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Li Z, Liu L, Zhang Z, Yang X, Li X, Gao Y, Huang K. A Novel CT-Based Radiomics Features Analysis for Identification and Severity Staging of COPD. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:663-673. [PMID: 35151548 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of radiomics based on Chest Computed Tomography (CT) in the identification and severity staging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis included 322 participants (249 COPD patients and 73 control subjects). In total, 1395 chest CT-based radiomics features were extracted from each participant's CT images. Three feature selection methods, including variance threshold, Select K Best method, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and two classification methods, including support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR), were used as identification and severity classification of COPD. Performance was compared by AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score. RESULTS 38 and 10 features were selected to construct radiomics models to detect and stage COPD, respectively. For COPD identification, SVM classifier achieved AUCs of 0.992 and 0.970, while LR classifier achieved AUCs of 0.993 and 0.972 in the training set and test set, respectively. For the severity staging of COPD, the mentioned two machine learning classifiers can better differentiate less severity (GOLD1 + GOLD2) group from greater severity (GOLD3 + GOLD4) group. The AUCs of SVM and LR is 0.907 and 0.903 in the training set, and that of 0.799 and 0.797 in the test set. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the novel radiomics approach based on chest CT images that can be used for COPD identification and severity classification, and the constructed radiomics model demonstrated acceptable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoqing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongti South Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., K.H.), Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Z.L., Z.Z.), Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Enterprise, Beijing e-Hualu Information Technology Corporation Limited (L. L.), Beijing, China; Dongsheng Science and Technology Park (X.Y.), Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory (X.L.), Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology (Y.G.), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Hatabu H, Ohno Y, Gefter WB, Parraga G, Madore B, Lee KS, Altes TA, Lynch DA, Mayo JR, Seo JB, Wild JM, van Beek EJR, Schiebler ML, Kauczor HU. Expanding Applications of Pulmonary MRI in the Clinical Evaluation of Lung Disorders: Fleischner Society Position Paper. Radiology 2020; 297:286-301. [PMID: 32870136 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary MRI provides structural and quantitative functional images of the lungs without ionizing radiation, but it has had limited clinical use due to low signal intensity from the lung parenchyma. The lack of radiation makes pulmonary MRI an ideal modality for pediatric examinations, pregnant women, and patients requiring serial and longitudinal follow-up. Fortunately, recent MRI techniques, including ultrashort echo time and zero echo time, are expanding clinical opportunities for pulmonary MRI. With the use of multicoil parallel acquisitions and acceleration methods, these techniques make pulmonary MRI practical for evaluating lung parenchymal and pulmonary vascular diseases. The purpose of this Fleischner Society position paper is to familiarize radiologists and other interested clinicians with these advances in pulmonary MRI and to stratify the Society recommendations for the clinical use of pulmonary MRI into three categories: (a) suggested for current clinical use, (b) promising but requiring further validation or regulatory approval, and (c) appropriate for research investigations. This position paper also provides recommendations for vendors and infrastructure, identifies methods for hypothesis-driven research, and suggests opportunities for prospective, randomized multicenter trials to investigate and validate lung MRI methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hatabu
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Yoshiharu Ohno
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Warren B Gefter
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Grace Parraga
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Bruno Madore
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Kyung Soo Lee
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Talissa A Altes
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - David A Lynch
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - John R Mayo
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Joon Beom Seo
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Jim M Wild
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Mark L Schiebler
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
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- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 (H.H.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.M.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo (T.A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada (J.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom (J.M.W.); Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (E.J.R.v.B.); Department of Radiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K.)
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