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Keskinis C, Panagoutsos S, Soilemezi E, Pateinakis P, Kyriklidou P, Memmos E, Papadopoulou D, Passadakis P. A nephrology trainee can define the fluid status through lung ultrasonography and inferior vena cava measurements in hemodialysis patients: an observational study in a single center. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00903-x. [PMID: 38867096 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The determination of ideal weight in hemodialysis patients remains a common problem. The use of Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is an emerging method of assessing the hydric status of hemodialysis patients. LUS combined with Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) ultrasonography can define the fluid status in hemodialysis patients. METHODS This study included 68 hemodialysis patients from the Dialysis Unit of Papageorgiou General Hospital in Thessaloniki. The patients underwent lung and IVC ultrasound 30 min before and after the end of the dialysis session by a nephrology trainee. Patients' ideal weight was modified based on daily clinical practice rather than ultrasound findings. The presence of B lines and ultrasound findings of the IVC were evaluated. RESULTS The average B line score was 11.53 ± 5.02 before dialysis and became 5.57 ± 3.14 after the session. The average diameter of the IVC was 14.266 ± 0.846 mm before dialysis and 12.328 ± 0.879 mm after the session. The patients were categorized based on the magnitude of overhydration and the findings were evaluated. In addition, findings after the session showed a statistically significant correlation between the b line score and the diameter of the IVC adjusted for the body surface area. (p = 0.009 < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A high rate of hyperhydration was detected before the dialysis session (25%). While it is the first study conducted by a nephrology trainee highlighting that it is a feasible technique. Intervention studies should be carried out in the future to draw more precise conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoulos Keskinis
- Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Stylianos Panagoutsos
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Soilemezi
- Intensive Care Unit, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Parthena Kyriklidou
- Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Memmos
- Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ploumis Passadakis
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Aguirre-Villarreal D, Leal-Villarreal MADJ, García-Juárez I, Argaiz ER, Koratala A. Sound waves and solutions: Point-of-care ultrasonography for acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13:91212. [PMID: 38855265 PMCID: PMC11155499 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.91212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This article delves into the intricate challenges of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis, a condition fraught with high morbidity and mortality. The complexities arise from distinguishing between various causes of AKI, particularly hemodynamic AKI, in cirrhotic patients, who experience hemodynamic changes due to portal hypertension. The term "hepatocardiorenal syndrome" is introduced to encapsulate the intricate interplay among the liver, heart, and kidneys. The narrative emphasizes the often-overlooked aspect of cardiac function in AKI assessments in cirrhosis, unveiling the prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy marked by impaired diastolic function. The conventional empiric approach involving volume expansion and vasopressors for hepatorenal syndrome is critically analyzed, highlighting potential risks and variable patient responses. We advocate for a nuanced algorithm for AKI evaluation in cirrhosis, prominently featuring point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). POCUS applications encompass assessing fluid tolerance, detecting venous congestion, and evaluating cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguirre-Villarreal
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Unidad de Hepatología y Trasplante, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eduardo R Argaiz
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 64710, Mexico
| | - Abhilash Koratala
- Department of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Koratala A. Point-of-care ultrasonography in cirrhosis-related acute kidney injury: How I do it. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13:93812. [PMID: 38855271 PMCID: PMC11155506 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.93812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Discerning the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients remains a formidable challenge due to diverse and overlapping causes. The conventional approach of empiric albumin administration for suspected volume depletion may inadvertently lead to fluid overload. In the recent past, point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has emerged as a valuable adjunct to clinical assessment, offering advantages in terms of diagnostic accuracy, rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. This review provides insights into the strategic use of POCUS in evaluating cirrhotic patients with AKI. The review distinguishes basic and advanced POCUS, emphasizing a 5-point basic POCUS protocol for efficient assessment. This protocol includes evaluations of the kidneys and urinary bladder for obstructive nephropathy, lung ultrasound for detecting extravascular lung water, inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasound for estimating right atrial pressure, internal jugular vein ultrasound as an alternative to IVC assessment, and focused cardiac ultrasound for assessing left ventricular (LV) systolic function and identifying potential causes of a plethoric IVC. Advanced POCUS delves into additional Doppler parameters, including stroke volume and cardiac output, LV filling pressures and venous congestion assessment to diagnose or prevent iatrogenic fluid overload. POCUS, when employed judiciously, enhances the diagnostic precision in evaluating AKI in cirrhotic patients, guiding appropriate therapeutic interventions, and minimizing the risk of fluid-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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4
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Pella E, Boulmpou A, Boutou A, Theodorakopoulou MP, Haddad N, Karpetas A, Giamalis P, Papagianni A, Papadopoulos CE, Vassilikos V, Sarafidis P. Different Interdialytic Intervals and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:732-742. [PMID: 38407848 PMCID: PMC11168819 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Key Points This is the first study exploring differences in cardiorespiratory fitness assessed with cardiopulmonary exercise testing between the 2-day and the 3-day interdialytic interval. The 3-day interdialytic interval was associated with further impaired cardiorespiratory fitness. This effect was predominantly driven by excess fluid accumulation during the extra interdialytic day. Background Long interdialytic interval in thrice-weekly hemodialysis is associated with excess cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk. Impaired cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis. This study investigated differences in cardiorespiratory fitness assessed with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) between the end of the 2-day and the 3-day interdialytic interval. Methods A total of 28 hemodialysis patients, randomized in two different sequences of evaluation, underwent CPET and spirometry examination at the end of the 2-day and the 3-day intervals. The primary outcome was the difference in oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2peak [ml/kg per minute]) assessed with CPET. Volume status was assessed with interdialytic weight gain, lung ultrasound, bioimpedance spectroscopy, and inferior vena cava measurements. A total of 14 age-matched and sex-matched controls were also evaluated. Comparisons of changes in parameters of interest were performed with paired or independent t -tests or relevant nonparametric tests, as appropriate. Bivariate correlation analyses and generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations between changes in CPET parameters and volume indices. Results Hemodialysis patients at the end of both 2-day and 3-day intervals presented lower values in all major CPET parameters than controls. VO2peak (ml/kg per minute) was significantly higher at the end of the 2-day than the 3-day interval (15.2±4.2 versus 13.6±2.8; P < 0.001); the results were similar for VO2peak (ml/min) (1188±257 versus 1074±224; P < 0.001) and VO2peak (% predicted) (58.9±9.2 versus 52.3±8.6; P < 0.001). Numerical but no statistically significant differences were detected in VO2 anaerobic threshold (ml/kg per minute) and VO2 anaerobic threshold (ml/min) between the two time points. Maximal work load (90.1±23.2 versus 79.3±25.1; P < 0.001), exercise duration, heart rate at peak exercise, and oxygen pulse also showed lower values at the end of the 3-day interval. Forced expiratory volume in 1-second levels were similar between the two evaluations. Generalized linear mixed model analysis, including interdialytic weight gain as random covariate, attenuated the observed differences in VO2peak (ml/kg per minute). Changes in bioimpedance spectroscopy–derived overhydration indexes were moderately correlated with changes of VO2peak (ml/kg per minute). Conclusions The 3-day interval was associated with further impairment of VO2 at peak exercise. This effect was predominantly driven by excess fluid accumulation during the extra interdialytic day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pella
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristi Boulmpou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi Boutou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marieta P. Theodorakopoulou
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nasra Haddad
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Giamalis
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Elsayed E, Farag YMK, Ravi KS, Chertow GM, Mc Causland FR. Association of Changes in Vector Length with Changes in Left Ventricular Mass among Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Secondary Analysis of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:870-876. [PMID: 38656312 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Key Points
Bioimpedance has been proposed as an objective method to assess volume status among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.The Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial measured bioimpedance parameters of volume status (vector length) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 12 months.We observed that changes in vector length were inversely associated with changes in left ventricular mass and volume over a 12-month period.
Background
Hypervolemia is thought to be a major contributor to higher left ventricular mass (LVM), a potent predictor for cardiovascular mortality among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. We hypothesized that a decrease in vector length (a bioimpedance proxy of hypervolemia) would be associated with an increase in LVM.
Methods
Using data from the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial (n=160), we used linear regression to assess the association of changes in vector length from baseline to month 12 with changes in magnetic resonance imaging measures of LVM and other cardiac parameters. We adjusted models for the randomized group, baseline vector length, age, sex, race, body mass index, vascular access, dialysis vintage, history of hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes, residual kidney function, predialysis systolic BP, ultrafiltration rate, serum-dialysate sodium gradient, hemoglobin, phosphate, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use, erythropoietin dose, and equilibrated Kt/V.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 50±13 years; 35% were female. In the fully adjusted models, a decline in vector length (per 50 Ω/m; i.e., increase in volume) was associated with a 6.8 g (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.1 to 13.7) and 2.6 g/m2 (95% CI, −1.2 to 6.3) increase in LVM and LVM index, respectively, and an increase of 15.0 ml (95% CI, 7.5 to 22.4), 7.3 ml (95% CI, 3.0 to 12.7), 7.8 ml (95% CI, 3.0 to 12.7), and −0.9% (95% CI, −3.1 to 1.3) in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular stroke volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction, respectively. The lowest tertile of change in vector length (i.e., greater increase in volume) was associated with greater increases in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular stroke volume, versus the highest tertile. There was no evidence of heterogeneity by randomized group.
Conclusions
Change in vector length, a bioimpedance-derived proxy of volume status, was inversely associated with indices of LVM and volume measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients randomized to conventional or frequent hemodialysis over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enass Elsayed
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Youssef M K Farag
- Bayer US, LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine Scovner Ravi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Health, and Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Finnian R Mc Causland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Curto A, Pereira TA, Ferreira AC. The Use of Ultrasound in Peritoneal Dialysis Setting. Am J Kidney Dis 2024:S0272-6386(24)00785-6. [PMID: 38821391 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Curto
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Amadora-Sintra - Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando Fonseca, Amarora, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Assis Pereira
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central -Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Carina Ferreira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Nephology, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Allinovi M, Farella I, Giacalone M, Lugli G, Cirillo L, Parri N, Becherucci F. Lung Ultrasound to Evaluate Fluid Status and Optimize Early Volume-Expansion Therapy in Children with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli-Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3024. [PMID: 38892735 PMCID: PMC11172783 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-haemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) can result in kidney and neurological complications. Early volume-expansion therapy has been shown to improve outcomes, but caution is required to avoid fluid overload. Lung ultrasound scanning (LUS) can be used to detect fluid overload and may be useful in monitoring hydration therapy. Methods: This prospective observational pilot study involved children with STEC-HUS who were recruited from a regional paediatric nephrology centre. B-line quantification by LUS was used to assess fluid status at the emergency department (ED) admission and correlated with the decrease in patient weight from the target weight. A control group of children on chronic dialysis therapy with episodes of symptomatic fluid overload was also enrolled in order to establish a B-line threshold indicative of severe lung congestion. Another cohort of "healthy" children, without renal or lung-related diseases, and without clinical signs of fluid overload was also enrolled in order to establish a B-line threshold indicative of euvolemia. Results: LUS assessment was performed in 10 children with STEC-HUS at ED admission, showing an average of three B-lines (range 0-10). LUS was also performed in 53 euvolemic children admitted to the ED not showing kidney and lung disease (healthy controls), showing a median value of two B-lines (range 0-7), not significantly different from children with STEC-HUS at admission (p = 0.92). Children with STEC-HUS with neurological involvement during the acute phase and those requiring dialysis presented a significantly lower number of B-lines at admission compared to patients with a good clinical course (p < 0.001). Patients with long-term renal impairment also presented a lower number of B-lines at disease onset (p = 0.03). Conclusions: LUS is a useful technique for monitoring intravenous hydration therapy in paediatric patients with STEC-HUS. A low number of B-lines at ED admission (<5 B-lines) was associated with worse short-term and long-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of an LUS-guided strategy for reducing complications in children with STEC-HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Allinovi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Martina Giacalone
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Gianmarco Lugli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Niccolò Parri
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Francesca Becherucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.B.)
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Koratala A, Ibrahim M, Gudlawar S. VExUS to Guide Ultrafiltration in Hemodialysis: Exploring a Novel Dimension of Point of Care Ultrasound. POCUS JOURNAL 2024; 9:16-19. [PMID: 38681164 PMCID: PMC11044922 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v9i1.16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS) is a valuable bedside tool for nephrologists within a multi-organ point of care ultrasound (POCUS) framework. VExUS can address limitations of conventional physical examination in identifying hemodynamic congestion and monitoring treatment efficacy. A 53-year-old man with heart failure and end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis presented with elevated liver function tests. Despite an unremarkable right upper quadrant ultrasound done by radiology, the review of images by the nephrology team uncovered severe venous congestion, evidenced by a dilated inferior vena cava (IVC) and abnormal hepatic and portal vein flow. Follow-up assessments included VExUS scans and daily ultrafiltration that resulted in a notable 8-liter fluid removal. The dynamic changes in IVC shape and improvement in Doppler waveforms underscored successful decongestion. This case demonstrates the clinical utility of VExUS in guiding therapy for fluid overload in complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WIUSA
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WIUSA
| | - Sirisha Gudlawar
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WIUSA
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9
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Elgenidy A, Amin MA, Awad AK, Emad A, Nassar A, Alomari O, Ibrahim R, Husain-Syed F, Aly MG. The use of lung ultrasound in evaluation of extravascular lung water in hemodialysis patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hemodial Int 2024; 28:148-161. [PMID: 38413047 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Determining dry weight is crucial for optimizing hemodialysis, influencing efficacy, cardiovascular outcomes, and overall survival. Traditional clinical assessment methods for dry weight, relying on factors such as blood pressure and edema, frequently lack reliability. Lung ultrasound stands out as a promising tool for assessing volume status, given its non-invasiveness and reproducibility. This study aims to explore the role of Lung ultrasound in evaluating the impact of hemodialysis and ultrafiltration on extravascular lung water, with a specific focus on changes in B-lines post-hemodialysis compared to pre-hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research encompassed searches across PubMed, WOS, and Scopus databases for studies related to lung ultrasound and hemodialysis. A meta-analysis was then performed to determine the mean differences in various parameters before compared to after, hemodialysis, including the number of B-lines, indexed end-inspiratory and end-expiratory inferior vena cava diameters, inferior vena cava collapsibility index, weight, blood pressure, and serum levels of NT-pro-BNP. RESULTS Our meta-analysis, included 33 studies with 2301 hemodialysis patients, revealed a significant decrease in the number of B-lines post-hemodialysis (mean difference = 8.30, 95% CI [3.55 to 13.05]). Furthermore, there was a noteworthy reduction in inspiratory and expiratory inferior vena cava diameters post-hemodialysis (mean difference = 2.32, 95% CI [0.31 to 4.33]; mean difference = 4.05, 95% CI [2.44 to 5.65], respectively). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between B-lines and the maximum inferior vena cava diameter both pre- and post-hemodialysis (correlation coefficient = 0.39; correlation coefficient = 0.32, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings indicate the effectiveness of lung ultrasound in detection of volume overload and assessment of response to ultrafiltration in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed K Awad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Omar Alomari
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Radwa Ibrahim
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Mostafa G Aly
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Elsayed E, Farag YM, Ravi KS, Chertow GM, Mc Causland FR. Association of Bioimpedance Parameters with Increases in Blood Pressure during Hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:329-335. [PMID: 37971865 PMCID: PMC10937019 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradialytic hypertension, defined as an increase in BP from pre- to post-hemodialysis (HD), affects 5%-15% of patients receiving maintenance HD and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Hypervolemia is believed to be a major etiological factor, yet the association of more objective biomarkers of volume status with intradialytic hypertension is not well described. METHODS In a post hoc analysis of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial ( n =234), using data from baseline, 1-, 4-, and 12-month visits ( n =800), we used random-effects regression to assess the association of bioimpedance estimates of volume (vector length) with post-HD systolic BP (continuous) and any increase in systolic BP (categorical) from pre- to post-HD. We adjusted models for randomized group; age; sex; self-reported race; Quételet (body mass) index; vascular access; HD vintage; hypertension; history of heart failure; diabetes; residual kidney function (urea clearance); pre-HD systolic BP; ultrafiltration rate; serum-dialysate sodium gradient; and baseline values of hemoglobin, phosphate, and equilibrated Kt/V urea. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 50±14 years, 39% were female, and 43% were Black. In adjusted models, shorter vector length (per 50 Ω/m) was associated with higher post-HD systolic BP (2.9 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 4.3) and higher odds of intradialytic hypertension (odds ratio 1.66; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.55). Similar patterns of association were noted with a more stringent definition of intradialytic hypertension (>10 mm Hg increase from pre- to post-HD systolic BP), where shorter vector length (per 50 Ω/m) was associated with a higher odds of intradialytic hypertension (odds ratio 2.17; 95% CI, 0.88 to 5.36). CONCLUSIONS Shorter vector length, a bioimpedance-derived proxy of hypervolemia, was independently associated with higher post-HD systolic BP and risk of intradialytic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enass Elsayed
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Youssef M.K. Farag
- Bayer US, LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine Scovner Ravi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn M. Chertow
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Health, and Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Finnian R. Mc Causland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Chang EH, Tugman MJ, Assimon MM, Gilet CA, Ge R, Li Q, Flythe JE. Lung Ultrasound, Bioimpedance Spectroscopy, and Physical Examination for Volume Assessment in Hospitalized Hemodialysis Patients: A Diagnostic Test Study. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100764. [PMID: 38375424 PMCID: PMC10874981 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Chang
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J. Tugman
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Magdalene M. Assimon
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Connie A. Gilet
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Renee Ge
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Quefeng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Flythe
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Zheng D, Liu Y, Li Y, Jin J, He Q, Shen X. Lung Ultrasound and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Fluid Status Assessing Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:1232211. [PMID: 38229934 PMCID: PMC10791474 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1232211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Volume overload is a fatal complication for people undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, regulating a patient's "dry weight" based on their fluid status is imperative. Clinical experiences are too subjective to accurately judge a patient's fluid status, but techniques have emerged for improved fluid control in the two decades. Specifically, lung ultrasonography (LUS) uses a unique aspect of ultrasound images, the B-lines, to evaluate extravascular lung water, which has increasingly attracted attention. However, the role of B-line quantification in predicting short-mid-term death and/or cardiovascular complications is unclear. Methods Patients undergoing MHD at the hemodialysis center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from October 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, were examined using LUS and a bioelectrical impedance analysis before and after dialysis, and related clinical data were collected. All patients were followed up for one year after the examination, and deaths and first cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) during this period were recorded. Results 98 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups in relation to their mild (<16 B-lines), moderate (16-30 B-lines), or severe (>30 B-lines) hypervolemia, defined by the number of B-lines. The long-term survival rate was significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups. LUS and bioelectrical impedance-related parameters (e.g., extracellular water-to-water ratio) were closely related to cardiac ultrasound parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction) (P < 0.001). The optimal B-line cutoff value on LUS for predicting fluid overload (defined clinically) in patients on hemodialysis was 11.5 lines (AUC = 0.840, 95% confidence interval 0.735-0.945, P < 0.001), and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were both 76.5%. During the one-year follow-up period, ten deaths and six cardiovascular events occurred. The survival rate was significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group (log-rank test χ2 = 10.050, P=0.002) but did not differ between the severe and moderate groups (χ2 = 2.629, P=0.105). Conclusion LUS is a cheap, noninvasive, simple, and repeatable volume-monitoring method that can assist with individualized fluid volume management in patients undergoing MHD. LUS results may also help to predict the short-mid-term survival rate of patients to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Zheng
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueming Liu
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Shen
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Churchill LJ, Tronstad O, Mandrusiak AM, Waldmann JY, Thomas PJ. The role of lung ultrasound for detecting atelectasis, consolidation, and/or pneumonia in the adult cardiac surgery population: A scoping review of the literature. Aust Crit Care 2024; 37:193-201. [PMID: 37709655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) frequently occur after cardiac surgery and may lead to adverse patient outcomes. Traditional diagnostic tools such as auscultation or chest x-ray have inferior diagnostic accuracy compared to the gold standard (chest computed tomography). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an emerging area of research combating these issues. However, no review has employed a formal search strategy to examine the role of LUS in identifying the specific PPCs of atelectasis, consolidation, and/or pneumonia or investigated the ability of LUS to predict these complications in this cohort. The objective of this study was to collate and present evidence for the use of LUS in the adult cardiac surgery population to specifically identify atelectasis, consolidation, and/or pneumonia. REVIEW METHOD USED A scoping review of the literature was completed using predefined search terms across six databases which identified 1432 articles. One additional article was included from reviewing reference lists. Six articles met the inclusion criteria, providing sufficient data for the final analysis. DATA SOURCES Six databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, CENTRAL, and PEDro. This review was not registered. REVIEW METHODS The review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. RESULTS Several LUS methodologies were reported across studies. Overall, LUS outperformed all other included bedside diagnostic tools, with superior diagnostic accuracy in identifying atelectasis, consolidation, and/or pneumonia. Incidences of PPCs tended to increase with each subsequent timepoint after surgery and were better identified with LUS than all other assessments. A change in diagnosis occurred at a rate of 67% with the inclusion of LUS and transthoracic echocardiography in one study. Pre-established assessment scores were improved by substituting chest x-rays with LUS scans. CONCLUSION The results of this scoping review support the use of LUS as a diagnostic tool after cardiac surgery; however, they also highlighted a lack of consistent methodologies used. Future research is required to determine the optimal methodology for LUS in diagnosing PPCs in this cohort and to determine whether LUS possesses the ability to predict these complications and guide proactive respiratory supports after extubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Churchill
- Physiotherapy Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia; School of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia.
| | - Oystein Tronstad
- Physiotherapy Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia.
| | - Allison M Mandrusiak
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Jana Y Waldmann
- Library Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia.
| | - Peter J Thomas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia; Department of Intensive Care, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia.
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14
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Malik J, Valerianova A, Pesickova SS, Hruskova Z, Bednarova V, Michalek P, Polakovic V, Tesar V. CZecking heart failure in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (Czech HF-CKD): Study protocol. J Vasc Access 2024; 25:294-302. [PMID: 35676802 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221099843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on hemodialysis. It is not easy to distinguish HF from water overload. The traditional HF definition has low sensitivity and specificity in this population. Moreover, many patients on hemodialysis have exercise limitations unrelated to HF. Therefore, we postulated two new HF definitions ((1) Modified definition of the Acute Dialysis Quality Improvement working group; (2) Hemodynamic definition based on the calculation of the effective cardiac output). We hypothesize that the newer definitions will better identify patients with higher number of endpoints and with more advanced structural heart disease. METHODS Cohort, observational, longitudinal study with recording predefined endpoints. Patients (n = 300) treated by hemodialysis in six collaborating centers will be examined centrally in a tertiary cardiovascular center every 6-12 months lifelong or till kidney transplantation by detailed expert echocardiography with the calculation of cardiac output, arteriovenous dialysis fistula flow volume calculation, bio-impedance, and basic laboratory analysis including NTproBNP. Effective cardiac output will be measured as the difference between measured total cardiac output and arteriovenous fistula flow volume and systemic vascular resistance will be also assessed non-invasively. In case of water overload during examination, dry weight adjustment will be recommended, and the patient invited for another examination within 6 weeks. A composite major endpoint will consist of (1) Cardiovascular death; (2) HF worsening/new diagnosis of; (3) Non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. The two newer HF definitions will be compared with the traditional one in terms of time to major endpoint analysis. DISCUSSION This trial will differ from others by: (1) detailed repeated hemodynamic assessment including arteriovenous access flow and (2) by careful assessment of adequate hydration to avoid confusion between HF and water overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Malik
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Valerianova
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Satu Sinikka Pesickova
- B. Braun Avitum, Dialysis Center Ohradni, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Hruskova
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Bednarova
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michalek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Polakovic
- Internal Department Strahov, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Kharat A, Tallaa F, Lepage MA, Trinh E, Suri RS, Mavrakanas TA. Volume Status Assessment by Lung Ultrasound in End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231217853. [PMID: 38148768 PMCID: PMC10750529 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231217853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Lung ultrasound is a noninvasive bedside technique that can accurately assess pulmonary congestion by evaluating extravascular lung water. This technique is expanding and is easily available. Our primary outcome was to compare the efficacy of volume status assessment by lung ultrasound with clinical evaluation, echocardiography, bioimpedance, or biomarkers. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Sources of information We conducted a MEDLINE literature search for observational and randomized studies with lung ultrasound in patients on maintenance dialysis. Methods From a total of 2363 articles, we included 28 studies (25 observational and 3 randomized). The correlation coefficients were pooled for each variable of interest using the generic inverse variance method with a random effects model. Among the clinical parameters, New York Heart Association Functional Classification of Heart Failure status and lung auscultation showed the highest correlation with the number of B-lines on ultrasound, with a pooled r correlation coefficient of .57 and .36, respectively. Among echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction and inferior vena cava index had the strongest correlation with the number of B-lines, with a pooled r coefficient of .35 and .31, respectively. Three randomized studies compared a lung ultrasound-guided approach with standard of care on hard clinical endpoints. Although patients in the lung ultrasound group achieved better decongestion and blood pressure control, there was no difference between the 2 management strategies with respect to death from any cause or major adverse cardiovascular events. Key findings Lung ultrasound may be considered for the identification of patients with subclinical volume overload. Trials did not show differences in clinically important outcomes. The number of studies was small and many were of suboptimal quality. Limitations The included studies were heterogeneous and of relatively limited quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Kharat
- Division of Respirology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Faissal Tallaa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lepage
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilie Trinh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rita S. Suri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Mavrakanas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Koratala A, Kazory A. Seeing through the myths: Practical aspects of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound in nephrology. World J Nephrol 2023; 12:112-119. [PMID: 38230300 PMCID: PMC10789085 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i5.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is emerging as an invaluable tool for guiding patient care at the bedside, providing real-time diagnostic information to clinicians. Today, POCUS is recognized as the fifth pillar of bedside clinical examination, alongside inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. In spite of growing interest, the adoption of diagnostic POCUS in nephrology remains limited, and comprehensive training beyond kidney ultrasound is offered in only a few fellowship programs. Moreover, several misconceptions and barriers surround the integration of POCUS into day-to-day nephrology practice. These include myths about its scope, utility, impact on patient outcomes and legal implications. In this minireview, we address some of these issues to encourage wider and proper utilization of POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States
| | - Amir Kazory
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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17
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Lindow T, Quadrelli S, Ugander M. Noninvasive Imaging Methods for Quantification of Pulmonary Edema and Congestion: A Systematic Review. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:1469-1484. [PMID: 37632500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of pulmonary edema and congestion is important to guide diagnosis and risk stratification, and to objectively evaluate new therapies in heart failure. Herein, we review the validation, diagnostic performance, and clinical utility of noninvasive imaging modalities in this setting, including chest x-ray, lung ultrasound (LUS), computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine imaging methods (positron emission tomography [PET], single photon emission CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). LUS is a clinically useful bedside modality, and fully quantitative methods (CT, MRI, PET) are likely to be important contributors to a more accurate and precise evaluation of new heart failure therapies and for clinical use in conjunction with cardiac imaging. There are only a limited number of studies evaluating pulmonary congestion during stress. Taken together, noninvasive imaging of pulmonary congestion provides utility for both clinical and research assessment, and continued refinement of methodologic accuracy, validation, and workflow has the potential to increase broader clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindow
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Physiology, Research and Development, Växjö Central Hospital, Region Kronoberg, Sweden; Clinical Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Scott Quadrelli
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin Ugander
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockhom, Sweden.
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18
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Patel S, Green A, Ashokumar S, Hoke A, Rachoin JS. Objective Methods of Assessing Fluid Status to Optimize Volume Management in Kidney Disease and Hypertension: The Importance of Ultrasound. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6368. [PMID: 37835014 PMCID: PMC10573183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid overload, a prevalent complication in patients with renal disease and hypertension, significantly impacts patient morbidity and mortality. The daily clinical challenges that clinicians face include how to identify fluid overload early enough in the course of the disease to prevent adverse outcomes and to guide and potentially reduce the intensity of the diuresis. Traditional methods for evaluating fluid status, such as pitting edema, pulmonary crackles, or chest radiography primarily assess extracellular fluid and do not accurately reflect intravascular volume status or venous congestion. This review explores the rationale, mechanism, and evidence behind more recent methods used to assess volume status, namely, lung ultrasound, inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasound, venous excess ultrasound score, and basic and advanced cardiac echocardiographic techniques. These methods offer a more accurate and objective assessment of fluid status, providing real-time, non-invasive measures of intravascular volume and venous congestion. The methods we discuss are primarily used in inpatient settings, but, given the increased pervasiveness of ultrasound technology, some could soon expand to the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Patel
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (S.P.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Adam Green
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (S.P.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Sandhya Ashokumar
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (S.P.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Andrew Hoke
- Department of Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA;
| | - Jean-Sebastien Rachoin
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (S.P.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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19
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Ostras O, Shponka I, Pinton G. Ultrasound imaging of lung disease and its relationship to histopathology: An experimentally validated simulation approach. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2410-2425. [PMID: 37850835 PMCID: PMC10586875 DOI: 10.1121/10.0021870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a widely used technique in clinical lung assessment, yet the relationship between LUS images and the underlying disease remains poorly understood due in part to the complexity of the wave propagation physics in complex tissue/air structures. Establishing a clear link between visual patterns in ultrasound images and underlying lung anatomy could improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical deployment of LUS. Reverberation that occurs at the lung interface is complex, resulting in images that require interpretation of the artifacts deep in the lungs. These images are not accurate spatial representations of the anatomy due to the almost total reflectivity and high impedance mismatch between aerated lung and chest wall. Here, we develop an approach based on the first principles of wave propagation physics in highly realistic maps of the human chest wall and lung to unveil a relationship between lung disease, tissue structure, and its resulting effects on ultrasound images. It is shown that Fullwave numerical simulations of ultrasound propagation and histology-derived acoustical maps model the multiple scattering physics at the lung interface and reproduce LUS B-mode images that are comparable to clinical images. However, unlike clinical imaging, the underlying tissue structure model is known and controllable. The amount of fluid and connective tissue components in the lung were gradually modified to model disease progression, and the resulting changes in B-mode images and non-imaging reverberation measures were analyzed to explain the relationship between pathological modifications of lung tissue and observed LUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Ostras
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Ihor Shponka
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Gianmarco Pinton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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20
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Teixeira JP, Zeidman A, Beaubien-Souligny W, Cerdá J, Connor MJ, Eggleston K, Juncos LA, da Silva JR, Wells C, Yessayan L, Barker AB, McConville W, Speer R, Wille KM, Neyra JA, Tolwani A. Proceedings of the 2022 UAB CRRT Academy: Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring to Guide Fluid Removal with CRRT and Proliferation of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Devices. Blood Purif 2023; 52:857-879. [PMID: 37742622 DOI: 10.1159/000533573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, we celebrated the 15th anniversary of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Academy, a 2-day conference attended yearly by an international audience of over 100 nephrology, critical care, and multidisciplinary trainees and practitioners. This year, we introduce the proceedings of the UAB CRRT Academy, a yearly review of select emerging topics in the field of critical care nephrology that feature prominently in the conference. First, we review the rapidly evolving field of non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring and its potential to guide fluid removal by renal replacement therapy (RRT). We begin by summarizing the accumulating data associating fluid overload with harm in critical illness and the potential for harm from end-organ hypoperfusion caused by excessive fluid removal with RRT, underscoring the importance of accurate, dynamic assessment of volume status. We describe four applications of point-of-care ultrasound used to identify patients in need of urgent fluid removal or likely to tolerate fluid removal: lung ultrasound, inferior vena cava ultrasound, venous excess ultrasonography, and Doppler of the left ventricular outflow track to estimate stroke volume. We briefly introduce other minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies before concluding that additional prospective data are urgently needed to adapt these technologies to the specific task of fluid removal by RRT and to learn how best to integrate them into practical fluid-management strategies. Second, we focus on the growth of novel extracorporeal blood purification devices, starting with brief reviews of the inflammatory underpinnings of multiorgan dysfunction and the specific applications of pathogen, endotoxin, and/or cytokine removal and immunomodulation. Finally, we review a series of specific adsorptive technologies, several of which have seen substantial clinical use during the COVID-19 pandemic, describing their mechanisms of target removal, the limited existing data supporting their efficacy, ongoing and future studies, and the need for additional prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pedro Teixeira
- Division of Nephrology and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amanda Zeidman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jorge Cerdá
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Connor
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Luis A Juncos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans' Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Catherine Wells
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lenar Yessayan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew B Barker
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wendy McConville
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajesh Speer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Keith M Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Javier A Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashita Tolwani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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21
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Hallgren C, Svensson CJ, Ullerstam T, Olin M, Dezfoolian H, Kashioulis P, Oras J. Validating a Simplified Lung Ultrasound Protocol for Detection and Quantification of Pulmonary Edema in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:2013-2021. [PMID: 36928585 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary edema is a common clinical problem and lung ultrasound (LUS) presents an efficient method for evaluating this pathology. This study aims to investigate if a clinically efficient LUS protocol can quantify the level of extravascular lung fluid in patients receiving hemodialysis, and to develop a simplified B-line scoring system based on this protocol. METHODS A simple 8-area LUS approach was used for the assessment of the extravascular fluid status in patients before, during, and after receiving hemodialysis. The LUS assessments were compared to the amount of removed fluid over time. To determine the best B-line score system, different scorings for each zone were tested in a linear mixed model with pseudo R-square model fit against removed fluid. The B-line score was further validated through correlations with changes in oxygen saturation, grade of dyspnea, and body weight over time. RESULTS A total of 53 patients were included and examined on 108 hemodialysis occasions. Median fluid removal was 2.3 L. The B-line score model with best fit was a score of 0 points in a zone with 0 or 1 B-lines, 1 point with 2 or 3 B-lines, 2 points with 3 or more B-lines, and 3 points with any interstitial confluence. Using this B-line score, we found a significant association with amount of removed fluid, oxygen saturation, grade of dyspnea, and change in body weight. CONCLUSION A straightforward protocol for LUS and B-line score system was shown valid for quantification of pulmonary edema and fluid removal in hemodialysis patients. The scoring system developed here can be useful also in other patient groups, but this requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Hallgren
- Department of Anesthesia, Operation and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Svensson
- Department of Anesthesia, Operation and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Ullerstam
- Department of Anesthesia, Operation and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Olin
- Department of Anesthesia, Operation and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hamid Dezfoolian
- Department of Kidney Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pavlos Kashioulis
- Department of Kidney Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Oras
- Department of Anesthesia, Operation and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Boriani G, Imberti JF, Bonini N, Carriere C, Mei DA, Zecchin M, Piccinin F, Vitolo M, Sinagra G. Remote multiparametric monitoring and management of heart failure patients through cardiac implantable electronic devices. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 115:1-9. [PMID: 37076404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In this review we focus on heart failure (HF) which, as known, is associated with a substantial risk of hospitalizations and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including death. In recent years, systems to monitor cardiac function and patient parameters have been developed with the aim to detect subclinical pathophysiological changes that precede worsening HF. Several patient-specific parameters can be remotely monitored through cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and can be combined in multiparametric scores predicting patients' risk of worsening HF with good sensitivity and moderate specificity. Early patient management at the time of pre-clinical alerts remotely transmitted by CIEDs to physicians might prevent hospitalizations. However, it is not clear yet which is the best diagnostic pathway for HF patients after a CIED alert, which kind of medications should be changed or escalated, and in which case in-hospital visits or in-hospital admissions are required. Finally, the specific role of healthcare professionals involved in HF patient management under remote monitoring is still matter of definition. We analyzed recent data on multiparametric monitoring of patients with HF through CIEDs. We provided practical insights on how to timely manage CIED alarms with the aim to prevent worsening HF. We also discussed the role of biomarkers and thoracic echo in this context, and potential organizational models including multidisciplinary teams for remote care of HF patients with CIEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena 41124, Italy.
| | - Jacopo F Imberti
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena 41124, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bonini
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena 41124, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carriere
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide A Mei
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena 41124, Italy
| | - Massimo Zecchin
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccinin
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena 41124, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Szymczak A, Kusztal M, Gołębiowski T, Letachowicz K, Goździk A, Kościelska-Kasprzak K, Tukiendorf A, Krajewska M. High Plasma Angiopoietin-2 Levels Predict the Need to Initiate Dialysis within Two Years in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10036. [PMID: 37373181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume status, congestion, endothelial activation, and injury all play roles in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the plasma endothelial and overhydration markers could serve as independent predictors for dialysis initiation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3b-5 (GFR < 45 mL/min/1.72 m2) and preserved ejection fraction. A prospective, observational study in a single academic center was conducted from March 2019 to March 2022. Plasma levels of angiopoietin (Ang)-2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Copeptin (CPP), beta-trace protein (BTP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were all measured. Lung ultrasound (US) B-lines, bioimpedance, and echocardiography with global longitudinal strain (GLS) were recorded. The study outcome was the initiation of chronic dialysis (renal replacement therapy) during 24 months of follow-up. A total of 105 consecutive patients with a mean eGFR of 21.3 mL/min/1.73 m were recruited and finally analyzed. A positive correlation between Ang-2 and VCAM-1 and BTP was observed. Ang-2 correlated positively with BNP, cTnI, sCr, E/e', and the extracellular water (ECW)/intracellular water (ICW) ratio (ECW/ICW). After 24 months, a deterioration in renal function was observed in 47 patients (58%). In multivariate regression analysis, both VCAM-1 and Ang-2 showed independent influences on risk of renal replacement therapy initiation. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, 72% of patients with Ang-2 concentrations below the median (3.15 ng/mL) survived without dialysis for two years. Such an impact was not observed for GFR, VCAM, CCP, VEGF-C, or BTP. Endothelial activation, quantified by plasma levels of Ang-2, may play a key role in GFR decline and the need for dialysis initiation in patients with CKD 3b, 4, and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymczak
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kusztal
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gołębiowski
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Letachowicz
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Goździk
- Institute of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Schneider E, Maimon N, Hasidim A, Shnaider A, Migliozzi G, Haviv YS, Halpern D, Abu Ganem B, Fuchs L. Can Dialysis Patients Identify and Diagnose Pulmonary Congestion Using Self-Lung Ultrasound? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113829. [PMID: 37298024 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the recent developments in automated tools, smaller and cheaper machines for lung ultrasound (LUS) are leading us toward the potential to conduct POCUS tele-guidance for the early detection of pulmonary congestion. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a self-lung ultrasound study conducted by hemodialysis (HD) patients to detect pulmonary congestion, with and without artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic tools. METHODS This prospective pilot study was conducted between November 2020 and September 2021. Nineteen chronic HD patients were enrolled in the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) Dialysis Clinic. First, we examined the patient's ability to obtain a self-lung US. Then, we used interrater reliability (IRR) to compare the self-detection results reported by the patients to the observation of POCUS experts and an ultrasound (US) machine with an AI-based automatic B-line counting tool. All the videos were reviewed by a specialist blinded to the performer. We examined their agreement degree using the weighted Cohen's kappa (Kw) index. RESULTS A total of 19 patients were included in our analysis. We found moderate to substantial agreement between the POCUS expert review and the automatic counting both when the patient performed the LUS (Kw = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.05-0.93]) and when the researcher performed it (Kw = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.67-0.67]). Patients were able to place the probe in the correct position and present a lung image well even weeks from the teaching session, but did not show good abilities in correctly saving or counting B-lines compared to an expert or an automatic counting tool. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LUS self-monitoring for pulmonary congestion can be a reliable option if the patient's count is combined with an AI application for the B-line count. This study provides insight into the possibility of utilizing home US devices to detect pulmonary congestion, enabling patients to have a more active role in their health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Schneider
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
| | - Netta Maimon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
| | - Ariel Hasidim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
| | - Alla Shnaider
- Department of Nephrology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8457108, Israel
| | - Gabrielle Migliozzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
| | - Yosef S Haviv
- Department of Nephrology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8457108, Israel
| | - Dor Halpern
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
| | - Basel Abu Ganem
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
- Emergency Room, Joseftal Hospital, Eilat 8808024, Israel
| | - Lior Fuchs
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 7747629, Israel
- Medical Intensive Care Unit and Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8457108, Israel
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25
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Cook DL, Patel S, Nee R, Little DJ, Cohen SD, Yuan CM. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Use in Nephrology: A Survey of Nephrology Program Directors, Fellows, and Fellowship Graduates. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100601. [PMID: 36941846 PMCID: PMC10024220 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Adoption of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into nephrology practice has been relatively slow. We surveyed US nephrology program directors, their fellows, and graduates from a single training program regarding current/planned POCUS training, clinical use, and barriers to training and use. Study Design Anonymous, online survey. Setting & Participants All US nephrology program directors (n=151), their fellows (academic year 2021-2022), and 89/90 graduates (1980-2021) of the Walter Reed Nephrology Program. Analytical Approach Descriptive. Results 46% (69/151) of program directors and 33% (118/361) of their fellows responded. Response rate was 62% (55/89) for Walter Reed graduates. 51% of program directors offered POCUS training, most commonly bedside training in non-POCUS oriented rotations (71%), didactic lectures (68%), and simulation (43%). 46% of fellows reported receiving POCUS training, but of these, many reported not being sufficiently trained/not confident in kidney (56%), bladder (50%), and inferior vena cava assessment (46%). Common barriers to training reported by program directors were not enough trained faculty (78%), themselves not being sufficiently trained (55%), and equipment expense (51%). 64% of program directors and 55% of fellows reported <10% of faculty were able to perform POCUS. 64% of fellows reported having too little POCUS training. 72% of program directors and 77% of graduates felt POCUS should be incorporated into the fellowship curriculum. 59% of fellows and 61% of graduates desired hands-on POCUS training rather than didactic lectures or simulation. Limitations Loss of respondents as program directors and fellows progressed through the survey. Conclusions Nephrology program directors, fellows, and graduates surveyed want POCUS training incorporated into the fellowship curriculum. No group felt sufficiently trained to confidently perform POCUS, and the major barrier to training was lack of sufficiently trained faculty. This highlights the need to "train the trainers" before POCUS can be fully integrated into fellowship training and regularly used in nephrology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Cook
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samir Patel
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Robert Nee
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dustin J. Little
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Scott D. Cohen
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christina M. Yuan
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- Address for Correspondence: Christina M. Yuan, MD, Nephrology SVC, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889.
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26
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Bhasin-Chhabra B, Koratala A. Point of care ultrasonography in onco-nephrology: A stride toward better physical examination. World J Nephrol 2023; 12:29-39. [PMID: 37035508 PMCID: PMC10075017 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Onco-Nephrology is an emerging subspecialty of Nephrology that focuses on a broad spectrum of renal disorders that can arise in patients with cancer. It encompasses acute kidney injury (AKI), complex fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders, as well as chronic kidney disease caused or exacerbated by cancer and/or its treatment. In many such scenarios including AKI and hyponatremia, objective evaluation of hemodynamics is vital for appropriate management. Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a limited ultrasound exam performed at the bedside and interpreted by the treating physician intended to answer focused clinical questions and guide therapy. Compared to conventional physical examination, POCUS offers substantially higher diagnostic accuracy for various structural and hemodynamic derangements. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the utility of POCUS enhanced physical examination for the Onconephrologist supported by the current evidence and our experience-based opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Bhasin-Chhabra
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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27
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Johri AM, Glass C, Hill B, Jensen T, Puentes W, Olusanya O, Capizzano JN, Dancel R, Reierson K, Reisinger N, Liblik K, Galen BT. The Evolution of Cardiovascular Ultrasound: A Review of Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Across Specialties. Am J Med 2023:S0002-9343(23)00158-4. [PMID: 36889497 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is now widespread in clinics, emergency departments, and all areas of the hospital. Users include medical trainees, advanced practice practitioners, and attending physicians in many specialties and sub-specialties. Opportunities to learn cardiac POCUS and requirements for training vary across specialties as does the scope of the cardiac POCUS examination. In this review, we describe both a brief history of how cardiac POCUS emerged from echocardiography and the state of the art across a variety of medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Casey Glass
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Braeden Hill
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Jensen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilfredo Puentes
- Department of Anesthesia, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olusegun Olusanya
- Department of Critical Care, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ria Dancel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kreegan Reierson
- Department of Hospital Medicine, HealthPartners Medical Group, Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathaniel Reisinger
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kiera Liblik
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Galen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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28
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Gembillo G, Calimeri S, Tranchida V, Silipigni S, Vella D, Ferrara D, Spinella C, Santoro D, Visconti L. Lung Dysfunction and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Complex Network of Multiple Interactions. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020286. [PMID: 36836520 PMCID: PMC9966880 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that affects > 10% of the total population worldwide or >800 million people. CKD poses a particularly heavy burden in low- and middle-income countries, which are least able to cope with its consequences. It has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is one of the few non-communicable diseases where the number of related deaths has increased over the last two decades. The high number of people affected, and the significant negative impact of CKD should be a reason to increase efforts to improve prevention and treatment. The interaction of lung and kidney leads to highly complex and difficult clinical scenarios. CKD significantly affects the physiology of the lung by altering fluid homeostasis, acid-base balance and vascular tone. In the lung, haemodynamic disturbances lead to the development of alterations in ventilatory control, pulmonary congestion, capillary stress failure and pulmonary vascular disease. In the kidney, haemodynamic disturbances lead to sodium and water retention and the deterioration of renal function. In this article, we would like to draw attention to the importance of harmonising the definitions of clinical events in pneumology and renal medicine. We would also like to highlight the need for pulmonary function tests in routine clinical practise for the management of patients with CKD, in order to find new concepts for pathophysiological based disease-specific management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-00902212265
| | - Sebastiano Calimeri
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Tranchida
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Silipigni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, Policlinico “G. Martino’’, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Vella
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferrara
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Spinella
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Visconti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Demi L, Wolfram F, Klersy C, De Silvestri A, Ferretti VV, Muller M, Miller D, Feletti F, Wełnicki M, Buda N, Skoczylas A, Pomiecko A, Damjanovic D, Olszewski R, Kirkpatrick AW, Breitkreutz R, Mathis G, Soldati G, Smargiassi A, Inchingolo R, Perrone T. New International Guidelines and Consensus on the Use of Lung Ultrasound. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:309-344. [PMID: 35993596 PMCID: PMC10086956 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Following the innovations and new discoveries of the last 10 years in the field of lung ultrasound (LUS), a multidisciplinary panel of international LUS experts from six countries and from different fields (clinical and technical) reviewed and updated the original international consensus for point-of-care LUS, dated 2012. As a result, a total of 20 statements have been produced. Each statement is complemented by guidelines and future developments proposals. The statements are furthermore classified based on their nature as technical (5), clinical (11), educational (3), and safety (1) statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libertario Demi
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Frank Wolfram
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular SurgerySRH Wald‐Klinikum GeraGeraGermany
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. MatteoPaviaItaly
| | | | - Marie Muller
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Douglas Miller
- Department of RadiologyMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Francesco Feletti
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingUnit of Radiology of the Hospital of Ravenna, Ausl RomagnaRavennaItaly
- Department of Translational Medicine and for RomagnaUniversità Degli Studi di FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Marcin Wełnicki
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Natalia Buda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Disease and GeriatricsMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Agnieszka Skoczylas
- Geriatrics DepartmentNational Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and RehabilitationWarsawPoland
| | - Andrzej Pomiecko
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Hematology and OncologyUniversity Clinical CenterGdańskPoland
| | - Domagoj Damjanovic
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Robert Olszewski
- Department of Gerontology, Public Health and DidacticsNational Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and RehabilitationWarsawPoland
| | - Andrew W. Kirkpatrick
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Calgary and the TeleMentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions Research GroupCalgaryCanada
| | - Raoul Breitkreutz
- FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management gGmbHDepartment of Health and SocialEssenGermany
| | - Gebhart Mathis
- Emergency UltrasoundAustrian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine and BiologyViennaAustria
| | - Gino Soldati
- Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound UnitValledel Serchio General HospitalLuccaItaly
| | - Andrea Smargiassi
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital FoundationUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Riccardo Inchingolo
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital FoundationUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
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30
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Al-Saray MZ, Ali A. Lung Ultrasound and Caval Indices to Assess Volume Status in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. POCUS JOURNAL 2023; 8:52-59. [PMID: 37152331 PMCID: PMC10155735 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v8i1.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Volume overload is common in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and dialysis patients. Hence, the need for objective tools to detect such volume excess. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is a goal-directed, bedside examination to answer such a specific diagnostic question. Methods: One hundred Iraqi adult hemodialysis patients were recruited from February 1 to May 31, 2022. Primary clinical, dialysis data, and prescriptions were recorded. A nephrologist performed a POCUS examination after the last dialysis session of the week. In addition, an ultrasound examination of the chest was performed to detect B-lines and pleural effusion. Caval parameters included inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index. Results: The mean age of the study group was 51.48 ± 14.6 years, with 53% males. The mean interdialytic weight gain was 2.74 ± 1.15 Kg. Lower limb edema and pleural effusion were present in 33% and 27%, respectively. Forty-seven percent of patients had >3 B-lines on lung ultrasound with a range of 12. Forty-three percent of patients had an IVC diameter of >2 cm, and 93% had <50% IVC collapsibility. In total, 97% of patients had evidence of excess volume by ultrasound criteria. IVC collapsibility index was the most prevalent sign of excess volume (93%). Patients without lower limb edema and pleural effusion had positive B-lines in 38.8% and 38.3%, an IVC diameter >2 cm in 46.2% and 38.3%, and IVC collapsibility <50% in 89.5% and 95.8% respectively. Conclusion: Iraqi maintenance hemodialysis patients are volume overloaded, which warrants proper intervention for detection and dialysis management. POCUS is a useful and easily performed technique to assess the volume status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Z Al-Saray
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Centre, The Medical CityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ala Ali
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Centre, The Medical CityBaghdadIraq
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Tan GFL, Du T, Liu JS, Chai CC, Nyein CM, Liu AYL. Automated lung ultrasound image assessment using artificial intelligence to identify fluid overload in dialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:410. [PMID: 36564742 PMCID: PMC9789672 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-03044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid assessment is challenging, and fluid overload poses a significant problem among dialysis patients, with pulmonary oedema being the most serious consequence. Our study aims to develop a simple objective fluid assessment strategy using lung ultrasound (LUS) and artificial intelligence (AI) to assess the fluid status of dialysis patients. METHODS This was a single-centre study of 76 hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients carried out between July 2020 to May 2022. The fluid status of dialysis patients was assessed via a simplified 8-point LUS method using a portable handheld ultrasound device (HHUSD), clinical examination and bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The primary outcome was the performance of 8-point LUS using a portable HHUSD in diagnosing fluid overload compared to physical examination and BIA. The secondary outcome was to develop and validate a novel AI software program to quantify B-line count and assess the fluid status of dialysis patients. RESULTS Our study showed a moderate correlation between LUS B-line count and fluid overload assessed by clinical examination (r = 0.475, p < 0.001) and BIA (r = 0.356. p < 0.001). The use of AI to detect B-lines on LUS in our study for dialysis patients was shown to have good agreement with LUS B lines observed by physicians; (r = 0.825, p < 0.001) for the training dataset and (r = 0.844, p < 0.001) for the validation dataset. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that 8-point LUS using HHUSD, with AI-based detection of B lines, can provide clinically useful information on the assessment of hydration status and diagnosis of fluid overload for dialysis patients in a user-friendly and time-efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Feng Ling Tan
- grid.415203.10000 0004 0451 6370Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828 Singapore
| | - Tiehua Du
- grid.458363.f0000 0000 9022 3419Nanyang Polytechnic, Ave 8, Singapore, 569830 Singapore
| | - Justin Shuang Liu
- grid.466910.c0000 0004 0451 6215Ministry of Health Holdings Pte Ltd, Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253 Singapore
| | - Chung Cheen Chai
- grid.415203.10000 0004 0451 6370Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828 Singapore
| | - Chan Maung Nyein
- grid.415203.10000 0004 0451 6370Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828 Singapore
| | - Allen Yan Lun Liu
- grid.415203.10000 0004 0451 6370Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828 Singapore
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Trirattanapikul A, Kongpetch S, Lukkanalikitkul E, Ahooja A, Seesuk P, Sharma A, Anutrakulchai S. Lung Ultrasound Estimates the Overhydration and Benefits Blood Pressure Control in Normal or Mild Symptomatic Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2022; 15:383-395. [PMID: 36570492 PMCID: PMC9784469 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s374569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung ultrasound (LUS) is used for dry weight guidance by assessment of pulmonary congestion in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate amounts of accumulated fluid by total LUS scores (TLUSS), which were scarcely reported in HD patients who were normal or had a mild functional abnormality. In addition, the correlations between the LUS score of each area and TLUSS were determined to suggest fewer specific areas valuable to shorten the examination time of LUS. Methods This cohort study was conducted in adult HD patients who have New York Heart Association Classes I-II. LUS and multifrequency bioimpedance (BIA) were performed at baseline and the individual prescribed dry weight was set. Then each LUS was conducted at 28 areas of bilateral intercostal spaces and calculated as TLUSS weekly for eight weeks in which dry weight was adjusted. The second BIA was also measured at week eight. The difference of pre-HD weight and target weight (weight gain; WG) represented the amount of fluid accumulation. Results Twenty patients with a mean age of 62.2±14.0 years were enrolled. One hundred and sixty-six LUS were performed in which forty episodes of them were simultaneously measured with BIA. Optimum dry weight adjusted by TLUSS which benefited in mean reductions of blood pressure, and cardiothoracic ratios. WG amounts were significantly correlated with TLUSS (r=0.38), and with extracellular fluid (r=0.35) and overhydration fluid (r=0.39) assessed by BIA. Estimations of mean fluid overload were 2.18 (TLUSS ≤15), 2.72 (TLUSS 16-24), 3.17 (TLUSS 25-33), 3.65 (TLUSS 34-38) and 5.03 (TLUSS ≥39) in liters. The cut-off points of sum scores of 12 specific lung areas represented the none-mild were <8, moderate at 8-16, and severe pulmonary congestions were >16. Conclusion TLUSS estimated accumulated fluid useful for volume and blood pressure controls. Performance of LUS in 12 specific lung areas may reduce spending time and support routine uses of LUS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sawinee Kongpetch
- Deparment of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Kidney Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Lukkanalikitkul
- Deparment of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Kidney Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anucha Ahooja
- Department of Radiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Patamapon Seesuk
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amod Sharma
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Project, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Deparment of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Project, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Correspondence: Sirirat Anutrakulchai, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Email ;
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Koratala A. Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Look Beyond the Catheter. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:3163-3164. [PMID: 35603640 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Mark PB, Mangion K, Rankin AJ, Rutherford E, Lang NN, Petrie MC, Stoumpos S, Patel RK. Left ventricular dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction: the most common left ventricular disorder in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:2186-2199. [PMID: 36381379 PMCID: PMC9664574 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. As kidney function declines, the presence of left ventricular abnormalities increases such that by the time kidney replacement therapy is required with dialysis or kidney transplantation, more than two-thirds of patients have left ventricular hypertrophy. Historically, much research in nephrology has focussed on the structural and functional aspects of cardiac disease in CKD, particularly using echocardiography to describe these abnormalities. There is a need to translate knowledge around these imaging findings to clinical outcomes such as unplanned hospital admission with heart failure and premature cardiovascular death. Left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, which are common in CKD, predispose to the clinical syndrome of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is a bidirectional relationship between CKD and HFpEF, whereby CKD is a risk factor for HFpEF and CKD impacts outcomes for patients with HFpEF. There have been major improvements in outcomes for patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction as a result of several large randomized controlled trials. Finding therapy for HFpEF has been more elusive, although recent data suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition offers a novel evidence-based class of therapy that improves outcomes in HFpEF. These observations have emerged as this class of drugs has also become the standard of care for many patients with proteinuric CKD, suggesting that there is now hope for addressing the combination of HFpEF and CKD in parallel. In this review we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies and treatment of HFpEF with a focus on patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Mark
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kenneth Mangion
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alastair J Rankin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Rutherford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Nephrology, NHS Dumfries and Galloway, Dumfries, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sokratis Stoumpos
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rajan K Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Beaubien-Souligny W, Trott T, Neyra JA. How to Determine Fluid Management Goals during Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy in Patients with AKI: Focus on POCUS. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1795-1806. [PMID: 36514727 PMCID: PMC9717662 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002822022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of kidney replacement therapies (KRT) for fluid management of patients who are critically ill has significantly increased over the last years. Clinical studies have suggested that both fluid accumulation and high fluid removal rates are associated with adverse outcomes in the critically ill population receiving KRT. Importantly, the ideal indications and/or fluid management strategies that could favorably affect these patients are unknown; however, differentiating clinical scenarios in which effective fluid removal may provide benefit to the patient by avoiding congestive organ injury, compared with other settings in which this intervention may result in harm, is direly needed in the critical care nephrology field. In this review, we describe observational data related to fluid management with KRT, and examine the role of point-of-care ultrasonography as a potential tool that could provide physiologic insights to better individualize decisions related to fluid management through KRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Beaubien-Souligny
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Health Center (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Terren Trott
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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36
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Moore CA, Ross DW, Pivert KA, Lang VJ, Sozio SM, O’Neill WC. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training during Nephrology Fellowship: A National Survey of Fellows and Program Directors. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1487-1494. [PMID: 36130826 PMCID: PMC9528278 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01850222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)-performed by a clinician during a patient encounter and used in patient assessment and care planning-has many potential applications in nephrology. Yet, US nephrologists have been slow to adopt POCUS, which may affect the training of nephrology fellows. This study sought to identify the current state of POCUS training and implementation in nephrology fellowships. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Concise survey instruments measuring attitudes toward POCUS, its current use, fellow competence, and POCUS curricula were disseminated to (1) 912 US nephrology fellows taking the 2021 Nephrology In-Training Examination and (2) 229 nephrology training program directors and associate program directors. Fisher exact, chi-squared, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the frequencies of responses and the average responses between fellows and training program directors/associate program directors when possible. RESULTS Fellow and training program directors/associate program directors response rates were 69% and 37%, respectively. Only 38% of fellows (240 respondents) reported receiving POCUS education during their fellowship, and just 33% of those who did receive POCUS training reported feeling competent to use POCUS independently. Similarly, just 23% of training program directors/associate program directors indicated that they had a POCUS curriculum in place, although 74% of training program directors and associate program directors indicated that a program was in development or that there was interest in creating a POCUS curriculum. Most fellow and faculty respondents rated commonly covered POCUS topics-including dialysis access imaging and kidney biopsy-as "important" or "very important," with the greatest interest in diagnostic kidney ultrasound. Guided scanning with an instructor was the highest-rated teaching strategy. The most frequently reported barrier to POCUS program development was the lack of available instructors. CONCLUSIONS Despite high trainee and faculty interest in POCUS, the majority of current nephrology fellows are not receiving POCUS training. Hands-on training guided by an instructor is highly valued, yet availability of adequately trained instructors remains a barrier to program development. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_09_21_CJN01850222.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Moore
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Daniel W. Ross
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Great Neck, New York
| | | | - Valerie J. Lang
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine,University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Stephen M. Sozio
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Sandys V, Sexton D, O'Seaghdha C. Artificial intelligence and digital health for volume maintenance in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int 2022; 26:480-495. [PMID: 35739632 PMCID: PMC9796027 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fluid overload is associated with morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of fluid overload remains a priority for the nephrology community. Although current methods of assessing fluid status, such as bioimpedance and lung ultrasound, have prognostic and diagnostic value, no single system or technique can be used to maintain euvolemia. The difficulty in maintaining and assessing fluid status led to a publication by the Kidney Health Initiative in 2019 aimed at fostering innovation in fluid management therapies. This review article focuses on the current limitations in our assessment of extracellular volume, and the novel technology and methods that can create a new paradigm for fluid management. The cardiology community has published research on multiparametric wearable devices that can create individualized predictions for heart failure events. In the future, similar wearable technology may be capable of tracking fluid changes during the interdialytic period and enabling behavioral change. Machine learning methods have shown promise in the prediction of volume-related adverse events. Similar methods can be leveraged to create accurate, automated predictions of dry weight that can potentially be used to guide ultrafiltration targets and interdialytic weight gain goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Sandys
- Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Donal Sexton
- St James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland,Trinity Health Kidney CentreSchool of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland,ADAPT: Research Centre for AI‐Driven Digital Content TechnologyIreland
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38
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Bhasin-Chhabra B, Veitla V, Weinberg S, Koratala A. Demystifying hyponatremia: A clinical guide to evaluation and management. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:1023-1032. [PMID: 36036229 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) is a frequent electrolyte abnormality complicating the clinical care of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia has been associated with an increased risk of mortality. Hyponatremia can be seen in patients with euvolemia, hypovolemia, or hypervolemia. Evaluation of hyponatremia relies on clinical assessment and estimation of serum sodium, urine electrolytes, and serum and urine osmolality in addition to other case-specific laboratory parameters. In addition, point-of-care ultrasonography is an important adjunct to physical assessment in estimation of volume status. Understanding the pathophysiology of the underlying process can lead to a timely diagnosis and appropriate management of hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Bhasin-Chhabra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Vineet Veitla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samuel Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Kang Y, Zhong XK, Chen QW, Yang ZX, Chen XJ, Yu PM, Zhang Q. Prognostic values of B-lines combined with clinical congestion assessment at discharge in heart failure patients. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3044-3051. [PMID: 35736641 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to investigate the additive effect of B-lines on lung ultrasound (LUS) for predicting outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) when combined with conventional assessment of clinical congestion. METHODS AND RESULTS This study prospectively enrolled 117 hospitalized HF patients (61 ± 16 years, 70.1% males) who underwent congestion assessment by the 'wet/dry' status, clinical congestion score (CCS), and B-lines on LUS. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or hospitalization for HF during the 180-day follow-up after discharge. The 'Wet', CCS ≥ 3, and B-lines >5, indicators of congestion positive (+), were observed in 83.8%, 76.1%, and 70.1% of the patients on admission, respectively; and the numbers significantly decreased to 41.9%, 41.9%, and 35.9% at discharge, respectively. The agreement between the 'wet/dry' status and B-lines (58.1%) or between CCS and B-lines (56.4%) was moderate at discharge, in terms of both positive and both negative. By incorporating the B-lines with assessment of clinical congestion, the patients at discharge were divided into three phenotypes as clinical congestion (+), clinical congestion (-) with B-lines (+), and clinical congestion (-) with B-lines (-). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a better survival in the both (-) group ('wet/dry' with B-lines: Chi-square 10.591, P = 0.005; CCS with B-lines: χ2 6.239, P = 0.031). When the 'wet' patients (n = 49) being taken as the reference, the 'dry' patients with B-lines (+) (n = 21) had an identical risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for clinical covariates 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.480-2.134, P = 0.974), while the 'dry' patients with B-lines (-) (n = 47) had a lower risk (HR 0.264, 95% CI 0.113-0.617, P = 0.002). When the CCS (+) patients (n = 49) being regarded as the reference, similar results were obtained in the patients with CCS (-) but B-lines (+) (n = 22) (HR 1.348, 95% CI 0.627-2.896, P = 0.444) as well as in those with both CCS (-) and B-lines (-) (n = 46) (HR 0.447, 95% CI 0.202-0.992, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The combination of B-lines on LUS and conventional assessment helped to identify new phenotypes of congestion that aid in the risk stratification of discharged HF patients. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether this strategy could be adopted as a guide for decongestion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng-Ming Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Canaud B, Kooman JP, Selby NM, Taal M, Maierhofer A, Kopperschmidt P, Francis S, Collins A, Kotanko P. Hidden risks associated with conventional short intermittent hemodialysis: A call for action to mitigate cardiovascular risk and morbidity. World J Nephrol 2022; 11:39-57. [PMID: 35433339 PMCID: PMC8968472 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v11.i2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of maintenance hemodialysis (HD) for end stage kidney disease patients is a success story that continues to save many lives. Nevertheless, intermittent renal replacement therapy is also a source of recurrent stress for patients. Conventional thrice weekly short HD is an imperfect treatment that only partially corrects uremic abnormalities, increases cardiovascular risk, and exacerbates disease burden. Altering cycles of fluid loading associated with cardiac stretching (interdialytic phase) and then fluid unloading (intradialytic phase) likely contribute to cardiac and vascular damage. This unphysiologic treatment profile combined with cyclic disturbances including osmotic and electrolytic shifts may contribute to morbidity in dialysis patients and augment the health burden of treatment. As such, HD patients are exposed to multiple stressors including cardiocirculatory, inflammatory, biologic, hypoxemic, and nutritional. This cascade of events can be termed the dialysis stress storm and sickness syndrome. Mitigating cardiovascular risk and morbidity associated with conventional intermittent HD appears to be a priority for improving patient experience and reducing disease burden. In this in-depth review, we summarize the hidden effects of intermittent HD therapy, and call for action to improve delivered HD and develop treatment schedules that are better tolerated and associated with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Canaud
- Global Medical Office, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg 61352, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Montpellier University, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Jeroen P Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 HX, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Taal
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Maierhofer
- Global Research Development, Fresenius Medical Care, Schweinfurt 97424, Germany
| | | | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Collins
- Global Medical Office, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg 61352, Germany
| | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10065, United States
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41
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Mitrosz-Gołębiewska K, Rydzewska-Rosołowska A, Kakareko K, Zbroch E, Hryszko T. Water - A life-giving toxin - A nephrological oxymoron. Health consequences of water and sodium balance disorders. A review article. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:55-65. [PMID: 34979423 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article aims to reveal misconceptions about methods of assessment of hydration status and impact of the water disorders on the progression of kidney disease or renal dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed database was searched for reviews, meta-analyses and original articles on hydration, volume depletion, fluid overload and diagnostic methods of hydration status, which were published in English. RESULTS Based on the results of available literature the relationship between the amount of fluid consumed, and the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and kidney stones disease was discussed. Selected aspects of the assessment of the hydration level in clinical practice based on physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging are presented. The subject of in-hospital fluid therapy is discussed. Based on available randomized studies, an attempt was made to assess, which fluids should be selected for intravenous treatment. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence for the beneficial effect of increased water intake in preventing recurrent cystitis and kidney stones, but there are still no convincing data for chronic kidney disease and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the aforementioned issues and establish a reliable way to assess the volemia and perform suitable fluid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mitrosz-Gołębiewska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kakareko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Zbroch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University od Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hryszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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42
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Lung Congestion Severity in Kidney Transplant Recipients Is Not Affected by Arteriovenous Fistula Function. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030842. [PMID: 35160293 PMCID: PMC8836698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ultrasound is a bedside technique for the assessment of pulmonary congestion. The study aims to assess the severity of lung congestion in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in relation to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency. One hundred fifty-seven patients at least 12 months after kidney transplantation were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Apart from routine visits, lung ultrasound at 28 typical points was performed. The patients were assigned to either AVF+ or AVF− groups. The mean number of lung ultrasound B-lines (USBLs) was 5.14 ± 4.96 with no differences between groups: 5.5 ± 5.0 in AVF+ and 4.8 ± 4.9 in AVF−, p = 0.35. The number and proportion of patients with no congestion (0–5 USBLs), mild congestion (6–15 USBLs), and moderate congestion (16–30 USBLs) were as follows: 101 (64.7%), 49 (31.4%), and 6 (3.8%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, only symptoms (OR 5.90; CI 2.43,14.3; p = 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.09; CI 1.03,1.17; p = 0.0046), and serum cholesterol level (OR 0.994; CI 0.998,1.000; p = 0.0452) contributed significantly to the severity of lung congestion. Lung ultrasound is a valuable tool for the evaluation of KTR. Functioning AVF in KTR is not the major factor affecting the severity of pulmonary congestion.
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Reisinger N, Koratala A. Quantitative Lung Ultrasonography for the Nephrologist: Applications in Dialysis and Heart Failure. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:176-184. [PMID: 35368560 PMCID: PMC8967614 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003972021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volume overload, and its attendant increase in acute care utilization and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, represents a critical challenge for the practicing nephrologist. This is particularly true among patients with ESKD on HD, where predialysis volume overload and intradialytic and postdialytic hypovolemia account for almost a third of all cost for the Medicare dialysis benefit. Quantitative lung ultrasound is a tool for assessing the extent of extravascular lung water that outperforms physical exam and plain chest radiography. B-lines are vertical hyperechoic artifacts present in patients with increased extravascular lung water. B-lines have been shown to decrease dynamically during the hemodialysis treatment in proportion to ultrafiltration volume. Among patients with chronic heart failure, titration of diuretics on the basis of the extent of pulmonary congestion noted on lung ultrasonography has been shown to decrease recurrent acute care utilization. Early data from randomized controlled trials of lung ultrasound-guided ultrafiltration therapy among patients with ESKD on HD have shown promise for potential reduction in recurrent episodes of decompensated heart failure and cardiovascular events. Ultimately, lung ultrasound may predict those who are ultrafiltration tolerant and could be used to decrease acute care utilization and, thus, cost in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Reisinger
- Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Sandys V, Edwards C, McAleese P, O'Hare E, O'Seaghdha C. Protocol of a pilot-scale, single-arm, observational study to assess the utility and acceptability of a wearable hydration monitor in haemodialysis patients. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35073985 PMCID: PMC8785447 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluid overload has a high prevalence in haemodialysis patients and is an important risk factor for excess mortality and hospitalisations. Despite the risks associated with chronic fluid overload, it is clinically difficult to assess and maintain fluid status adequately. Current methods of fluid status assessment are either imprecise or time intensive. In particular, to date, no method exists to accurately assess fluid status during the interdialytic interval. Objectives This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether a prototype wearable hydration monitor can accurately and reproducibly detect fluid overload in the haemodialysis population when compared to haemodialysis and bioimpedance data. Methods A prospective, open-label, single-arm observational trial of 20 patients commenced in January 2021 in a single haemodialysis centre in Ireland, with a wearable hydration monitor, the Sixty device. The Sixty device uses diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to measure fluid levels at the level of the subdermis and uses machine learning to develop an algorithm that can determine fluid status. The Sixty device was worn at every dialysis session and nocturnally over a three-week observational period. Haemodialysis parameters including interdialytic weight gain, ultrafiltration volume, blood pressure, and relative blood volume were collected from each session, and bioimpedance measurements using the Fresenius body composition monitor were performed on 4 occasions as a comparator. The primary objective of this trial was to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of the Sixty device compared to bioimpedance measurements. Conclusion If the accuracy of the wearable hydration monitor is validated, further studies will be conducted to integrate the device output into a multi-parameter machine learning algorithm that can provide patients with actionable insights to manage fluid overload in the interdialytic period. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.govNCT04623281. Registered November 10th, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Sandys
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Colin Edwards
- patientMpower Ltd., 21 Denzille Lane, Dublin, D02 EY19, Ireland
| | - Paul McAleese
- Design to Value Ltd., Innishannon, Co., Cork, Ireland
| | - Emer O'Hare
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Conall O'Seaghdha
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abstract
Volume status assessment is a critical but challenging clinical skill and is especially important for the management of patients in the emergency department, intensive care unit, and dialysis unit where accurate intravascular assessment is necessary to guide appropriate fluid management. Assessment of volume status is subjective and can vary from provider to provider, posing clinical dilemmas. Traditional non-invasive methods of volume assessment include assessment of skin turgor, axillary sweat, peripheral edema, pulmonary crackles, orthostatic vital signs, and jugular venous distension. Invasive assessments of volume status include direct measurement of central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressures. Each of these has their own limitations, challenges, and pitfalls and were often validated based on small cohorts with questionable comparators. In the past 30 years, the increased availability, progressive miniaturization, and falling price of ultrasound devices has made point of care ultrasound (POCUS) widely available. Emerging evidence base and increased uptake across multiple subspecialities has facilitated the adoption of this technology. POCUS is now widely available, relatively inexpensive, free of ionizing radiation, and can help providers make medical decisions with more precision. POCUS is not intended to replace the physical exam, but rather to complement clinical assessment, guiding providers to give thorough and accurate clinical care to their patients. We should be mindful of the nascent literature supporting the use of POCUS and other limitations as uptake increases among providers and be wary not to use POCUS to substitute clinical judgement, but integrate ultrasonographic findings carefully with history and clinical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kearney
- Renal-Electrolyte Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathaniel Reisinger
- Renal-Electrolyte Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sadichhya Lohani
- Renal-Electrolyte Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
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Saqib M, Capelli G, Koratala A. Utility of Nephrologist-Performed Point of Care Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Hyponatremia. POCUS JOURNAL 2022; 7:11-13. [PMID: 36896103 PMCID: PMC9994294 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v7ikidney.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Point of care ultrasonography can be a valuable adjunct to conventional physical examination in patients with hyponatremia that aids in clinical decision making. It can address the shortcomings of traditional volume status assessment such as the inherent low sensitivity of 'classic' signs such as lower extremity edema. Herein, we present a case of a 35-year-old woman where discrepant clinical findings led to confusion in the accurate assessment of volume status but addition of point of care ultrasonography helped to guide the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Saqib
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
| | - Gregory Capelli
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
| | - Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
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Vetrugno L, Mojoli F, Cortegiani A, Bignami EG, Ippolito M, Orso D, Corradi F, Cammarota G, Mongodi S, Boero E, Iacovazzo C, Vargas M, Poole D, Biasucci DG, Persona P, Bove T, Ball L, Chiumello D, Forfori F, de Robertis E, Pelosi P, Navalesi P, Giarratano A, Petrini F. Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care expert consensus statement on the use of lung ultrasound in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (ITACO). JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8611396 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-021-00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background To produce statements based on the available evidence and an expert consensus (as members of the Lung Ultrasound Working Group of the Italian Society of Analgesia, Anesthesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care, SIAARTI) on the use of lung ultrasound for the management of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods A modified Delphi method was applied by a panel of anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians expert in the use of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 intensive critically ill patients to reach a consensus on ten clinical questions concerning the role of lung ultrasound in the following: COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring (with and without invasive mechanical ventilation), positive end expiratory pressure titration, the use of prone position, the early diagnosis of pneumothorax- or ventilator-associated pneumonia, the process of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation, and the need for radiologic chest imaging. Results A total of 20 statements were produced by the panel. Agreement was reached on 18 out of 20 statements (scoring 7–9; “appropriate”) in the first round of voting, while 2 statements required a second round for agreement to be reached. At the end of the two Delphi rounds, the median score for the 20 statements was 8.5 [IQR 8.9], and the agreement percentage was 100%. Conclusion The Lung Ultrasound Working Group of the Italian Society of Analgesia, Anesthesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care produced 20 consensus statements on the use of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. This expert consensus strongly suggests integrating lung ultrasound findings in the clinical management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44158-021-00015-6.
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Ibrahim A, Elbeny HM, Soliman R, Belal S. Lung Ultrasound versus Pulmonary Auscultation in Detecting Pulmonary Congestion in the Critically Ill. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In critically ill patients, auscultation might be challenging as dorsal lung fields are difficult to reach in supine-positioned patients, and the environment is often noisy. In recent years, clinicians have started to consider lung ultrasound (LUS) as a useful diagnostic tool for a variety of pulmonary pathologies, including pulmonary edema.
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare LUS versus pulmonary auscultation for detecting pulmonary edema in critically ill patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients were included in this study, all included patients underwent clinical examination, chest auscultation of anterior and lateral (axillary) chest wall and back in each hemithorax in supine position was done, followed by LUS using Bedside LUS in Emergency (BLUE) protocol. LUS score was recorded; abnormal auscultation was defined as the presence of rales or wheezes. Laboratory tests were done on admission such as pro-BNP, renal function, and blood gases. Pro-BNP was used as diagnostic tool for volume overload and was correlated with LUS and stethoscope for detecting pulmonary edema. Pneumonia was excluded with normal total leukocyte counts, C-reactive protein, and absence of fever.
RESULTS: This study included 61 patients with diagnosis of pulmonary edema, all data were recorded on admission and showed that there was statistically significant good positive correlation between LUS and Pro-BNP (p < 0.05), and Pearson correlation between LUS and Pro-BNP among the studied patients is statistically significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). Furthermore, we found that both LUS and Pro-BNP were statistically significant higher among patients with rales (p < 0.05) only 36 (59%) patients were positive as pulmonary edema with pulmonary auscultation (presence of rales) and 25 (41%) patients were negative for pulmonary edema (NO RALES) while they were positive for pulmonary edema with LUS (high LUS score)and pro-BNP.
CONCLUSION: Pulmonary auscultation has poor sensitivity for pulmonary congestion while LUS had statistically significant higher sensitivity for pulmonary edema.
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Argaiz ER, Koratala A, Reisinger N. Comprehensive Assessment of Fluid Status by Point-of-Care Ultrasonography. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1326-1338. [PMID: 35369665 PMCID: PMC8676400 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006482020 10.34067/kid.0006482020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The management of complex fluid and electrolyte disorders is central to the practice of nephrologists. The sensitivity of physical examination alone to determine fluid status is limited, precluding accurate clinical decision making. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is emerging as a valuable, noninvasive, bedside diagnostic tool for objective evaluation of physiologic and hemodynamic parameters related to fluid status, tolerance, and responsiveness. Rapid bedside sonographic evaluation can obtain qualitative data on cardiac function and quantitative data on pulmonary congestion. Advanced POCUS, including goal-directed Doppler echocardiography, provides additional quantitative information, including flow velocities and pressures across the cardiac structures. Recently, abnormal Doppler flow patterns in abdominal organs secondary to increased right atrial pressure have been linked to congestive organ damage, adding another component to the hemodynamic assessment. Integrating POCUS findings with clinical and laboratory data can further elucidate a patient's hemodynamic status. This drives decisions regarding crystalloid administration or, conversely, diuresis or ultrafiltration and allows tailored therapy for individual patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the focused assessment of cardiovascular function and pulmonary and venous congestion using POCUS and review relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R. Argaiz
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Argaiz ER, Koratala A, Reisinger N. Comprehensive Assessment of Fluid Status by Point-of-Care Ultrasonography. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1326-1338. [PMID: 35369665 PMCID: PMC8676400 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006482020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The management of complex fluid and electrolyte disorders is central to the practice of nephrologists. The sensitivity of physical examination alone to determine fluid status is limited, precluding accurate clinical decision making. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is emerging as a valuable, noninvasive, bedside diagnostic tool for objective evaluation of physiologic and hemodynamic parameters related to fluid status, tolerance, and responsiveness. Rapid bedside sonographic evaluation can obtain qualitative data on cardiac function and quantitative data on pulmonary congestion. Advanced POCUS, including goal-directed Doppler echocardiography, provides additional quantitative information, including flow velocities and pressures across the cardiac structures. Recently, abnormal Doppler flow patterns in abdominal organs secondary to increased right atrial pressure have been linked to congestive organ damage, adding another component to the hemodynamic assessment. Integrating POCUS findings with clinical and laboratory data can further elucidate a patient's hemodynamic status. This drives decisions regarding crystalloid administration or, conversely, diuresis or ultrafiltration and allows tailored therapy for individual patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the focused assessment of cardiovascular function and pulmonary and venous congestion using POCUS and review relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R. Argaiz
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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