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Włodarczyk M, Ciebiera M, Nowicka G, Łoziński T, Ali M, Al-Hendy A. Epigallocatechin Gallate for the Treatment of Benign and Malignant Gynecological Diseases-Focus on Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38398883 PMCID: PMC10893337 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant gynecologic diseases are cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Among them, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. A great number of women suffer from endometriosis, uterine fibroids (UFs), adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which are widespread benign health problems causing troublesome and painful symptoms and significantly impairing the quality of life of affected women, and they are some of the main causes of infertility. In addition to the available surgical and pharmacological options, the effects of supporting standard treatment with naturally occurring compounds, mainly polyphenols, are being studied. Catechins are responsible for the majority of potential health benefits attributed to green tea consumption. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is considered a non-toxic, natural compound with potential anticancer properties. Antioxidant action is its most common function, but attention is also drawn to its participation in cell division inhibition, apoptosis stimulation and epigenetic regulation. In this narrative review, we describe the role of EGCG consumption in preventing the development of benign reproductive disorders such as UF, endometriosis, and PCOS, as well as malignant gynecologic conditions. We discuss possible epigenetic mechanisms that may be related to the action of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland;
- Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
- Development and Research Center of Non-Invasive Therapies, Pro-Familia Hospital, 35-302 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Łoziński
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pro-Familia Hospital, 35-302 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
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Vitale S, Palumbo E, Polesel J, Hebert JR, Shivappa N, Montagnese C, Porciello G, Calabrese I, Luongo A, Prete M, Pica R, Grimaldi M, Crispo A, Esindi N, Falzone L, Mattioli V, Martinuzzo V, Poletto L, Cubisino S, Dainotta P, De Laurentiis M, Pacilio C, Rinaldo M, Thomas G, D'Aiuto M, Serraino D, Massarut S, Ferraù F, Rossello R, Catalano F, Banna GL, Messina F, Gatti D, Riccardi G, Libra M, Celentano E, Jenkins DJA, Augustin LSA. One-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet reduced the dietary inflammatory index in women with breast cancer: a role for the dietary glycemic index. Food Funct 2023; 14:1560-1572. [PMID: 36655860 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: the Mediterranean diet, the low dietary glycemic index (GI) and the dietary inflammation index (DII®) have been associated with lower risk of breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality. Objective: to investigate whether one-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet, with or without low-GI carbohydrates counselling, may influence the DII in women with BC. Methods: data were obtained from participants of DEDiCa trial randomized to a Mediterranean diet (MD, n = 112) or a Mediterranean diet with low-GI carbohydrates (MDLGI, n = 111). The diet-derived DII and GI were calculated from 7-day food records while Mediterranean diet adherence from PREDIMED questionnaire. Differences between study arms were evaluated through Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test and associations with multivariable regression analyses. Results: Mediterranean diet adherence significantly increased by 15% in MD and 20% in MDLGI with no difference between arms (p < 0.326). Dietary GI significantly decreased from 55.5 to 52.4 in MD and 55.1 to 47.6 in MDLGI with significant difference between arms (p < 0.001). DII significantly decreased by 28% in MD and 49% in MDLGI with no difference between arms (p < 0.360). Adjusting for energy intake (E-DII) did not change the results. Higher Mediterranean diet adherence and lower dietary GI independently contributed to DII lowering (β-coefficient -0.203, p < 0.001; 0.046, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: DII and E-DII scores decreased significantly after one-year with 4 nutrition counselling sessions on the Mediterranean diet and low GI. Increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low GI independently contributed to the DII changes. These results are relevant given that lowering the inflammatory potential of the diet may have implications in cancer prognosis and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Elvira Palumbo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Porciello
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Healtcare Direction, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Luongo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Melania Prete
- Division of Radiotherapy, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale - IRCCS di Napoli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Pica
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Esindi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Veronica Mattioli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Valentina Martinuzzo
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Luigina Poletto
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Serena Cubisino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dainotta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Pacilio
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Chirurgia Oncologica del Seno - Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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Arora I, Li S, Crowley MR, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Genome-Wide Analysis on Transcriptome and Methylome in Prevention of Mammary Tumor Induced by Early Life Combined Botanicals. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010014. [PMID: 36611809 PMCID: PMC9818885 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. The consumption of natural dietary components such as broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenols (GTPs) has demonstrated exciting potential in reducing the risk of BC through the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. However, little is known about their impacts on reversing epigenomic aberrations that are centrally involved in the initiation and progression of BC. Previously, we have determined the efficacy of combined BSp and GTPs treatment on the inhibition of the growth of a mammary tumor in a transgenic Her2/neu mouse model. We sought to extend our previous study to identify universal biomarkers that represent common mechanistic changes among different mouse models in response to this dietary regime by including a new transgenic mouse model, C3(1)-SV40 TAg (SV40). As a result, we identified novel target genes that were differentially expressed and methylated in response to dietary botanicals when administered singly (BSp and GTPs) and in combination (BSp + GTPs) in both mouse models. We discovered more differentially expressed and methylated genes in the combination treatment group compared to the singly administered groups. Subsequently, several biological pathways related to epigenetic regulations were identified in response to the combination treatment. Furthermore, when compared to the BSp and GTPs treatment alone, the combinatorial treatment showed a more significant impact on the regulation of the epigenetic modifier activities involved in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Our study provides key insights about the impact of the combined administration of BSp and GTPs on BC using a multi-omics analysis, suggesting a combinatorial approach is more efficacious in preventing and inhibiting BC by impacting key tumor-related genes at transcriptomic and methylomic levels. Our findings could be further extrapolated as a comprehensive source for understanding the epigenetic modifications that are associated with the effects of these dietary botanicals on BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.O.T.)
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.O.T.)
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Hung SW, Li Y, Chen X, Chu KO, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Man GCW, Wang CC. Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Regulates Autophagy in Male and Female Reproductive Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906746. [PMID: 35860020 PMCID: PMC9289441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rich abundance of natural polyphenols, green tea has become one of the most popular and healthiest nonalcoholic beverages being consumed worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the predominant catechin found in green tea, which has been shown to promote numerous health benefits, including metabolic regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Clinical studies have also shown the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cancers of the male and female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, breast, testicular, and prostate cancers. Autophagy is a natural, self-degradation process that serves important functions in both tumor suppression and tumor cell survival. Naturally derived products have the potential to be an effective and safe alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis during tumor development. Although EGCG has been shown to play a critical role in the suppression of multiple cancers, its role as autophagy modulator in cancers of the male and female reproductive system remains to be fully discussed. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EGCG in targeting autophagy and its related signaling mechanism in reproductive cancers. Effects of EGCG on regulating autophagy toward reproductive cancers as a single therapy or cotreatment with other chemotherapies will be reviewed and compared. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms and crosstalk of EGCG between autophagy and other cellular processes, such as reactive oxidative stress, ER stress, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, will be summarized. The present review will help to shed light on the significance of green tea as a potential therapeutic treatment for reproductive cancers through regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wan Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Chi-Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
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Izquierdo-Torres E, Hernández-Oliveras A, Lozano-Arriaga D, Zarain-Herzberg Á. Obesity, the other pandemic: linking diet and carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109092. [PMID: 35718098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and cancer are complex medical conditions that are considered public health problems. The influence of obesity on the predisposition to develop various types of cancer has been observed in a wide variety of studies. Due to their importance as public health problems, and the close relationship between both conditions, it is important to be able to understand and associate them mechanistically. In this review article, we intend to go a little further, by finding relationships between lifestyle, which can lead a person to develop obesity, and how it influences at the cellular and molecular level, affecting gene expression to favor signaling pathways or transcriptional programs involved in cancer. We describe how products of metabolism and intermediate metabolism can affect chromatin structure, participating in the regulation (or dysregulation) of gene expression, and we show an analysis of genes that are responsive to diets high in sugar and fat, and how their epigenetic landscape is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Izquierdo-Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Andrés Hernández-Oliveras
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Dalia Lozano-Arriaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángel Zarain-Herzberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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An integrated analysis of the effects of maternal broccoli sprouts exposure on transcriptome and methylome in prevention of offspring mammary cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264858. [PMID: 35263365 PMCID: PMC8906608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts (BSp), a cruciferous vegetable, has shown promising effects on prevention of many types of cancer including breast cancer (BC). BC has a developmental foundation, and maternal nutrition status may influence an offspring’s risk to BC later in life. What is less understood, however, is the influence of maternal nutrition intervention on reversing epigenomic abnormalities that are essential in BC programming during early development. Our research focused on how maternal exposure to BSp diet prevents offspring BC and investigation of possible epigenetic mechanisms during these processes. Our results showed that maternal feeding of BSp can prevent mammary tumor development in the offspring of a transgenic mouse model. Through comprehensive integrated multi-omics studies on transcriptomic and methylomic analysis, we identified numerous target genes exhibiting significantly differential gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in the offspring mammary tumor. We discovered that maternal exposure to BSp diet can induce both gene and methylation changes in several key genes such as Avpr2, Cyp4a12b, Dpp6, Gria2, Pcdh9 and Tspan11 that are correlated with pivotal biological functions during carcinogenesis. In addition, we found an impact of maternal BSp treatment on DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylases activity. Our study provides knowledgeable information regarding how maternal BSp diet influences key tumor-related gene expression and the epigenetic changes using a genome-wide perspective. Additionally, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the effectiveness of maternal BSp administration on the prevention of BC in the offspring later in life, which may lead to an early-life BC chemopreventive strategy that benefits the progenies’ long-term health.
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Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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8
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Jiang W, Xia T, Liu C, Li J, Zhang W, Sun C. Remodeling the Epigenetic Landscape of Cancer-Application Potential of Flavonoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705903. [PMID: 34235089 PMCID: PMC8255972 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA regulation, are physiological regulatory changes that affect gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence. Although epigenetic disorders are considered a sign of cell carcinogenesis and malignant events that affect tumor progression and drug resistance, in view of the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, clinicians believe that associated mechanisms can be a key target for cancer prevention and treatment. In contrast, epidemiological and preclinical studies indicated that the epigenome is constantly reprogrammed by intake of natural organic compounds and the environment, suggesting the possibility of utilizing natural compounds to influence epigenetics in cancer therapy. Flavonoids, although not synthesized in the human body, can be consumed daily and are common in medicinal plants, vegetables, fruits, and tea. Recently, numerous reports provided evidence for the regulation of cancer epigenetics by flavonoids. Considering their origin in natural and food sources, few side effects, and remarkable biological activity, the epigenetic antitumor effects of flavonoids warrant further investigation. In this article, we summarized and analyzed the multi-dimensional epigenetic effects of all 6 subtypes of flavonoids (including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavanols, and anthocyanidin) in different cancer types. Additionally, our report also provides new insights and a promising direction for future research and development of flavonoids in tumor prevention and treatment via epigenetic modification, in order to realize their potential as cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Jiang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Systematic integrated analyses of methylomic and transcriptomic impacts of early combined botanicals on estrogen receptor-negative mammary cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9481. [PMID: 33947955 PMCID: PMC8096837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary botanicals such as the cruciferous vegetable broccoli sprouts (BSp) as well as green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have shown exciting potential in preventing or delaying breast cancer (BC). However, little is known about their impact on epigenomic aberrations that are centrally involved in the initiation and progression of estrogen receptor-negative [ER(−)] BC. We have investigated the efficacy of combined BSp and GTPs diets on mammary tumor inhibition in transgenic Her2/neu mice that were administered the diets from prepubescence until adulthood. Herein, we present an integrated DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses for defining the early-life epigenetic impacts of combined BSp and GTPs on mammary tumors and our results indicate that a combinatorial administration of BSp and GTPs have a stronger impact at both transcriptome and methylome levels in comparison to BSp or GTPs administered alone. We also demonstrated a streamlined approach by performing an extensive preprocessing, quality assessment and downstream analyses on the genomic dataset. Our identification of differentially methylated regions in response to dietary botanicals administered during early-life will allow us to identify key genes and facilitate implementation of the subsequent downstream functional analyses on a genomic scale and various epigenetic modifications that are crucial in preventing ER(−) mammary cancer. Furthermore, our realtime PCR results were also found to be consistent with our genome-wide analysis results. These results could be exploited as a comprehensive resource for understanding understudied genes and their associated epigenetic modifications in response to these dietary botanicals.
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10
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Sharma M, Arora I, Stoll ML, Li Y, Morrow CD, Barnes S, Berryhill TF, Li S, Tollefsbol TO. Nutritional combinatorial impact on the gut microbiota and plasma short-chain fatty acids levels in the prevention of mammary cancer in Her2/neu estrogen receptor-negative transgenic mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234893. [PMID: 33382695 PMCID: PMC7774855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Various nutritional compounds possess anti-carcinogenic properties which may be mediated through their effects on the gut microbiota and its production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) for the prevention of breast cancer. We evaluated the impact of broccoli sprouts (BSp), green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and their combination on the gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism from the microbiota in Her2/neu transgenic mice that spontaneously develop estrogen receptor-negative [ER(-)] mammary tumors. The mice were grouped based on the dietary treatment: control, BSp, GTPs or their combination from beginning in early life (BE) or life-long from conception (LC). We found that the combination group showed the strongest inhibiting effect on tumor growth volume and a significant increase in tumor latency. BSp treatment was integrally more efficacious than the GTPs group when compared to the control group. There was similar clustering of microbiota of BSp-fed mice with combination-fed mice, and GTPs-fed mice with control-fed mice at pre-tumor in the BE group and at pre-tumor and post-tumor in the LC group. The mice on all dietary treatment groups incurred a significant increase of Adlercreutzia, Lactobacillus genus and Lachnospiraceae, S24-7 family in the both BE and LC groups. We found no change in SCFAs levels in the plasma of BSp-fed, GTPs-fed and combination-fed mice of the BE group. Marked changes were observed in the mice of the LC group consisting of significant increases in propionate and isobutyrate in GTPs-fed and combination-fed mice. These studies indicate that nutrients such as BSp and GTPs differentially affect the gut microbial composition in both the BE and LC groups and the key metabolites (SCFAs) levels in the LC group. The findings also suggest that temporal factors related to different time windows of consumption during the life-span can have a promising influence on the gut microbial composition, SCFAs profiles and ER(-) breast cancer prevention.
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MESH Headings
- Actinobacteria/drug effects
- Actinobacteria/isolation & purification
- Actinobacteria/physiology
- Animals
- Brassica/chemistry
- Clostridiales/drug effects
- Clostridiales/isolation & purification
- Clostridiales/physiology
- Diet/methods
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/blood
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
- Gene Expression
- Lactobacillus/drug effects
- Lactobacillus/isolation & purification
- Lactobacillus/physiology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Polyphenols/chemistry
- Polyphenols/pharmacology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/deficiency
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/deficiency
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Seedlings/chemistry
- Tea/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Matthew L Stoll
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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11
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Mondal P, Natesh J, Penta D, Meeran SM. Progress and promises of epigenetic drugs and epigenetic diets in cancer prevention and therapy: A clinical update. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:503-522. [PMID: 33309850 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable yet reversible, essential for normal physiological functions and biological development. Aberrant epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated gene regulation play a crucial role in cancer progression. In cellular reprogramming, irregular epigenomic modulations alter cell signaling pathways and the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, resulting in cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, alteration of epigenetic-status in cancer cells can be used as a potential target for cancer therapy. Several synthetic epigenetic inhibitors (epi-drugs) and natural epigenetic modulatory bioactives (epi-diets) have been shown to have the potential to alter the aberrant epigenetic status and inhibit cancer progression. Further, the use of combinatorial approaches with epigenetic drugs and diets has brought promising outcomes in cancer prevention and therapy. In this article, we have summarized the epigenetic modulatory activities of epi-drugs, epi-diets, and their combination against various cancers. We have also compiled the preclinical and clinical status of these epigenetic modulators in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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12
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Li S, Wu H, Tollefsbol TO. Combined Broccoli Sprouts and Green Tea Polyphenols Contribute to the Prevention of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Mammary Cancer via Cell Cycle Arrest and Inducing Apoptosis in HER2/neu Mice. J Nutr 2020; 151:73-84. [PMID: 33188406 PMCID: PMC7779229 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in the regulation of cell proliferation perturb cellular homeostasis and lead to malignancies in which dysregulation of the cell cycle and suppressed apoptosis are 2 common phenomena. Combinatorial nutritional approaches could be efficacious in ameliorating these aberrations. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the effect of dietary broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenol (GTP) administration on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in mammary tumors. METHODS Forty female HER2/neu transgenic mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with control, 26% BSp (wt:wt) in food, 0.5% GTPs (wt:vol) in drinking water, or combined BSp and GTPs from dams' conception until their pups were killed at 29 wk of age. Pups' tumor growth was monitored weekly for 27 wk. Tumor cell cycle- and apoptosis-related protein expression was measured. Data were analyzed with 2-factor or 3-factor (repeated-measures) ANOVA. RESULTS Compared with the control group, BSp and/or GTPs decreased tumor incidence (P < 0.05) and combined BSp and GTPs synergistically [combination index (CIn) < 1] reduced tumor volume over time (P-time < 0.01). BSp and/or GTPs upregulated the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog, P16, and P53 (P < 0.05) and downregulated myelocytomatosis oncogene, Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Combined BSp and GTPs synergistically (CIn < 1) downregulated the expression of cyclin B1, D1, and E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1, 2, and 4 (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Moreover, combined BSp and GTPs induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2-associated X protein and B-cell lymphoma 2 (P < 0.05). BSp and/or GTPs also reduced the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1, 3A, and 3B and histone deacetylase 1 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, lifelong BSp and GTP administration can prevent estrogen receptor-negative mammary tumorigenesis through cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis in HER2/neu mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Ullah MF, Usmani S, Shah A, Abuduhier FM. Dietary molecules and experimental evidence of epigenetic influence in cancer chemoprevention: An insight. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:319-334. [PMID: 33152485 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The world-wide rate of incidence of cancer disease has been only modestly contested by the past and current preventive and interventional strategies. Hence, the global effort towards novel ideas to contain the disease still continues. Constituents of human diets have in recent years emerged as key regulators of carcinogenesis, with studies reporting their inhibitory potential against all the three stages vis-a-vis initiation, promotion and progression. Unlike drugs which usually act on single targets, these dietary factors have an advantage of multi-targeted effects and pleiotropic action mechanisms, which are effective against cancer that manifest as a micro-evolutionary and multi-factorial disease. Since most of the cellular targets have been identified and their consumption considered relatively safe, these diet-derived agents often appear as molecules of interest in repurposing strategies. Currently, many of these molecules are being investigated for their ability to influence the aberrant alterations in cell's epigenome for epigenetic therapy against cancer. Targeting the epigenetic regulators is a new paradigm in cancer chemoprevention which acts to reverse the warped-up epigenetic alterations in a cancer cell, thereby directing it towards a normal phenotype. In this review, we discuss the significance of dietary factors and natural products as chemopreventive agents. Further, we corroborate the experimental evidence from existing literature, reflecting the ability of a series of such molecules to act as epigenetic modifiers in cancer cells, by interfering with molecular events that map the epigenetic imprints such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and non-coding RNA mediated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fahad Ullah
- Prince Fahad Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shazia Usmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Aaliya Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, SKIMS Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Faisel M Abuduhier
- Prince Fahad Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Busato B, de Almeida Abreu EC, de Oliveira Petkowicz CL, Martinez GR, Rodrigues Noleto G. Pectin from Brassica oleracea var. italica triggers immunomodulating effects in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:431-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Chen J, Yang R, Li H, Lao J. Green Tea Polyphenols Promote Functional Recovery from Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923806. [PMID: 32851993 PMCID: PMC7476353 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common and progressive disorder with sensory and motor deficits in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Treatment is difficult, with unfavorable prognosis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exert neuroprotective effects on regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the effects of GTPs on functional recovery of the PNS have not been fully characterized. Consequently, the present study investigated the effects of GTPs on nerve regeneration of rats with PNI. Material/Methods The model of PNI was established in rats by sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Adult male Wistar rats with SNI were randomly divided into a vehicle group and a GTPs group. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of rat sciatic nerves (SN) was measured using the CM6240 physiological signal acquisition and processing system. The wet weight of the triceps muscle was determined using an analytical balance. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was counted under an optical microscope. Ultrastructure of the regenerated nerves in SN was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neurofilament 200 (NF200), and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in SN stumps were measured by real-time quantification PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results In rats with SNI, GTPs relieved the adhesion between nerve anastomosis and surrounding tissues, and significantly increased nerve conduction velocity, wet weight of the triceps muscle, and development and axonal regeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Moreover, GTPs promoted the mRNA and protein expressions of NGF, GAP-43, NF200, and MAG in SN stumps. Conclusions GTPs promotes nerve regeneration in rats with SNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Rongyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Honghan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Lao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Affiliated Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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16
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Özyalçin B, Sanlier N. The effect of diet components on cancer with epigenetic mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Selvakumar P, Badgeley A, Murphy P, Anwar H, Sharma U, Lawrence K, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030761. [PMID: 32183060 PMCID: PMC7146477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid's anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.
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18
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Steed KL, Jordan HR, Tollefsbol TO. SAHA and EGCG Promote Apoptosis in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells, Possibly Through the Modulation of cIAP2. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:9-26. [PMID: 31892549 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Inhibition of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and anti-apoptotic genes are often targets of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2) has a role in degrading caspases by linking them to ubiquitin molecules, and is upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Previous studies have demonstrated that cIAP2 may play a role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was administered to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells alone or in combination with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor isolated from green tea. RESULTS The compounds were able to decrease the expression of cIAP2 while increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic caspase 7. There were also changes in histone modifications, suggesting a role of epigenetic mechanisms in these changes in expression of cIAP2. These changes resulted in an increase in apoptosis. SAHA and EGCG were also capable of limiting TNBC cell migration across a fibronectin (FN) matrix. CONCLUSION SAHA and EGCG reduce the metastatic potential of TNBC by inducing the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Steed
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Harrison R Jordan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
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Li S, Chen M, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:82. [PMID: 31097039 PMCID: PMC6524340 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome in those cells is undergoing dramatic elimination and reconstruction. Exposure to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, stress, pathogens, toxins, and even social behavior during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis has been shown to influence disease susceptibility in the offspring. Early-life epigenetic modifications, which determine the expression of genetic information stored in the genome, are viewed as one of the general mechanisms linking prenatal exposure and phenotypic changes later in life. From atmospheric pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals to heavy metals, research increasingly suggests that environmental pollutions have already produced significant consequences on human health. Moreover, mounting evidence now links such pollution to relevant modification in the epigenome. The epigenetics diet, referring to a class of bioactive dietary compounds such as isothiocyanates in broccoli, genistein in soybean, resveratrol in grape, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea, and ascorbic acid in fruits, has been shown to modify the epigenome leading to beneficial health outcomes. This review will primarily focus on the causes and consequences of prenatal environment pollution exposure on the epigenome, and the potential protective role of the epigenetics diet, which could play a central role in neutralizing epigenomic aberrations against environmental pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Sulforaphane - role in aging and neurodegeneration. GeroScience 2019; 41:655-670. [PMID: 30941620 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last several years, numerous molecules derived from plants and vegetables have been tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. One of them is sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables. SFN activates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses by inducing Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB. It also has an epigenetic effect by inhibiting HDAC and DNA methyltransferases and modifies mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, SFN preserves proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) by activating the proteasome, which has been shown to lead to increased cellular lifespan and prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe some of the molecular and physical characteristics of SFN, its mechanisms of action, and the effects that SFN treatment induces in order to discuss its relevance as a "miraculous" drug to prevent aging and neurodegeneration.
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Novel Clofarabine-Based Combinations with Polyphenols Epigenetically Reactivate Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta, Inhibit Cell Growth, and Induce Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123970. [PMID: 30544666 PMCID: PMC6321577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An epigenetic component, especially aberrant DNA methylation pattern, has been shown to be frequently involved in sporadic breast cancer development. A growing body of literature demonstrates that combination of agents, i.e. nucleoside analogues with dietary phytochemicals, may provide enhanced therapeutic effects in epigenetic reprogramming of cancer cells. Clofarabine (2-chloro-2′-fluoro-2′-deoxyarabinosyladenine, ClF), a second-generation 2′-deoxyadenosine analogue, has numerous anti-cancer effects, including potential capacity to regulate epigenetic processes. Our present study is the first to investigate the combinatorial effects of ClF (used at IC50 concentration) with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, tea catechin) or genistein (soy phytoestrogen), at physiological concentrations, on breast cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and epigenetic regulation of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) transcriptional activity. In MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, RARB promoter methylation and expression of RARB, modifiers of DNA methylation reaction (DNMT1, CDKN1A, TP53), and potential regulator of RARB transcription, PTEN, were estimated using methylation-sensitive restriction analysis (MSRA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. The combinatorial exposures synergistically or additively inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells, followed by RARB hypomethylation with concomitant multiple increase in RARB, PTEN, and CDKN1A transcript levels. Taken together, our results demonstrate the ability of ClF-based combinations with polyphenols to promote cancer cell death and reactivate DNA methylation-silenced tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer cells with different invasive potential.
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Gao Y, Tollefsbol TO. Combinational Proanthocyanidins and Resveratrol Synergistically Inhibit Human Breast Cancer Cells and Impact Epigenetic⁻Mediating Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082204. [PMID: 30060527 PMCID: PMC6121898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer among women in the United States (US). Cancer prevention and therapy through the use of phytochemicals that have epigenetic properties has gained considerable interest during the past few decades. Such dietary components include, but are not limited to, grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) and resveratrol (Res), both of which are present in red wine. In this study, we report for the first time the synergistic effects of GSPs and Res on inhibiting MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Our results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and clonogenic assays indicate that treatments with the combinations of GSPs and Res synergistically decreased cell viability and posttreatment cell proliferation in both cell lines. Additional analyses show that treatments with GSPs and Res in combination synergistically induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by upregulating Bax expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 expression. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity were greatly reduced in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after treatments with GSPs and Res in combination. Collectively, our findings suggest that GSPs and Res synergistically inhibit human breast cancer cells through inducing apoptosis, as well as modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Gao
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Li Y, Buckhaults P, Li S, Tollefsbol T. Temporal Efficacy of a Sulforaphane-Based Broccoli Sprout Diet in Prevention of Breast Cancer through Modulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:451-464. [PMID: 29764806 PMCID: PMC6072582 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. An important risk factor for breast cancer is individual genetic background, which is initially generated early in human life, for example, during the processes of embryogenesis and fetal development in utero Bioactive dietary components such as sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables including broccoli sprouts (BSp), cabbage, and kale, has been shown to reduce the risk of developing many common cancers through regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Our study indicates a prenatal/maternal BSp dietary treatment exhibited maximal preventive effects in inhibiting breast cancer development compared with postnatal early-life and adult BSp treatments in two transgenic mouse models that can develop breast cancer. Postnatal early-life BSp treatment starting prior to puberty onset showed protective effects in prevention of breast cancer but was not as effective as the prenatal/maternal BSp treatment. However, adulthood-administered BSp diet did not reduce mammary tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that the prenatal/maternal BSp bioactive natural plant product may impact early embryonic development by regulating global differential gene expression through affecting epigenetic profiles resulting in differential susceptibility to breast cancer later in life. These results suggest that a temporal exposure to epigenetic-modulating dietary components such as cruciferous vegetables could be a key factor for maximizing chemopreventive effects on human breast cancer. This study may lead to translational breast cancer chemopreventive potential by appropriate administration of key dietary components leading to early breast cancer prevention in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 451-64. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Trygve Tollefsbol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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24
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Fowler ME, Akinyemiju TF. Meta-analysis of the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer outcomes. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2215-2227. [PMID: 28795402 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory dietary patterns have been associated with increased cancer risk and mortality. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current published literature on a dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and its association with cancer risk and mortality outcomes. Published articles from online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) examining the association between DII and any cancer risk, incidence, or mortality between 1980 and November 2016 were selected for review. Results of studies meeting inclusion criteria were summarized and meta-analyzed using STATA to generate summary measures of association across studies. Sixty-three published articles were identified from the search, and following title, abstract and full-text review, twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. All articles calculated DII scores based on study-specific food-frequency questionnaires using methodology from the same article. Of the 24 included studies, 13 were case-control, 6 were prospective cohort, 1 was a retrospective cohort, 3 were RCTs, and 1 did not specify study design. The most common cancers examined were colorectal, breast, lung, and prostate. Individuals in the highest versus lowest DII categories had 25% increased risk of overall cancer incidence (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.16-1.35), 75% higher odds of cancer (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.43-2.16) and 67% increased risk of cancer mortality (RR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.13-2.48). Upon stratification for cancer type, positive associations remained (RRbreast : RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) (RRcolorectal : 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22-1.46) (RRlung : 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.50). There were consistent and significant positive associations between higher DII and cancer incidence and mortality across cancer types, study populations, and study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Fowler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tomi F Akinyemiju
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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25
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Li Y, Meeran SM, Tollefsbol TO. Combinatorial bioactive botanicals re-sensitize tamoxifen treatment in ER-negative breast cancer via epigenetic reactivation of ERα expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9345. [PMID: 28839265 PMCID: PMC5570897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer prevention has primarily focused on single chemopreventive compounds that may not be sufficiently efficacious. We sought to investigate potential combinatorial effects of epigenetic bioactive botanicals including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and sulforaphane (SFN) in broccoli sprouts (BSp) on neutralizing epigenetic aberrations in estrogen receptor-α (ERα) leading to enhanced anti-hormone therapeutic efficacy in ERα-negative breast cancer. Our results showed that this combinatorial treatment re-sensitized ERα-dependent cellular inhibitory responses to an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen (TAM), via at least in part, epigenetic reactivation of ERα expression in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. Further in vivo studies revealed the combinatorial diets of GTPs and BSp significantly inhibited breast tumor growth in ERα-negative mouse xenografts, especially when combined with TAM treatment. This novel treatment regimen can lead to remodeling of the chromatin structure by histone modifications and recruitment changes of transcriptional factor complex in the ERα promoter thereby contributing to ERα reactivation and re-sensitized chemotherapeutic efficacy of anti-hormone therapy. Our studies indicate that combinatorial bioactive botanicals from GTPs and BSp are highly effective in inhibiting ERα-negative breast cancer due at least in part to epigenetic reactivation of ERα, which in turn increases TAM-dependent anti-estrogen chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
| | - Syed M Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570019, India
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
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26
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Lewinska A, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Kwasniewicz E, Deregowska A, Wnuk M. Diosmin-induced senescence, apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells of different p53 status and ERK activity. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:117-130. [PMID: 27890807 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Relatively low bioavailability of plant-derived nutraceuticals with anticancer properties may limit their usefulness for prevention and therapy of cancer. In the present study, we have screened for nutraceuticals (n=30) that would act at low micromolar range against phenotypically distinct breast cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7 (ER+, PR+/-, HER2-), MDA-MB-231 (ER-, PR-, HER2-) and SK-BR-3 (ER-, PR-, HER2+), and diosmin, a citrus fruit flavonoid belonging to a flavone subclass, was selected. MCF-7 cell line was found to be the most sensitive to diosmin treatment. Diosmin caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, elevation in p53, p21 and p27 levels and stress-induced premature senescence when used at lower concentrations (5 and 10μM). Diosmin (20μM) also promoted apoptosis that was not observed in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Diosmin stimulated oxidative and nitrosative stress, DNA damage and changes in global DNA methylation patterns. The status of p53 (wild type versus mutant) and the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in a steady state, and diosmin-induced autophagy may reflect diverse response to diosmin treatment in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells, which in turn results in different cell fates. Taken together, diosmin that acts at low micromolar range against breast cancer cells may be considered as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewinska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Kwasniewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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