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Al-Momani H, Aolymat I, Ibrahim L, Albalawi H, Al Balawi D, Albiss BA, Almasri M, Alghweiri S. Low-dose zinc oxide nanoparticles trigger the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a hormetic response. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 39095741 PMCID: PMC11297655 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormesis describes an inverse dose-response relationship, whereby a high dose of a toxic compound is inhibitory, and a low dose is stimulatory. This study explores the hormetic response of low concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHOD Samples of P. aeruginosa, i.e. the reference strain, ATCC 27,853, together with six strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis, were exposed to ten decreasing ZnO NPs doses (0.78-400 µg/mL). The ZnO NPs were manufactured from Peganum harmala using a chemical green synthesis approach, and their properties were verified utilizing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A microtiter plate technique was employed to investigate the impact of ZnO NPs on the growth, biofilm formation and metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to determine the effect of ZnO NPs on the expression of seven biofilm-encoding genes. RESULT The ZnO NPs demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal and antibiofilm efficiency at concentrations of 100-400 µg/mL. However, growth was significantly stimulated at ZnO NPs concentration of 25 µg/mL (ATCC 27853, Pa 3 and Pa 4) and at 12.5 µg/mL and 6.25 µg/mL (ATCC 27853, Pa 2, Pa 4 and Pa 5). No significant positive growth was detected at dilutions < 6.25 µg/mL. similarly, biofilm formation was stimulated at concentration of 12.5 µg/mL (ATCC 27853 and Pa 1) and at 6.25 µg/mL (Pa 4). At concentration of 12.5 µg/mL, ZnO NPs upregulated the expression of LasB ( ATCC 27853, Pa 1 and Pa 4) and LasR and LasI (ATCC 27853 and Pa 1) as well as RhII expression (ATCC 27853, Pa 2 and Pa 4). CONCLUSION When exposed to low ZnO NPs concentrations, P. aeruginosa behaves in a hormetic manner, undergoing positive growth and biofilm formation. These results highlight the importance of understanding the response of P. aeruginosa following exposure to low ZnO NPs concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Lujain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Albalawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Borhan Aldeen Albiss
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Muna Almasri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sahar Alghweiri
- Medical Laboratory Department, Prince Hashem Military Hospital, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
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Naranjo MF, Kumar A, Ratrey P, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation of an additive combination of two antimicrobial agents, clofazimine and nisin A, to boost antimicrobial activity. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1558-1568. [PMID: 38252026 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is one of the top ten issues that pose a major threat to humanity. The lack of investment by the pharmaceutical industry has meant fewer novel antimicrobial agents are in development, exacerbating the problem. Emerging drug design strategies are exploring the repurposing of existing drugs and the utilization of novel drug candidates, like antimicrobial peptides, to combat drug resistance. This proactive approach is crucial in fighting global health threats. In this study, an additive combination of a repurposed anti-leprosy drug, clofazimine, and an antimicrobial peptide, nisin A, are preformulated using liquid antisolvent precipitation to generate a stable amorphous, ionized nanoparticle system to boost antimicrobial activity. The nanotechnology aims to improve the physicochemical properties of the inherently poorly water-soluble clofazimine molecules while also harnessing the previously unreported additive effect of clofazimine and nisin A. The approach transformed clofazimine into a more water-soluble salt, yielding amorphous nanoparticles stabilized by the antimicrobial peptide; and combined the two drugs into a more soluble and more active formulation. Blending pre-formulation strategies like amorphization, salt formation, and nanosizing to improve the inherent low aqueous solubility of drugs can open many new possibilities for the design of new antimicrobial agents. This fusion of pre-formulation technologies in combination with the multi-hurdle approach of selecting drugs with different effects on microbes could be key in the design platform of new antibiotics in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Flores Naranjo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Poonam Ratrey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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Lin H, Ning X, Wang D, Wang Q, Bai Y, Qu J. Quorum-sensing gene regulates hormetic effects induced by sulfonamides in Comamonadaceae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0166223. [PMID: 38047646 PMCID: PMC10734536 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01662-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Antibiotics can induce dose-dependent hormetic effects on bacterial cell proliferation, i.e., low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. However, the underlying molecular basis has yet to be clarified. Here, we showed that sulfonamides play dual roles as a weapon and signal against Comamonas testosteroni that can modulate cell physiology and phenotype. Subsequently, through investigating the hormesis mechanism, we proposed a comprehensive regulatory pathway for the hormetic effects of Comamonas testosteroni low-level sulfonamides and determined the generality of the observed regulatory model in the Comamonadaceae family. Considering the prevalence of Comamonadaceae in human guts and environmental ecosystems, we provide critical insights into the health and ecological effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ning
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Donglin Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liang H, Zhang J, Hu J, Li X, Li B. Fluoroquinolone Residues in the Environment Rapidly Induce Heritable Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4784-4795. [PMID: 36917150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensive antibiotic use increases the environmental presence of their residues and may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance, although this remains poorly understood at environmentally relevant concentrations. Herein, susceptible Escherichia coli K12 was continuously exposed to five antibiotics at such concentrations for 100 days. The de novo-evolved mutants rapidly obtained fluoroquinolone resistance within 10 days, as indicated by the 4- and 16-fold augmentation of minimum inhibitory concentrations against enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, the mutants maintained heritable fluoroquinolone resistance after the withdrawal of antibiotics for 30 days. Genomic analysis identified Asp87Gly or Ser83Leu substitutions in the gyrA gene in the mutants. Transcriptomics data showed that the transcriptional response of the mutants to fluoroquinolones was primarily involved in biofilm formation, cellular motility, porin, oxidative stress defense, and energy metabolism. Homologous recombination and molecular docking revealed that mutations of gyrA primarily mainly conferred fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations at different positions of gyrA likely endowed different fluoroquinolone resistance levels. Collectively, this study revealed that environmentally relevant concentrations of antibiotics could rapidly induce heritable antibiotic resistance; therefore, the discharge of antibiotics into the environment should be rigorously controlled to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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The Hormetic Effect Observed for Benzalkonium Chloride and Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride in Serratia sp. HRI. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030564. [PMID: 36985138 PMCID: PMC10057160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormesis, or the hormetic effect, is a dose- or concentration-dependent response characterised by growth stimulation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. The impact of sub-lethal levels of disinfectants on the growth of Serratia species is critical to understanding the increasing number of outbreaks caused by this pathogen in healthcare settings. Serratia sp. HRI and Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880 were cultivated in sub-lethal levels of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and VirukillTM. The maximum specific growth rates, doubling times, and cell counts were compared. The results revealed significant increases in maximum specific growth rates and shorter doubling times for Serratia sp. HRI when cultivated in sub-lethal levels of BAC and DDAC. The significant stimulatory effect of sub-lethal levels of these disinfectants for Serratia sp. HRI represents the first time hormesis has been observed in a Gram-negative bacterium for any disinfectant. Furthermore, this study is the first to observe the hormetic effect after treatment with DDAC and the second study to date analysing the impact of sub-lethal levels of disinfectants on the growth of bacterial species.
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Baghersad S, Hivechi A, Bahrami SH, Brouki Milan P, Siegel RA, Amoupour M. Optimal Aloe vera encapsulated PCL/Gel nanofiber design for skin substitute application and the evaluation of its in vivo implantation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Agathokleous E, Santocono C, Russo F, Vetrani I, Fedele M, Calabrese EJ. Hormetic dose responses induced by antibiotics in bacteria: A phantom menace to be thoroughly evaluated to address the environmental risk and tackle the antibiotic resistance phenomenon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149255. [PMID: 34340082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The environmental contamination of antibiotics caused by their over or inappropriate use is a major issue for environmental and human health since it can adversely impact the ecosystems and promote the antimicrobial resistance. Indeed, considering that in the environmental matrices these drugs are present at low levels, the possibility that bacteria exhibit a hormetic response to increase their resilience when exposed to antibiotic subinhibitory concentrations might represent a serious threat. Information reported in this review showed that exposure to different types of antibiotics, either administered individually or in mixtures, is capable of exerting hormetic effects on bacteria at environmentally relevant concentrations. These responses have been reported regardless of the type of bacterium or antibiotic, thus suggesting that hormesis would be a generalized adaptive mechanism implemented by bacteria to strengthen their resistance to antibiotics. Hormetic effects included growth, bioluminescence and motility of bacteria, their ability to produce biofilm, but also the frequency of mutation and plasmid conjugative transfer. The evaluation of quantitative features of antibiotic-induced hormesis showed that these responses have both maximum stimulation and dose width characteristics similar to those already reported in the literature for other stressors. Notably, mixtures comprising individual antibiotic inducing stimulatory responses might have distinct combined effects based on antagonistic, synergistic or additive interactions between components. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of action underlying the aforementioned effects, we put forward the hypothesis that the adoption of adaptive/defensive responses would be driven by the ability of antibiotic low doses to modulate the transcriptional activity of bacteria. Overall, our findings suggest that hormesis plays a pivotal role in affecting the bacterial behavior in order to acquire a survival advantage. Therefore, a proactive and effective risk assessment should necessarily take due account of the hormesis concept to adequately evaluate the risks to ecosystems and human health posed by antibiotic environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Carolina Santocono
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vetrani
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mauro Fedele
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhou L, Zhao Z. Impacts of antibiotics on biofilm bacterial community and disinfection performance on simulated drinking water supply pipe wall. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117736. [PMID: 34256291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of antibiotics is accelerating the spread of resistance risk in the environment. In drinking water supply systems, the effect of antibiotics on the resistance of biofilm is unclear, and there have been few studies in disinfectant-containing systems. Here, we designed a series of drinking water supply reactors to investigate the effects of antibiotics on biofilm and bacteria in the water. At low concentrations, antibiotics could promote the growth of bacteria in biofilm; among the tested antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfadiazine and chloramphenicol), tetracycline had the strongest ability to promote this. And the antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) could inhibit the growth of bacteria in drinking water. Results have shown that antibiotics enhanced the bacterial chlorine resistance in the effluent, but reduced that in the biofilm. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis showed that antibiotics reduced the richness of biofilm communities. The dominant phyla in the biofilm were Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Firmicutes. In tetracycline-treated biofilm, the dominant phylum was Planctomycetes. In sulfadiazine- and chloramphenicol-treated groups, bacteria with complex cell structures preferentially accumulated. The dominant class in biofilm in the ARB-added group was Gammaproteobacteria. The abundance of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) was correlated with biofilm community structure. This study shows that antibiotics make the biofilm community structure of drinking water more resistant to chlorine. ARGs may be selective for certain bacteria in the process, and there may ultimately be enhanced chlorine and antibiotic resistance of effluent bacteria in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Jimei District, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06864. [PMID: 34729092 PMCID: PMC8546800 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. The FARSC for these four tetracyclines was estimated. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, whilst for doxycycline no suitable data for the assessment were available. Uncertainties and data gaps associated with the levels reported were addressed. It was recommended to perform further studies to supply more diverse and complete data related to the requirements for calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.
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Yang L, Wang J, Cheke RA, Tang S. A Universal Delayed Difference Model Fitting Dose-response Curves. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211062785. [PMID: 34987337 PMCID: PMC8689633 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211062785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dose-response curves, which fit a multitude of experimental data derived from toxicology, are widely used in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields. Although there are many dose-response models for fitting dose-response curves, the application of these models is limited by many restrictions and lacks universality, so there is a need for a novel, universal dynamical model that can improve fits to various types of dose-response curves. METHODS We expand the hormetic Ricker model, taking the delay inherent in the dose-response into account, and develop a novel and dynamic delayed Ricker difference model (DRDM) to fit various types of dose-response curves. Furthermore, we compare the DRDM with other dose-response models to confirm that it can mimic different types of dose-response curves. DATA ANALYSIS By fitting various types of dose-response data sets derived from drug applications, disease treatment, pest control, and plant management, and comparing the imitative effect of the DRDM with other models, we find that the DRDM fits monotonic dose-response data well and, in most circumstances, the DRDM has a better imitative effect to non-monotonic dose-response data with hormesis than other models do. RESULTS The MSE of fits of the DRDM to S-shaped dose-response data (DS2-G) is not lower than those for four other models, but the MSE of fits to U-shaped (DS7) and inverted U-shaped dose-response data (DS10) were lower than for two other models. This means that the imitative effect of the DRDM is comparable to other models of monotonic dose-response data, but is a significant improvement compared to traditional models of non-monotonic dose-response data with hormesis. CONCLUSION We propose a novel dynamic model (DRDM) for fitting to various types of dose-response curves, which can reflect the dynamic trend of the population growth compared with traditional static dose-response models. By analyzing data, we have confirmed that the DRDM provides an ideal description of various dose-response observations and it can be used to fit a wide range of dose-response data sets, especially for hormetic data sets. Therefore, we conclude that the DRDM has a good universality for dose-response curve fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Robert A. Cheke
- Natural Resources Institute, the University of Greenwich, UK
| | - Sanyi Tang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Li W, Shi C, Yu Y, Ruan Y, Kong D, Lv X, Xu P, Awasthi MK, Dong M. Interrelationships between tetracyclines and nitrogen cycling processes mediated by microorganisms: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124036. [PMID: 33032187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low cost, tetracyclines (TCs) are a class of antibiotics widely used for human and veterinary medical purposes and as a growth-promoting agent for aquaculture. Interrelationships between TCs and nitrogen cycling have attracted scientific attention due to the complicated processes mediated by microorganisms. TCs negatively impact the nitrogen cycling; however, simultaneous degradation of TCs during nitrogen cycling mediated by microorganisms can be achieved. This review encapsulates the background and distribution of TCs in the environment. Additionally, the main nitrogen cycling process mediated by microorganisms were retrospectively examined. Furthermore, effects of TCs on the nitrogen cycling processes, namely nitrification, denitrification, and anammox, have been summarized. Finally, the pathway and microbial mechanism of degradation of TCs accompanied by nitrogen cycling processes were reviewed, along with the scope for prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Changze Shi
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- Zhejiang Water Healer Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yunjie Ruan
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dedong Kong
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Li X, Shi J, Sun H, Lin Z. Hormetic dose-dependent response about typical antibiotics and their mixtures on plasmid conjugative transfer of Escherichia coli and its relationship with toxic effects on growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111300. [PMID: 32961492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics has attracted worldwide attention. However, there are few studies exploring bacterial resistance under the environmental exposure condition of antibiotics that is featured by low-dose and mixture. In this study, sulfonamides (SAs), sulfonamide potentiators (SAPs) and tetracyclines (TCs) were used to determine the effects of antibiotics on plasmid RP4 conjugative transfer of Escherichia coli (E. coli) under single or combined exposure, and the relationship between the effects of antibiotics on conjugative transfer and growth was investigated. The results show that the effects of single or binary antibiotics on plasmid RP4 conjugative transfer all exhibit a hormetic phenomenon. The linear regression reveals that the concentrations of the three antibiotics promoting conjugative transfer are correlated with the concentrations promoting growth and the physicochemical properties of the compounds. The combined effects of SAs-SAPs and SAs-TCs on plasmid conjugative transfer are mainly synergistic and antagonistic. While SAPs provide more effective concentrations for the promotion of conjugative transfer in SAs-SAPs mixtures, SAs play a more important role in promoting conjugative transfer in SAs-TCs mixtures. Mechanism explanation shows that SAs, SAPs and TCs inhibit bacterial growth by acting on their target proteins DHPS, DHFR and 30S ribosomal subunit, respectively. This study indicates that toxic stress stimulates the occurrence of conjugative transfer and promotes the development of bacterial resistance, which will provide a reference for resistance risk assessment of antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junyi Shi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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13
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Tong M, Li X, Luo Q, Yang C, Lou W, Liu H, Du C, Nie L, Zhong Y. Effects of humic acids on biotoxicity of tetracycline to microalgae Coelastrella sp. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Keerthisinghe TP, Wang F, Wang M, Yang Q, Li J, Yang J, Xi L, Dong W, Fang M. Long-term exposure to TET increases body weight of juvenile zebrafish as indicated in host metabolism and gut microbiome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105705. [PMID: 32283355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of tetracycline (TET) is very common in medical treatment, fisheries, and animal husbandry, resulting in its frequent detection with abundant concentrations in the aquatic environment. Though the effects of TET on zebrafish (Danio rerio) at embryonic and larval stages have been reported, there is very limited information on the possible long-term effect on aquatic fishes at the juvenile stage, especially at environmentally relevant levels. In this study, we have exposed juvenile zebrafish to two levels of TET at 1 and 100 µg/L for one month until their adulthood. The result showed that both levels of TET can significantly increase the body weight of the zebrafish, while there is no change in the body length. TET exposure also affected the liver microstructure by lipid vacuoles generation and global lipidomics analysis revealed a significant upregulation in hepatic triglyceride (TAG) levels. The metabolomics analysis showed great dysregulations in hepatic metabolic pathways including linoleic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and methionine metabolism, which are known to be linked with increased body weight gain through hepatic lipid accumulation. The hepatic gene expression involved in lipid transport (e.g., apoa4 and fabp11) and lipogenic factors (e.g., ppar) have been significantly upregulated in the livers of TET exposed zebrafish. Interestingly, the 16 rRNA gene sequence-based zebrafish gut microbial community analysis revealed an enhanced community diversity and altered microbial community composition upon TET exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that TET exposure can increase the body weight in juvenile zebrafish and the study on the ecotoxicity of antibiotic occurrences in the aquatic system can be further warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi Prabha Keerthisinghe
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Feng Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mengjing Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Lin Xi
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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15
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Yi X, Kazlauskas R, Travisano M. Evolutionary innovation using EDGE, a system for localized elevated mutagenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232330. [PMID: 32353078 PMCID: PMC7192385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations arising across the whole genome can hinder the emergence of evolutionary innovation required for adaptation because many mutations are deleterious. This trade-off is overcome by elevated mutagenesis to localized loci. Examples include phase variation and diversity-generating retroelements. However, these mechanisms are rare in nature; and all have narrow mutational spectra limiting evolutionary innovation. Here, we engineer a platform of Experimental Designed Genic Evolution (EDGE) to study the potential for evolutionary novelty at a single locus. Experimental evolution with EDGE shows that bacterial resistance to a novel antibiotic readily evolves, provided that elevated mutagenesis is focused on a relevant gene. A model is proposed to account for the cost and benefit of such single loci to adaptation in a changing environment and explains their high mutation rates, limited innovation, and the rarity of localized mutagenesis in nature. Overall, our results suggest that localized mutation systems can facilitate continuing adaptive evolution without necessarily restricting the spectrum of mutations. EDGE has utility in dissecting the complex process of adaptation with its localized, efficient evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yi
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Romas Kazlauskas
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael Travisano
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Técher D, Grosjean N, Sohm B, Blaudez D, Le Jean M. Not merely noxious? Time-dependent hormesis and differential toxic effects systematically induced by rare earth elements in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5640-5649. [PMID: 31845278 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive rare earth element (REE) enrichment in aquatic environments worldwide and their resulting anthropogenic anomalies have highlighted the need for a better understanding of their biological effects, with a special emphasis on microbial cells since they play a crucial role in good ecosystem functioning. Therefore, the primary aim of this work was to achieve simultaneous characterization of the 16 REE toxicity effects on the growth kinetics of the commonly found Gram-negative bacterium E. coli (BW25113 strain). Bacterial growth curve modelling showed hormetic effects in the presence of REEs, while EC50 determination (in the mid-log phase) indicated that the four HREEs from Er to Lu in addition to Y were the most toxic metals (EC50 in the range of 8.3 to 3 μM), just after Sc (EC50 of 1.1 μM). Additional subcellular parameter assessment revealed cell membrane lipid peroxidation as well as enhanced membrane depolarization and permeability in the presence of La, Gd, or Yb as representatives of LREEs and HREEs. These subcellular effects appeared to be more intense with Gd and Yb compared with La-exposed cells, in relation to the overall higher toxicity potential reported for HREEs on bacterial growth. Also, the cellular ATP production decreased after REE exposure at their EC50. Finally, these results emphasize the importance of growth kinetic consideration as well as the complexity of REE biological effect mechanisms towards bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Técher
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
- Cerema, Laboratoire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Grosjean
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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17
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Ge H, Zhou M, Lv D, Wang M, Xie D, Yang X, Dong C, Li S, Lin P. Novel Segmented Concentration Addition Method to Predict Mixture Hormesis of Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride and Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride to Aliivibrio fischeri. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E481. [PMID: 31940888 PMCID: PMC7013428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a concentration-response phenomenon characterized by low-concentration stimulation and high-concentration inhibition, which typically has a nonmonotonic J-shaped concentration-response curve (J-CRC). The concentration addition (CA) model is the gold standard for studying mixture toxicity. However, the CA model had the predictive blind zone (PBZ) for mixture J-CRC. To solve the PBZ problem, we proposed a segmented concentration addition (SCA) method to predict mixture J-CRC, which was achieved through fitting the left and right segments of component J-CRC and performing CA prediction subsequently. We selected two model compounds including chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTCC) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCC), both of which presented J-CRC to Aliivibrio fischeri (AVF). The seven binary mixtures (M1-M7) of CTCC and OTCC were designed according to their molar ratios of 12:1, 10:3, 8:5, 1:1, 5:8, 3:10, and 1:12 referring to the direct equipartition ray design. These seven mixtures all presented J-CRC to AVF. Based on the SCA method, we obtained mixture maximum stimulatory effect concentration (ECm) and maximum stimulatory effect (Em) predicted by SCA, both of which were not available for the CA model. The toxicity interactions of these mixtures were systematically evaluated by using a comprehensive approach, including the co-toxicity coefficient integrated with confidence interval method (CTCICI), CRC, and isobole analysis. The results showed that the interaction types were additive and antagonistic action, without synergistic action. In addition, we proposed the cross point (CP) hypothesis for toxic interactive mixtures presenting J-CRC, that there was generally a CP between mixture observed J-CRC and CA predicted J-CRC; the relative positions of observed and predicted CRCs on either side of the CP would exchange, but the toxic interaction type of mixtures remained unchanged. The CP hypothesis needs to be verified by more mixtures, especially those with synergism. In conclusion, the SCA method is expected to have important theoretical and practical significance for mixture hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ge
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Min Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Defang Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinfeng Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Cunzhu Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Lin
- Fujian SCUD Power Technology Co., Ltd., Fujian 350004, China;
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18
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Capolupo M, Díaz-Garduño B, Martín-Díaz ML. The impact of propranolol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and gemfibrozil on early life stages of marine organisms: effects and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32196-32209. [PMID: 30220067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitously detected in the marine environment at the ng-μg/L range. Given their biological activity, these compounds are known to induce detrimental effects on biota at relatively low exposure levels; however, whether they affect early life stages of marine species is still unclear. In this study, a set of bioassays was performed to assess the effects of propranolol (PROP), 17-α ethinylestradiol (EE2), and gemfibrozil (GEM) on gamete fertilization and embryonic development of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus), and on the survival of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Treatments of PROP (500, 5000, 50,000 ng/L), EE2 (5, 50, 500 ng/L), and GEM (50, 500, 5000 ng/L) were selected to encompass levels comparable or superior to environmental concentrations. Obtained data were tested for dose-response curve fitting and the lowest EC10/LC10 used to calculate risk quotients (RQs) based on the MEC/PNEC. No alteration was induced by PROP on the mussel gamete fertilization, while inhibitory effects were observed at environmental levels of EE2 (500 ng/L) and GEM (5000 ng/L). Fertilization was significantly reduced in sea urchin at all PROP and EE2 dosages. The 48-h exposure to all pharmaceuticals induced the onset of morphological abnormalities in either mussel or sea urchin embryos. Alterations were generally observed at environmentally relevant dosages, except for PROP in mussels, in which alterations occurred only at 50,000 ng/L. A decreased survival of seabream larvae was recorded after 96-h exposure to PROP (all treatments), EE2 (50-500 ng/L), and GEM (500 ng/L). A median RQ > 1 was obtained for all pharmaceuticals, assigning a high risk to their occurrence in marine environments. Overall, results showed that current levels of contamination by pharmaceuticals can impact early stages of marine species, which represent critical junctures in the resilience of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capolupo
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, P.zza di P.ta S. Donato 1, 40100, Bologna, Italy.
- Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Laura Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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19
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Božik M, Cejnar P, Maršík P, Klouček P. Data on low-molecular weight proteins of Escherichia coli treated by essential oils components, tetracycline, chlorine and peroxide by MALDI-TOF MS. Data Brief 2018; 21:962-965. [PMID: 30426052 PMCID: PMC6222066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this dataset we provide MALDI-TOF MS spectra of Escherichia coli. The data presented in this article are related to the article entitled “Stress response of Escherichia coli to essential oil components – insights on low-molecular-weight proteins from MALDI-TOF” (Božik et al., 2018) [1]. Essential oils and their components are known for their antibacterial effect. Many studies evaluated the effect of essential oil components (EOCs) on the cell wall, bacterial membranes, and energetic metabolism. But data about low molecular weight proteins (<20 kDa) are limited. Provided data are focused on bacterial response to EOCs; tetracycline, peroxide and chlorine was used as control as common antibiotic and disinfectant agents used against bacteria. These data describe the effect of tested substances to bacterial protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Božik
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Food Science, Kamycká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cejnar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Maršík
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Food Science, Kamycká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klouček
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Food Science, Kamycká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Gambardella C, Morgana S, Bramini M, Rotini A, Manfra L, Migliore L, Piazza V, Garaventa F, Faimali M. Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene microbeads in a battery of marine organisms belonging to different trophic levels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:313-321. [PMID: 30274720 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect ecotoxicological effects of 0.1 μm polystyrene microbeads in marine organisms belonging to different trophic levels. MP build up, lethal and sub-lethal responses were investigated in the bacterium Vibrio anguillarum (culturability), in the green microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta (growth inhibition), in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (mortality and swimming speed alteration) and in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (immobility and swimming speed alteration) exposed to a wide range of microplastic (MP) concentrations (from 0.001 to 10 mg L-1). Survival was not affected in all organisms up to 10 mg L-1, while algal growth inhibition, rotifer and sea urchin larvae swimming behaviour alterations were observed after exposure to MPs. Ingestion was only observed in rotifers and it was directly correlated with sub-lethal effects. These results account for the ecotoxicological risk associated to the polystyrene microbeads, which are able to affect different endpoints in primary producers and consumers (rotifers and sea urchins) since no effects were observed in decomposers. This study points out the importance of using a battery of marine organisms belonging to different trophic levels by studying acute toxicity of MPs at low and high contamination levels, and investigating sub-lethal responses. Further investigations aimed at studying the transfer of these materials through the web are particularly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Morgana
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- IIT, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Alice Rotini
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati, 60, 00144, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Manfra
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati, 60, 00144, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Migliore
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
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21
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Božik M, Cejnar P, Šašková M, Nový P, Maršík P, Klouček P. Stress response of Escherichia coli to essential oil components - insights on low-molecular-weight proteins from MALDI-TOF. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13042. [PMID: 30158663 PMCID: PMC6115441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial effects of essential oils and their components (EOCs) are usually attributed to effects on membranes and metabolism. Studies of the effects of EOCs on protein expression have primarily analysed proteins larger than 10 kDa using gel electrophoresis. In the present study, we used MALDI-TOF-MS to investigate the effects of EOCs on low-molecular-weight proteins. From 297 m/z features, we identified 94 proteins with important differences in expression among untreated samples, samples treated with EOCs, and samples treated with antibiotics, peroxide, or chlorine. The targets of these treatments obviously differ, even among EOCs. In addition to ribosomal proteins, stress-, membrane- and biofilm-related proteins were affected. These findings may provide a basis for identifying new targets of essential oils and synergies with other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Božik
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cejnar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Šašková
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Nový
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Maršík
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klouček
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Akkaya Ö, Pérez-Pantoja DR, Calles B, Nikel PI, de Lorenzo V. The Metabolic Redox Regime of Pseudomonas putida Tunes Its Evolvability toward Novel Xenobiotic Substrates. mBio 2018; 9:e01512-18. [PMID: 30154264 PMCID: PMC6113623 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01512-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution of biodegradation pathways for xenobiotic compounds involving Rieske nonheme iron oxygenases, the transition toward novel substrates is frequently associated with faulty reactions. Such events release reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are endowed with high mutagenic potential. In this study, we evaluated how the operation of the background metabolic network by an environmental bacterium may either foster or curtail the still-evolving pathway for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) catabolism. To this end, the genetically tractable strain Pseudomonas putida EM173 was implanted with the whole genetic complement necessary for the complete biodegradation of 2,4-DNT (recruited from the environmental isolate Burkholderia sp. R34). By using reporter technology and direct measurements of ROS formation, we observed that the engineered P. putida strain experienced oxidative stress when catabolizing the nitroaromatic substrate. However, the formation of ROS was neither translated into significant activation of the SOS response to DNA damage nor did it result in a mutagenic regime (unlike what has been observed in Burkholderia sp. R34, the original host of the pathway). To inspect whether the tolerance of P. putida to oxidative challenges could be traced to its characteristic reductive redox regime, we artificially altered the NAD(P)H pool by means of a water-forming, NADH-specific oxidase. Under the resulting low-NAD(P)H status, catabolism of 2,4-DNT triggered a conspicuous mutagenic and genomic diversification scenario. These results indicate that the background biochemical network of environmental bacteria ultimately determines the evolvability of metabolic pathways. Moreover, the data explain the efficacy of some bacteria (e.g., pseudomonads) to host and evolve with new catabolic routes.IMPORTANCE Some environmental bacteria evolve with new capacities for the aerobic biodegradation of chemical pollutants by adapting preexisting redox reactions to novel compounds. The process typically starts by cooption of enzymes from an available route to act on the chemical structure of the substrate-to-be. The critical bottleneck is generally the first biochemical step, and most of the selective pressure operates on reshaping the initial reaction. The interim uncoupling of the novel substrate to preexisting Rieske nonheme iron oxygenases usually results in formation of highly mutagenic ROS. In this work, we demonstrate that the background metabolic regime of the bacterium that hosts an evolving catabolic pathway (e.g., biodegradation of the xenobiotic 2,4-DNT) determines whether the cells either adopt a genetic diversification regime or a robust ROS-tolerant status. Furthermore, our results offer new perspectives to the rational design of efficient whole-cell biocatalysts, which are pursued in contemporary metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Danilo R Pérez-Pantoja
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Belén Calles
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
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Rotini A, Tornambè A, Cossi R, Iamunno F, Benvenuto G, Berducci MT, Maggi C, Thaller MC, Cicero AM, Manfra L, Migliore L. Salinity-Based Toxicity of CuO Nanoparticles, CuO-Bulk and Cu Ion to Vibrio anguillarum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2076. [PMID: 29118743 PMCID: PMC5661029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are used in ecotoxicology for their important role in marine ecosystems and their quick, reproducible responses. Here we applied a recently proposed method to assess the ecotoxicity of nanomaterials on the ubiquitous marine bacterium Vibrio anguillarum, as representative of brackish and marine ecosystems. The test allows the determination of 6-h EC50 in a wide range of salinity, by assessing the reduction of bacteria actively replicating and forming colonies. The toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) at different salinities (5-20-35 ‰) was evaluated. CuSO4 5H2O and CuO bulk were used as reference toxicants (solubility and size control, respectively). Aggregation and stability of CuO NP in final testing dispersions were characterized; Cu2+ dissolution and the physical interactions between Vibrio and CuO NPs were also investigated. All the chemical forms of copper showed a clear dose-response relationship, although their toxicity was different. The order of decreasing toxicity was: CuSO4 5H2O > CuO NP > CuO bulk. As expected, the size of CuO NP aggregates increased with salinity and, concurrently, their toxicity decreased. Results confirmed the intrinsic toxicity of CuO NPs, showing modest Cu2+ dissolution and no evidence of CuO NP internalization or induction of bacterial morphological alterations. This study showed the V. anguillarum bioassay as an effective tool for the risk assessment of nanomaterials in marine and brackish environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rotini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tornambè
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Iamunno
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Benvenuto
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria T Berducci
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maggi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Thaller
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna M Cicero
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Manfra
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Migliore
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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24
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Wang D, Lin Z, Wang T, Ding X, Liu Y. An analogous wood barrel theory to explain the occurrence of hormesis: A case study of sulfonamides and erythromycin on Escherichia coli growth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181321. [PMID: 28715457 PMCID: PMC5513561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormesis has aroused much attention during the past two decades and may have great implications on many fields, including toxicology and risk assessment. However, the observation of hormesis remains challenged under laboratory conditions. To determine favorable conditions under which to observe hormesis, we investigated the hormetic responses of Escherichiacoli (E. coli) upon exposure of different concentrations of sulfonamides and erythromycin at different time points and in different culture media: Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and Mueller Hinton (MH) broth. Our results reveal that the antibiotics, both individually and combined, produce hormetic effects on E. coli growth in MH broth at the stationary phase, with the maximum stimulatory response increasing with time. However, in LB broth, the hormetic response was not observed, which can be explained by an analogous “wood barrel theory”. Our study suggests that the culture medium and time should be taken into consideration in hormetic studies, and compound mixtures should also receive more attention for their potential to induce hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiruo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
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25
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Antiabong JF, Kock MM, Bellea NM, Ehlers MM. Diversity of Multidrug Efflux Genes and Phenotypic Evaluation of the In vitro Resistance Dynamics of Clinical Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Using Methicillin; a Model β-lactam. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:132-141. [PMID: 28839493 PMCID: PMC5543611 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) across the world often leave clinicians with little or no choice of treatment options. The multi-drug efflux (MDE) genes are bacterial survival mechanisms responsible for the pumping out of antibiotics and other biocides from the cytoplasm. Whilst effort is being made in the development of antibiotic adjuvants such as efflux pumps inhibitors, information is needed on the diversity of these MDEs in the circulating S. aureus and on the growth dynamics of the clinical isolates in response to antibiotics is not regularly examined. Methods: Here, we evaluated the diversity of MDEs in cinical S. aureus recovered in a tertiary academic hospital, Pretoria, South African hospital using PCR and also employed visual minimum inhibitory concentration and quantitative analysis of spectrophometric measurements of bacterial growth in the presence of a model β lactam antibiotic (methicillin), to phenotypically elucidate the resistance pattern of these isolates in response to methicillin. Results: Three major distribution patterns of MDEs were observed in the clinical isolates evaluated. Moreover, norA, nor B and tet38 were present in 98.9% of the isolates while other MDE were present in different proportions ranging from 40 to 98.6% of the isolates. In addition, S. aureus isolates, be it of MRSA or MSSA genotype did not habour the same set of MDEs despite being recovered from the same hospital setting. Finally, we showed that MSSA displayed phenotypic resistance to methicilllin despite the non-detection of the mecA resistance gene. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the growth of S. aureus may be enhanced by β lactams (methicillin) and that MSSA may also display resistance to methicillin and perhaps other β lactam antibiotics. The high prevalence of MDEs suggestive of resistance to a broad spectrum of biocides and fluoroquinolones are particularly disturbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Antiabong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria Medical Microbiology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria Medical Microbiology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nontombi M Bellea
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria Medical Microbiology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria Medical Microbiology, Pretoria, South Africa
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26
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Rotini A, Manfra L, Spanu F, Pisapia M, Cicero AM, Migliore L. Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28605381 PMCID: PMC5608138 DOI: 10.3791/55211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are an important component of the ecosystem, and microbial community alterations can have a significant effect on biogeochemical cycling and food webs. Toxicity testing based on microorganisms are widely used because they are relatively quick, reproducible, cheap, and are not associated with ethical issues. Here, we describe an ecotoxicological method to evaluate the biological response of the marine bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. This method assesses the acute toxicity of chemical compounds, including new contaminants such as nanoparticles, as well as environmental samples. The endpoint is the reduction of bacterial culturability (i.e., the capability to replicate and form colonies) due to exposure to a toxicant. This reduction can be generally referred to as mortality. The test allows for the determination of the LC50, the concentration that causes a 50% decrease of bacteria actively replicating and forming colonies, after a 6 h exposure. The culturable bacteria are counted in terms of colony forming units (CFU), and the "mortality" is evaluated and compared to the control. In this work, the toxicity of copper sulphate (CuSO4) was evaluated. A clear dose-response relationship was observed, with a mean LC50 of 1.13 mg/L, after three independent tests. This protocol, compared to existing methods with microorganisms, is applicable in a wider range of salinity and has no limitations for colored/turbid samples. It uses saline solution as the exposure medium, avoiding any possible interferences of growth medium with the investigated contaminants. The LC50 calculation facilitates comparisons with other bioassays commonly applied to ecotoxicological assessments of the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rotini
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome (Italy); Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome (Italy);
| | - Loredana Manfra
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome (Italy); Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica, Anton Dohrn, Naples (Italy)
| | - Filippo Spanu
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome (Italy)
| | - Marco Pisapia
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome (Italy)
| | - Anna Maria Cicero
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome (Italy)
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27
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Maciejewska M, Adam D, Martinet L, Naômé A, Całusińska M, Delfosse P, Carnol M, Barton HA, Hayette MP, Smargiasso N, De Pauw E, Hanikenne M, Baurain D, Rigali S. A Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of the Antimicrobial Potential of Cultivable Streptomyces Isolated from Cave Moonmilk Deposits. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1455. [PMID: 27708627 PMCID: PMC5030222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonmilk speleothems of limestone caves host a rich microbiome, among which Actinobacteria represent one of the most abundant phyla. Ancient medical texts reported that moonmilk had therapeutical properties, thereby suggesting that its filamentous endemic actinobacterial population might be a source of natural products useful in human treatment. In this work, a screening approach was undertaken in order to isolate cultivable Actinobacteria from moonmilk of the Grotte des Collemboles in Belgium, to evaluate their taxonomic profile, and to assess their potential in biosynthesis of antimicrobials. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 78 isolates were exclusively affiliated to the genus Streptomyces and clustered into 31 distinct phylotypes displaying various pigmentation patterns and morphological features. Phylotype representatives were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities and their genomes were mined for secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes coding for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and polyketide synthases (PKS). The moonmilk Streptomyces collection was found to display strong inhibitory activities against a wide range of reference organisms, as 94, 71, and 94% of the isolates inhibited or impaired the growth of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, respectively. Interestingly, 90% of the cave strains induced strong growth suppression against the multi-drug resistant Rasamsonia argillacea, a causative agent of invasive mycosis in cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous diseases. No correlation was observed between the global antimicrobial activity of an individual strain and the number of NRPS and PKS genes predicted in its genome, suggesting that approaches for awakening cryptic metabolites biosynthesis should be applied to isolates with no antimicrobial phenotype. Overall, our work supports the common belief that moonmilk might effectively treat various infectious diseases thanks to the presence of a highly diverse population of prolific antimicrobial producing Streptomyces, and thus may indeed constitute a promising reservoir of potentially novel active natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maciejewska
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Delphine Adam
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Martinet
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Aymeric Naômé
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Całusińska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Delfosse
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS - Plant and Microbial Ecology, Botany B22, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Hazel A Barton
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron OH, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Smargiasso
- MolSys Research Unit, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- MolSys Research Unit, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS - Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; PhytoSYSTEMS, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Denis Baurain
- PhytoSYSTEMS, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; InBioS - Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Rigali
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
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28
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Oliveira NM, Martinez-Garcia E, Xavier J, Durham WM, Kolter R, Kim W, Foster KR. Biofilm Formation As a Response to Ecological Competition. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002191. [PMID: 26158271 PMCID: PMC4497666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria form dense surface-associated communities known as biofilms that are central to their persistence and how they affect us. Biofilm formation is commonly viewed as a cooperative enterprise, where strains and species work together for a common goal. Here we explore an alternative model: biofilm formation is a response to ecological competition. We co-cultured a diverse collection of natural isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and studied the effect on biofilm formation. We show that strain mixing reliably increases biofilm formation compared to unmixed conditions. Importantly, strain mixing leads to strong competition: one strain dominates and largely excludes the other from the biofilm. Furthermore, we show that pyocins, narrow-spectrum antibiotics made by other P. aeruginosa strains, can stimulate biofilm formation by increasing the attachment of cells. Side-by-side comparisons using microfluidic assays suggest that the increase in biofilm occurs due to a general response to cellular damage: a comparable biofilm response occurs for pyocins that disrupt membranes as for commercial antibiotics that damage DNA, inhibit protein synthesis or transcription. Our data show that bacteria increase biofilm formation in response to ecological competition that is detected by antibiotic stress. This is inconsistent with the idea that sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics are cooperative signals that coordinate microbial communities, as is often concluded. Instead, our work is consistent with competition sensing where low-levels of antibiotics are used to detect and respond to the competing genotypes that produce them. Mixing natural isolates of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that the formation of biofilm is a response to antibiotic stress from competing genotypes. Bacteria often attach to each other and to surfaces and make biofilms. These dense communities occur everywhere, including on us and inside us, where they are central to both health and disease. Biofilm formation is often viewed as the coordinated action of multiple strains that work together in order to prosper and protect each other. In this study, we provide evidence for a very different view: biofilms are formed when bacterial strains compete with one another. We mixed together different strains of the widespread pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found that pairs often make bigger biofilms than either one alone. Rather than working together, however, we show that one strain normally kills the other off and that biofilm formation is actually a response to the damage of antibiotic warfare. Our work helps to explain the widespread observation that treating bacteria with clinical antibiotics can stimulate biofilm formation. When we treat bacteria, they respond as if the attack is coming from a foreign strain that must be outnumbered and outcompeted in a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Oliveira
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esteban Martinez-Garcia
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, University of Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Xavier
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, University of Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Computational Biology Program, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Roberto Kolter
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, University of Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, University of Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Villa F, Secundo F, Polo A, Cappitelli F. Immobilized Hydrolytic Enzymes Exhibit Antibiofilm Activity Against Escherichia coli at Sub-Lethal Concentrations. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:106-14. [PMID: 25958074 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two commercially available immobilized enzymes (namely the glycosidase pectinase and the protease subtilisin A) at sub-lethal concentrations were investigated in terms of their influence on biofilm genesis, on the composition of the biofilm matrix, and their antibiotic synergy against Escherichia coli biofilm, used as a model system of bacterial biofilms. The best antibiofilm performance of solid-supported hydrolases was obtained at the surface concentration of 0.022 and 0.095 U/cm(2) with a reduction of 1.2 and 2.3 log CFU/biofilm for pectinase and subtilisin, respectively. At these enzyme surface concentrations, the biocatalysts affected the structural composition of the biofilm matrix, impacting biofilm thickness. Finally, the immobilized hydrolases enhanced biofilm sensitivity to a clinically relevant concentration of the antibiotic ampicillin. At the final antibiotic concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, a reduction of 2 and 3.5 log10 units in presence of 0.022 Upectinase/cm(2) and 0.095 Usubtilisin/cm(2) was obtained, respectively, in comparison the antibiotic alone. Immobilized pectinase and subtilisin at sub-lethal concentrations demonstrated a great potential for antibiofilm applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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