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Furman M, Sihotsky V, Virag M, Kopolovets I, Nemethova M, Mucha R. Quantitative analysis of selected genetic markers of induced brain stroke ischemic tolerance detected in human blood. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148590. [PMID: 37739332 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A brain stroke is a serious disease and the second leading cause of death in the European Union. Carotid stenosis accounts for 15% of all ischemic cerebral strokes. However, there is currently no effective screening for carotid disease. Analysis of the DNA from peripheral blood is increasingly being used for several disease diagnoses. The potentially beneficial therapeutic method of inducing tissue tolerance to ischemia has so far been studied mainly in animal models. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the gene expression of selected markers of brain ischemia during carotid endarterectomy, considered in this study as an activator of ischemic tolerance. During the carotid endarterectomy, there is a short-term occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Using the RT-qPCR method, we detected changes in the early identified gene markers of brain ischemia (ADM, CDKN1A, GADD45G, IL6, TM4SF1) in peripheral blood during sub lethal cerebral ischemia caused by carotid endarterectomy. Patients underwenting surgical procedure were divided into three groups: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and those who underwent carotid endarterectomy after an acute stroke. The results were compared to a negative/control group. Carotid endarterectomy had an impact on the expression of all monitored biomarkers. We observed statistically significant changes (p value 0.05-0.001) when comparing the groups among themselves, as well as the presence of ischemic tolerance of brain tissue to ischemic attacks. In conclusion, ADM, GADD45G, and TM4SF1 were affected in symptomatic patients, GADD45G and IL6 in acute patients, and CDKN1A and ADM in asymptomatic group after application of carotid endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Furman
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Sihotsky
- Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Ondavska 8, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Virag
- Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Ondavska 8, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Kopolovets
- Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Ondavska 8, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Nemethova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Roth S, Wernsdorf SR, Liesz A. The role of circulating cell-free DNA as an inflammatory mediator after stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023:10.1007/s00281-023-00993-5. [PMID: 37212886 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. Clinical and experimental studies highlighted the complex role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of stroke. Ischemic brain injury leads to the release of cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular pattern, which binds to pattern recognition receptors on immune cells such as toll-like receptors and cytosolic inflammasome sensors. The downstream signaling cascade then induces a rapid inflammatory response. In this review, we are highlighting the characteristics of cell-free DNA and how these can affect a local as well as a systemic response after stroke. For this purpose, we screened literature on clinical studies investigating cell-free DNA concentration and properties after brain ischemia. We report the current understanding for mechanisms of DNA uptake and sensing in the context of post-stroke inflammation. Moreover, we compare possible treatment options targeting cell-free DNA, DNA-sensing pathways, and the downstream mediators. Finally, we describe clinical implications of this inflammatory pathway for stroke patients, open questions, and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Saskia R Wernsdorf
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Özdemir Ç, Arslan M, Küçük A, Yığman Z, Dursun AD. Therapeutic Efficacy of Boric Acid Treatment on Brain Tissue and Cognitive Functions in Rats with Experimental Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1453-1462. [PMID: 37220543 PMCID: PMC10200114 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s405963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Boric acid (BA) contributes significantly to the protection of the brain by reducing lipid peroxidation and supporting antioxidant defense. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BA treatment in AD rats. Materials and Methods Four groups were formed as Control (C), Alzheimer's (A), Alzheimer's + Boric acid (ABA), Boric acid (BA). Intracerebroventricular injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) was preferred to create an AD. After 4 weeks, BA was applied 3 times every other day. The Radial Arm Maze Test (RAMT) was used to evaluate memory and learning abilities. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations were made in the hippocampus. Results Initial RAMT inlet/outlet (I/O) numbers were similar. Two weeks after STZ injection, I/O numbers decreased in group A and ABA compared to group C and BA (p<0.05). After the second BA application, I/O numbers increased in the ABA group compared to the A group (p<0.05). In group A, PON-1, TOS and OSI levels were higher and TAS levels were lower than in groups BA and C. After BA treatment, PON-1 and OSI levels were lower in the ABA group than in the A group (p<0.05). Although there was an increase in TAS value and a decrease in TOS, this did not make a statistical difference. The thickness of the pyramidal cell in CA1 and the granular cell layers in the dentate gyrus, and the number of intact and degenerated neurons in the pyramidal cell layer were similar between the groups. Discussion Significant improvement in learning and memory abilities after BA application is promising for AD. Conclusion These results show that BA application positively affects learning and memory abilities, and reduces oxidative stress. More extensive studies are required to evaluate histopathological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Özdemir
- Mamak State Hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center (GÜDAM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yığman
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Atılım University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Barber RM, Platt SR, De Risio L, Barber J, Robinson KR. Multiplex analysis of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs after ischemic stroke reveals elevations in chemokines CXCL1 and MCP-1. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1169617. [PMID: 37266378 PMCID: PMC10230061 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1169617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuroinflammation that occurs in the brain after stroke has been shown to be important to disease pathogenesis and outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate a large number of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dogs with clinically-confirmed, naturally occurring stroke. Materials and methods Fifteen dogs with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke and ten healthy control dogs were included in the study. A multiplex immunoassay was utilized to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid for GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, IP-10, CXCL1, MCP-1, and TNF-α. Results Mean concentrations of CXCL1 (stroke-436 pg/ml, control-267 pg/ml, p = 0.01) and MCP-1 (stroke-196 pg/ml, control-66 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.0001) were significantly elevated in dogs with stroke when compared with control dogs. Location and type of infarct, duration of clinical signs, and use of anti-inflammatory medications were not associated with differences in cytokine concentration. Discussion CXCL1 and MCP-1 may play a role in naturally occurring canine stroke and represent targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Barber
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Jamie Barber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelsey R. Robinson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
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TUNCAR A, CANDER B, KÜÇÜKCERAN K, YERLİKAYA FH. NR-2 antikor peptid düzeyinin akut iskemik inmede tanı, prognoz ve koma skorları ile ilişkisi var mıdır? ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2022. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.1116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic and prognostic value of NR-2 peptides as a biomarker in acute ischemic stroke and to evaluate their correlation with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study evaluating the value of NR-2 peptide levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute stroke. The study included 101 patients, who presented to a tertiary healthcare facility and were diagnosed with acute stroke, and 57 healthy controls. In the whole study population, serum NR-2 peptide levels were measured using the ELISA method.
Results: The NR-2 peptide level was 6.32 ± 8.30 in the patient group and 3.91 ± 1.64 in the study group. The NR-2 peptide level was significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.006). No correlation was detected between NR-2 peptide levels and scores in the GCS or NIHSS. The results indicated that NR-2 was a potential biomarker elevated in the early phase of acute stroke, but had no correlation with the prognosis of acute stroke.
Conclusion: Although our data shed light on the use of the NR-2 peptide level as a biomarker in the acute phase in patients with stroke, data are insufficient to predict prognosis. We think that larger, multicentre studies with longer follow-up periods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpay TUNCAR
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Department of Education Services
| | - Basar CANDER
- NECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY, MERAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY
| | - Kadir KÜÇÜKCERAN
- NECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY, MERAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY
| | - Fatma Hümryra YERLİKAYA
- NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, TIBBİ BİYOKİMYA ANABİLİM DALI
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Kozik A, Pavlova M, Petrov I, Bychkov V, Kim L, Dorozhko E, Cheng C, Rodriguez RD, Sheremet E. A review of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in pathological processes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1187:338978. [PMID: 34753586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous growth of the human population and new challenges in the quality of life, it is more important than ever to diagnose diseases and pathologies with high accuracy, sensitivity and in different scenarios from medical implants to the operation room. Although conventional methods of diagnosis revolutionized healthcare, alternative analytical methods are making their way out of academic labs into clinics. In this regard, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) developed immensely with its capability to achieve single-molecule sensitivity and high-specificity in the last two decades, and now it is well on its way to join the arsenal of physicians. This review discusses how SERS is becoming an essential tool for the clinical investigation of pathologies including inflammation, infections, necrosis/apoptosis, hypoxia, and tumors. We critically discuss the strategies reported so far in nanoparticle assembly, functionalization, non-metallic substrates, colloidal solutions and how these techniques improve SERS characteristics during pathology diagnoses like sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit. Moreover, it is crucial to introduce the most recent developments and future perspectives of SERS as a biomedical analytical method. We finally discuss the challenges that remain as bottlenecks for a routine SERS implementation in the medical room from in vitro to in vivo applications. The review showcases the adaptability and versatility of SERS to resolve pathological processes by covering various experimental and analytical methods and the specific spectral features and analysis results achieved by these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kozik
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Siberian Medical State University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Marina Pavlova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Siberian Medical State University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ilia Petrov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Bychkov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Larissa Kim
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Elena Dorozhko
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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Modifications of gene expression detected in peripheral blood after brain ischemia treated with remote postconditioning. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:477-485. [PMID: 34766231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stroke is an acute damage to a certain area of a nerve tissue of the brain. In developed countries, it ranks second among the most often causes of death and is also the leading cause of disability. Recent findings emphasize the significant neuroprotective effect of conditioning on the course and rate of recovery after ischemic attack; however the molecular mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by conditioning is still not completely explored. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this study is an identification of changes in gene expression induced by stimulation of reaction cascades after activation of the neuroprotective mechanism using an experimental rat model of global ischemia. The induction of neuroprotective cascades was stimulated by the application of early and delayed form of remote ischemic postconditioning. The quantitative qRT-PCR method was used to assess the rate of change in ADM, BDNF, CDKN1A, CREB, GADD45G, IL6, nNOS, and TM4SF1 gene expression levels 72 h after ischemic attack. The detected results confirm the neuroprotective effect of both forms of postconditioning. Participation of neuroprotection-related gene expression changes was observed once as an early one (CREB, GADD45G), once as a delayed one (ADM, IL6), or both (BDNF, CDKN1A, nNOS, TM4SF1) postconditioning forms, depending on the particular gene. CONCLUSIONS Our results characterize impact of ischemic tolerance on the molecular level. We predict ischemic tolerance to be consisted of complex combination of early and delayed remote postconditioning.
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Prospects of Therapeutic Target and Directions for Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040321. [PMID: 33916253 PMCID: PMC8065883 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a serious, adverse neurological event and the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Most strokes are caused by a block in cerebral blood flow, resulting in neurological deficits through the death of brain tissue. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only immediate treatment medication for stroke. The goal of rt-PA administration is to reduce the thrombus and/or embolism via thrombolysis; however, the administration of rt-PA must occur within a very short therapeutic timeframe (3 h to 6 h) after symptom onset. Components of the pathological mechanisms involved in ischemic stroke can be used as potential biomarkers in current treatment. However, none are currently under investigation in clinical trials; thus, further studies investigating biomarkers are needed. After ischemic stroke, microglial cells can be activated and release inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines lead to severe neurotoxicity via the overactivation of microglia in prolonged and lasting insults such as stroke. Thus, the balanced regulation of microglial activation may be necessary for therapy. Stem cell therapy is a promising clinical treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Stem cells can increase the functional recovery of damaged tissue after post-ischemic stroke through various mechanisms including the secretion of neurotrophic factors, immunomodulation, the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, and neovascularization. To investigate the use of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases in preclinical studies, however, it is important to develop imaging technologies that are able to evaluate disease progression and to “chase” (i.e., track or monitor) transplanted stem cells in recipients. Imaging technology development is rapidly advancing, and more sensitive techniques, such as the invasive and non-invasive multimodal techniques, are under development. Here, we summarize the potential risk factors and biomarker treatment strategies, stem cell-based therapy and emerging multimodal imaging techniques in the context of stroke. This current review provides a conceptual framework for considering the therapeutic targets and directions for the treatment of brain dysfunctions, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke.
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Zhang L, Ma F, Qi A, Liu L, Zhang J, Xu S, Zhong Q, Chen Y, Zhang CY, Cai C. Integration of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with machine learning for identifying fatty acid metabolite biomarkers of ischemic stroke. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:6656-6659. [PMID: 32409805 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time the integration of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with machine learning for identifying fatty acid metabolite biomarkers of ischemic stroke. In particular, we develop an optimal model to discriminate ischemic stroke patients from healthy persons with 100% sensitivity and 93.18% specificity. This research may facilitate understanding the roles of fatty acid metabolites in stroke occurrence, holding great potential in clinical stroke diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zhang
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Ao Qi
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Lulu Liu
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Simin Xu
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Shimadzu Global COE for Application & Technical Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chun Cai
- Analytical Center, Neurology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
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Bernstein JE, Browne JD, Savla P, Wiginton J, Patchana T, Miulli DE, Wacker MR, Duong J. Inflammatory Markers in Severity of Intracerebral Hemorrhage II: A Follow Up Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e12605. [PMID: 33585095 PMCID: PMC7872478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of brain injury after ICH is thought to be due to mechanical damage followed by ischemic, cytotoxic, and inflammatory changes in the underlying and surrounding tissue. Various inflammatory and non-inflammatory biomarkers have been studied as predictors and potential therapeutic targets for intracerebral hemorrhage. Our prior study showed an association with low vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and increased mortality. This current study looks to expand on our prior results and will look at the relationship between tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), VEGF, Homocysteine (Hcy), and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting outcomes and severity in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with TNFα, CRP, VEGF, Hcy levels drawn on admission. Albumin and CRP levels on admission were used to calculate CAR. Ninety-nine patients were included in the study. Primary outcomes included death, early neurologic decline (END), and hemorrhage size. Secondary outcomes included late neurologic decline (LND), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, GCS on discharge, ICH score, change in hemorrhage size, need for surgical intervention, and length of ICU stay. Results A total of 99 patients were included in this study, with 42% requiring surgical intervention and an overall mortality of 16%. Basal ganglia hemorrhage was seen in 41% of patients. Hcy and CAR were significantly correlated with ICH size in basal ganglia patients (r-=0.36, p=0.03; r=0.43, p=0.03, respectively). CAR was significantly correlated with ICH score (r=0.33, p=0.007874). Admission VEGF levels less than 45 pg/ml had 8.4-fold increase in mortality (odds ratio [OR] 8.4545, p=0.0488). Patients with TNFα levels greater than 1.40 pg/ml had a 4.1-fold increase in mortality (OR 4.1, p=0.04) Conclusion Our study demonstrated that low levels (<45 pg/ml) of VEGF were associated with an 8.4-fold increase in mortality, supporting the neuroprotective effect of this protein. Elevated Hcy and CAR levels were associated with an increase in hemorrhage size in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhages. TNFα levels greater than 1.40 pg/ml were associated with a 4.1-fold increase in mortality, and this together with CAR being correlated with increased hemorrhage size and ICH score further demonstrate the inflammatory consequences after intracerebral hemorrhage. Future studies directed at lowering CRP, TNFα, and Hcy and/or increasing VEGF in intracerebral hemorrhage patients are needed and may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Bernstein
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Jonathan D Browne
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Paras Savla
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - James Wiginton
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Tye Patchana
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, USA
| | | | - Jason Duong
- Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, USA
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Simats A, Ramiro L, García-Berrocoso T, Briansó F, Gonzalo R, Martín L, Sabé A, Gill N, Penalba A, Colomé N, Sánchez A, Canals F, Bustamante A, Rosell A, Montaner J. A Mouse Brain-based Multi-omics Integrative Approach Reveals Potential Blood Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1921-1936. [PMID: 32868372 PMCID: PMC7710142 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite continuous advances, the identification of key molecular signatures in the hyper-acute phase of ischemic stroke is still a primary interest for translational research on stroke diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Data integration from high-throughput -omics techniques has become crucial to unraveling key interactions among different molecular elements in complex biological contexts, such as ischemic stroke. Thus, we used advanced data integration methods for a multi-level joint analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data sets obtained from mouse brains at 2 h after cerebral ischemia. By modeling net-like correlation structures, we identified an integrated network of genes and proteins that are differentially expressed at a very early stage after stroke. We validated 10 of these deregulated elements in acute stroke, and changes in their expression pattern over time after cerebral ischemia were described. Of these, CLDN20, GADD45G, RGS2, BAG5, and CTNND2 were next evaluated as blood biomarkers of cerebral ischemia in mice and human blood samples, which were obtained from stroke patients and patients presenting stroke-mimicking conditions. Our findings indicate that CTNND2 levels in blood might potentially be useful for distinguishing ischemic strokes from stroke-mimicking conditions in the hyper-acute phase of the disease. Furthermore, circulating GADD45G content within the first 6 h after stroke could also play a key role in predicting poor outcomes in stroke patients. For the first time, we have used an integrative biostatistical approach to elucidate key molecules in the initial stages of stroke pathophysiology and highlight new notable molecules that might be further considered as blood biomarkers of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ramiro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Briansó
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Dept., Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gonzalo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luna Martín
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sabé
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Gill
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Penalba
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Colomé
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Dept., Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Crigna AT, Samec M, Koklesova L, Liskova A, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Cell-free nucleic acid patterns in disease prediction and monitoring-hype or hope? EPMA J 2020; 11:603-627. [PMID: 33144898 PMCID: PMC7594983 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of cell-free nucleic acids (CFNAs) as clinical non-invasive biomarker panels for prediction and prevention of multiple diseases has greatly increased over the last decade. Indeed, circulating CFNAs are attributable to many physiological and pathological processes such as imbalanced stress conditions, physical activities, extensive apoptosis of different origin, systemic hypoxic-ischemic events and tumour progression, amongst others. This article highlights the involvement of circulating CFNAs in local and systemic processes dealing with the question, whether specific patterns of CFNAs in blood, their detection, quantity and quality (such as their methylation status) might be instrumental to predict a disease development/progression and could be further utilised for accompanying diagnostics, targeted prevention, creation of individualised therapy algorithms, therapy monitoring and prognosis. Presented considerations conform with principles of 3P medicine and serve for improving individual outcomes and cost efficacy of medical services provided to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Pletsch-Borba L, Grafetstätter M, Hüsing A, Johnson T, González Maldonado S, Groß ML, Kloss M, Hoffmeister M, Bugert P, Kaaks R, Kühn T. Vascular injury biomarkers and stroke risk. Neurology 2020; 94:e2337-e2345. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveBecause little is known about associations between biomarkers of vascular injury and stroke risk, we evaluated associations between plasma concentrations of 6 novel biomarkers of vascular injury and stroke risk in a population-based study.MethodsA case–cohort subset of EPIC-Heidelberg (European Prospective Investigation for Cancer and Nutrition–Heidelberg) including incident stroke cases (n = 335) and a random subcohort (n = 2,418) was selected. Concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3), soluble E-selectin and P-selectin, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), thrombopoietin, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa were measured in baseline plasma samples. Weighted Cox regression analyses were used to assess associations between biomarker levels and stroke risk.ResultsMedian follow-up in the subcohort and among cases was 9.8 (range, 0.1–12.5) years and 6.2 (range, 0.01–12.1) years, respectively. ICAM3 levels were associated with increased risk of incident stroke after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, highest vs lowest quartile: 1.64 [95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.32]; plinear trend < 0.001). This association was more apparent for ischemic (1.65 [1.12–2.45]; plinear trend < 0.01) than for hemorrhagic stroke (1.29 [0.60–2.78]; plinear trend = 0.3). We further observed a borderline significant trend for a positive association between sTM and overall stroke risk (1.47 [0.99–2.19]; plinear trend = 0.05).ConclusionsIn this population-based study, circulating levels of ICAM3, an adhesion molecule shed by leukocytes, were associated with increased risk of incident stroke. Further mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying this association.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that plasma levels of ICAM3 are associated with increased stroke risk.
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14
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Prognostic Value of NT-proBNP After Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104659. [PMID: 32067852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have evaluated the relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its prognostic value in ischemic stroke. However, a widespread consensus has not been reached. Therefore, we completed a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic significance of NT-proBNP for mortality and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed a systematic search and review using the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify literature that reported a correlation between NT-proBNP and mortality and functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. RESULTS Eleven studies inclusive of 10,498 patients met the inclusion criteria. Elevated plasma NT-proBNP levels were associated with increased risk of mortality in ischemic stroke patients (all-cause mortality: odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-3.64, P < .001, I2=74.3%; cardiovascular mortality: OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.55-2.61, P < .001, I2 = 42.6%). In addition, unfavorable functional outcomes were observed in patients with higher levels of NT-proBNP (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.13-2.50, P = .01, I2 = 90.8%) after ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that NT-proBNP could be a predictor of mortality and functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients.
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15
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Ramsay L, Quillé ML, Orset C, de la Grange P, Rousselet E, Férec C, Le Gac G, Génin E, Timsit S. Blood transcriptomic biomarker as a surrogate of ischemic brain gene expression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1681-1695. [PMID: 31400065 PMCID: PMC6764628 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Blood biomarkers for cerebral tissue ischemia are lacking. The goal was to identify a blood transcriptomic signature jointly identified in the ischemic brain. Methods A nonhuman primate model with middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction was used to study gene expression by microarray during acute ischemic cerebral stroke in the brain and the blood. Brain samples were collected in the infarcted and contralateral non‐infarcted cortex as well as blood samples before and after occlusion. Gene expression was compared between the two brain locations to find differentially expressed genes. The expressions of these genes were then compared in the blood pre‐ and post‐occlusion. Results Hierarchical clustering of brain expression data revealed strong independent clustering of ischemic and nonischemic brain samples. The top five enriched, up‐regulated gene sets in the brain were TNF α signaling, apoptosis, P53 pathway, hypoxia, and UV response up. A comparison of differentially expressed genes in the brain and blood revealed a significant overlap of gene expression patterns. Stringent analysis of blood expression data from pre‐ and post‐occlusion samples in each monkey identified nine genes highly differentially expressed in both the brain and the blood. Many of these up‐regulated genes belong to pathways involved in cell death and DNA damage repair. Interpretation Common gene expression profile can be identified in the brain and blood and clearly differentiates ischemic from nonischemic conditions. Therefore, specific blood transcriptomic signature may represent a surrogate for brain ischemic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn Ramsay
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Lise Quillé
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, University Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | - Estelle Rousselet
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Claude Férec
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Gérald Le Gac
- Inserm U1078, Université Bretagne Loire Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire et Histocompatibilité, CHRU de Brest, Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Emmanuelle Génin
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Serge Timsit
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France.,Neurology and Stroke Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Brest, France.,Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Brest, France
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Otero‐Ortega L, Gutiérrez‐Fernández M, Gutiérrez‐Zúñiga R, Madero‐Jarabo R, Alonso de Leciñana M, Laso‐García F, Lisbona A, Delgado‐Mederos R, Gállego‐Culleré J, Martínez‐Zabaleta M, Freijo M, Portilla JC, Gil‐Núñez A, Díez‐Tejedor E, Fuentes B. The effect of post‐stroke hyperglycaemia on the levels of brain damage and repair‐related circulating biomarkers: the Glycaemia in Acute Stroke Study
II. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1439-1446. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Otero‐Ortega
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - M. Gutiérrez‐Fernández
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - R. Gutiérrez‐Zúñiga
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - R. Madero‐Jarabo
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - M. Alonso de Leciñana
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital Alcalá de Henares University Madrid Spain
| | - F. Laso‐García
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - A. Lisbona
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - R. Delgado‐Mederos
- Santa Creu I Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona BarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Gil‐Núñez
- Gregorio Marañón University Hospital Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - E. Díez‐Tejedor
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - B. Fuentes
- La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Health Research Institute Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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M Tulantched DS, Min Z, Feng WX. Comparison of plasma PARK7 and NDKA diagnostic value in acute stroke. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO375. [PMID: 31245039 PMCID: PMC6554690 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In this prospective case-control study we aimed to compare diagnostic value of plasma PARK7 and NDKA in early diagnosis of acute stroke and evaluate the validated diagnostic values of PARK7 and NDKA in an independent patient cohort. We then assessed the quantitative relationship between the release of these markers: stroke severity and time. Blood samples were drawn upon hospital admission and 14 days later. PARK7 and NDKA concentrations were measured using an ELISA. RESULTS The expression of PARK7 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.897) in acute stroke patients was more significant than in controls, relative to the NDKA expression (AUC = 0.462); p < 0.05. Their expressions were not related to the clinical characteristics of both groups; p > 0.05. CONCLUSION Even though both markers cannot differentiate stroke etiologies (ischemic or hemorrhagic), plasma PARK7 has better diagnostic value than NDKA for early diagnosis of stroke. 72 plasma samples obtained from acute stroke patients and 78 plasma samples collected from non-stroke patients were analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhao Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Wang-Xiao Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
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18
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Pang X, Zhou X, Su S, Chen C, Wei Z, Tao Y, Liu J. Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Ischemic Penumbra by iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1900009. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Min Pang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Sheng‐You Su
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Chun‐Yong Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiao Wei
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Yi‐Feng Tao
- Department of LaboratoryThe Affiliated Tumor HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Jing‐Li Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
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19
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Lucchese G, Flöel A, Stahl B. Cross-Reactivity as a Mechanism Linking Infections to Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 31156531 PMCID: PMC6528689 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of infections as risk factor for cerebrovascular disease is being increasingly recognized. Nonetheless, the pathogenic link between the two entities remains poorly understood. Consistent with recent advances in medicine, the present work addresses the hypothesis that infection-induced immune responses may affect human proteins associated with stroke. Applying established procedures in bioinformatics, the pathogen antigens and the human proteins were searched for common sequences using pentapeptides as probes. The resulting data demonstrate massive peptide sharing between infectious pathogens-such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Tannerella forsythia, Haemophilus influenzae, Influenza A virus, and Cytomegalovirus-and human proteins related to risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Moreover, the shared peptides are also evident in a number of epitopes experimentally proven immunopositive in the human host. The present findings suggest cross-reactivity as a potential mechanistic link between infections and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stahl
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Sun M, Hou X, Ren G, Zhang Y, Cheng H. Dynamic changes in miR-124 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:649-653. [PMID: 30124350 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1513931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in serum miR-124 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and elucidate the underlying mechanism by a dynamic monitor. METHODS Fifty-four patients with ACI and 51 healthy controls were included in our study. Baseline characteristics and blood samples were collected for further analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the serum miR-124 levels. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the effect of miR-124 on iASPP, a protein that inhibits apoptosis stimulating proteins in the p53 family. RESULTS Compared with normal controls, the miR-124 levels in the ACI group rapidly decreased at phase 1 (within 24 h after ischemia) (p < 0.001) and then gradually increased at phase 2 (48 ∼ 72 h after ischemia) (p < 0.001) and phase 3 (the 7th day after ischemia) (p < 0.001). The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-124 down-regulates iASPP expression in 293T cells. CONCLUSION The miR-124 levels are down-regulated in ACI patients. The dynamic changes of miR-124 might provide a possible method for the detection of ischemic stroke. Highlights The difference in miR-124 expression levels between ACI patients and normal controls. Dynamic changes of miR-124 expression levels in ACI patients. The down-regulation of miR-124 upon iASPP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- a Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoxia Hou
- a Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Neurology , Suzhou Municipal Hospital , Suzhou , China
| | - Guang Ren
- c Department of Radiology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- d Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Hong Cheng
- a Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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21
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Comparison of plasma PARK7 and NDKA diagnostic value in acute stroke. Future Sci OA 2019. [DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Exploring the potential value of miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p as biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181033. [PMID: 30361294 PMCID: PMC6259016 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the main cause of death in the world. Here, we explored whether circulating serum miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p could be as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke. Seventy-seven IS patients and forty-two healthy controls matched for age and sex were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples were drawn from IS patients within the 24 h. The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman. The ability to distinguish patients from healthy controls was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The expression of circulating serum miR-148b-3p was significantly decreased, whereas miR-151b and miR-27b-3p were elevated significantly compared with controls. ROC analysis showed area under the ROC curve (AUC) of miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p to be 0.6647, 0.6852 and 0.6657, respectively. While the AUC increased to 0.8103 for the combination of miR-148b-3p and miR-27b-3p. Blood miR-151b level was negatively correlated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and miR-27b-3p level was negatively correlated with IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, respectively. Our findings suggest that miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p may serve as blood-based biomarkers for diagnosing ischemic stroke patients, and the combination of miR-148b-3p and miR-27b-3p may be more powerful.
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23
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Bernstein JE, Savla P, Dong F, Zampella B, Wiginton JG, Miulli DE, Wacker MR, Menoni R. Inflammatory Markers and Severity of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cureus 2018; 10:e3529. [PMID: 30613458 PMCID: PMC6314395 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The pathogenesis of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is thought to be due to mechanical damage followed by ischemic, cytotoxic, and inflammatory changes in the underlying and surrounding tissue.In recent years, there has been a greater research interest into the various inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors that are secreted during intracerebral hemorrhage. The biomarkers investigated in this study are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of these biomarkers in predicting the acute severity outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with spontaneous ICH with TNF alpha, CRP, VEGF, and Hcy levels drawn on admission. Forty-two patients with spontaneous ICH with at least one of the above labs were included in the study. Primary outcomes included death, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, early neurologic decline (END), and hemorrhage size. Secondary outcomes included GCS on discharge, ICH score, functional outcome risk stratification scale of intracerebral hemorrhage (FUNC score), change in hemorrhage size, need for surgical intervention, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Results Forty-two patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were analyzed, 12 patients (28.5%) required surgical intervention, and four patients (9.5%) died. Only low VEGF serum values were found to predict mortality. TNF alpha, CRP, Hcy, and VEGF levels in our patients with ICH were not found to predict early neurologic decline and were not correlated with GCS on admission, initial hemorrhage size, change in hemorrhage size, need for surgical intervention, ICH score, FUNC score, midline shift, and length of ICU stay. CRP and Hcy were elevated in 58% and 31% of patients tested, respectively. GCS on admission and ICH score were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion After careful statistical review of the data obtained from this patient population, only low VEGF values were found to be a significant predictor of mortality. However, elevated CRP and Hcy levels were associated with a non-significant trend in hemorrhage size and mortality suggesting that CRP and Hcy-lowering therapies may decrease hemorrhagic stroke risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Bernstein
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Paras Savla
- Osteopathy, College of Osteopathic Medicine - Touro University, Vallejo, USA
| | - Fanglong Dong
- Clinical Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Bailey Zampella
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - James G Wiginton
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Margaret R Wacker
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Rosalinda Menoni
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
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Long-Zhi Decoction Medicated Serum Promotes Angiogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Based on Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6857398. [PMID: 29853968 PMCID: PMC5964498 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6857398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a fatal subtype of stroke that lacks effective treatments. Angiogenesis following IS is an effective response that mediates brain recovery and repair. Our previous study demonstrated that long-zhi decoction (LZD), a Chinese herbal formula, promoted angiogenesis in rats of IS model. To further investigate the association between the proangiogenic mechanism of an LZD-medicated serum and cellular autophagy, we evaluated its promotional effect on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. We used HUVECs subjected to H2O2 to induce injury and observed the effects of the LZD-medicated serum treatment. Cell-based assays included proliferation, migration, and tube formation. To assess the extent of autophagy, transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the number of autophagosomes. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the autophagy-related protein of LC3-II and Beclin-1. The LZD-medicated serum promoted proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HUVECs. The LZD-medicated serum also increased the autophagosomes and the autophagic protein expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1. The proangiogenic and autophagic activity of LZD provides new cogitations to its clinical application and may lead to potential drug development for treating various vascular diseases, especially in the elderly, in the future.
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Makris K, Haliassos A, Chondrogianni M, Tsivgoulis G. Blood biomarkers in ischemic stroke: potential role and challenges in clinical practice and research. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55:294-328. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1461190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Chondrogianni
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Glebova KV, Veiko NN, Nikonov AA, Porokhovnik LN, Kostuyk SV. Cell-free DNA as a biomarker in stroke: Current status, problems and perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55:55-70. [PMID: 29303618 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1420032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no proposed stroke biomarker with consistent application in clinical practice. A number of studies have examined cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which circulates in biological fluids during stroke, as a potential biomarker of this disease. The data available suggest that dynamically-determined levels of blood cfDNA may provide new prognostic information for assessment of stroke severity and outcome. However, such an approach has its own difficulties and limitations. This review covers the potential role of cfDNA as a biomarker in stroke, and includes evidence from both animal models and clinical studies, protocols used to analyze cfDNA, and hypotheses on the origin of cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Glebova
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Natalya N Veiko
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Aleksey A Nikonov
- b Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics , Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Lev N Porokhovnik
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Svetlana V Kostuyk
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics" , Moscow , Russia
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Ruivo S, Azevedo AM, Prazeres DM. Colorimetric detection of D-dimer in a paper-based immunodetection device. Anal Biochem 2017; 538:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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García-Berrocoso T, Llombart V, Colàs-Campàs L, Hainard A, Licker V, Penalba A, Ramiro L, Simats A, Bustamante A, Martínez-Saez E, Canals F, Sanchez JC, Montaner J. Single Cell Immuno-Laser Microdissection Coupled to Label-Free Proteomics to Reveal the Proteotypes of Human Brain Cells After Ischemia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:175-189. [PMID: 29133510 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia entails rapid tissue damage in the affected brain area causing devastating neurological dysfunction. How each component of the neurovascular unit contributes or responds to the ischemic insult in the context of the human brain has not been solved yet. Thus, the analysis of the proteome is a straightforward approach to unraveling these cell proteotypes. In this study, post-mortem brain slices from ischemic stroke patients were obtained corresponding to infarcted (IC) and contralateral (CL) areas. By means of laser microdissection, neurons and blood brain barrier structures (BBB) were isolated and analyzed using label-free quantification. MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003519. Ninety proteins were identified only in neurons, 260 proteins only in the BBB and 261 proteins in both cell types. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that repair processes, mainly related to synaptic plasticity, are outlined in microdissected neurons, with nonexclusive important functions found in the BBB. A total of 30 proteins showing p < 0.05 and fold-change> 2 between IC and CL areas were considered meaningful in this study: 13 in neurons, 14 in the BBB and 3 in both cell types. Twelve of these proteins were selected as candidates and analyzed by immunohistofluorescence in independent brains. The MS findings were completely verified for neuronal SAHH2 and SRSF1 whereas the presence in both cell types of GABT and EAA2 was only validated in neurons. In addition, SAHH2 showed its potential as a prognostic biomarker of neurological improvement when analyzed early in the plasma of ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, the quantitative proteomes of neurons and the BBB (or proteotypes) after human brain ischemia presented here contribute to increasing the knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of ischemic stroke pathology and highlight new proteins that might represent putative biomarkers of brain ischemia or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa García-Berrocoso
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Llombart
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Colàs-Campàs
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Hainard
- §Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of medicine, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Licker
- ¶Neuroproteomics Group, Human protein sciences department, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Penalba
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ramiro
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Simats
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Saez
- ‖Neuropathology, Pathology department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- **Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- ‡‡Translational biomarker group, Human protein sciences department, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joan Montaner
- From the ‡Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;
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Loubinoux I, Brihmat N, Castel-Lacanal E, Marque P. Cerebral imaging of post-stroke plasticity and tissue repair. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:577-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Liu T, Liu H, Feng L, Xiao B. Kinin B1 receptor as a novel, prognostic progression biomarker for carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8930-8936. [PMID: 28990089 PMCID: PMC5779976 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke caused by atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, associated with carotid plaque rupture and inflammation progression. However, the inflammatory biomarkers which aid in predicting the future course of plaques are less detailed. The present study investigated the association between plaque vulnerable and inflammatory biomarkers using blood and plaque specimens. Carotid plaque specimens were obtained from 80 patients following stroke, 14 patients suffering from transient ischaemic attack and 17 asymptomatic patients that underwent carotid endarterectomy. To assess changes in plaque characteristics at histological levels, plaques were categorized by the time between the latest ischemic stroke and surgical intervention within 30, 30‑90, 90‑180 and over 180 days following stroke. Serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑10 and kinin B1 receptor (B1R) were measured by ELISA. Histological assessment of plaque was used to evaluate the plaque stability, progression and the inflammatory biomarker levels. Comparisons of histological characteristics demonstrated that plaques revealed an unstable phenotype following stroke within 30, 30‑90 days and then remodeled into more stable plaques following stroke at 90‑180 and over 180 days. By comparing the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, it was observed that IL‑6 and B1R levels tended to decline whereas IL‑10 levels increased in stroke patients from <30 days to over 180 days. Immunohistochemical analysis of IL‑6, IL‑10 and B1R demonstrated similar alterations in serum levels. Correlation analyses revealed that only B1R serum level was significantly correlated with histological level in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The findings revealed that serum B1R levels may provide prognostic information and currently act as potential indicators for progression in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hengfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Saeidi M, Shakeri R, Marjani A, Khajeniazi S. Alzheimer's Disease and Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1) Gene Polymorphisms. Open Biochem J 2017; 11:47-55. [PMID: 28694880 PMCID: PMC5481621 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01711010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have indicated that human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity shows a polymorphic distribution. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of PON1 polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease in Gorgan and compare it with a healthy control group. METHOD The study included 100 healthy individuals and 50 patients. Enzyme activity and genetic polymorphism of PON1 were determined. RESULT There were significant differences in distribution of genotypes and alleles among patients and control group. The most common genotype was CT in patients and control group, while the most frequent alleles were T and C in patients and controls, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation between serum PON1 activity and -108C> T polymorphism. The highest PON1 enzyme activities in the patients and controls were found in CC, while lower enzyme activities were seen in CT and TT genotypes in both genders and age groups. CONCLUSION Onset of Alzheimer's disease may depend on different polymorphisms of the PON1 enzyme. Late or early-onset of Alzheimer's disease may also depend on age and gender distribution, especially for arylesterase enzyme. Further studies on polymorphism of the enzyme are necessary for interpretation of possible polymorphic effects of enzyme on PON1 activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Raheleh Shakeri
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Safoura Khajeniazi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
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Machine-learning approach identifies a pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood that can accurately detect ischaemic stroke. NPJ Genom Med 2016; 1:16038. [PMID: 29263821 PMCID: PMC5685316 DOI: 10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of stroke improves the probability of positive outcome. The objective of this study was to identify a pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood that could potentially be optimised to expedite the diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). A discovery cohort was recruited consisting of 39 AIS patients and 24 neurologically asymptomatic controls. Peripheral blood was sampled at emergency department admission, and genome-wide expression profiling was performed via microarray. A machine-learning technique known as genetic algorithm k-nearest neighbours (GA/kNN) was then used to identify a pattern of gene expression that could optimally discriminate between groups. This pattern of expression was then assessed via qRT-PCR in an independent validation cohort, where it was evaluated for its ability to discriminate between an additional 39 AIS patients and 30 neurologically asymptomatic controls, as well as 20 acute stroke mimics. GA/kNN identified 10 genes (ANTXR2, STK3, PDK4, CD163, MAL, GRAP, ID3, CTSZ, KIF1B and PLXDC2) whose coordinate pattern of expression was able to identify 98.4% of discovery cohort subjects correctly (97.4% sensitive, 100% specific). In the validation cohort, the expression levels of the same 10 genes were able to identify 95.6% of subjects correctly when comparing AIS patients to asymptomatic controls (92.3% sensitive, 100% specific), and 94.9% of subjects correctly when comparing AIS patients with stroke mimics (97.4% sensitive, 90.0% specific). The transcriptional pattern identified in this study shows strong diagnostic potential, and warrants further evaluation to determine its true clinical efficacy.
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Sak S, Agacayak E, Tunc SY, Icen MS, Findik FM, Sak ME, Yalinkaya A, Gul T. Amniotic fluid paraoxonase-1 activity, thyroid hormone concentration and oxidant status in neural tube defects. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1080-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Sak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Harran University; Sanliurfa Turkey
| | - Elif Agacayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Senem Yaman Tunc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sait Icen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Findik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Muhammet Erdal Sak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yalinkaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Talip Gul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Dicle University, School of Medicine; Diyarbakir Turkey
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Maestrini I, Ducroquet A, Moulin S, Leys D, Cordonnier C, Bordet R. Blood biomarkers in the early stage of cerebral ischemia. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:198-219. [PMID: 26988891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke patients, blood-based biomarkers may be applied for the diagnosis of ischemic origin and subtype, prediction of outcomes and targeted treatment in selected patients. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia has led to the evaluation of proteins, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids and lipids as potential biomarkers. The present report focuses on the role of blood-based biomarkers in the early stage of ischemic stroke-within 72h of its onset-as gleaned from studies published in English in such patients. Despite growing interest in their potential role in clinical practice, the application of biomarkers for the management of cerebral ischemia is not currently recommended by guidelines. However, there are some promising clinical biomarkers, as well as the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) peptide and NMDA-receptor (R) autoantibodies that appear to identify the ischemic nature of stroke, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) that might be able to discriminate between acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Moreover, genomics and proteomics allow the characterization of differences in gene expression, and protein and metabolite production, in ischemic stroke patients compared with controls and, thus, may help to identify novel markers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Additional studies to validate promising biomarkers and to identify novel biomarkers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Maestrini
- Inserm U 1171, Department of Neurology, University of Lille, UDSL, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Ducroquet
- Inserm U 1171, Department of Neurology, University of Lille, UDSL, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - S Moulin
- Inserm U 1171, Department of Neurology, University of Lille, UDSL, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D Leys
- Inserm U 1171, Department of Neurology, University of Lille, UDSL, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - C Cordonnier
- Inserm U 1171, Department of Neurology, University of Lille, UDSL, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - R Bordet
- Inserm U 1171, Department of Neurology, University of Lille, UDSL, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Cereda CW, George PM, Inoue M, Vora N, Olivot JM, Schwartz N, Lansberg MG, Kemp S, Mlynash M, Albers GW. Inter-rater agreement analysis of the Precise Diagnostic Score for suspected transient ischemic attack. Int J Stroke 2015; 11:85-92. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493015607507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background No definitive criteria are available to confirm the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack. Inter-rater agreement between physicians regarding the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack is low, even among vascular neurologists. We developed the Precise Diagnostic Score, a diagnostic score that consists of discrete and well-defined clinical and imaging parameters, and investigated inter-rater agreement in patients with suspected transient ischemic attack. Methods Fellowship-trained vascular neurologists, blinded to final diagnosis, independently reviewed retrospectively identical history, physical examination, routine diagnostic studies, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion and perfusion images) from consecutive patients with suspected transient ischemic attack. Each patient was rated using the 8-point Precise Diagnostic Score score, composed of a clinical score (0–4 points) and an imaging score (0–4 points). The composite Precise Diagnostic Score determines a Precise Diagnostic Score Likelihood of Brain Ischemia Scale: 0–1 = unlikely, 2 = possible, 3 = probable, 4–8 = very likely. Results Three raters reviewed data from 114 patients. Using Precise Diagnostic Score, all three raters scored a similar percentage of the clinical events as being “probable” or “very likely” caused by brain ischemia: 57, 55, and 58%. Agreement was high for both total Precise Diagnostic Score (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94) and for the Likelihood of Brain Ischemia Scale (agreement coefficient of 0.84). Conclusions Compared with prior studies, inter-rater agreement for the diagnosis of transient brain ischemia appears substantially improved with the Precise Diagnostic Score scoring system. This score is the first to include specific criteria to assess the clinical relevance of diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion lesions and supports the added value of magnetic resonance imaging for assessing patients with suspected transient ischemic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo W Cereda
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Stroke Center, Neurocentre (EOC) of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Manabu Inoue
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Nirali Vora
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Olivot
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, France
| | - Neil Schwartz
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Maarten G Lansberg
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Stephanie Kemp
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Michael Mlynash
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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Bank IEM, Timmers L, Gijsberts CM, Zhang YN, Mosterd A, Wang JW, Chan MY, De Hoog V, Lim SK, Sze SK, Lam CSP, De Kleijn DPV. The diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1577-88. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Serum Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and their Ratio in Acute Ischemic Stroke: on the Trail of a Biomarker? J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:102-8. [PMID: 26423306 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fast diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of utmost importance to improving the outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A rapid and sensitive blood test for ischemic stroke is required. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) as diagnostic biomarkers in AIS. Serum levels of PHE and TYR, measured using HPLC, and their ratio (PHE/TYR) were compared between 45 patients with AIS and 40 healthy control subjects. The relationship between PHE/TYR and the serum levels of several cytokines were also examined. PHE/TYR was significantly higher in AIS patients than in healthy controls (1.75 vs 1.24, p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of PHE/TYR in AIS patients relative to healthy controls revealed promising sensitivity and specificity, which at an optimal cutoff of 1.45 were 76 and 85 %, respectively. PHE/TYR was positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.37, p = 0.011) and IL-6 (r = 0.33, p = 0.025). This study shows that PHE/TYR is highly elevated in the acute phase of AIS, and that this elevation is coupled to the inflammatory response. The ROC analysis documents the possible value of PHE/TYR as a biomarker for AIS and demonstrates its clinical potential as a blood-based test for AIS.
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Bunevicius A, Iervasi G, Bunevicius R. Neuroprotective actions of thyroid hormones and low-T3 syndrome as a biomarker in acute cerebrovascular disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:315-26. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1013465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bunevicius A, Kazlauskas H, Raskauskiene N, Mickuviene N, Ndreu R, Corsano E, Bunevicius R. Role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and inteleukin-6 in predicting a poor outcome after a stroke. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:365-72. [PMID: 25967464 DOI: 10.1159/000381218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations can be important biomarkers in the acute stroke setting. In acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients, we investigated the association of NT-proBNP, hsCRP, and IL-6 serum concentrations with stroke severity and functional and cognitive outcomes at discharge. METHODS Seventy-eight patients (53 men; median age 72 years) admitted with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 48 h of symptom onset were evaluated for clinical stroke severity (Scandinavian stroke scale; SSS), functional status before the stroke (modified Rankin scale; mRS), and cerebrovascular disease risk factors. Cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination) and functional (mRS) outcomes were evaluated at hospital discharge. Blood samples were drawn for the assessment of NT-proBNP, hsCRP, and IL-6 concentrations within 24 h of admission. RESULTS Greater NT-proBNP and hsCRP serum concentrations were associated with greater clinical stroke severity, adjusting for the patients' gender, age, stroke type, mRS score on admission, and presence of heart failure (β = -0.292, p = 0.012; β = -0.303, p = 0.009). In multivariate adjusted regression models with IL-6, hsCRP, and NT-proBNP considered together, IL-6 and hsCRP remained associated with worse functional (β = 0.210, p = 0.022) and cognitive (β = -0.269, p = 0.014) outcomes at discharge, respectively. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the investigated blood biomarkers produced a minimal increase in predictive values for outcomes at discharge above the SSS score, age, and gender. CONCLUSIONS In acute stroke patients, greater NT-proBNP and hsCRP serum concentrations are independently associated with greater clinical stroke severity. Elevated concentrations of IL-6 and hsCRP are associated with worse functional and cognitive outcomes at discharge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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DeGracia DJ, Tri Anggraini F, Taha DTM, Huang ZF. Inductive and Deductive Approaches to Acute Cell Injury. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:859341. [PMID: 27437490 PMCID: PMC4897055 DOI: 10.1155/2014/859341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many clinically relevant forms of acute injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and myocardial infarction, have resisted treatments to prevent cell death following injury. The clinical failures can be linked to the currently used inductive models based on biological specifics of the injury system. Here we contrast the application of inductive and deductive models of acute cell injury. Using brain ischemia as a case study, we discuss limitations in inductive inferences, including the inability to unambiguously assign cell death causality and the lack of a systematic quantitative framework. These limitations follow from an overemphasis on qualitative molecular pathways specific to the injured system. Our recently developed nonlinear dynamical theory of cell injury provides a generic, systematic approach to cell injury in which attractor states and system parameters are used to quantitatively characterize acute injury systems. The theoretical, empirical, and therapeutic implications of shifting to a deductive framework are discussed. We illustrate how a deductive mathematical framework offers tangible advantages over qualitative inductive models for the development of therapeutics of acutely injured biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. DeGracia
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 4116 Scott Hall, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fika Tri Anggraini
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 4116 Scott Hall, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Zhi-Feng Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Abstract
Paroxonase 1 displays multiple physiological activities that position it as a putative player in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Here we reviewed the literature focusing on the role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a factor in the risk of stroke and the major neurodegenerative diseases. PON1 activity is reduced in stroke patients, which significantly correlates inversely with carotid and cerebral atherosclerosis. The presence of the R allele of the Q192R PON1 polymorphism seems to potentiate this risk for stroke. PON1 exerts peroxidase activities that may be important in neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress. PON1 is also a key detoxifier of organophosphates and organophosphate exposure has been linked to the development of neurological disorders in which acetylcholine plays a significant role. In Parkinson's disease most of the studies suggest no participation of either L55M or the Q192R polymorphisms in its pathogenesis. However, many studies suggest that the MM55 PON1 genotype is associated with a higher risk for Parkinson's disease in individuals exposed to organophosphates. In Alzheimer's disease most studies have failed to find any association between PON1 polymorphisms and the development of the disease. Some studies show that PON1 activity is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, suggesting a possible protective role of PON1. No links between PON1 polymorphisms or activity have been found in other neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PON1 is a potential player in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. More research is warranted to ascertain the precise pathogenic links and the prognostic value of its measurement in neurological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Menini
- Department of Basic SciencesTouro University-California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- GlycationOxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University-California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Waldman SA, Terzic A. Translational medicine individualizes healthcare discovery, development and delivery. Biomark Med 2013; 7:1-3. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Waldman
- Jefferson Institute for Individualized Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases & Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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