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Blagov AV, Summerhill VI, Sukhorukov VN, Zhigmitova EB, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Potential use of antioxidants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378335. [PMID: 38818374 PMCID: PMC11137403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive production of various reactive oxidant species over endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to the development of a state of oxidative stress, with serious biological consequences. The consequences of oxidative stress depend on the balance between the generation of reactive oxidant species and the antioxidant defense and include oxidative damage of biomolecules, disruption of signal transduction, mutation, and cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the physiopathology of various debilitating illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative processes, that need continuous pharmacological treatment. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are tightly linked pathophysiological processes, one of which can be simply promoted by another. Although, many antioxidant trials have been unsuccessful (some of the trials showed either no effect or even harmful effects) in human patients as a preventive or curative measure, targeting oxidative stress remains an interesting therapeutic approach for the development of new agents to design novel anti-inflammatory drugs with a reliable safety profile. In this regard, several natural antioxidant compounds were explored as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Several metalloenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, are among the essential enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major redox signaling molecules, and thus play important roles in the alteration of the redox homeostasis. These enzymes have become a striking source of motivation to design catalytic drugs to enhance the action of these enzymes under pathological conditions related to chronic inflammation. This review is focused on several major representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants as potential drug candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
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Moghazy HM, Abdelhaliem NG, Mohammed SA, Hassan A, Abdelrahman A. Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:779-795. [PMID: 38536493 PMCID: PMC11033245 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association guidelines (2021) confirmed the importance of raising public awareness of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment, highlighting the links between poor glycemic control and cognitive impairment. The characteristic brain lesions of cognitive dysfunction are neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques formed of amyloid-β deposition, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and highly homologous kinase tau tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) can phosphorylate Tau proteins at different sites, overexpression of these enzymes produces extensive phosphorylation of Tau proteins making them insoluble and enhance NFT formation, which impairs cognitive functions. The current study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of liraglutide and pramlintide in the prevention of diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction and their effect on the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model. T2D was induced by administration of a high-fat diet for 10 weeks, then injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ); treatment was started with either pramlintide (200 μg/kg/day sc) or liraglutide (0.6 mg/kg/day sc) for 6 weeks in addition to the HFD. At the end of the study, cognitive functions were assessed by novel object recognition and T-maze tests. Then, rats were sacrificed for biochemical and histological assessment of the hippocampal tissue. Both pramlintide and liraglutide treatment revealed equally adequate control of diabetes, prevented the decline in memory function, and increased PI3K/AKT expression while decreasing GSK-3β/TTBK1 expression; however, liraglutide significantly decreased the number of Tau positive cells better than pramlintide did. This study confirmed that pramlintide and liraglutide are promising antidiabetic medications that could prevent associated cognitive disorders in different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M Moghazy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | | | | | - Asmaa Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdelrahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
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Aalikhani M, Safdari Y, Jahanshahi M, Alikhani M, Khalili M. Comparison Between Hesperidin, Coumarin, and Deferoxamine Iron Chelation and Antioxidant Activity Against Excessive Iron in the Iron Overloaded Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:811080. [PMID: 35177961 PMCID: PMC8846322 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.811080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iron accumulation in the brain leads to the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nowadays, iron chelation therapy is the best way to decrease the side effects of iron and amyloid plaques accumulation. Iron chelators are commonly used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have shown that natural products such as phenol and flavonoid compounds could chelate heavy metals. In the current study, we examined the iron chelation activity of hesperidin and coumarin on the brain tissue of iron-overloaded mice. METHODS 48 NMRI male mice were divided into eight groups (n = 6). Six groups were treated with iron dextran (100 mg/kg/day) four times a week for 6 weeks. After stopping the injections for a month, five groups of iron-overloaded mice were treated with hesperidin, coumarin, and desferal four times a week subsequent for four subsequent weeks. Finally, the mice were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from the ventricle of the heart for subsequent examination. The brain tissues were isolated and fixed in the 4% paraformaldehyde solution for Perl's staining. RESULTS The results show that hesperidin and coumarin could strongly chelate excessive iron from the serum and deposit iron from the brain tissue compared to desferal group. Catalase and super oxidase activity were decreased in the iron-overloaded group, but in the treated group by hesperidin and coumarin, the enzyme's activity was increased significantly. CONCLUSION Hesperidin and coumarin, as natural products, are powerful options to chelate iron ions and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Aalikhani
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yagoub Safdari
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Alikhani
- Department of Cardiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalili
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Jahanshahi M, Khalili M, Margedari A. Naringin Chelates Excessive Iron and Prevents the Formation of Amyloid-Beta Plaques in the Hippocampus of Iron-Overloaded Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651156. [PMID: 34276359 PMCID: PMC8283124 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal chelating agents are antioxidant agents, which decrease the reductive potential and stabilize the oxidized metal ion form. In this study, we evaluated the naringin capacity in chelating iron and preventing amyloid-beta plaque formation in the hippocampus of iron-overloaded mice. Thirty-five NMRI male mice (8-10 weeks old) were provided. The mice were classified into five groups. Iron dextran was administered as i.p. injection (100 mg/kg/day) four times a week for four subsequent weeks. The treated groups received 30 and 60 mg/kg/day naringin for a month. After histological processing, the brain sections were stained with Perls' stain kit for iron spots, and Congo red was used to stain the brain and hippocampus for amyloid-beta plaques. 30 mg/kg/day of naringin was shown to decrease nonheme iron in an efficient manner; iron content in this group decreased to 16.83 ± 0.57 μg/g wet weight, a quantity as low as that observed in the normal saline-receiving group. The nonheme iron content in the mice receiving 60 mg/kg/day of naringin was 20.73 ± 0.65 μg/g wet weight. In addition, Aβ plaque numbers in CA1, CA3, and DG areas of the hippocampus decreased significantly following treatment with 30 or 60 mg/kg/day naringin. Naringin has a strong iron chelation capacity and is able to reduce the formation of amyloid plaques. So it can be useful for neuroprotection and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalili
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Asra Margedari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Melzer TM, Manosso LM, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5026. [PMID: 34068525 PMCID: PMC8126018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet is important for maintaining health, especially as individuals age. Several studies suggest that consuming a diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such as those found in fruits, nuts, vegetables, and fish may reduce age-related cognitive decline and the risk of developing various neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have been published over the last decade focusing on nutrition and how this impacts health. The main objective of the current article is to review the data linking the role of diet and nutrition with aging and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, we discuss the roles of micronutrients and macronutrients and provide an overview of how the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis and nutrition impact brain function in general and cognitive processes in particular during aging. We propose that dietary interventions designed to optimize the levels of macro and micronutrients and maximize the functioning of the microbiota-gut-brain axis can be of therapeutic value for improving cognitive functioning, particularly during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayza Martins Melzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Luana Meller Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Suk-yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
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