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Lau YT, Tan HS. Acinetobacter baumannii subunit vaccines: recent progress and challenges. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:434-449. [PMID: 37211625 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2215303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infection with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised individuals. With the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains that have rapidly gained resistance to most antibiotics, an extensive search for an effective A. baumannii vaccine is ongoing. Over the decade, many subunit vaccine candidates were identified using reverse vaccinology and in vivo animal studies for validation. Nineteen subunit vaccine candidates with a wide range of efficacy, from 14% to 100% preclinical survival rates, were included in this review. This article provides an updated review of several outer membrane proteins (Omp) that emerged as vaccine candidates with great potential, including OmpA, Omp34, Omp22 and BamA, based on their high conservancy, antigenicity, and immune protection against A. baumannii infection. However, there is still no licenced A. baumannii vaccine currently due to several practical issues that have yet to be resolved, such as inconsistencies between validation studies, antigen variability and insolubility. Moving forward, much investigation and innovation are still required to tackle these challenges for the regulatory approval of an A. baumannii subunit vaccine, including standardisation of immunisation study parameters, improving antigen solubility and the incorporation of nucleic acid vaccine technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Teng Lau
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Hock Siew Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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2
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Cavallo I, Sivori F, Mastrofrancesco A, Abril E, Pontone M, Di Domenico EG, Pimpinelli F. Bacterial Biofilm in Chronic Wounds and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:109. [PMID: 38392327 PMCID: PMC10886835 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Wound repair and skin regeneration is a very complex orchestrated process that is generally composed of four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase involves the activation of different cells and the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators affecting the immune response. The microbial skin composition plays an important role in wound healing. Indeed, skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epidermal barrier function, regulation of the host immune response, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. Chronic wounds are common and are considered a major public health problem due to their difficult-to-treat features and their frequent association with challenging chronic infections. These infections can be very tough to manage due to the ability of some bacteria to produce multicellular structures encapsulated into a matrix called biofilms. The bacterial species contained in the biofilm are often different, as is their capability to influence the healing of chronic wounds. Biofilms are, in fact, often tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and antiseptics, leading to the failure of treatment. For these reasons, biofilms impede appropriate treatment and, consequently, prolong the wound healing period. Hence, there is an urgent necessity to deepen the knowledge of the pathophysiology of delayed wound healing and to develop more effective therapeutic approaches able to restore tissue damage. This work covers the wound-healing process and the pathogenesis of chronic wounds infected by biofilm-forming pathogens. An overview of the strategies to counteract biofilm formation or to destroy existing biofilms is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sivori
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Elva Abril
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pontone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme: recent advances. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38228501 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2291339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole in hemoproteins, including: hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase, cytochrome c, and cytochrome P450, plays critical physiological roles in different organisms. Heme-derived chemicals, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and phycocyanobilin, are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have shown great potential in fighting viruses and diseases. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of hemoproteins and heme derivatives, which depends on the adequate heme supply in various microbial cell factories. The enhancement of endogenous biosynthesis and exogenous uptake can improve the intracellular heme supply, but the excess free heme is toxic to the cells. Therefore, based on the heme-responsive regulators, several sensitive biosensors were developed to fine-tune the intracellular levels of heme. In this review, recent advances in the: biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme were summarized to provide a solid foundation for the efficient production and application of high-value-added hemoproteins and heme derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Mansouri M, Sadeghpoor M, Jahangiri A, Ghaini MH, Rasooli I. Enhanced immunoprotection against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Synergistic effects of Bap and BauA in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2023; 262:18-26. [PMID: 37652189 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii poses a grave threat to hospital settings, resulting in increased mortality rates and garnering global attention. The formation of biofilms facilitated by biofilm-associated protein (Bap) and the iron absorption capabilities mediated by Baumannii acinetobactin utilization A (BauA) contribute to the persistence and survival of multidrug-resistant strains. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of disrupting the function of BauA and Bap simultaneously as a strategy for controlling A. baumannii. METHODS Recombinant Bap and BauA were expressed, purified, and subcutaneously administered individually and in combination to BALB/c mice. Subsequently, mice were intraperitoneally challenged with A. baumannii, and the bacterial load and tissue damage in the spleen, lung, and liver were assessed. Serum samples were evaluated to determine antibody titers in surviving mice. RESULTS Specific IgG antibodies were significantly increased. A combination of the antigens resulted in enhanced titer of specific IgGs in comparison to either BauA or Bap alone. The antibodies remained stable over a seven-month period. The combination of Bap and BauA exhibited superior immunoprotection against A. baumannii infection compared to individual administration, resulting in a further reduction in bacterial load in the liver, spleen, and lungs. The histopathological analysis demonstrated successful protection of the tissues against A. baumannii-induced damage upon administration of the two immunogens. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Bap and BauA has the potential to target a broader range of A. baumannii strains, including those expressing either Bap or BauA, thereby increasing its efficacy against a diverse array of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center and Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Mirali M, Jahangiri A, Jalali Nadoushan M, Rasooli I. A two-protein cocktail elicits a protective immune response against Acinetobacter baumannii in a murine infection model. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106262. [PMID: 37474079 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to its high drug resistance, Acinetobacter baumannii is a priority for new therapeutic measures like vaccines. In this study, the protectivity of a combination cocktail of Omp34 and BauA as a vaccine against A. baumannii was studied in a murine sepsis model. METHODS The antibody titers were raised to Omp34 and BauA in BALB/c mice and assessed by indirect ELISA. The immunized mice were challenged with A. baumannii ATCC 19606. The bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, and lungs were also determined. RESULTS A significant increase in survival of the immunized mice was noted. In active immunity, the survival rates in mice receiving Omp34 and BauA alone or in combination were 100%. A significant decrease in the bacterial load was observed in the spleens, livers, and lungs of vaccinated mice. Anti-BauA and anti-Omp34 sera crossly detected Omp34 and BauA respectively. The decrease in bacterial load in body organs of mice vaccinated with a combination of the two proteins was significantly higher than those of the single proteins in both actively and passively immunized mice. In passive immunity, the survival rate of mice receiving specific sera raised to the combination of these proteins was 85.7%. CONCLUSION Higher protection by a combination of Omp34 and BauA than Omp34 or BauA could be attributed to targeting simultaneously both surface antigens indicating the synergistic effect of Omp34 and BauA as suitable vaccine candidates in the prevention or treatment of A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Jalali Nadoushan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center and Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center and Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ramezanalizadeh F, Rasooli I, Owlia P, Darvish Alipour Astaneh S, Abdolhamidi R. Vaccination with a combination of planktonic and biofilm virulence factors confers protection against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19909. [PMID: 36402866 PMCID: PMC9675771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-drug resistant pathogen with the ability to switch between planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. Although there is no vaccine against A. baumannii infections, many attempts have been made to develop vaccines using planktonic or biofilm antigens. To cover the different phenotypes of A. baumannii during growth and attachment, we combined planktonic upregulated antigens of iron receptors with biofilm upregulated antigens of pilus rods and evaluated immune responses and protective efficacies of the combined vaccine using lethal and sub-lethal murine sepsis models. The results showed that the combined vaccine elicited high IgG antibody titers and conferred protection against lethal doses of two Carbapenem-resistant high adherent A. baumannii strains. Complete bacterial clearance from all the affected tissues of the mice challenged with A. baumannii was an excellent achievement with our quadrivalent immunogen. These results demonstrate both planktonic and biofilm antigens are important during antigen selection for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biology, Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran.
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Department of Biology, Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - Shakiba Darvish Alipour Astaneh
- Department of Biotechnology, Semnan University, Central Administration of Semnan University, Campus 1, P.O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Tamehri M, Rasooli I, Pishgahi M, Jahangiri A, Ramezanalizadeh F, Banisaeed Langroodi SR. Combination of BauA and OmpA elicit immunoprotection against Acinetobacter baumannii in a murine sepsis model. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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BauA and Omp34 surface loops trigger protective antibodies against Acinetobacter baumannii in a murine sepsis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hisyam Bin Ismail CMK, Raihan Mohammad Shabani N, Chuah C, Hassan Z, Bakar Abdul Majeed A, Herng Leow C, Kaur Banga Singh K, Yee Leow C. Shigella iron-binding proteins: An insight into molecular physiology, pathogenesis, and potential target vaccine development. Vaccine 2022; 40:3991-3998. [PMID: 35660036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Shigella is a well-known etiological agent responsible for intestinal infection among children, the elderly, and immunocompromised people ranging from mild to severe cases. Shigellosis remains endemic in Malaysia and yet there is no commercial vaccine available to eradicate the disease. Iron is an essential element for the survival of Shigella within the host. Hence, it is required for regulating metabolic mechanisms and virulence determinants. Alteration of iron status in the extracellular environment directly triggers the signal in enteropathogenic bacterial, providing information that they are in a hostile environment. To survive in an iron-limited environment, molecular regulation of iron-binding proteins plays a vital role in facilitating the transportation and utilization of sufficient iron sources. Given the importance of iron molecules for bacterial survival and pathogenicity, this review summarizes the physiological role of iron-binding proteins in bacterial survival and their potential use in vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Raihan Mohammad Shabani
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Candy Chuah
- Department of Medical and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Medical and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Law SKK, Tan HS. The Role of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Iron Acquisition as Key Virulence Mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii and the Corresponding Anti-virulence Strategies. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bateman TJ, Shah M, Ho TP, Shin HE, Pan C, Harris G, Fegan JE, Islam EA, Ahn SK, Hooda Y, Gray-Owen SD, Chen W, Moraes TF. A Slam-dependent hemophore contributes to heme acquisition in the bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6270. [PMID: 34725337 PMCID: PMC8560813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient acquisition systems are often crucial for pathogen growth and survival during infection, and represent attractive therapeutic targets. Here, we study the protein machinery required for heme uptake in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. We show that the hemO locus, which includes a gene encoding the heme-degrading enzyme, is required for high-affinity heme acquisition from hemoglobin and serum albumin. The hemO locus includes a gene coding for a heme scavenger (HphA), which is secreted by a Slam protein. Furthermore, heme uptake is dependent on a TonB-dependent receptor (HphR), which is important for survival and/or dissemination into the vasculature in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. Our results indicate that A. baumannii uses a two-component receptor system for the acquisition of heme from host heme reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bateman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megha Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Pham Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chuxi Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Greg Harris
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie E Fegan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Epshita A Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Kyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yogesh Hooda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Badmasti F, Habibi M, Firoozeh F, Fereshteh S, Bolourchi N, Goodarzi NN. The combination of CipA and PBP-7/8 proteins contribute to the survival of C57BL/6 mice from sepsis of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105063. [PMID: 34166729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, there is an urgent need to develop several new strategies to control this bacterium. In this context, vaccination may be the best approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with MDR isolates in vulnerable groups. Serum resistance factors have a key role in the pathogenesis of A. baumannii and can be considered as potential vaccine candidates. This project aimed to evaluate the immunological reactivity of CipA and PBP-7/8 as two serum resistance factors in a combination form against sepsis infections of A. baumannii. Recombinant proteins were obtained and immunological evaluations were performed against sepsis infection in the C57BL/6 mouse model. The data showed a statistically significant increase in total IgG levels in all three immunization regimens (CipA, PBP-7/8, and CipA + PBP-7/8) compared to the control group. The ratios of IgG2c/IgG1 in the CipA, PBP-7/8, and CipA + PBP-7/8 schedules were 8.7, 46.50, and 33.29, respectively. It appears that the immunization schedules developed a strong polarized Th1 response. The cytokine profiles of the three plans showed that IFN-γ was highly concentrated in the combination plan. However, the highest concentration of IL-17 belonged to the PBP-7/8 plan. In conclusion, the data of total IgG, survival rates and splenic bacterial loads showed that the CipA + PBP-7/8 plan was more effective than each protein individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran.
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Noori Goodarzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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