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Kim M, Lovett JT, Doshi AM, Prabhu V. Immediate Access to Radiology Reports: Perspectives on X Before and After the Cures Act Information Blocking Provision. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:1130-1140. [PMID: 38147904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 21st Century Cures Act's information blocking provision mandates that patients have immediate access to their electronic health information, including radiology reports. We evaluated public opinions surrounding this policy on X, a microblogging platform with over 400 million users. METHODS We retrieved 27,522 posts related to radiology reports from October 5, 2020, through October 4, 2021. One reviewer performed initial screening for relevant posts. Two reviewers categorized user type and post theme(s) using a predefined coding system. Posts were grouped as "pre-Cures" (6 months before information blocking) and "post-Cures" (6 months after). Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were performed. RESULTS Among 1,155 final posts, 1,028 unique users were identified (64% patients, 11% non-radiologist physicians, 4% radiologists). X activity increased, with 40% (n = 462) pre-Cures and 60% (n = 693) post-Cures. Early result notification before referring providers was the only theme that significantly increased post-Cures (+3%, P = .001). Common negative themes were frustration (33%), anxiety (27%), and delay (20%). Common positive themes were gratitude for radiologists (52%) and autonomy (21%). Of posts expressing opinions on early access, 84% favored and 16% opposed it, with decreased preference between study periods (P = .006). More patients than physicians preferred early access (92% versus 40%, P < .0001). DISCUSSION X activity increased after the information blocking provision, partly due to conversation about early notification. Despite negative experiences with reports, most users preferred early access. Although the Cures Act is a positive step toward open access, work remains to improve patients' engagement with their radiology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kim
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York.
| | | | - Ankur M Doshi
- Associate Professor and Associate Clinical Director, Radiology Informatics, NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York
| | - Vinay Prabhu
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Associate Program Director, and Body MRI Fellowship, NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York
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Hirabayashi M, Shibata D, Shinohara E, Kawazoe Y. Influence of Tweets Indicating False Rumors on COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45867. [PMID: 37669092 PMCID: PMC10482055 DOI: 10.2196/45867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of December 2022, the outbreak of COVID-19 showed no sign of abating, continuing to impact people's lives, livelihoods, economies, and more. Vaccination is an effective way to achieve mass immunity. However, in places such as Japan, where vaccination is voluntary, there are people who choose not to receive the vaccine, even if an effective vaccine is offered. To promote vaccination, it is necessary to clarify what kind of information on social media can influence attitudes toward vaccines. OBJECTIVE False rumors and counterrumors are often posted and spread in large numbers on social media, especially during emergencies. In this paper, we regard tweets that contain questions or point out errors in information as counterrumors. We analyze counterrumors tweets related to the COVID-19 vaccine on Twitter. We aimed to answer the following questions: (1) what kinds of COVID-19 vaccine-related counterrumors were posted on Twitter, and (2) are the posted counterrumors related to social conditions such as vaccination status? METHODS We use the following data sets: (1) counterrumors automatically collected by the "rumor cloud" (18,593 tweets); and (2) the number of COVID-19 vaccine inoculators from September 27, 2021, to August 15, 2022, published on the Prime Minister's Office's website. First, we classified the contents contained in counterrumors. Second, we counted the number of COVID-19 vaccine-related counterrumors from data set 1. Then, we examined the cross-correlation coefficients between the numbers of data sets 1 and 2. Through this verification, we examined the correlation coefficients for the following three periods: (1) the same period of data; (2) the case where the occurrence of the suggestion of counterrumors precedes the vaccination (negative time lag); and (3) the case where the vaccination precedes the occurrence of counterrumors (positive time lag). The data period used for the validation was from October 4, 2021, to April 18, 2022. RESULTS Our classification results showed that most counterrumors about the COVID-19 vaccine were negative. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between the number of counterrumors and vaccine inoculators showed significant and strong positive correlations. The correlation coefficient was over 0.7 at -8, -7, and -1 weeks of lag. Results suggest that the number of vaccine inoculators tended to increase with an increase in the number of counterrumors. Significant correlation coefficients of 0.5 to 0.6 were observed for lags of 1 week or more and 2 weeks or more. This implies that an increase in vaccine inoculators increases the number of counterrumors. These results suggest that the increase in the number of counterrumors may have been a factor in inducing vaccination behavior. CONCLUSIONS Using quantitative data, we were able to reveal how counterrumors influence the vaccination status of the COVID-19 vaccine. We think that our findings would be a foundation for considering countermeasures of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hirabayashi
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisaku Shibata
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Shinohara
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kawazoe
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zaidi Z, Ye M, Samon F, Jama A, Gopalakrishnan B, Gu C, Karunasekera S, Evans J, Kashima Y. Topics in Antivax and Provax Discourse: Yearlong Synoptic Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Tweets. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45069. [PMID: 37552535 PMCID: PMC10411425 DOI: 10.2196/45069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing an understanding of the public discourse on COVID-19 vaccination on social media is important not only for addressing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also for future pathogen outbreaks. There are various research efforts in this domain, although, a need still exists for a comprehensive topic-wise analysis of tweets in favor of and against COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE This study characterizes the discussion points in favor of and against COVID-19 vaccines posted on Twitter during the first year of the pandemic. The aim of this study was primarily to contrast the views expressed by both camps, their respective activity patterns, and their correlation with vaccine-related events. A further aim was to gauge the genuineness of the concerns expressed in antivax tweets. METHODS We examined a Twitter data set containing 75 million English tweets discussing the COVID-19 vaccination from March 2020 to March 2021. We trained a stance detection algorithm using natural language processing techniques to classify tweets as antivax or provax and examined the main topics of discourse using topic modeling techniques. RESULTS Provax tweets (37 million) far outnumbered antivax tweets (10 million) and focused mostly on vaccine development, whereas antivax tweets covered a wide range of topics, including opposition to vaccine mandate and concerns about safety. Although some antivax tweets included genuine concerns, there was a large amount of falsehood. Both stances discussed many of the same topics from opposite viewpoints. Memes and jokes were among the most retweeted messages. Most tweets from both stances (9,007,481/10,566,679, 85.24% antivax and 24,463,708/37,044,507, 66.03% provax tweets) came from dual-stance users who posted both provax and antivax tweets during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS This study is a comprehensive account of COVID-19 vaccine discourse in the English language on Twitter from March 2020 to March 2021. The broad range of discussion points covered almost the entire conversation, and their temporal dynamics revealed a significant correlation with COVID-19 vaccine-related events. We did not find any evidence of polarization and prevalence of antivax discourse over Twitter. However, targeted countering of falsehoods is important because only a small fraction of antivax discourse touched on a genuine issue. Future research should examine the role of memes and humor in driving web-based social media activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Zaidi
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mengbin Ye
- Centre for Optimisation and Decision Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Fergus Samon
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Abdisalan Jama
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Binduja Gopalakrishnan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chenhao Gu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shanika Karunasekera
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jamie Evans
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yoshihisa Kashima
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Machado Júnior C, Mantovani DMN, de Sandes-Guimarães LV, Romeiro MDC, Furlaneto CJ, Bazanini R. Volatility of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: sentiment analysis conducted in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1192155. [PMID: 37483947 PMCID: PMC10360403 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy is a phenomenon that can interfere with the expansion of vaccination coverage and is positioned as one of the top 10 global health threats. Previous studies have explored factors that affect vaccine hesitancy, how it behaves in different locations, and the profile of individuals in which it is most present. However, few studies have analyzed the volatility of vaccine hesitancy. Objective Identify the volatility of vaccine hesitancy manifested in social media. Methods Twitter's academic application programming interface was used to retrieve all tweets in Brazilian Portuguese mentioning the COVID-19 vaccine in 3 months (October 2020, June 2021, and October 2021), retrieving 1,048,576 tweets. A sentiment analysis was performed using the Orange software with the lexicon Multilingual sentiment in Portuguese. Results The feelings associated with vaccine hesitancy were volatile within 1 month, as well as throughout the vaccination process, being positioned as a resilient phenomenon. The themes that nurture vaccine hesitancy change dynamically and swiftly and are often associated with other topics that are also affecting society. Conclusion People that manifest the vaccine hesitancy present arguments that vary in a short period of time, what demand that government strategies to mitigate vaccine hesitancy effects be agile and counteract the expressed fear, by presenting scientific arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Machado Júnior
- Laboratory of Health Education, Institute of Innovation Multidisciplinary, Department of Administration, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biogeography and Conservation, Department Health Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani
- Laboratory of Quantitative Methods and Informatics, Department of Administration, Institute of Analytics and Open Data, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa Veras de Sandes-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Education, Institute of Innovation Multidisciplinary, Department of Administration, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Romeiro
- Laboratory of Health Education, Institute of Innovation Multidisciplinary, Department of Administration, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Jaciara Furlaneto
- Laboratory of Health Education, Institute of Innovation Multidisciplinary, Department of Administration, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biogeography and Conservation, Department Health Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Bazanini
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biogeography and Conservation, Department Health Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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Boender TS, Schneider PH, Houareau C, Wehrli S, Purnat TD, Ishizumi A, Wilhelm E, Voegeli C, Wieler LH, Leuker C. Establishing Infodemic Management in Germany: A Framework for Social Listening and Integrated Analysis to Report Infodemic Insights at the National Public Health Institute. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:e43646. [PMID: 37261891 PMCID: PMC10273031 DOI: 10.2196/43646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To respond to the need to establish infodemic management functions at the national public health institute in Germany (Robert Koch Institute, RKI), we explored and assessed available data sources, developed a social listening and integrated analysis framework, and defined when infodemic management functions should be activated during emergencies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish a framework for social listening and integrated analysis for public health in the German context using international examples and technical guidance documents for infodemic management. METHODS This study completed the following objectives: identified (potentially) available data sources for social listening and integrated analysis; assessed these data sources for their suitability and usefulness for integrated analysis in addition to an assessment of their risk using the RKI's standardized data protection requirements; developed a framework and workflow to combine social listening and integrated analysis to report back actionable infodemic insights for public health communications by the RKI and stakeholders; and defined criteria for activating integrated analysis structures in the context of a specific health event or health emergency. RESULTS We included and classified 38% (16/42) of the identified and assessed data sources for social listening and integrated analysis at the RKI into 3 categories: social media and web-based listening data, RKI-specific data, and infodemic insights. Most data sources can be analyzed weekly to detect current trends and narratives and to inform a timely response by reporting insights that include a risk assessment and scalar judgments of different narratives and themes. CONCLUSIONS This study identified, assessed, and prioritized a wide range of data sources for social listening and integrated analysis to report actionable infodemic insights, ensuring a valuable first step in establishing and operationalizing infodemic management at the RKI. This case study also serves as a roadmap for others. Ultimately, once operational, these activities will inform better and targeted public health communication at the RKI and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sonia Boender
- Risk Communication Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Houareau
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvan Wehrli
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Research, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina D Purnat
- Health Emergencies Programme, Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Atsuyoshi Ishizumi
- Health Emergencies Programme, Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Wilhelm
- School of Public Health Information Futures Lab, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Lothar H Wieler
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Digital Global Public Health, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Mavragani A, Xie F, An X, Lan X, Liu C, Yan L, Zhang H. Evolution of Public Attitudes and Opinions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination During the Vaccine Campaign in China: Year-Long Infodemiology Study of Weibo Posts. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42671. [PMID: 36795467 PMCID: PMC9937109 DOI: 10.2196/42671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring people's perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial for understanding public vaccination hesitancy and developing effective, targeted vaccine promotion strategies. Although this is widely recognized, studies on the evolution of public opinion over the course of an actual vaccination campaign are rare. OBJECTIVE We aimed to track the evolution of public opinion and sentiment toward COVID-19 vaccines in online discussions over an entire vaccination campaign. Moreover, we aimed to reveal the pattern of gender differences in attitudes and perceptions toward vaccination. METHODS We collected COVID-19 vaccine-related posts by the general public that appeared on Sina Weibo from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021; this period covered the entire vaccination process in China. We identified popular discussion topics using latent Dirichlet allocation. We further examined changes in public sentiment and topics during the 3 stages of the vaccination timeline. Gender differences in perceptions toward vaccination were also investigated. RESULTS Of 495,229 crawled posts, 96,145 original posts from individual accounts were included. Most posts presented positive sentiments (positive: 65,981/96,145, 68.63%; negative: 23,184/96,145, 24.11%; neutral: 6980/96,145, 7.26%). The average sentiment scores were 0.75 (SD 0.35) for men and 0.67 (SD 0.37) for women. The overall trends in sentiment scores showed a mixed response to the number of new cases and significant events related to vaccine development and important holidays. The sentiment scores showed a weak correlation with new case numbers (R=0.296; P=.03). Significant sentiment score differences were observed between men and women (P<.001). Common and distinguishing characteristics were found among frequently discussed topics during the different stages, with significant differences in topic distribution between men and women (January 1, 2021, to March 31, 2021: χ23=3030.9; April 1, 2021, to September 30, 2021: χ24=8893.8; October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021: χ25=3019.5; P<.001). Women were more concerned with side effects and vaccine effectiveness. In contrast, men reported broader concerns around the global pandemic, the progress of vaccine development, and economics affected by the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Understanding public concerns regarding vaccination is essential for reaching vaccine-induced herd immunity. This study tracked the year-long evolution of attitudes and opinions on COVID-19 vaccines according to the different stages of vaccination in China. These findings provide timely information that will enable the government to understand the reasons for low vaccine uptake and promote COVID-19 vaccination nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Xie
- Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu An
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Lan
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunhe Liu
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Niu Q, Liu J, Kato M, Nagai-Tanima M, Aoyama T. The Effect of Fear of Infection and Sufficient Vaccine Reservation Information on Rapid COVID-19 Vaccination in Japan: Evidence From a Retrospective Twitter Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37466. [PMID: 35649182 PMCID: PMC9186499 DOI: 10.2196/37466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global public health and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been substantial, rendering herd immunity by COVID-19 vaccination an important factor for protecting people and retrieving the economy. Among all the countries, Japan became one of the countries with the highest COVID-19 vaccination rates in several months, although vaccine confidence in Japan is the lowest worldwide. OBJECTIVE We attempted to find the reasons for rapid COVID-19 vaccination in Japan given its lowest vaccine confidence levels worldwide, through Twitter analysis. METHODS We downloaded COVID-19-related Japanese tweets from a large-scale public COVID-19 Twitter chatter data set within the timeline of February 1 and September 30, 2021. The daily number of vaccination cases was collected from the official website of the Prime Minister's Office of Japan. After preprocessing, we applied unigram and bigram token analysis and then calculated the cross-correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the term frequency and daily vaccination cases. We then identified vaccine sentiments and emotions of tweets and used the topic modeling to look deeper into the dominant emotions. RESULTS We selected 190,697 vaccine-related tweets after filtering. Through n-gram token analysis, we discovered the top unigrams and bigrams over the whole period. In all the combinations of the top 6 unigrams, tweets with both keywords "reserve" and "venue" showed the largest correlation with daily vaccination cases (r=0.912; P<.001). On sentiment analysis, negative sentiment overwhelmed positive sentiment, and fear was the dominant emotion across the period. For the latent Dirichlet allocation model on tweets with fear emotion, the two topics were identified as "infect" and "vaccine confidence." The expectation of the number of tweets generated from topic "infect" was larger than that generated from topic "vaccine confidence." CONCLUSIONS Our work indicates that awareness of the danger of COVID-19 might increase the willingness to get vaccinated. With a sufficient vaccine supply, effective delivery of vaccine reservation information may be an important factor for people to get vaccinated. We did not find evidence for increased vaccine confidence in Japan during the period of our study. We recommend policy makers to share accurate and prompt information about the infectious diseases and vaccination and to make efforts on smoother delivery of vaccine reservation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Kato
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nagai-Tanima
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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