smoking and ever-smoking, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Variations between adult and youth populations are examined using secondary analysis of individual-level data from 5 years of the Health Survey for England for adult (aged >20, n = 39,837) and youth (aged 16-20, n = 2355) samples. Crude prevalence statistics are contrasted with binary logistic models for current-smoking and ever-smoking in the adult and youth samples. Analyses suggest that Muslims smoke substantially less than Christians. Highest levels of smoking characterise people not professing any religion. Associations between smoking and the Muslim religion attenuate to statistical insignificance in the face of ethnic and socio-economic factors. An association between smoking and the absence of a religious affiliation is sustained. An understanding of the association between smoking and religion is essential to the development of tobacco control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Walker
- Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Moon
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK.
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Kaplan B, Hardesty JJ, Martini S, Megatsari H, Kennedy RD, Cohen JE. The Effectiveness of Cigarette Pack Health Warning Labels with Religious Messages in an Urban Setting in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214287. [PMID: 31694236 PMCID: PMC6862042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to assess the effectiveness of religious cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) in Indonesia, a country with a high public health burden from tobacco use. The study tested different religious and nonreligious messages related to suicide, secondhand smoke (SHS) and gangrene. Participants were smokers and non-smokers from Surabaya, Indonesia (n = 817). Participants rated each HWL for its effectiveness on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = “not at all”, 10 = “extremely”) with respect to 10 items. Nonreligious HWLs were marginally superior for SHS and suicide while religious HWLs were marginally superior for gangrene. Given the close rating scores between religious and nonreligious HWLs, they were functionally equal in effectiveness. With proper assessment of potential unintended consequences, the implementation of religious HWLs could be considered for a proportion of HWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Kaplan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-614-5378
| | - Jeffrey J. Hardesty
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Santi Martini
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Hario Megatsari
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ryan D. Kennedy
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joanna E. Cohen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Commodore-Mensah Y, Turkson-Ocran RA, Nmezi NA, Nkimbeng M, Cudjoe J, Mensah DS, York S, Mossburg S, Patel N, Adu E, Cortez J, Mbaka-Mouyeme F, Mwinnyaa G, Dennison Himmelfarb C, Cooper LA. Commentary: Engaging African Immigrants in Research Experiences and Lessons from the Field. Ethn Dis 2019; 29:617-622. [PMID: 31641329 PMCID: PMC6802169 DOI: 10.18865/ed.29.4.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global migration from Africa to more economically developed regions such as the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia has reached unprecedented rates in the past five decades. The size of the African immigrant population in the United States has roughly doubled every decade since 1970. However, research has not kept up with the growing size of this vulnerable population. Data from African immigrants have not traditionally been reported separately from Blacks/African Americans. There is growing interest in increasing the participation of African immigrants in research to understand their unique health needs and the full spectrum of factors impacting their health, ranging from racial, social, environmental, and behavioral factors, to individual biological and genetic factors which may also inform health challenges. This line of inquiry may also inform our understanding of health disparities among their African American counterparts. However, little is known about effective community engagement and recruitment strategies that may increase the participation of this population in research studies. The purpose of this commentary is to: 1) describe lessons learned from our experiences engaging African immigrants in research in the Baltimore, Washington, DC, and Atlanta metropolitan areas; 2) discuss strategies for successful recruitment; and 3) consider future directions of research and opportunities to translate research findings into health policy for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nwakaego A. Nmezi
- University of Florida, Department of Counseling Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eunice Adu
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A. Cooper
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Nunziata L, Toffolutti V. "Thou Shalt not Smoke": Religion and smoking in a natural experiment of history. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100412. [PMID: 31338409 PMCID: PMC6626118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a new identification strategy to analyse the implications of religious affiliation on unhealthful behaviour by focusing on the link between religiousness and smoking. Our quasi-experimental research design exploits the exogenous dramatic fall in religious affiliation that took place in East Germany after the post-war separation. Our conditional difference-in-differences estimates on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the period 1998-2006 indicate that individuals who are not affiliated to any religious denomination are consistently 13-19 percentage points more likely to smoke than are religious individuals. We interpret our results on the basis of a restraining effect of religious ethics on unhealthy behaviour, confirming the view that religion is a far-reaching vehicle for the enforcement of social norms.
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Contextual Factors Related to Conventional and Traditional Tobacco Use Among California Asian Indian Immigrants. J Community Health 2019; 43:280-290. [PMID: 28852903 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
California's tobacco control program contracted for tobacco use surveillance of Asian Indian Americans to address the paucity of information about tobacco use in this community, given their growing proportion of California's population. This study examined correlates of conventional (CTU) and Asian Indian traditional tobacco use (TTU) in a population-based sample of predominantly immigrant Asian Indian adults residing in California (N = 3228). The analytic sample (n = 2140) was limited to self-identified immigrants from India. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine correlates of tobacco use among Asian Indian immigrants related to their acculturation and religious affiliation. While 65% of the sample had ever used traditional tobacco products (paan masala, gutka, bidis), only 25% had ever used conventional tobacco (cigarettes, cigar, pipe, chewing tobacco, snuff). Less than 5% reported tobacco use in the past 30 days. Rates of ever TTU and CTU were higher among men than women. Ethnic enclave residence was not associated with tobacco use. Impaired mental health was associated with CTU, and number of years spent in the U.S. was positively associated with both CTU and TTU. Individuals affiliated with Sikhism were less likely to use tobacco than individuals affiliated with Hinduism. Few population-based studies in the U.S. address both CTU and TTU use among Asian Indian immigrants. Tobacco use in Asian Indian immigrants may be seriously underestimated if surveillance is limited to conventional tobacco products. Interventions to reduce tobacco use should address mental health issues and consider religious affiliation.
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Kantrow SP, Jolley SE, Price-Haywood EG, Wang X, Tseng TS, Arnold D, Brown LF, Leonardi C, Scribner RA, Trapido EJ, Lin HY. Using the emergency department to investigate smoking in young adults. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 30:44-49.e1. [PMID: 30555003 PMCID: PMC6510949 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smoking in young adults identifies the population at risk for future tobacco-related disease. We investigated smoking in a young adult population and within high-risk groups using emergency department (ED) data in a metropolitan area. METHODS Using the electronic health record, we performed a retrospective study of smoking in adults aged 18-30 years presenting to the ED. RESULTS Smoking status was available for 55,777 subjects (90.9% of the total ED cohort); 60.8% were women, 55.0% were black, 35.3% were white, and 8.1% were Hispanic; 34.4% were uninsured. Most smokers used cigarettes (95.1%). Prevalence of current smoking was 21.7% for women and 42.5% for men. The electronic health record contains data about diagnosis and social history that can be used to investigate smoking status for high-risk populations. Smoking prevalence was highest for substance use disorder (58.0%), psychiatric illness (41.3%) and alcohol use (39.1%), and lowest for pregnancy (13.5%). In multivariable analyses, male gender, white race, lack of health insurance, alcohol use, and illicit drug use were independently associated with smoking. Smoking risk among alcohol and drug users varied by gender, race, and/or age. CONCLUSIONS The ED provides access to a large, demographically diverse population, and supports investigation of smoking risk in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Kantrow
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Sarah E Jolley
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eboni G Price-Haywood
- Center for Outcomes and Health Services and Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dodie Arnold
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Claudia Leonardi
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Richard A Scribner
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Edward J Trapido
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Hu Y, van Lenthe FJ, Platt S, Bosdriesz JR, Lahelma E, Menvielle G, Regidor E, Santana P, de Gelder R, Mackenbach JP. The Impact of Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Among Socioeconomic Groups in Nine European Countries, 1990-2007. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 19:1441-1449. [PMID: 27613922 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background It is uncertain whether tobacco control policies have contributed to a narrowing or widening of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in European countries during the past two decades. This paper aims to investigate the impact of price and non-price related population-wide tobacco control policies on smoking by socioeconomic group in nine European countries between 1990 and 2007. Methods Individual-level education, occupation and smoking status were obtained from nationally representative surveys. Country-level price-related tobacco control policies were measured by the relative price of cheapest cigarettes and of cigarettes in the most popular price category. Country-level non-price policies were measured by a summary score covering four policy domains: smoking bans or restrictions in public places and workplaces, bans on advertising and promotion, health warning labels, and cessation services. The associations between policies and smoking were explored using logistic regressions, stratified by education and occupation, and adjusted for age, Gross Domestic Product, period and country fixed effects. Results The price of popular cigarettes and non-price policies were negatively associated with smoking among men. The price of the cheapest cigarettes was negatively associated with smoking among women. While these favorable effects were generally in the same direction for all socioeconomic groups, they were larger and statistically significant in lower socioeconomic groups only. Conclusions Tobacco control policies as implemented in nine European countries, have probably helped to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the total population, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. Widening inequalities in smoking may be explained by other factors. Policies with larger effects on lower socioeconomic groups are needed to reverse this trend. Implications Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking widened between the 1990s and the 2000s in Europe. During the same period, there were intensified tobacco control policies in many European countries. It is uncertain whether tobacco control policies have contributed to a narrowing or widening of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in European countries. This study shows that tobacco control policies as implemented in the available European countries have helped to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the total population, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. Widening inequalities in smoking may be explained by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Hu
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Platt
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jizzo R Bosdriesz
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gwenn Menvielle
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Santana
- Centro de Estudos de Geografia e de Ordenamento do Territorio (CEGOT), Departamento de Geografia, Colégio de S. Jerónimo, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rianne de Gelder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Shapiro E. Places of Habits and Hearts: Church Attendance and Latino Immigrant Health Behaviors in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1328-1336. [PMID: 29549652 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In general, church attendance can be associated with improved health behaviors and fewer related chronic diseases, suggesting a potential opportunity to counteract worsening health behaviors among some immigrants and thereby reduce health disparities. There is a paucity of research, however, on the relationship between religious involvement and immigrants' health behaviors and whether it varies by host or home country context. AIM To examine the relationship between religious involvement, measured by church attendance, with health behaviors among Latino immigrants in the United States (U.S.) and to compare the relationship of home and host country attendance with these behaviors. METHODS Data from the randomized New Immigrant Survey, including over 1200 immigrants to the U.S. from Mexico and Central America, were analyzed. Health measures included smoking, binge drinking, physical activity, and obesity. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using measures of church attendance and ethnic/immigrant characteristics as well as other demographic and health care factors. Separate models were constructed for each behavior. RESULTS An association was found between U.S. church attendance and less smoking, less drinking, and greater physical activity but not with obesity. Threshold effects were found. However, almost no associations were found between health behaviors and home country church attendance. CONCLUSION The context in which people live warrants increased attention for successful health promotion initiatives for immigrant populations. The social, psychological, and religious resources in immigrant communities can be leveraged to potentially counteract worsening of chronic disease-related health behaviors of Latino immigrants in the U.S., thereby reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Shapiro
- Department of Health Management, Ariel University, 4 Kiryat Hamada, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
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Dickson KS, Ahinkorah BO. Understanding tobacco use and socioeconomic inequalities among men in Ghana, and Lesotho. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 75:30. [PMID: 28680593 PMCID: PMC5494801 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths and has become a significant public health issue. Previous studies have paid less attention to tobacco use and socio-economic equalities among men in developing countries. This study examines the relationship between tobacco use and socio-economic inequalities among men in Ghana and Lesotho. Methods The study made use of data from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from Ghana, and Lesotho. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the associations between socio-economic inequality characteristics of respondents and tobacco use. Results The results showed that the prevalence of tobacco use was high in Lesotho (47.9%) as compared to that of Ghana (6.3%). Tobacco use was generally high across all age groups in Lesotho and in contrast, it was relatively low across all ages in Ghana. A statistically significant association was found between all the socio-economic variables and tobacco use in both countries. The prevalence of tobacco use was smaller in age group 15–24 years compared to the age groups 25–34 years and 35–59 years in both Ghana and Lesotho, although the association is stronger in Ghana. The AOR’s in Ghana are respectively 5.3 (95% CI: 3.29–8.59) and 9.7 (95% CI: 6.20–15.06), compared to respectively 1.7 (95% CI: 1.32–2.11) and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.36–2.12). Smoking prevalence was smaller in men with higher level of education compared to men with no education in both Ghana and Lesotho, although the association was weaker in Ghana. The AOR in Ghana is 0.1 (95% CI: (0.02–0.11), compared to 0.2 (95% Cl: (0.17–0.30). The prevalence of tobacco use was smaller among men in urban areas compared to rural areas in both Ghana and Lesotho, although the association is stronger in Ghana. The AOR in Ghana is 2.1 (95% CI: 1.67–2.73), compared to 1.6 (95% CI: (1.31–1.95). In both countries, prevalence of tobacco use was higher in men who are traditionalist/spiritualists or who had no religion compared to Christians, although the association was stronger in Ghana. The AOR in Ghana is 6.2 (95% CI: (4.42–4.09) compared to 1.7 (95% CI: (1.21–2.47). The prevalence of tobacco use was low among men with richest wealth status compared to men with poorest wealth status in both Ghana and Lesotho, although the association is weaker in Ghana. The AOR in Ghana is 0.1 (95% Cl: (0.06–0.17) compared to 0.4 (95% CI: (0.51–1.12). In relation to occupation, prevalence of tobacco use was smaller among professional workers compared to men in the Agricultural sector in both Ghana and Lesotho, although the association is stronger in Ghana. The AOR in Ghana is 9.3 (95% Cl: (4.54–18.99), compared to 3.5 (95% CI: (2.27–5.52). Formerly married men in both countries were more likely to use tobacco compared to currently not married men, although the prevalence was higher in Ghana. The AOR in Ghana is 1.6 (95% CI: (0.99–2.28)], compared to 1.4 (95% CI: (0.89–2.28) in Lesotho. Conclusion Although similar socio-economic inequality factors provided an understanding of tobacco use among men in Ghana and Lesotho, there were variations in relation to how each factor influences tobacco use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13690-017-0197-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Brathwaite R, Addo J, Kunst AE, Agyemang C, Owusu-Dabo E, de-Graft Aikins A, Beune E, Meeks K, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Bahendeka S, Mockenhaupt FP, Amoah S, Galbete C, Schulze MB, Danquah I, Smeeth L. Smoking prevalence differs by location of residence among Ghanaians in Africa and Europe: The RODAM study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177291. [PMID: 28475620 PMCID: PMC5419606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of smoking is low in Ghana, little is known about the effect of migration on smoking. Comparing Ghanaians living in their country of origin to those living in Europe offers an opportunity to investigate smoking by location of residence and the associations between smoking behaviours and migration-related factors. METHODS Data on a relatively homogenous group of Ghanaians living in London (n = 949), Amsterdam (n = 1400), Berlin (n = 543), rural Ghana (n = 973) and urban Ghana (n = 1400) from the cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity & Diabetes in African Migrants) study were used. Age-standardized prevalence rates of smoking by location of residence and factors associated with smoking among Ghanaian men were estimated using prevalence ratios (PR: 95% CIs). RESULTS Current smoking was non-existent among women in rural and urban Ghana and London but was 3.2% and 3.3% in women in Amsterdam and Berlin, respectively. Smoking prevalence was higher in men in Europe (7.8%) than in both rural and urban Ghana (4.8%): PR 1.91: 95% CI 1.27, 2.88, adjusted for age, marital status, education and employment. Factors associated with a higher prevalence of smoking among Ghanaian men included European residence, being divorced or widowed, living alone, Islam religion, infrequent attendance at religious services, assimilation (cultural orientation), and low education. CONCLUSION Ghanaians living in Europe are more likely to smoke than their counterparts in Ghana, suggesting convergence to European populations, although prevalence rates are still far below those in the host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brathwaite
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton E. Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- International Diabetes Federation, Africa Region, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank P. Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Amoah
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Elkalmi RM, Alkoudmani RM, Elsayed TM, Ahmad A, Khan MU. Effect of Religious Beliefs on the Smoking Behaviour of University Students: Quantitative Findings From Malaysia. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1869-1875. [PMID: 26429730 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Malaysian official Islamic authorities have issued a "fatwa" (Islamic ruling) regarding smoking practice which prohibits Muslims from smoking because of its potential harm to health. Since the prevalence of smoking among Malaysian students is high, this study was designed to explore the perceptions and opinions of Malaysian Muslim students towards smoking in International Islamic University of Malaysia. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted among School of Science students in International Islamic University Malaysia. Convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 323 students based on sample size calculation. A content- and face-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants. Non-smokers highly supported the fatwa on smoking forbiddance than smokers (94 vs 64.3 %, p = 0.001). A significant proportion of non-smokers believed that Islam prohibits smoking because of its potential harm (94.9 vs 71.4 %, p = 0.001). Majority of smokers agreed that addiction is the main barrier towards smoking cessation (78.6 vs 61.5 %, p = 0.019). The results showed positive influences of Islamic beliefs on the non-smokers. Further studies are required to validate these findings by surveying other universities of Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan M Elkalmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ramez M Alkoudmani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Tarek M Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Akram Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Umair Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Nabipour AR, Alizadeh A, Saadat-Hosseini M, Mansouri Z, Shamsoddini L, Nakhaee N. Correlates of waterpipe smoking among Iranian university students and the role of religiosity. Int J Psychiatry Med 2016. [PMID: 28629297 DOI: 10.1177/0091217417696735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking among youth and adolescents in Iran has gained in popularity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between waterpipe smoking and different dimensions of religiosity in a sample of students attending two major universities in South East Iran. A total of 682 students completed a waterpipe and cigarette smoking questionnaire along with the Duke University Religion Index. The lifetime prevalence of dual cigarette and waterpipe use was 48.3%, with prevalence of current use (within the last 30 days) of 24.9%. The proportions of lifetime and current waterpipe-only users were 27.0% and 18.8%, respectively. Students who participated more often in private religious activities were less likely to report engaging in waterpipe smoking (odds ratio: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.98). A higher level of attendance of religious services was negatively associated with dual cigarette and waterpipe smoking (odds ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.93). Waterpipe-only use was significantly higher among males, students who had lower grade point averages, those who reported having a close friend or a family member who was a waterpipe smoker. To conclude, it is possible that religious observance may have a protective role in lowering waterpipe usage among Iranian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Nabipour
- 1 Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- 1 Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ryan CJ, Leatherdale ST, Cooke MJ. A cross-sectional examination of the correlates of current smoking among off-reserve First Nations and Métis adults: Evidence from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Addict Behav 2016; 54:75-81. [PMID: 26735185 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of current smoking among off-reserve First Nations and Métis adults, two Aboriginal Canadian groups that are at higher risk to smoke and more likely to suffer from chronic health conditions relative to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. A particular focus was on culturally specific factors and their associations with current smoking. METHODS We used data from Statistics Canada's, 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to investigate the correlates of smoking among 12,720 First Nations and Métis adults. Sequential binary logistic regression models were estimated to examine associations between smoking and culturally specific, demographic, geographic, socioeconomic and health-related variables. RESULTS Overall, 39.4% were current smokers. Multivariate results found that those who had hunted, fished or trapped within the last year were more likely to be smokers. In addition, respondents who were exposed to an Aboriginal language at home or outside the home were more likely to be smokers. Current smoking was significantly associated with being aged 35 to 49 years, living in a small population center, low income, low education, unemployment, being unmarried, low ratings of self-perceived health, heavy drinking and low body mass index. Respondents aged 65 years and older and those living in British Columbia were less likely to smoke. DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest that it may be useful to consider cultural characteristics, particularly language in efforts to reduce the prevalence of manufactured tobacco use among First Nations and Métis adults. Interventions should also consider demographic, geographic and socioeconomic variables, in addition to co-occurring health-risk behaviors.
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Byron MJ, Cohen JE, Gittelsohn J, Frattaroli S, Nuryunawati R, Jernigan DH. Influence of religious organisations' statements on compliance with a smoke-free law in Bogor, Indonesia: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008111. [PMID: 26667011 PMCID: PMC4679994 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the Bogor public's perspective on Muslim organisations' pronouncements against smoking and the effect of these pronouncements on compliance with a new smoke-free law in the context of a prosmoking social norm. DESIGN Semistructured focus group discussions were conducted, transcribed, coded using ATLAS.ti software, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Photo elicitation was also used during the focus groups. SETTING Bogor, Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS 11 focus groups (n=89), stratified by age, gender and smoking status, with members of the public (46 male, 43 female, ages 18-50). RESULTS There was limited knowledge of and compliance with both the smoke-free law and the religious pronouncements. In most of the focus groups, smoking was described as a discouraged, but not forbidden, behaviour for Muslims. Participants described the decision of whether to follow the religious pronouncements in the context of individual choice. Some participants felt religious organisations lacked credibility to speak against smoking because many religious leaders themselves smoke. However, some non-smokers said their religion reinforced their non-smoking behaviour and some participants stated it would be useful for religious leaders to speak more about the smoke-free law. CONCLUSIONS Religious organisations' pronouncements appear to have had a small effect, primarily in supporting the position of non-smokers not to smoke. Participants, including smokers, said their religious leaders should be involved in supporting the smoke-free law. These findings suggest there is potential for the tobacco control community to partner with sympathetic local Muslim leaders to promote common goals of reducing smoking and public smoke exposure. Muslim leaders' views on smoking would be perceived as more credible if they themselves followed the smoke-free law. Additionally, public health messaging that includes religious themes could be piloted and tested for effectiveness. These findings may also inform similar efforts in other Muslim cities implementing smoke-free laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Justin Byron
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanna E Cohen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon Frattaroli
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David H Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Alzyoud S, Kheirallah KA, Ward KD, Al-Shdayfat NM, Alzyoud AA. Association of Religious Commitment and Tobacco Use Among Muslim Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2015; 54:2111-2121. [PMID: 25080891 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-014-9921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between religious observance and tobacco use among a sample of Jordanian youth. Using multistage, random sampling, a cross-sectional survey of middle and high school students was conducted. Of the 950 Muslim students in the study, 32% were daily tobacco users and 72% prayed regularly. Frequency of praying was negatively associated with tobacco smoking. Religious observance was found to be strongly associated with tobacco smoking among Jordanian youth. Our results indicate that religion can be a culturally important tool in health professionals' efforts for tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukaina Alzyoud
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan.
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Abd Albaset Alzyoud
- Faculty of Arts, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
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Baltic RD, Weier RC, Katz ML, Kennedy SK, Lengerich EJ, Lesko SM, Reese D, Roberto KA, Schoenberg NE, Young GS, Dignan MB, Paskett ED. Study design, intervention, and baseline characteristics of a group randomized trial involving a faith-based healthy eating and physical activity intervention (Walk by Faith) to reduce weight and cancer risk among overweight and obese Appalachian adults. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 44:1-10. [PMID: 26115879 PMCID: PMC5520582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents may contribute to increased cancer rates in this region. This manuscript describes the design, components, and participant baseline characteristics of a faith-based study to decrease overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents. METHODS A group randomized study design was used to assign 13 churches to an intervention to reduce overweight and obesity (Walk by Faith) and 15 churches to a cancer screening intervention (Ribbons of Faith). Church members with a body mass index (BMI) ?25 were recruited from these churches in Appalachian counties in five states to participate in the study. A standard protocol was used to measure participant characteristics at baseline. The same protocol will be followed to obtain measurements after completion of the active intervention phase (12months) and the sustainability phase (24months). Primary outcome is change in BMI from baseline to 12months. Secondary outcomes include changes in blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, and fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as intervention sustainability. RESULTS Church members (n=664) from 28 churches enrolled in the study. At baseline 64.3% of the participants were obese (BMI?30), less than half (41.6%) reported regular exercise, and 85.5% reported consuming less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. CONCLUSIONS Church members recruited to participate in a faith-based study across the Appalachian region reported high rates of unhealthy behaviors. We have demonstrated the feasibility of developing and recruiting participants to a faith-based intervention aimed at improving diet and increasing exercise among underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Baltic
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rory C Weier
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mira L Katz
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephenie K Kennedy
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center at West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Eugene J Lengerich
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Samuel M Lesko
- Northeast Regional Cancer Institute, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - David Reese
- ACCN Kentucky Community Advisor, United States
| | - Karen A Roberto
- Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nancy E Schoenberg
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory S Young
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark B Dignan
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Electra D Paskett
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Ryan CJ, Cooke MJ, Leatherdale ST, Kirkpatrick SI, Wilk P. The correlates of current smoking among adult Métis: Evidence from the Aboriginal Peoples Survey and Métis Supplement. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2015; 106:e271-6. [PMID: 26451987 PMCID: PMC6972307 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the correlates of current smoking among Métis aged 18 years and older, with a particular focus on culturally-specific factors. Cultural factors included spirituality, knowledge of an Aboriginal language, membership in a Métis organization and attendance at Métis cultural events. Demographic, geographic, socio-economic and health-related variables were also considered. METHODS Data from 6,610 adult Métis aged 18 years and older who responded to the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey and Métis supplement were used to examine the correlates of current smoking using sequential binary logistic regression modelling. RESULTS Overall, 39.9% of adult Métis respondents in the sample were current smokers. Adult Métis who reported a high level of spirituality were less likely to be current smokers. Those who spoke an Aboriginal language, or lived in a house where an Aboriginal language was spoken, were more likely to be current smokers. Being a member of a Métis organization and attending cultural events were not independently associated with current smoking. Métis with higher household income, greater education, higher self-perceived health, and greater physical activity participation were less likely to be current smokers, whereas those who reported heavy alcohol consumption were more likely to be current smokers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at reducing smoking among adult Métis might be more successful if they include some connection to spirituality. It is also evident that co-occurring risk behaviours, in addition to demographic and socio-economic factors, are important considerations when developing interventions to reduce smoking among this population.
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Tobacco use and associated factors among adults in Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:487. [PMID: 25966998 PMCID: PMC4455703 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of non-communicable diseases. Previous studies gave due emphasis only for cigarette smoking with little attention given for other types of tobacco use. This study describes the prevalence of all common forms of tobacco use and identify associated factors among adults in Ethiopia. Methods The study used data from the 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. An index was constructed from yes or no responses for common types of tobacco use. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression statistical models were employed to determine associated factors with tobacco using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Results The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 4.1 % [95 % CI: (3.93–4.37)]. The highest prevalence 16.9 % [95 % CI: (11.02–23.76)] in Gambella and the lowest 0.8 % [95 % CI: (0.48–1.29)] in Tigray regions were reported. The odds of tobacco use in the age group 20–24 and 45–49 years were [AOR = 2.3; 95 % CI: (1.60–3.21)] and [AOR = 9.1; 95 % CI: (6.06–13.54)] more likely to use tobacco, respectively, as compared to the age group 15–19 years. Traditional religion [AOR = 5.5; 95 % CI: (3.96–7.55)], Catholics [AOR = 3.40; 95 % CI: (2.03–5.69)] and Islamic followers [AOR = 2.8; 95 % CI: (2.31–3.32)] had higher odds of using tobacco as compared to Orthodox religion followers. Adults in the poorest wealth quintile were [AOR = 1.4; 95 % CI: (1.05–1.79)] more likely to use tobacco as compared to the richest wealth quintile. The odds of tobacco use among males were higher as compared to females [AOR = 13.08; 95 % CI: (10.24–16.72)]. Formerly married adults were [AOR = 1.71; 95 % CI: (1.20–2.34)] more likely to use tobacco as compared to never married. Adults who were professionally working [AOR = 0.49; 95 % CI: (0.29–0.85)] had less likely to use tobacco as compared to non-working adults. However, adults who were working in sales, skilled and unskilled occupations had [AOR = 1.6; 95 % CI: (1.18–2.24)], [AOR = 1.7, 95 % CI: (1.21–2.50)] and [AOR = 3.8 95 % CI: (2.27–6.23)] more likely to use tobacco, respectively, as compared to non-working adults. Individuals who had experience of child death were [AOR = 1.4; 95 % CI: (1.17–1.63)] more likely to use tobacco as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion The overall prevalence of tobacco use seems low in Ethiopia. However, a significant regional variation of tobacco use was observed. A tailored public health interventions targeting regions with high prevalence of tobacco use is recommended.
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Wang Z, Koenig HG, Al Shohaib S. Religious involvement and tobacco use in mainland China: a preliminary study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:155. [PMID: 25886594 PMCID: PMC4336676 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking causes serious health, economic, and social problems throughout the world. Religious involvement is known to be an important predictor of health behaviors and substance use. The present study examines the correlation between religious involvements and tobacco use, and explores connections between religiosity and tobacco use in Muslims and non-Muslims in Western China. Methods Data were examined from a representative sample of 2,770 community-dwelling adults in the province of Ningxia located in Western China. Self-report smoking, past smoking, religious attendance and the importance of religious in daily life were measured. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose tobacco use disorders. Three separate logistic regression models were used to examine correlations between religious involvement and smoking status. Results In the overall sample, religious attendance was inversely associated with current smoking (p < 0.001), as was importance of religion (p < 0.05). Current smoking was also less common in those categorized as high on religious involvement. No association, however, was found between religious involvement and either past smoking or tobacco use disorders. In Muslims, both religion attendance and high religiosity were inversely associated with current smoking (p < 0.001), although no association was found in non-Muslims. Conclusions Religious involvement is inversely related to current smoking in Western China, although this association depends on religious affiliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. .,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27705, USA. .,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Al Shohaib
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Namageyo-Funa A, Muilenburg J, Wilson M. The role of religion and spirituality in coping with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study among Black men. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2015; 54:242-252. [PMID: 24357011 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-013-9812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Religion and spirituality are instrumental to coping with health; however, there is limited literature on the use of religion and spirituality among Black men with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to explore how Black men use religion or spirituality to cope with diabetes management. We conducted in-depth interviews with 30 Black men recruited from a diabetes clinic in Atlanta, Georgia as part of a larger study. This article reports on data from 12 of the 30 Black men who reported the use of religion and spirituality as a coping strategy for diabetes management. The following coping strategies were reported: prayer and belief in God, keeping me alive, turning things over to God, changing my unhealthy behaviors, supplying my needs, reading the Bible, and religious or spiritual individuals helping me. Healthcare professionals and researchers involved in diabetes management among Black men should consider these findings in their efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apophia Namageyo-Funa
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, 300 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6522, USA,
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Wagner GA, Rocha FMMD, Lebrão ML, Duarte YADO, Zanetta DMT. Trends in tobacco consumption in three different birth cohorts of elderly of São Paulo, Brazil. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 147:53-9. [PMID: 25575653 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of birth cohorts reflect the historical differences in physical and social environments. The objectives of the present study were to describe the tobacco consumption and to evaluate the behavioral trends with respect to smoking in three different birth cohorts of a population-based sample of elderly individuals. METHODS A series of three cross-sectional studies conducted with elderly individuals of 60-64 years of age interviewed in 2000 (birth cohort 1936-1940; n=427), 2006 (birth cohort 1942-1946; n=298) and 2011 (birth cohort 1947-1951; n=355) in a population-based sample from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The interviewees were participating in a prospective cohort study entitled Health, Well-Being and Aging (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento [SABE]). Data on tobacco consumption were self-reported and interviewees were then classified as never smokers, former smokers or current smokers. Linear model for categorical data was used to test differences on tobacco consumption between three birth elderly cohorts. FINDINGS Men were more likely than women to be smokers. Being evangelical and having more schooling constituted protective factors against smoking. Regarding trends, the tobacco consumption of the men did not change in any of the three cohorts studied (p=0.7454), whereas there was an increase in the number of women smokers, principally former smokers, over the periods evaluated (p=0.0189). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the anti-smoking policies implemented in Brazil were effective in women of this age group; however, different prevention strategies are required to target elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Arantes Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Marcelo Monteiro da Rocha
- School of Politics, Economy and Business, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Angélica 100, Jardim das Flores, 06110-295 Osasco, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Lebrão
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 419, Cerqueira César, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Trevisan Zanetta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sreeramareddy CT, Pradhan PM, Sin S. Prevalence, distribution, and social determinants of tobacco use in 30 sub-Saharan African countries. BMC Med 2014; 12:243. [PMID: 25518855 PMCID: PMC4296681 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control prioritizes monitoring of tobacco use by population-based surveys, information about the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. We provide country-level prevalence estimates for smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and assess their social determinants. METHODS We analyzed population-based data of the most recent Demographic Health Surveys performed between 2006 and 2013 involving men and women in 30 sub-Saharan African countries. Weighted country-level prevalence rates were estimated for 'current smoking' (cigarettes, pipe, cigars, etc.) and 'current SLT use' (chewing, snuff, etc.). From the pooled datasets for men and women, social determinants of smoking and SLT use were assessed through multivariate analyses using a dummy country variable as a control and by including a within-country sample weight for each country. RESULTS Among men, smoking prevalence rates were high in Sierra Leone (37.7%), Lesotho (34.1%), and Madagascar (28.5%); low (<10%) in Ethiopia, Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sao Tome & Principe; the prevalence of SLT use was <10% in all countries except for Madagascar (24.7%) and Mozambique (10.9%). Among women, smoking and SLT prevalence rates were <5% in most countries except for Burundi (9.9%), Sierra Leone (6%), and Namibia (5.9%) (smoking), and Madagascar (19.6%) and Lesotho (9.1%) (SLT use). The proportion of females who smoked was lower than SLT users in most countries. Older age was strongly associated with both smoking and SLT use among men and women. Smoking among both men and women was weakly associated, but SLT use was strongly associated, with education. Similarly, smoking among men and women was weakly associated, but SLT use was strongly associated, with the wealth index. Smoking and SLT use were also associated with marital status among both men and women, as well as with occupation (agriculturists and unskilled workers). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of smoking among women was much lower than in men, although the social patterns of tobacco use were similar to those in men. Tobacco control strategies should target the poor, not/least educated, and agricultural and unskilled workers, who are the most vulnerable social groups in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia.
| | - Pranil Mansingh Pradhan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), P. O. Box 26500, Lagankhel-5, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, 44700, Nepal.
| | - Shwe Sin
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia.
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Al-Khashan HI, Al Sabaan FS, Al Nasser HS, Al Buraidi AA, Al Awad AD, Horaib GB, Al Obaikan AH, Mishriky AM. The prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among military personnel in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A national study. J Family Community Med 2014; 21:147-53. [PMID: 25374464 PMCID: PMC4214002 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.142966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to measure the prevalence of smoking and identify its potential predictors among military personnel in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among military personnel in the five military regions of KSA between January 2009 and January 2011. The sample of 10,500 military personnel in the Saudi Armed Forces was equally divided among the five regions with a ratio 3:7 for officers and soldiers. A multistage stratified random sampling was used to recruit participants in the four services of the armed forces in the five regions. Information on sociodemographic characteristics with a detailed history of smoking was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was used to identify the factors associated with smoking, and multiple logistic regression analysis to discover its potential predictors. Results: About 35% of the sample was current smokers, with higher rates among soldiers. The eastern region had the highest rate (43.0%), and the southern region the lowest (27.5%). Navy personnel had a higher risk of being current smokers (40.6%), and the air defense the lowest risk (31.0%). Multivariate analysis identified working in the navy, and low income as positive predictors of current smoking, while residing in the southern region, older age, years of education, being married, and having an officer rank were negative (protective) factors. Conclusion: Smoking is prevalent among military personnel in KSA, with higher rates in the Navy and Air Force, among privates, younger age group, lower education and income, and divorced/widowed status. Measures should be taken to initiate programs on smoking cessation that involve changes in the environment that is likely to promote this habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham I Al-Khashan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Al Sabaan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifa S Al Nasser
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al Buraidi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed D Al Awad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalib B Horaib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - AlJoharah H Al Obaikan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Mishriky
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Fischer F, Minnwegen M, Kaneider U, Kraemer A, Khan MMH. Prevalence and determinants of secondhand smoke exposure among women in Bangladesh, 2011. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17:58-65. [PMID: 25125322 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The population of Bangladesh is highly susceptible to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure due to high smoking rates and low awareness about the harmful effects of SHS. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure and highlight the essential determinants in developing successful strategies to prevent adverse health effects in Bangladesh. METHODS The analysis is based on the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2011, in which 17,749 women in the reproductive age group (12-49 years) were included. The information regarding SHS exposure at home was derived from the question: "How often does anyone smoke inside your house?" The variable was recoded into 3 groups: daily exposure, low exposure (exposed weekly, monthly, or less than monthly), and no SHS exposure. We performed descriptive and bivariable analyses and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 46.7% of the women reported high exposure to SHS at home. According to the multinomial logistic regression model, relatively lower education and lower wealth index were significantly associated with daily SHS exposure at home. The exposure differed significantly between the divisions of Bangladesh. Having children at home (vs. not) and being Islamic (compared to other religious affiliations) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that women from socioeconomically disadvantaged households are more likely to experience daily exposure to SHS at home. Therefore, especially these groups have to be targeted to reduce tobacco consumption. In addition to aspects of legislation, future strategies need to focus educational aspects to improve the population's health status in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fischer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Minnwegen
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kaneider
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Kraemer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Md Mobarak Hossain Khan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
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Chen CM. The influence of religious affiliation on heavy drinking, heavy smoking and heavy betel nut chewing. Addict Behav 2014; 39:362-4. [PMID: 24199931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The results of a national survey of determinants of drinking, smoking and betel-nut chewing behaviors are analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether drinking, smoking and betel-nut chewing are influenced by a variety of religions based on Taiwan data. Our results suggest that Buddhism, Taoism and practitioners of Chinese folk region are positively associated with heavy betel nut chewing while the religion effects on heavy smoking and drinking are statistically insignificant. Our findings on religion effects in Taiwan can be a valuable reference for comparison in Christian and western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Ming Chen
- Department of Economics, National Chi-Nan University, 1 University Rd., Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan, ROC.
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Doku D, Darteh EKM, Kumi-Kyereme A. Socioeconomic inequalities in cigarette smoking among men: evidence from the 2003 and 2008 Ghana demographic and health surveys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 71:9. [PMID: 23621799 PMCID: PMC3686574 DOI: 10.1186/0778-7367-71-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Tobacco use is a public health burden in both developed and developing countries. However, there is still a dearth of nationally representative studies from Sub-Saharan Africa to inform interventions in the region. Socioeconomic trends and disparities in cigarette smoking were explored among Ghanaian men. Method A nationally representative sample of Ghanaian men 15–59 years was surveyed in the 2003 (N = 5015) and 2008 (N = 4568) Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (N = 9583). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate cigarette smoking by socioeconomic status (SES) and the changes over the two study periods. The results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CI) Results The prevalence decreased by 1.7% from 9% (95% CI 0.09–0.11) in 2003 to 7.3% (95% CI 0.07–0.09) in 2008. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher in the older age groups (25–34 year-olds and 35–59 year-olds) compared to 15–24 year-olds. Education (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.4; no education vs higher education) and occupation (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.3–7.6; not working vs managerial position) and being in labour force (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.7–4.0) were related to cigarette smoking. Furthermore, religion, wealth (AOR = 3.1 95% CI 2.1–4.5; poorest compared to richest) and rural residence (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.1) were associated with cigarette smoking. Over the period, cigarette smoking seems to have decreased among Ghanaian male at the population level but not among all groups by age, education, wealth and place of residence. Conclusion Cigarette smoking interventions should be structured to reduce the menace among men. Such interventions must also particularly target lower socioeconomic groups in order to avert an increase in the inequalities in the behaviour and prervent a consequent increase in the socioeconomic gradient in tobacco-related diseases and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Doku
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Cape Coast, Ghana
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