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Kerr J, Smith A, Nzama N, Bullock NAA, Chandler C, Osezua V, Johnson K, Rozema I, Metzger IW, Harris LM, Bond K, LaPreze D, Rice BM. Systematic Review of Neighborhood Factors Impacting HIV Care Continuum Participation in the United States. J Urban Health 2024; 101:31-63. [PMID: 38093034 PMCID: PMC10897076 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Social determinants have been increasingly implicated in accelerating HIV vulnerability, particularly for disenfranchised communities. Among these determinants, neighborhood factors play an important role in undermining HIV prevention. However, there has been little research comprehensively examining the impact of neighborhood factors on HIV care continuum participation in the US. To address this, we conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022359787) to determine neighborhood factors most frequently associated with diminished HIV care continuum participation. Peer-reviewed studies were included if published between 2013 - 2022, centralized in the US, and analyzed a neighborhood factor with at least one aspect of the HIV care continuum. The review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Study quality was guided by LEGEND (Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision) evaluation guidelines. Systematic review analysis was conducted using Covidence software. There were 3,192 studies identified for initial screening. Forty-four were included for review after eliminating duplicates, title/abstract screening, and eligibility assessment. Social and economic disenfranchisement of neighborhoods negatively impacts HIV care continuum participation among persons living with HIV. In particular, five key neighborhood factors (socioeconomic status, segregation, social disorder, stigma, and care access) were associated with challenged HIV care continuum participation. Race moderated relationships between neighborhood quality and HIV care continuum participation. Structural interventions addressing neighborhood social and economic challenges may have favorable downstream effects for improving HIV care continuum participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelani Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Adrienne Smith
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nqobile Nzama
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nana Ama Aya Bullock
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cristian Chandler
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victory Osezua
- Public Health Program, Gwynedd Mercy University, Gwynedd Valley, PA, USA
| | - Karen Johnson
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Isabel Rozema
- University of Louisville Health, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Isha W Metzger
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lesley M Harris
- Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Keosha Bond
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dani LaPreze
- Kornhauser Health Sciences Library, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bridgette M Rice
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
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Kanamori M, Shrader CH, Stoler J, de Santana SA, Williams M. Geographic Accessibility of HIV Preventive Services for Young Latino Men in Miami, Florida: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2021; 32:68-78. [PMID: 33055531 PMCID: PMC10102895 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The U.S. HIV incidence has decreased or stabilized among all subgroups except for young Latino men who have sex with men (YLMSM). Previous research has suggested that Latinos experience geographic accessibility barriers to YLMSM-friendly HIV prevention services. We aimed to characterize the geographic accessibility of young Latinos ages 15-29 years to HIV preventive services in Miami-Dade County, the domestic HIV epicenter. Using ArcMap, we created a density map of 18 YLMSM-friendly HIV programs, then used Network Analysis Tools to generate service areas describing time and travel distance for walking, public transit, and driving. Our results show that accessibility to YLMSM-friendly HIV prevention services by YLMSM varies by mode of transportation. Of YLMSM, HIV prevention services are available to 2% by walking, 19% by public transit, and 70% by driving. To increase accessibility, future public health interventions should use geographic information system and geodemographic data to identify areas for culturally appropriate service expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cho-Hee Shrader
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Justin Stoler
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Geography and Regional Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami; Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mark Williams
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Li J, Berg CJ, Kramer MR, Haardörfer R, Zlotorzynska M, Sanchez TH. An Integrated Examination of County- and Individual-Level Factors in Relation to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness, Willingness to Use, and Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the US. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1721-1736. [PMID: 30430340 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the extent to which county- and individual-level factors were associated with awareness, willingness to use, and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among US men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted multilevel analyses using a sample of 8338 MSM residing in 1257 US counties drawn from the 2014-2015 American Men's Internet Survey to examine these associations, with focuses on variation in PrEP outcomes across counties and proportion variation explained by county-level factors (HIV prevalence, racial composition, median household income, income inequality, health insurance coverage). Results showed that PrEP awareness varied moderately across counties (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 7.7%), willingness to use did not vary; however, the actual use varied substantially (ICC = 20.7%). Half of the variation in awareness and use was explained by county-level factors. Higher median household income was associated with greater likelihood of awareness and use. Higher income inequality was associated with greater likelihood of PrEP awareness. Findings can inform the development of multilevel interventions to address PrEP uptake among MSM and identify communities where structural intervention is most needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojiashan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Zlotorzynska
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Travis H Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Lopes BLW, Eron JJ, Mugavero MJ, Miller WC, Napravnik S. HIV Care Initiation Delay Among Rural Residents in the Southeastern United States, 1996 to 2012. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 76:171-176. [PMID: 28639994 PMCID: PMC5850947 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delaying HIV care initiation may lead to greater morbidity, mortality, and further HIV transmission. Rural residence may be associated with delayed diagnosis and linkage to care, with negative clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between rural patient residence and CD4 cell count at HIV care initiation in a large HIV clinical cohort in the Southeastern United States. METHODS We included HIV-infected patients who initiated care between 1996 and 2012 with a geocodable address and no previous history of HIV clinical care. Patient residence was categorized as urban or rural using United States Department of Agriculture Rural Urban Commuting Area codes. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to estimate the association between patient residence and CD4 cell count at HIV care initiation. RESULTS Among 1396 patients who met study inclusion criteria, 988 had a geocodable address. Overall, 35% of patients resided in rural areas and presented to HIV care with a mean CD4 cell count of 351 cells/mm (SD, 290). Care initiation mean CD4 cell counts increased from 329 cells/mm (SD, 283) in 1996-2003 to 391 cells/mm (SD, 292) in 2008-2012 (P = 0.006). Rural in comparison with urban patients presented with lower CD4 cell counts with an unadjusted and adjusted mean difference of -48 cells/mm [95% confidence interval, -86 to -10) and -37 cells/mm (95% confidence interval: -73 to -2), respectively, consistently observed across calendar years. CONCLUSIONS HIV care initiation at low CD4 cell counts was common in this Southeastern US cohort and more common among rural area residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brettania L W Lopes
- *Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; †Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; ‡Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and §Department of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Nasrinpour HR, Reimer AA, Friesen MR, McLeod RD. Data Preparation for West Nile Virus Agent-Based Modelling: Protocol for Processing Bird Population Estimates and Incorporating ArcMap in AnyLogic. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e138. [PMID: 28716770 PMCID: PMC5537560 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile Virus (WNV) was first isolated in 1937. Since the 1950s, many outbreaks have occurred in various countries. The first appearance of infected birds in Manitoba, Canada was in 2002. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the data preparation phase of setting up a geographic information system (GIS) simulation environment for WNV Agent-Based Modelling in Manitoba. METHODS The main technology used in this protocol is based on AnyLogic and ArcGIS software. A diverse variety of topics and techniques regarding the data collection phase are presented, as modelling WNV has many disparate attributes, including landscape and weather impacts on mosquito population dynamics and birds' roosting locations, population count, and movement patterns. RESULTS Different maps were combined to create a grid land cover map of Manitoba, Canada in a shapefile format compatible with AnyLogic, in order to modulate mosquito parameters. A significant amount of data regarding 152 bird species, along with their population estimates and locations in Manitoba, were gathered and assembled. Municipality shapefile maps were converted to built-in AnyLogic GIS regions for better compatibility with census data and initial placement of human agents. Accessing shapefiles and their databases in AnyLogic are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS AnyLogic simulation software in combination with Esri ArcGIS provides a powerful toolbox for developers and modellers to simulate almost any GIS-based environment or process. This research should be useful to others working on a variety of mosquito-borne diseases (eg, Zika, dengue, and chikungunya) by demonstrating the importance of data relating to Manitoba and/or introducing procedures to compile such data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nasrinpour
- University of Manitoba, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alexander A Reimer
- University of Manitoba, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marcia R Friesen
- University of Manitoba, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert D McLeod
- University of Manitoba, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Bauermeister JA, Connochie D, Eaton L, Demers M, Stephenson R. Geospatial Indicators of Space and Place: A Review of Multilevel Studies of HIV Prevention and Care Outcomes Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:446-464. [PMID: 28135857 PMCID: PMC5623108 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1271862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM), particularly YMSM who are racial/ethnic minorities, are disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. These HIV disparities have been linked to demographic, social, and physical geospatial characteristics. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the existing evidence from multilevel studies examining how geospatial characteristics are associated with HIV prevention and care outcomes among YMSM populations. Our literature search uncovered 126 peer-reviewed articles, of which 17 were eligible for inclusion based on our review criteria. Nine studies examined geospatial characteristics as predictors of HIV prevention outcomes. Nine of the 17 studies reported HIV care outcomes. From the synthesis regarding the current state of research around geospatial correlates of behavioral and biological HIV risk, we propose strategies to move the field forward in order to inform the design of future multilevel research and intervention studies for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Eaton
- b Department of Psychology , University of Connecticut
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Frew PM, Parker K, Vo L, Haley D, O'Leary A, Diallo DD, Golin CE, Kuo I, Soto-Torres L, Wang J, Adimora AA, Randall LA, Del Rio C, Hodder S. Socioecological factors influencing women's HIV risk in the United States: qualitative findings from the women's HIV SeroIncidence study (HPTN 064). BMC Public Health 2016; 16:803. [PMID: 27530401 PMCID: PMC4988035 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to understand the multilevel syndemic factors that are concurrently contributing to the HIV epidemic among women living in the US. We specifically examined community, network, dyadic, and individual factors to explain HIV vulnerability within a socioecological framework. Methods We gathered qualitative data (120 interviews and 31 focus groups) from a subset of women ages 18–44 years (N = 2,099) enrolled in the HPTN 064 HIV seroincidence estimation study across 10 US communities. We analyzed data from 4 diverse locations: Atlanta, New York City (the Bronx), Raleigh, and Washington, DC. Data were thematically coded using grounded theory methodology. Intercoder reliability was assessed to evaluate consistency of team-based coding practices. Results The following themes were identified at 4 levels including 1) exosystem (community): poverty prevalence, discrimination, gender imbalances, community violence, and housing challenges; 2) mesosystem (network): organizational social support and sexual concurrency; 3) microsystem (dyadic): sex exchange, interpersonal social support, intimate partner violence; and 4) individual: HIV/STI awareness, risk taking, and substance use. A strong theme emerged with over 80 % of responses linked to the fundamental role of financial insecurity underlying risk-taking behavioral pathways. Conclusions Multilevel syndemic factors contribute to women’s vulnerability to HIV in the US. Financial insecurity is a predominant theme, suggesting the need for tailored programming for women to reduce HIV risk. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00995176
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Frew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Road, Suite 300, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA. .,Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Suite 8050, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Kimberly Parker
- Department of Health Studies, Texas Woman's University, CFO Bldg - 1007, PO Box 425499, Denton, TX, 76204, USA
| | - Linda Vo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Road, Suite 300, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Haley
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Ann O'Leary
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | | | - Carol E Golin
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Irene Kuo
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Lydia Soto-Torres
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adaora A Adimora
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura A Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Road, Suite 300, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Carlos Del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Road, Suite 300, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Suite 8050, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sally Hodder
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, HSC-South 2244, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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