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Sarkar S, Roy A, Mitra R, Kundu S, Banerjee P, Acharya Chowdhury A, Ghosh S. Escaping the ESKAPE pathogens: A review on antibiofilm potential of nanoparticles. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106842. [PMID: 39117012 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
ESKAPE pathogens, a notorious consortium comprising Enterococcusfaecium, Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, pose formidable challenges in healthcare settings due to their multidrug-resistant nature. The increasing global cases of antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE pathogens are closely related to their remarkable ability to form biofilms. Thus, understanding the unique mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of ESKAPE pathogens and the innate resilience of biofilms against traditional antimicrobial agents is important for developing innovative strategies to establish effective control methods against them. This review offers a thorough analysis of biofilm dynamics, with a focus on the general mechanisms of biofilm formation, the significant contribution of persister cells in the resistance mechanisms, and the recurrence of biofilms in comparison to planktonic cells. Additionally, this review highlights the potential strategies of nanoparticles for managing biofilms in the ESKAPE group of pathogens. Nanoparticles, with their unique physicochemical properties, provide promising opportunities for disrupting biofilm structures and improving antimicrobial effectiveness. The review has explored interactions between nanoparticles and biofilms, covering a range of nanoparticle types such as metal, metal-oxide, surface-modified, and functionalized nanoparticles, along with organic nanoparticles and nanomaterials. The additional focus of this review also encompasses green synthesis techniques of nanoparticles that involve plant extract and supernatants from bacterial and fungal cultures as reducing agents. Furthermore, the use of nanocomposites and nano emulsions in biofilm management of ESKAPE is also discussed. To conclude, the review addresses the current obstacles and future outlooks in nanoparticle-based biofilm management, stressing the necessity for further research and development to fully exploit the potential of nanoparticles in addressing biofilm-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Roy
- Department of Biosciences, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rangan Mitra
- Department of Biosciences, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sweta Kundu
- Department of Biosciences, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Suparna Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences, JIS University, Kolkata, India.
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2
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Guo T, Yang L, Zhou N, Wang Z, Huan C, Zhou J, Lin T, Bao G, Hu J, Li G. Subminimum Inhibitory Concentrations Tetracycline Antibiotics Induce Biofilm Formation in Minocycline-Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia by Affecting Bacterial Physical and Chemical Properties and Associated Genes Expression. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2929-2938. [PMID: 38949961 PMCID: PMC11321339 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae can protect bacteria from antibiotics and is difficult to eradicate. Thus, the influence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on bacteria is becoming increasingly important. Our study showed that subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of tetracycline antibiotics can increase biofilm formation in minocycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains. However, in the bacterial adhesion and invasion experiments, the adhesion and invasion ability decreased and the survival rate of Galleria mellonella increased. Under sub-MICs of tetracycline antibiotics treatment, abnormal stretching of bacteria was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Treatment with sub-MICs of tetracyclines leads to increased surface hydrophobicity and eDNA content and decreased outer membrane permeability. The expression levels of the fimA, luxS, qseB, and qseC genes decreased, the expression level of mrkA increased, and the expression level of acrA was inconsistent under different tetracycline antibiotics treatments. Together, our results suggested that the increase in Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation caused by sub-MICs of tetracycline antibiotics may occur by affecting bacterial physical and chemical properties and associated genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- Department
of Microbiology, Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention
and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Department
of Microbiology, Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department
of Microbiology, Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department
of Microbiology, Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Changchao Huan
- Institute
of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Clinical
Medical College, Guangling College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 214200, China
| | - Guocai Li
- Department
of Microbiology, Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention
and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Monaci V, Gasperini G, Banci L, Micoli F, Cantini F. 1H, 13C and 15N assignment of self-complemented MrkA protein antigen from Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2024:10.1007/s12104-024-10185-3. [PMID: 39018011 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-024-10185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) poses an escalating threat to public health, particularly given its association with nosocomial infections and its emergence as a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Host cell adherence and biofilm formation of Kp is mediated by type 1 and type 3 fimbriae whose major fimbrial subunits are encoded by the fimA and mrkA genes, respectively. In this study, we focus on MrkA subunit, which is a 20 KDa protein whose 3D molecular structure remains elusive. We applied solution NMR to characterize a recombinant version of MrkA in which the donor strand segment situated at the protein's N-terminus is relocated to the C-terminus, preceded by a hexaglycine linker. This construct yields a self-complemented variant of MrkA. Remarkably, the self-complemented MrkA monomer loses its capacity to interact with other monomers and to extend into fimbriae structures. Here, we report the nearly complete assignment of the 13C,15N labelled self-complemented MrkA monomer. Furthermore, an examination of its internal mobility unveiled that relaxation parameters are predominantly uniform across the polypeptide sequence, except for the glycine-rich region within loop 176-181. These data pave the way to a comprehensive structural elucidation of the MrkA monomer and to structurally map the molecular interaction regions between MrkA and antigen-induced antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Monaci
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Cantini
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
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Fernández-Yáñez V, Ibaceta V, Torres A, Vidal RM, Schneider I, Schilling V, Toro C, Arellano C, Scavone P, Muñoz I, Del Canto F. Presence and Role of the Type 3 Fimbria in the Adherence Capacity of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1441. [PMID: 39065209 PMCID: PMC11279048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter hormaechei, one of the species within the Enterobacter cloacae complex, is a relevant agent of healthcare-associated infections. In addition, it has gained relevance because isolates have shown the capacity to resist several antibiotics, particularly carbapenems. However, knowledge regarding colonization and virulence mechanisms of E. hormaechei has not progressed to the same extent as other Enterobacteriaceae species as Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, we describe the presence and role of the type 3 fimbria, a chaperone-usher assembled fimbria, which was first described in Klebsiella spp., and which has been detected in other representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Eight Chilean E. cloacae isolates were examined, and among them, four E. hormaechei isolates were found to produce the type 3 fimbria. These isolates were identified as E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii, one of the five subspecies known. A mutant E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii strain lacking the mrkA gene, encoding the major structural subunit, displayed a significantly reduced adherence capacity to a plastic surface and to Caco-2 cells, compared to the wild-type strain. This phenotype of reduced adherence capacity was not observed in the mutant strains complemented with the mrkA gene under the control of an inducible promoter. Therefore, these data suggest a role of the type 3 fimbria in the adherence capacity of E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii. A screening in E. hormaechei genomes contained in the NCBI RefSeq Assembly database indicated that the overall presence of the type 3 fimbria is uncommon (5.94-7.37%), although genes encoding the structure were detected in representatives of the five E. hormaechei subspecies. Exploration of complete genomes indicates that, in most of the cases, the mrkABCDF locus, encoding the type 3 fimbria, is located in plasmids. Furthermore, sequence types currently found in healthcare-associated infections were found to harbor genes encoding the type 3 fimbria, mainly ST145, ST78, ST118, ST168, ST66, ST93, and ST171. Thus, although the type 3 fimbria is not widespread among the species, it might be a determinant of fitness for a subset of E. hormaechei representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fernández-Yáñez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Valentina Ibaceta
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alexia Torres
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Isidora Schneider
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Valeria Schilling
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Cecilia Toro
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Carolina Arellano
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Paola Scavone
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Muñoz
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Felipe Del Canto
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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5
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Zhang C, Wang C, Dai J, Xiu Z. The inhibition mechanism of co-cultured probiotics on biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae138. [PMID: 38857885 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial inflection, is known for its ability to form biofilm. The purpose of the current study is to assess how co- or mono-cultured probiotics affect K. pneumoniae's ability to produce biofilms and investigate the potential mechanisms by using a polyester nonwoven chemostat and a Caco-2 cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with pure cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus sake, the formation of K. pneumoniae biofilm was remarkably inhibited by the mixture of L. rhamnosus, L. sake, and Bacillus subtilis at a ratio of 5:5:1 by means of qPCR and FISH assays. In addition, Lactobacillus in combination with B. subtilis could considerably reduce the adherence of K. pneumoniae to Caco-2 cells by using inhibition, competition, and displacement assays. According to the RT-PCR assay, the adsorption of K. pneumoniae to Caco-2 cells was effectively inhibited by the co-cultured probiotics, leading to significant reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, the HPLC and RT-PCR analyses showed that the co-cultured probiotics were able to successfully prevent the expression of the biofilm-related genes of K. pneumoniae by secreting plenty of organic acids as well as the second signal molecule (c-di-GMP), resulting in inhibition on biofilm formation. CONCLUSION Co-culture of L. sake, L. rhamnosus, and B. subtilis at a ratio of 5:5:1 could exert an antagonistic effect on the colonization of pathogenic K. pneumoniae by down-regulating the expression of biofilm-related genes. At the same time, the co-cultured probiotics could effectively inhibit the adhesion of K. pneumoniae to Caco-2 cells and block the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolei Zhang
- Public Security Management Department, Liaoning Police College, Yingping Road 260, Dalian 116036, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianying Dai
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
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Mendes G, Santos ML, Ramalho JF, Duarte A, Caneiras C. Virulence factors in carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1325077. [PMID: 38098668 PMCID: PMC10720631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1325077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulence and carbapenem-resistant have emerged as two distinct evolutionary pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae, with both reaching their epidemic success and posing a great threat to public health. However, as the boundaries separating these two pathotypes fade, we assist a worrisome convergence in certain high-risk clones, causing hospital outbreaks and challenging every therapeutic option available. To better understand the basic biology of these pathogens, this review aimed to describe the virulence factors and their distribution worldwide among carbapenem-resistant highly virulent or hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strains, as well as to understand the interplay of these virulence strains with the carbapenemase produced and the sequence type of such strains. As we witness a shift in healthcare settings where carbapenem-resistant highly virulent or hypervirulent K. pneumoniae are beginning to emerge and replace classical K. pneumoniae strains, a better understanding of these strains is urgently needed for immediate and appropriate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mendes
- Microbiology Research Laboratory on Environmental Health, Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Santos
- Microbiology Research Laboratory on Environmental Health, Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João F. Ramalho
- Microbiology Research Laboratory on Environmental Health, Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aida Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Cátia Caneiras
- Microbiology Research Laboratory on Environmental Health, Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Almada, Portugal
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Fan Z, Fu T, Li Z, Du B, Cui X, Zhang R, Feng Y, Zhao H, Xue G, Cui J, Yan C, Gan L, Feng J, Xu Z, Yu Z, Tian Z, Ding Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Yuan J. The role of integration host factor in biofilm and virulence of high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0117023. [PMID: 37732783 PMCID: PMC10581059 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01170-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a well-known human nosocomial pathogen with an arsenal of virulence factors, including capsular polysaccharides (CPS), fimbriae, flagella, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Our previous study found that alcohol acted as an essential virulence factor for high-alcohol-producing K. pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn). Integration host factor (IHF) is a nucleoid-associated protein that functions as a global virulence regulator in Escherichia coli. However, the regulatory role of IHF in K. pneumoniae remains unknown. In the present study, we found that deletion of ihfA or ihfB resulted in a slight defect in bacterial growth, a severe absence of biofilm formation and cytotoxicity, and a significant reduction in alcohol production. RNA sequencing differential gene expression analysis showed that compared with the wild-type control, the expression of many virulence factor genes was downregulated in ΔihfA and ΔihfB strains, such as those related to CPS (rcsA, galF, wzi, and iscR), LPS (rfbABCD), type I and type III fimbriae (fim and mrk operon), cellulose (bcs operon), iron transporter (feoABC, fhuA, fhuF, tonB, exbB, and exbD), quorum sensing (lsr operon and sdiA), type II secretion system (T2SS) and type VI secretion system (T6SS) (tssG, hcp, and gspE). Of these virulence factors, CPS, LPS, fimbriae, and cellulose are involved in biofilm formation. In addition, IHF could affect the alcohol production by regulating genes related to glucose intake (ptsG), pyruvate formate-lyase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our data provided new insights into the importance of IHF in regulating the virulence of HiAlc Kpn. IMPORTANCE Klebsiella pneumoniae is a well-known human nosocomial pathogen that causes various infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, and liver abscesses. Our previous studies demonstrated that HiAlc Kpn mediated the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by producing excess endogenous alcohol in vivo. However, the regulators regulating the expression of genes related to metabolism, biofilm formation, and virulence of HiAlc Kpn remain unclear. In this study, the regulator IHF was found to positively regulate biofilm formation and many virulence factors including CPS, LPS, type I and type III fimbriae, cellulose, iron transporter, AI-2 quorum sensing, T2SS, and T6SS in HiAlc Kpn. Furthermore, IHF positively regulated alcohol production in HiAlc Kpn. Our results suggested that IHF could be a potential drug target for treating various infectious diseases caused by K. pneumoniae. Hence, the regulation of different virulence factors by IHF in K. pneumoniae requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Fu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhoufei Li
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Du
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohu Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Tian
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zanbo Ding
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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8
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Shebl RI, Elkhatib WF, Badawy MSEM. Modulating the transcriptomic profile of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation by antibiotics in combination with zinc sulfate. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:84. [PMID: 37700331 PMCID: PMC10498587 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant healthcare-associated pathogen. We investigated the antimicrobial interaction pattern between zinc sulfate and antibiotics against K. pneumoniae biofilm on the phenotypic and genotypic levels. METHODS Determining the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations and the transcriptomic profile of K. pneumoniae biofilm formation genes post-treatment were carried out to evaluate the effect on the phenotypic and genotypic levels, respectively. RESULTS Zinc enhanced the antibiofilm potentials of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and ertapenem, whereas it antagonizes the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones and meropenem on the phenotypic level. On the molecular level, zinc enhanced the anti-biofilm efficacies of cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime) via down-regulating the expression of biofilm-related genes by 18-, 38-, 5-, 77- and 2-folds, respectively. Zinc in combination with aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, and amikacin) reduced the expression of biofilm-related genes by 40-, 2602- and 20-folds, respectively, and by 2-folds in combination with ertapenem. However, a reduction in the down-regulatory potentials of fluoroquinolones was recorded following combination with zinc by 2-, 2-, 15- and 14-folds, respectively, and an up-regulation in the expression levels of the tested genes by 2-folds in the case of zinc/meropenem combination. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed variable interaction patterns between different antibiotics in combination with zinc. Current findings also shed light on the antibiofilm potentials of zinc/antibiotics combinations especially when combining zinc with fluoroquinolones or meropenem to avoid their antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania I Shebl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October City, 4th Industrial Zone, Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Mona Shaban E M Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), El-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Li Y, Ni M. Regulation of biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1238482. [PMID: 37744914 PMCID: PMC10513181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for a variety of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a major public health issue owing to the rapid global spread of extensively-drug resistant (XDR) and hypervirulent strains. Biofilm formation is an important virulence trait of K. pneumoniae. A biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms attached to an inert or living surface by a self-produced exo-polymeric matrix that includes proteins, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA. Bacteria within the biofilm are shielded from antibiotics treatments and host immune responses, making it more difficult to eradicate K. pneumoniae-induced infection. However, the detailed mechanisms of biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae are still not clear. Here, we review the factors involved in the biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae, which might provide new clues to address this clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Ni
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Rohatgi A, Gupta P. Benzoic acid derivatives as potent antibiofilm agents against Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:190-197. [PMID: 37479559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is responsible for a significant proportion of human urinary tract infections, and its biofilm is a major virulence. One potential approach to controlling biofilm-associated infections is targeting the adhesin MrkD1P to disrupt biofilm formation. We employed Schrodinger's Maestro tool with the OPLS 2005 force field to dock compounds with the target protein. Two benzoic acid derivatives, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, had strong binding free energies (-55.57 and -18.68 kcal/mol) and were the most potent compounds. The in-vitro experiments were conducted to validate the in-silico results. The results showed that both compounds effectively inhibited biofilm formation at low concentrations (4 and 8 mg/mL, respectively) and had antibiofilm activity, restricting cell attachment. Both compounds demonstrated a strong biofilm inhibitory effect, with 97% and 89% reduction in biofilm by 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. These findings suggest that natural compounds can be a potential source of new drugs to combat biofilm-associated infections. The study highlights the potential of targeting adhesin MrkD1P as an effective approach to controlling biofilm-associated infections caused by K. pneumoniae. The results may have implications for the development of new therapies for biofilm-associated infections and pave the way for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rohatgi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India.
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11
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Zaki BM, Hussein AH, Hakim TA, Fayez MS, El-Shibiny A. Phages for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:207-239. [PMID: 37739556 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen involved in both hospital- and community-acquired infections. K. pneumoniae is associated with various infections, including pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and surgical wound infection. K. pneumoniae possesses serious virulence, biofilm formation ability, and severe resistance to many antibiotics especially hospital-acquired strains, due to excessive use in healthcare systems. This limits the available effective antibiotics that can be used for patients suffering from K. pneumoniae infections; therefore, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Bacteriophages (for short, phages) are prokaryotic viruses capable of infecting, replicating, and then lysing (lytic phages) the bacterial host. Phage therapy exhibited great potential for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections comprising K. pneumoniae. Hence, this chapter emphasizes and summarizes the research articles in the PubMed database from 1948 until the 15th of December 2022, addressing phage therapy against K. pneumoniae. The chapter provides an overview of K. pneumoniae phages covering different aspects, including phage isolation, different morphotypes of isolated phages, in vitro characterization, anti-biofilm activity, various therapeutic forms, in vivo research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Assmaa H Hussein
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Toka A Hakim
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Fayez
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt.
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12
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Phage Display-Derived Peptides and Antibodies for Bacterial Infectious Diseases Therapy and Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062621. [PMID: 36985593 PMCID: PMC10052323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant-bacteria is a serious public health threat, which prompts us to speed up the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Phage display technology has great potential to screen peptides or antibodies with high binding capacities for a wide range of targets. This property is significant in the rapid search for new antibacterial agents for the control of bacterial resistance. In this paper, we not only summarized the recent progress of phage display for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents, identification of action sites of bacterial target proteins, and rapid detection of different pathogens, but also discussed several problems of this technology that must be solved. Breakthrough in these problems may further promote the development and application of phage display technology in the biomedical field in the future.
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Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Cruz-Cruz C, Durán-Manuel EM, Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Cureño-Díaz MA, Castro-Escarpulli G, Lugo-Zamudio GE, Rojo-Gutiérrez MI, Razo-Blanco Hernández DM, López-Ornelas A, Bello-López JM. Disinfection efficacy of ozone on ESKAPE bacteria biofilms: Potential use in difficult-to-access medical devices. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:11-17. [PMID: 35483519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical devices can be reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria that may be involved in the acquisition of infections since bacteria with the ability to form biofilms that are difficult to eradicate, mainly in mechanical ventilators. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of O3 against biofilms of bacteria ESKAPE group through disinfection studies. METHODS The formation of biofilms of ESKAPE group bacteria was induced in vitro. O3 was injected at different exposure times at a constant dose of 600 mg/h. The recovery of surviving bacteria after O3 treatment was assessed by bacterial counts and biofilm disruption was analyzed. Finally, the viability and integrity of biofilms after O3 treatment was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS O3 showed bactericidal activity on biofilms from 12 min/7.68 ppm for A. baumannii and C. freundii. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus were killed after 15 min/9.60 ppm. Correlation analyses showed inversely proportional relationships between the variables "disruption versus O3". CLSM revealed that death was time-dependent of biofilms upon O3 exposure. Orthogonal plane analysis showed that bacteria located in the outer region of the biofilms were the ones that initially suffered damage from O3 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that this method could be an alternative for the disinfection in mechanical ventilators colonized by bacteria biofilm forming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clemente Cruz-Cruz
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Pérez Jorge G, Rodrigues dos Santos Goes IC, Gontijo MTP. Les misérables: a Parallel Between Antimicrobial Resistance and COVID-19 in Underdeveloped and Developing Countries. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2022; 24:175-186. [PMID: 36211535 PMCID: PMC9531231 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-022-00788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for more than 6.3 million deaths worldwide. During the pandemic, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has increased, contributing to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we aim to determine the spread and impact of antibiotic treatments in patients with COVID-19, focusing on underdeveloped and developing countries. Recent Findings Meta-analysis revealed that bacterial co-infections and secondary infections are relatively rare in COVID-19 patients, corresponding to less than 20% of hospitalized patients. Even so, most of these patients have received antibiotic treatments. Summary This review discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic could increase the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to currently available antibiotics. Initially, we discussed the spread and impact of multidrug resistance of ESKAPE pathogens associated with nosocomial infections and analyzed their risk of secondary infections in patients with COVID-19. Then we highlight three factors related to the spread of resistant bacteria during the current pandemic: overprescription of antibiotics followed by self-medication. Finally, we discussed the lack of availability of diagnostic tests to discriminate the etiologic agent of a disease. All these factors lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics and, therefore, to an increase in the prevalence of resistance, which can have devastating consequences shortly. The data compiled in this study underscore the importance of epidemiological surveillance of hospital isolates to provide new strategies for preventing and controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition, the bibliographic research also highlights the need for an improvement in antibiotic prescribing in the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Cra. 28 #5-267, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colômbia
| | - Isabella Carolina Rodrigues dos Santos Goes
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Marco Tulio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 10 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Shrestha R, Luterbach CL, Dai W, Komarow L, Earley M, Weston G, Herc E, Jacob JT, Salata R, Wong D, Anderson D, Rydell KB, Arias CA, Chen L, van Duin D. Characteristics of community-acquired carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2763-2771. [PMID: 36179278 PMCID: PMC9989732 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CA-CRE) are an important threat. METHODS In CRACKLE-2, we defined patients with CA-CRE as admitted from home, without pre-existing conditions, and a positive culture within 48 h of admission. Healthcare-associated CRE (HA-CRE) were those with the lowest likelihood of community acquisition, not admitted from home and cultured >48 h after admission. Specific genetic markers in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were evaluated through random forest modelling. RESULTS CA-CRE and HA-CRE were detected in 83 (10%) and 208 (26%) of 807 patients. No significant differences were observed in bacterial species or strain type distribution. K. pneumoniae (204/291, 70%) was the most common CRE species, of these 184/204 (90%) were carbapenemase producers (CPKP). The top three genetic markers in random forest models were kpi_SA15, fimE, and kpfC. Of these, kpi_SA15 (which encodes a chaperone/usher system) was positively associated (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.13-8.87, P = 0.026), and kpfC negatively associated (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.72, P = 0.015) with CA-CPKP. CONCLUSIONS Ten percent of CDC-defined CRE were CA. The true proportion of CA-CRE in hospitalized patients is likely lower as patients may have had unrecorded prior healthcare exposure. The kpi_SA15 operon was associated with the CA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Shrestha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney L Luterbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weixiao Dai
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Komarow
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Earley
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Weston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Erica Herc
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jesse T Jacob
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Salata
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Darren Wong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deverick Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirsten B Rydell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research at Houston Methodist Research Institute and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Riwu KHP, Effendi MH, Rantam FA, Khairullah AR, Widodo A. A review: Virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumonia as emerging infection on the food chain. Vet World 2022; 15:2172-2179. [PMID: 36341059 PMCID: PMC9631384 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2172-2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Health problems can be caused by consuming foods that have been processed in unsanitary conditions; hence, the study of the impact of contamination on food and its prevention has become critical. The disease caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in food is increasing significantly every year across the world. The main factors that are essential for the virulence of K. pneumoniae are lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide capsules. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae is capable of forming biofilms. Capsule polysaccharides, fimbriae types 1 and 3, are crucial virulence factors contributing to biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae. The food contamination by K. pneumoniae may not directly pose a public health risk; however, the presence of K. pneumoniae refers to unhygienic practices in food handling. This article aims to demonstrate that K. pneumoniae should be considered as a potential pathogen that spreads through the food chain and that necessary precautions should be taken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Doctoral Prgram in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Doctoral Prgram in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Widodo
- Doctoral Prgram in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Conserved FimK Truncation Coincides with Increased Expression of Type 3 Fimbriae and Cultured Bladder Epithelial Cell Association in Klebsiella quasipneumoniae. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0017222. [PMID: 36005809 PMCID: PMC9487511 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00172-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. commonly cause both uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) and recurrent UTI (rUTI). Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, a relatively newly defined species of Klebsiella, has been shown to be metabolically distinct from Klebsiella pneumoniae, but its type 1 and type 3 fimbriae have not been studied. K. pneumoniae uses both type 1 and type 3 fimbriae to attach to host epithelial cells. The type 1 fimbrial operon is well conserved between Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae apart from fimK, which is unique to Klebsiella spp. FimK contains an N-terminal DNA binding domain and a C-terminal phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain that has been hypothesized to cross-regulate type 3 fimbriae expression via modulation of cellular levels of cyclic di-GMP. Here, we find that a conserved premature stop codon in K. quasipneumoniae fimK results in truncation of the C-terminal PDE domain and that K quasipneumoniae strain KqPF9 cultured bladder epithelial cell association and invasion are dependent on type 3 but not type 1 fimbriae. Further, we show that basal expression of both type 1 and type 3 fimbrial operons as well as cultured bladder epithelial cell association is elevated in KqPF9 relative to uropathogenic K. pneumoniae TOP52. Finally, we show that complementation of KqPF9ΔfimK with the TOP52 fimK allele reduced type 3 fimbrial expression and cultured bladder epithelial cell attachment. Taken together these data suggest that the C-terminal PDE of FimK can modulate type 3 fimbrial expression in K. pneumoniae and its absence in K. quasipneumoniae may lead to a loss of type 3 fimbrial cross-regulation. IMPORTANCE K. quasipneumoniae is often indicated as the cause of opportunistic infections, including urinary tract infection, which affects >50% of women worldwide. However, the virulence factors of K. quasipneumoniae remain uninvestigated. Prior to this work, K. quasipneumoniae and K. pneumoniae had only been distinguished phenotypically by metabolic differences. This work contributes to the understanding of K. quasipneumoniae by evaluating the contribution of type 1 and type 3 fimbriae, which are critical colonization factors encoded by all Klebsiella spp., to K. quasipneumoniae bladder epithelial cell attachment in vitro. We observe clear differences in bladder epithelial cell attachment and regulation of type 3 fimbriae between uropathogenic K. pneumoniae and K. quasipneumoniae that coincide with a structural difference in the fimbrial regulatory gene fimK.
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Gual-de-Torrella A, Delgado-Valverde M, Pérez-Palacios P, Oteo-Iglesias J, Rojo-Molinero E, Macià MD, Oliver A, Pascual Á, Fernández-Cuenca F. Prevalence of the fimbrial operon mrkABCD, mrkA expression, biofilm formation and effect of biocides on biofilm formation in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging or not to high-risk clones. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106663. [PMID: 35995073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mrkA adhesin expression, biofilm production, biofilm viability and biocides in the biofilms of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates was investigated. METHODS Seventeen isolates representing different sequence types and carbapenemases were investigated. mrkA expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Biofilm production (25°C and 37°C, with and without humidity) was determined by the crystal violet assay. The effect of isopropanol, povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, ethanol and triclosan on biofilms was determined. The effect of povidone-iodine on biofilm biomass and thickness was also determined by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS mrkA expression ranged 28.2-1.3 (high or intermediate-level; 64% of HR clones) and 21.5-1.3 (50% of non-HR clones). At 25°C biofilm formation was observed in 41% of isolates (absence of humidity) and 35% of isolates (presence of humidity), whereas at 37°C it was observed in 76% of isolates, with and without humidity. At 25°C biofilm producers were more frequently observed in HR clones (45% with humidity and 55% without humidity) than non-HR clones (17% with and without humidity). Biofilm viability from day 21 was higher at 25°C than 37°C. The greatest decrease in biofilm formation was observed with povidone iodine (29% decrease), which also decrease biofilm thickness. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm formation in carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae is related to mrkA expression. Biofilm formation is affected by temperature (37°C>25°C) whereas humidity has little effect. Biofilm viability is affected by temperature (25°C>37°C). At 25°C, HR clones are more frequently biofilm producers than non-HR clones. Povidone-iodine can decrease biofilm production and biofilm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gual-de-Torrella
- UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Delgado-Valverde
- UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Palacios
- UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Oteo-Iglesias
- Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Dolores Macià
- Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pascual
- UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández-Cuenca
- UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Sharba ZA, Farazdaq Rafeeq H. The Incidence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Enzymes and Their Connection to Virulence Genes in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In community-acquired urinary tract infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered one of the most common etiological agents. Multidrug resistance and virulence are common in Klebsiella pneumoniae populations. In this study, fifty Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were isolated from urine samples and identified using a vitek 2 compact device. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique used the antibiotic susceptibility test. According to the findings, approximately [n = 46 (92%)] of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are multidrug-resistant (MDR). To detect the production of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes, the Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (MDDST) was used. The results show that approximately [n=45 (90%)] of the isolates produce ESBLs. The most common ESBL genes (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M) were investigated in isolates. The results show that the SHV gene had the highest prevalence among ESBL genes [n = 34 (68%)], followed by the CTX-M gene [n = 33 (66%)]. while none of the isolates possessed the TEM gene. The virulence factor type 3 fimbriae (MrKD) gene and biofilm (BssS) gene were revealed. The results found that the isolates contain the MrKD gene at [n = 41 (82%)]. At the same time, the results found that the isolates contained the BssS gene at [n =36 (72%)]. The prevalence of Virulence genes within ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows that only [n = 3 (6%)] of isolates that are non-ESBL producers carry one or both virulence genes, while [n=41 (82%)] of ESBL-producing isolates contain one or both virulence genes. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in community patients was high in this research. There may also be a correlation between ESBL production and some virulence factors.
Keywords. Klebsiella pneumoniae; Antibiotic Resistance; Virulence Gene; ESBL; Urinary Tract Infection; CTX-M.
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20
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Graphene-Based Functional Hybrid Membranes for Antimicrobial Applications: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have shown wide applications in antimicrobial fields due to their accelerated rate of pathogen resistance and good antimicrobial properties. To apply graphene materials in the antimicrobial test, the graphene materials are usually fabricated as two-dimensional (2D) membranes. In addition, to improve the antimicrobial efficiency, graphene membranes are modified with various functional nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, biomolecules, polymers, etc. In this review, we present recent advances in the fabrication, functional tailoring, and antimicrobial applications of graphene-based membranes. To implement this goal, we first introduce the synthesis of graphene materials and then the fabrication of 2D graphene-based membranes with potential techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, vacuum filtration, spin-coating, casting, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. Then, we present the functional tailoring of graphene membranes by adding metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymers, biopolymers, metal–organic frameworks, etc., with graphene. Finally, we focus on the antimicrobial mechanisms of graphene membranes, and demonstrate typical studies on the use of graphene membranes for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications. It is expected that this work will help readers to understand the antimicrobial mechanism of various graphene-based membranes and, further, to inspire the design and fabrication of functional graphene membranes/films for biomedical applications.
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21
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Tuncer G, Aktas Z, Basaran S, Cagatay A, Eraksoy H. Biofilm formation of panresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:723-735. [PMID: 35443798 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The authors aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming features of panresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (PRKp). Material & methods: The biofilm formations were shown under light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The optical densities of the wells were measured and classified according to biofilm-forming capacities. Results: The ratio of biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae was established to be 100%. All isolates were found to form high-level biofilms in classification compared with positive and negative controls. No significant difference was detected in the biofilm-forming capacities of K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different sample types. Conclusion: No previous study associated with PRKp isolates was identified in the literature search. There is a need for different approaches characterizing the biofilm-forming features of PRKp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Tuncer
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Aktas
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Seniha Basaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Atahan Cagatay
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Haluk Eraksoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
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22
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Gu C, Li X, Zou H, Zhao L, Meng C, Yang C, Berglund B. Clonal and plasmid-mediated dissemination of environmental carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in large animal breeding areas in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118800. [PMID: 35007671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) constitute a major global health problem. The environment plays an important role in the dissemination of CRE, but large-scale studies on CRE in groundwater environments in animal breeding areas are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate CRE occurrence and environmental transmission of carbapenem resistance genes in large animal breeding areas in northern China. In total, 280 well water and 102 animal feces samples in large animal breeding areas in six counties from the two provinces Inner Mongolia and Shandong in China, were screened for CRE. A total of 39 CRE were isolated and characterized with next-generation sequencing. 5.3% of well water samples were contaminated with CRE. The well water in chicken farms had the highest number of detections of CRE (15.9%). More than half of the isolates carried closely related, conjugative IncX3 plasmids with blaNDM-genes from multiple geographic areas, indicating that this kind of plasmid plays an important role in dissemination of carbapenem resistance determinants. The clonal expansion of various CRE isolates in well water and animal feces were demonstrated; clonally related CRE were isolated from different wells within the same county, from different counties in the same province, and even from different provinces. In addition to harboring various ARGs, two closely related K. pneumoniae belonging to ST11 isolated from well water carried genetic hypervirulence determinants on a virulence plasmid, highlighting the potential health risk posed by further dissemination of this strain. These findings suggest that groundwater may be an underappreciated reservoir and source of dissemination of CRE, from which resistance genes may disseminate among different bacterial strains and over large geographic distances. Further research and multi-sectorial monitoring, with a "One health" perspective, is urgently needed to investigate the need for interventions aimed at preventing CRE dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Gu
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Huiyun Zou
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chengxia Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
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Tutelyan AV, Shlykova DS, Voskanyan SL, Gaponov AM, Pisarev VM. Molecular Epidemiology of Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and Problems of Health-Care Associated Infections. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:507-522. [PMID: 35352244 PMCID: PMC8964242 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The review describes virulence factors of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) including genes determining its virulence and discusses their role in the development of health-care associated infections. The contribution of individual virulence factors and their combination to the development of the hypervirulence and the prospects of using these factors as biomarkers and therapeutic targets are described. Virulence factors of hvKp and "classical" K. pneumoniae strains (cKp) with no hypervirulence genes were compared. The mechanisms of biofilm formation by hvKp and high incidence of its antibiotic resistance are of particular importance for in health care institutions. Therefore, the development of methods for hvKp identification allowing early prevention of severe hvKp infection and novel approaches to abrogate its spreading are new challenges for epidemiology, infection diseases, and critical care medicine. New technologies including bacteriological and molecular studies make it possible to develop innovative strategies to diagnose and treat infection caused by hvKp. These include monitoring of both genetic biomarkers of hvKp and resistance plasmid that carry of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes, creation of immunological agents for the prevention and therapy of hvKp (vaccines, monoclonal antibodies) as well as personalized hvKp-specific phage therapies and pharmaceuticals enhancing the effect of antibiotics. A variety of approaches can reliably prepare our medicine for a new challenge: spreading of life-threatening health-care associated infections caused by antibiotic-resistant hvKp strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Tutelyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Shlykova
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sh L Voskanyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Gaponov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Pisarev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia.
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia.
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Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern, and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2347872. [PMID: 34957300 PMCID: PMC8703158 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2347872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk for superadded infections, especially infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of MDR infections, including infections caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), was very high in Iran. This study is aimed at assessing the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from patients with COVID-19 and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventy K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from seventy patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU of Shahid Beheshti hospital, Kashan, Iran, from May to September, 2020. K. pneumoniae was detected through the ureD gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and biofilm was detected using the microtiter plate assay method. Genetic diversity was also analyzed through polymerase chain reaction based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR). The BioNumerics software (v. 8.0, Applied Maths, Belgium) was used for analyzing the data and drawing dendrogram and minimum spanning tree. Findings. K. pneumoniae isolates had varying levels of resistance to antibiotics meropenem (80.4%), cefepime-aztreonam-piperacillin/tazobactam (70%), tobramycin (61.4%), ciprofloxacin (57.7%), gentamicin (55.7%), and imipenem (50%). Around 77.14% of isolates were MDR, and 42.8% of them formed biofilm. Genetic diversity analysis revealed 28 genotypes (E1-E28) and 74.28% of isolates were grouped into ten clusters (i.e., clusters A-J). Clusters were further categorized into three major clusters, i.e., clusters E, H, and J. Antimicrobial resistance to meropenem, tobramycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin in cluster J was significantly higher than cluster H, denoting significant relationship between ERIC clusters and antimicrobial resistance. However, there was no significant difference among major clusters E, H, and J respecting biofilm formation. Conclusion K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from patients with COVID-19 have high antimicrobial resistance, and 44.2% of them have genetic similarity and can be clustered in three major clusters. There is a significant difference among clusters respecting antimicrobial resistance.
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Immunoinformatics and molecular docking studies reveal a novel Multi-Epitope peptide vaccine against pneumonia infection. Vaccine 2021; 39:6221-6237. [PMID: 34556364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a major endemic disease around the world, and an effective vaccine is the need of the hour to fight against the disease. When there are no appropriate antiviral and associated therapies available, vaccine development becomes even more essential. Therefore, in the present study, a variety of immunoinformatics techniques was utilized to develop a novel multi-epitope vaccine that targets the highly immunodominant type 3 fimbrial protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the causal organism for pneumonia. The putative B and T cell epitopes were predicted from the protein and screened for antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and cross-reactivity with human proteomes. Subsequently, the selected epitopes were joined with the help of linkers to form a robust vaccine construct. In addition, an adjuvant was applied to the N-terminal of the construct to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine. The physicochemical properties, solubility, the secondary and tertiary structure of the final vaccine were also established. MD simulations for 100 ns were employed to assess the stability of the vaccine-TLR-2 docked complex. The final vaccine was optimized and cloned in pET28a (+) vector with His-tag to achieve maximum vaccine protein expression for ease of purification. Immune simulation results indicated the potency of this vaccine candidate as a probable therapeutic agent. In conclusion, the overall results of various immunoinformatics tools and methods employed revealed that the constructed multi-epitope vaccine exhibits a high potential for stimulating both B and T-cells immune responses against pneumonia infection. However, experimental immunological studies are required to corroborate the viability of the novel multi-epitope construct as a commercial vaccine.
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26
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Pereira AM, da Costa A, Dias SC, Casal M, Machado R. Production and Purification of Two Bioactive Antimicrobial Peptides Using a Two-Step Approach Involving an Elastin-Like Fusion Tag. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:956. [PMID: 34681180 PMCID: PMC8541314 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global threat, demanding new therapeutic biomolecules against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for a new generation of antibiotics, but their potential application is still in its infancy, mostly due to limitations associated with large-scale production. The use of recombinant DNA technology for the production of AMPs fused with polymer tags presents the advantage of high-yield production and cost-efficient purification processes at high recovery rates. Owing to their unique properties, we explored the use of an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) as a fusion partner for the production and isolation of two different AMPs (ABP-CM4 and Synoeca-MP), with an interspacing formic acid cleavage site. Recombinant AMP-ELR proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli and efficiently purified by temperature cycles. The introduction of a formic acid cleavage site allowed the isolation of AMPs, resorting to a two-step methodology involving temperature cycles and a simple size-exclusion purification step. This simple and easy-to-implement purification method was demonstrated to result in high recovery rates of bioactive AMPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the free AMPs was determined against seven different bacteria of clinical relevance (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two Burkholderia cenocepacia strains), in accordance with the EUCAST/CLSI antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards. All the bacterial strains (except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were demonstrated to be susceptible to ABP-CM4, including a resistant Burkholderia cenocepacia clinical strain. As for Synoeca-MP, although it did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumoniae, it was demonstrated to be highly active against the remaining bacteria. The present work provides the basis for the development of an efficient and up-scalable biotechnological platform for the production and purification of active AMPs against clinically relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - André da Costa
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, UCB-Brasilia, SGAN 916, Modulo B, Bloco C, Brasília 70790-160, Brazil;
- Animal Biology Department, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Margarida Casal
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Raul Machado
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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27
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Song G, Chen F, Chen S, Ye S. Polysaccharides from Premna microphylla turcz ameliorate inflammation via the enhancement of intestinal resistance in host. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114208. [PMID: 34010697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Premna microphylla turcz is traditionally used as a folk remedy. Its roots, stems and leaves can be invoked as medicines, which have the functions of detoxification, swelling and hemostasis. It belongs to the Premna in the Verbenaceae and is mainly distributed in the mountains of southeastern China. However, there are few reports of in-depth studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharide, which was the main component in Premna microphylla turcz. MATERIALS AND METHODS The flies were fed with standard corn flour-yeast medium to cause inflammation by sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS). The treatment group contained Premna microphylla turcz polysaccharide (pPMTLs) extract. The survival rate was obtained by feeding a vial containing five layers of filter paper, which was infiltrated with the 5% sucrose solution contaminated with SDS or SDS polysaccharide. The microvilli and nucleus of the midgut epithelial cells of different treatments were observed by transmission electron microscope, and the expression of inflammation-related genes was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, 16S rDNA analysis was conducted on the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbes of Drosophila. RESULTS In the current study, we showed that pPMTLs significantly prolonged the life span of SDS-inflamed flies from 5 days to 6 days. And pPMTLs reduced the rupture of microvilli in the midgut and restored the nuclear structure. In addition, pPMTLs significantly improved expression level of immune-related genes in Inflammation Drosophila especially the defensin (4.32 ± 0.75 vs 9.97 ± 0.52 SDS-polysaccharide group: SDS group, p < 0.001). The analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that pPMTLs decreased the relative abundance of Raoultella while Wolbachia increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results revealed the potential application of pPMTLs in enhancing inflammation defense, which would be enormous significance for the inflammation-related disorders treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Song
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Jinhua Food Industry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Jinhua Food Industry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Shubo Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Jinhua Food Industry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Shuhui Ye
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Jinhua Food Industry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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28
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Khonsari MS, Behzadi P, Foroohi F. The prevalence of type 3 fimbriae in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical urine samples. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wang M, Fan Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Zhou C, Yang L, Wang C, Qian C, Yuan C, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yin Z, Mu H, Du Y. Genomic insights into evolution of pathogenicity and resistance of multidrug-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica WM1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1497:74-90. [PMID: 33786847 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica is a poorly understood opportunistic pathogen, and the underlying mechanisms of its multidrug resistance and pathogenicity have not yet been comprehensively investigated. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain WM1 was isolated from the blood of a male patient in Tianjin, China, in 2018. Here, we describe the complete genome and provide a genomic analysis of R. ornithinolytica WM1. The isolate was resistant to all tested antimicrobials except amikacin, tobramycin, and tigecycline. Two plasmids, pWM1-1 (IncHI5) and pWM1-2 (IncR), carried multidrug-resistance regions. A large antimicrobial resistance island region resided on pWM1-1 and exhibited mosaic structures resulting from the acquisition of complex integrations of variable regions, including genes conferring resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials. Moreover, WM1 possessed virulence-related elements that encode several virulence factors, including type I fimbriae, Escherichia coli common pilus, type II and VI secretion systems, yersiniabactin, enterobactin, and surface polysaccharide, indicating pathogenic potential. Furthermore, the core genome phylogeny and pan-genome analyses revealed extensive genetic diversity. Our analysis indicates the need for stringent infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, periodic resistance monitoring, and rational medication to address potential threats posed by MDR R. ornithinolytica strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Fan
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yehua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengqian Qian
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Zhang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Novo Nordisk (China) Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Ma C, Wang Y, Zhang G, Dai X. Agar oligosaccharides ameliorate the intestinal inflammation of male Drosophila melanogaster via modulating the microbiota, and immune and cell autophagy. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1202-1212. [PMID: 33598204 PMCID: PMC7866562 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Agar oligosaccharide (AOS) is a marine prebiotic with apparent improving health and longevity effects. In this study, the protective effect of AOS on the intestine was evaluated in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-induced inflammatory model of male Drosophila. The results showed that AOS used as a nutritional additive in basal food could lengthen the life of SDS-stimulated male Drosophila. Additionally, AOS could alleviate the injuries of SDS to microvilli and mitochondria in male Drosophila midgut epithelial cells. AOS could regulate the relative gene expressions in the antibacterial peptides (AMPs), mTOR pathway and autophagy process, and significantly improved the α-diversity of midgut microbiota and decreased the abundance of Klebsiella aerogenes, a kind of bacteria easily causing infections. Collectively, AOS could ameliorate the intestinal inflammation by modulating the microbiota, and the gene expression of immune and cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Guocai Zhang
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou, ZhejiangChina
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Silveira GGOS, Torres MDT, Ribeiro CFA, Meneguetti BT, Carvalho CME, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL, Cardoso MH. Antibiofilm Peptides: Relevant Preclinical Animal Infection Models and Translational Potential. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:55-73. [PMID: 33615161 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria may be 10-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria and represent about 75% of bacterial infections in humans. Antibiofilm treatments are scarce, and no effective therapies have been reported so far. In this context, antibiofilm peptides (ABPs) represent an exciting class of agents with potent activity against biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, murine models of bacterial biofilm infections have been used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of ABPs. Therefore, here we highlight the translational potential of ABPs and provide an overview of the different clinically relevant murine models to assess ABP efficacy, including wound, foreign body, chronic lung, and oral models of infection. We discuss key challenges to translate ABPs to the clinic and the pros and cons of the existing murine biofilm models for reliable assessment of the efficacy of ABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine G O S Silveira
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Camila F A Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Meneguetti
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M E Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil
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Fang R, Liu H, Zhang X, Dong G, Li J, Tian X, Wu Z, Zhou J, Cao J, Zhou T. Difference in biofilm formation between carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae based on analysis of mrkH distribution. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104743. [PMID: 33484812 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT To analyze the difference in biofilm formation between carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae based on analysis of mrkH distribution and to further explore the function of mrkH for biofilm formation from the perspective of gene regulation. METHODS 40 imipenem-resistant strains and 40 imipenem-sensitive strains were selected to conduct experiments. Carbapenem (imipenem) susceptibility test was performed by the agar-dilution method. blaKPC resistance gene, type 3 fimbriae-related coding genes (mrkA and mrkD) and regulation gene (mrkH) were screened by PCR. Biofilm formation assay was performed using crystal violet staining method in MHB. The relative expression of genes that critically involved in biofilm formation (mrkA, luxS, pgaA) and carbapenem resistance (ompk35, ompk36, acrB) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the mrkH cassette was cloned into pGEM-T Easy plasmid to yield pGEM:pmrkH and expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α and K. pneumoniae FK1911, and the biofilm formation assay after transformation was further tested. RESULTS The MICs of imipenem were all more than 16 μg/mL in 40 imipenem-resistant strains and ranged from 0.125 μg/mL to 0.5 μg/mL in 40 imipenem-sensitive strains. Moreover, the blaKPC was identified in the 40 imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. All 80 K. pneumoniae strains were found to carry mrkA and mrkD genes. Interestingly, the mrkH gene was detected in 43 strains, of which 32 were carbapenem-sensitive strains. The biofilm formation capacity of strains carried mrkH cassette was significantly higher than other 37 strains in MHB media. The relative expression of mrkA in K. pneumoniae carrying mrkH gene was significantly up-regulated. Importantly, the biofilm formation ability of FK1911-pGEM:pmrkH strain was more higher than the strain of FK1911 in MHB medium. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that MrkH played a crucial role in the regulation of biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae. In contrast to carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was less likely to have strong biofilm-forming capacity because it does not carry the mrkH gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchi Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiucai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guofeng Dong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuebin Tian
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenghai Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huangyan, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiancang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Goda DA, Al-Zaban MI. Lethal Mechanisms of Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Different Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10499-10517. [PMID: 33402822 PMCID: PMC7778443 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have led to the need to develop new therapeutic agents to tackle microbial infections. Nano-antibiotics are a novel generation of nanomaterials with significant antimicrobial activities that target bacterial defense systems including biofilm formation, membrane permeability, and virulence activity. PURPOSE In addition to AgNO3, the current study aimed to explore for first time the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Nostoc sp. Bahar_M (N-SNPs) and their killing mechanisms against Streptococcus mutans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. METHODS Potential mechanisms of action of both silver species against bacteria were systematically explored using agar well diffusion, enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ATPase) and antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase and catalase) assays, and morphological examinations. qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE were employed to investigate the effect of both treatments on mfD, flu, and hly gene expression and protein patterns, respectively. RESULTS N-SNPs exhibited greater biocidal activity than AgNO3 against the four tested bacteria. E. coli treated with N-SNPs showed significant surges in LDH levels, imbalances in other antioxidant and enzyme activities, and marked morphological changes, including cell membrane disruption and cytoplasmic dissolution. N-SNPs caused more significant upregulation of mfD expression and downregulation of both flu and hly expression and increased protein denaturation compared with AgNO3. CONCLUSION N-SNPs exhibited significant inhibitory potential against E. coli by direct interfering with bacterial cellular structures and/or enhancing oxidative stress, indicating their potential for use as an alternative antimicrobial agent. However, the potential of N-SNPs to be usable and biocompatible antibacterial drug will evaluate by their toxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayasar Ibrahim Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Devanga Ragupathi NK, Muthuirulandi Sethuvel DP, Triplicane Dwarakanathan H, Murugan D, Umashankar Y, Monk PN, Karunakaran E, Veeraraghavan B. The Influence of Biofilms on Carbapenem Susceptibility and Patient Outcome in Device Associated K. pneumoniae Infections: Insights Into Phenotype vs Genome-Wide Analysis and Correlation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591679. [PMID: 33381089 PMCID: PMC7767932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae are on the rise globally. The biofilm forming ability of K. pneumoniae further complicates patient management. There is still a knowledge gap on the association of biofilm formation with patient outcome and carbapenem susceptibility, which is investigated in present study. K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted in critical care units with catheters and ventilators were included. K. pneumoniae (n = 72) were subjected to 96-well plate biofilm formation assay followed by MBEC assay for subset of strong biofilm formers. Whole genome sequencing and a core genome phylogenetic analysis in comparison with global isolates were performed. Phenotypic analyses showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and carbapenem resistance. Planktonic cells observed to be susceptible in vitro exhibited higher MICs in biofilm structure, hence MICs cannot be extrapolated for treatment. The biofilm forming ability had a significant association with morbidity/mortality. Infections by stronger biofilm forming pathogens significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in fewer “average days alive” for the patient (3.33 days) in comparison to those negative for biofilms (11.33 days). Phylogenetic analysis including global isolates revealed clear association of sequence types with genes for biofilm formation and carbapenem resistance. Known hypervirulent clone-ST23 with wcaG, magA, rmpA, rmpA2, and wzc with lack of mutation for hyper-capsulation might be poor biofilm formers. ST15, ST16, ST307, and ST258 (reported global high-risk clones) were wcaJ negative indicating the high potential of biofilm forming capacity. Genes wabG and treC for CPS, bcsA and pgaC for adhesins, luxS for quorum sensing were common in all clades in addition to genes for aerobactin (iutA), allantoin (allS), type I and III fimbriae (fimA, fimH, and mrkD) and pili (pilQ and ecpA). This study is the first of its kind to compare genetic features of antimicrobial resistance with a spectrum covering most of the genetic factors for K. pneumoniae biofilm. These results highlight the importance of biofilm screening to effectively manage nosocomial infections by K. pneumoniae. Further, data obtained on epidemiology and associations of biofilm and resistance genetic factors will serve to enhance our understanding on biofilm mechanisms in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Dhivya Murugan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Yamini Umashankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Peter N Monk
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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The Great ESKAPE: Exploring the Crossroads of Bile and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00865-19. [PMID: 32661122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00865-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of infection, many pathogens encounter bactericidal conditions that threaten the viability of the bacteria and impede the establishment of infection. Bile is one of the most innately bactericidal compounds present in humans, functioning to reduce the bacterial burden in the gastrointestinal tract while also aiding in digestion. It is becoming increasingly apparent that pathogens successfully resist the bactericidal conditions of bile, including bacteria that do not normally cause gastrointestinal infections. This review highlights the ability of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter (ESKAPE), and other enteric pathogens to resist bile and how these interactions can impact the sensitivity of bacteria to various antimicrobial agents. Given that pathogen exposure to bile is an essential component to gastrointestinal transit that cannot be avoided, understanding how bile resistance mechanisms align with antimicrobial resistance is vital to our ability to develop new, successful therapeutics in an age of widespread and increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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36
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Kpi, a chaperone-usher pili system associated with the worldwide-disseminated high-risk clone Klebsiella pneumoniae ST-15. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17249-17259. [PMID: 32641516 PMCID: PMC7382220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921393117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae continues to be challenging. The success of this pathogen is favored by its ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance and to spread and persist in both the environment and in humans. The emergence of clinically important clones, such as sequence types 11, 15, 101, and 258, has been reported worldwide. However, the mechanisms promoting the dissemination of such high-risk clones are unknown. Unraveling the factors that play a role in the pathobiology and epidemicity of K. pneumoniae is therefore important for managing infections. To address this issue, we studied a carbapenem-resistant ST-15 K. pneumoniae isolate (Kp3380) that displayed a remarkable adherent phenotype with abundant pilus-like structures. Genome sequencing enabled us to identify a chaperone-usher pili system (Kpi) in Kp3380. Analysis of a large K. pneumoniae population from 32 European countries showed that the Kpi system is associated with the ST-15 clone. Phylogenetic analysis of the operon revealed that Kpi belongs to the little-characterized γ2-fimbrial clade. We demonstrate that Kpi contributes positively to the ability of K. pneumoniae to form biofilms and adhere to different host tissues. Moreover, the in vivo intestinal colonizing capacity of the Kpi-defective mutant was significantly reduced, as was its ability to infect Galleria mellonella The findings provide information about the pathobiology and epidemicity of Kpi+ K. pneumoniae and indicate that the presence of Kpi may explain the success of the ST-15 clone. Disrupting bacterial adherence to the intestinal surface could potentially target gastrointestinal colonization.
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37
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Goda DA, Khalil MI, Redhwan A. Cytotoxic effect of green silver nanoparticles against ampicillin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21136-21146. [PMID: 35518759 PMCID: PMC9054378 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the harmful effects and high spread of drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, many researchers have been trying to produce new antibacterial agents to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of this bacterium. Recent progress in the nanomedicine field has provided opportunities for synthesizing unique nanoagents to battle MDR bacteria by targeting virulence and resistance signalling. The biocidal effects of 14.9 nm silver nanoparticles fabricated using Nostoc sp. Bahar M (N-SNPs) and AgNO3 were examined against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae using the agar well diffusion method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect the ultrastructural changes caused by N-SNPs and AgNO3. To address the mode of action of N-SNPs and AgNO3, CAT, GPx, LDH and ATPase levels were assessed. The toxicity of N-SNPs and AgNO3 was evaluated against the mfD, flu, hly, 23S, hns, hcp-1, VgrG-1 and VgrG-3 genes as well as cellular proteins. N-SNPs showed the greatest inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, with MIC and MBC values of 0.9 and 1.2 mg mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, N-SNPs and AgNO3 induced apoptotic features, including cell shrinkage and cell atrophy. N-SNPs were more potent bactericidal compounds than AgNO3, causing increased leakage of LDH and GPx activities and depletion of ATPase and CAT activities, resulting in induced oxidative stress and metabolic toxicity. Compared to AgNO3, N-SNPs exhibited the highest toxicity towards the selected genes and the greatest damage to bacterial proteins. N-SNPs were the most potent agents that induced bacterial membrane damage, oxidative stress and disruption of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. N-SNPs may be used as effective nanodrugs against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Egypt +201156298937
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) Alexandria Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Khalil
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Egypt +201156298937
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University Lebanon
| | - Alya Redhwan
- Department of Health, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia +966555237223
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Moghadam MT, Shariati A, Mirkalantari S, Karmostaji A. The complex genetic region conferring transferable antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100693. [PMID: 32670591 PMCID: PMC7339125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance due to transferable resistance genes is one of the most important concerns in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections. Eighty-eight K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed through biochemical methods. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a disc-diffusion method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production among the isolates was screened using a double-disc synergism test, and the resistance genes were identified using PCR. The eight loci for multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping were selected along with the primers. According to our findings, neomycin (5; 5.6%) and carbapenems (10; 11.3%) showed the most remarkable inhibitory effect but co-trimoxazole (46; 52.2%) was the least effective antibiotic against K. pneumoniae isolates. bla CTX-M-1 , qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, intI, intII, aac3 and aac6 were detected in 30 (34%), 5 (5.6%), 29 (32.9%), 23 (26.1%), 88 (100%), 72 (81.8%), 26 (29.5%) and 28 (31.8%) of the 88 isolates, respectively. But none of the K. pneumoniae isolates expressed the intIII gene. Using MLVA, 23 MLVA types and eight clusters were identified. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were classified into two clonal complexes. Effective strategies for infection control should be applied to monitor and control the spread of multidrug-resistant isolates by the resistance genes located on the mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Moghadam
- PhD student of bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shariati
- PhD student of bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mirkalantari
- Assistant Professor in Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Karmostaji
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Tang M, Wei X, Wan X, Ding Z, Ding Y, Liu J. The role and relationship with efflux pump of biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104244. [PMID: 32437832 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the role and relationship with efflux pump of biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sixty-one K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected between January and June of 2017 from the affiliated hospital of southwest medical university in Luzhou, China. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were determined using broth microdilution method. Crystal violet (CV) staining and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were used to monitor biofilm formation. Efflux pump expression was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Crystal violet staining was performed to evaluate the effect of efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP) on K. pneumoniae biofilms. Our results showed that crystal violet staining and CLSM had good consistency in biofilm detection. Biofilm formation was an independent biological behavior of the strain and measured at 24 h was reasonable. Biofilms up-regulated antimicrobial resistance and expression of efflux pump gene acrA, emrB, oqxA, and qacEΔ1 in K. pneumoniae. CCCP inhibited biofilms but dose-dependent effect was obvious. Altogether, our data demonstrates that biofilm formation, as well as its interaction with efflux pump, promotes antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Santai County People's Hospital, Mianyang City, 621100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu City, 611730, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zixuan Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yinhuan Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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40
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Alpizar YA, Uvin P, Naert R, Franken J, Pinto S, Sanchez A, Gevaert T, Everaerts W, Voets T, De Ridder D, Talavera K. TRPV4 Mediates Acute Bladder Responses to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides. Front Immunol 2020; 11:799. [PMID: 32435246 PMCID: PMC7218059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect a large proportion of the population, causing among other symptoms, more frequent and urgent micturition. Previous studies reported that the gram-negative bacterial wall component lipopolysaccharides (LPS) trigger acute epithelial and bladder voiding responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The cation channel TRPV4 is implicated in the regulation of the bladder voiding. Since TRPV4 is activated by LPS in airway epithelial cells, we sought to determine whether this channel plays a role in LPS-induced responses in urothelial cells (UCs). We found that human-derived UCs display a fast increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration upon acute application of Escherichia coli LPS. Such responses were detected also in freshly isolated mouse UCs, and found to be dependent on TRPV4, but not to require the canonical TLR4 signaling pathway of LPS detection. Confocal microscopy experiments revealed that TRPV4 is dispensable for LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB in mouse UCs. On the other hand, quantitative RT PCR determinations showed an enhanced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in TRPV4-deficient UCs. Cystometry experiments in anesthetized wild type mice revealed that acute intravesical instillation of LPS rapidly increases voiding frequency. This effect was not observed in TRPV4-deficient animals, but was largely preserved in Tlr4 KO and Trpa1 KO mice. Our results suggest that activation of TRPV4 by LPS in UCs regulates the proinflammatory response and contributes to LPS-induced increase in voiding frequency. These findings further support the concept that TRP channels are sensors of LPS, mediating fast innate immunity mechanisms against gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Uvin
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Franken
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Pinto
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gevaert
- Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Biofilm Formation and EPS Production of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6398165. [PMID: 32382563 PMCID: PMC7189323 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6398165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance against present antibiotics is rising at an alarming rate with need for discovery of advanced methods to treat infections caused by resistant pathogens. Silver nanoparticles are known to exhibit satisfactory antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against different pathogens. In the present study, the AgNPs were synthesized chemically and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Antibacterial activity against MDR K. pneumoniae strains was evaluated by agar diffusion and broth microdilution assay. Cellular protein leakage was determined by the Bradford assay. The effect of AgNPs on production on extracellular polymeric substances was evaluated. Biofilm formation was assessed by tube method qualitatively and quantitatively by the microtiter plate assay. The cytotoxic potential of AgNPs on HeLa cell lines was also determined. AgNPs exhibited an MIC of 62.5 and 125 μg/ml, while their MBC is 250 and 500 μg/ml. The production of extracellular polymeric substance decreased after AgNP treatment while cellular protein leakage increased due to higher rates of cellular membrane disruption by AgNPs. The percentage biofilm inhibition was evaluated to be 64% for K. pneumoniae strain MF953600 and 86% for MF953599 at AgNP concentration of 100 μg/ml. AgNPs were evaluated to be minimally cytotoxic and safe at concentrations of 15-120 μg/ml. The data evaluated by this study provided evidence of AgNPs being safe antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds against MDR K. pneumoniae.
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Chen L, Wilksch JJ, Liu H, Zhang X, Torres VVL, Bi W, Mandela E, Cao J, Li J, Lithgow T, Zhou T. Investigation of LuxS-mediated quorum sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:402-413. [PMID: 32223838 PMCID: PMC7377169 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing is a bacterial communication system that responds to cell density. The system requires luxS activity to produce AI-2, which can regulate gene expression and processes such as biofilm formation. Aim To investigate the role of luxS in biofilm formation and gene expression in the nosocomial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methodology A ΔluxS gene deletion was made in K. pneumoniae KP563, an extensively drug-resistant isolate. AI-2 production was assessed in wild-type and ΔluxS strains grown in media supplemented with different carbohydrates. Potential roles of luxS in biofilm formation were investigated using a microtiter plate biofilm assay and scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative RT-PCR evaluated the expression of lipopolysaccharide (wzm and wbbM), polysaccharide (pgaA), and type 3 fimbriae (mrkA) synthesis genes in wild-type and ΔluxS mutant biofilm extracts. Results AI-2 production was dependent on the presence of luxS. AI-2 accumulation was highest during early stationary phase in media supplemented with glucose, sucrose or glycerol. Changes in biofilm architecture were observed in the ΔluxS mutant, with less surface coverage and reduced macrocolony formation; however, no differences in biofilm formation between the wild-type and ΔluxS mutant using a microtiter plate assay were observed. In ΔluxS mutant biofilm extracts, the expression of wzm was down-regulated, and the expression of pgaA, which encodes a porin for poly-β−1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PNAG) polysaccharide secretion, was upregulated. Conclusion Relationships among AI-2-mediated quorum sensing, biofilm formation and gene expression of outer-membrane components were identified in K. pneumoniae. These inter-connected processes could be important for bacterial group behaviour and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jonathan J Wilksch
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Von V L Torres
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenzi Bi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Eric Mandela
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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de Oliveira Júnior NG, Franco OL. Promising strategies for future treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:63-79. [PMID: 32048525 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that has the ability to aggregate as biofilm, representing one of the main agents in hospital infections, showing high rates of resistance to antibiotics. The K. pneumoniae biofilm aggregates are composed mainly of extracellular polysaccharides, eDNA and proteins. Besides, biofilms can attach to medical devices, such as endotracheal tubes and catheters, but are most dangerous on body surfaces. Here, we discuss the recent findings about the resistance mechanisms of K. pneumoniae biofilms, including genes and protein involved in 'classic', multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains, and also virulence factors. In addition, we also explore new strategies for possible treatment of these biofilms, and recently discovered molecules which may lead to future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G de Oliveira Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
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Enany S, Zakeer S, Sayed AA, Magdeldin S. Shotgun proteomic analysis of ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae clinical isolates. Microbiol Res 2020; 234:126423. [PMID: 32078895 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium that is responsible for a wide range of infections in humans. An increased rate of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae has been noted in the last two decades. The association between antimicrobial resistance and virulence is an important topic of study. Genomic tools have been used widely for the detection of virulence. In our study, we used proteomic analysis with mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools to explore the virulence factors of both ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and to determine the association between virulence and antimicrobial resistance in these clinical isolates. We have revealed different proteomic profiles and different pathways between the ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing groups. Many proteins involved in stress responses have been reported in the shared proteome between ESBL-and non-ESBL producers, such as ElaB protein, Lon protease, and universal stress proteins G and A. The virulence and pathogenicity of ESBL-producing bacteria were stronger than those of the non-ESBL-producing bacteria. Several unique virulence determinants were identified in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, such as proteins with lyase, catalase, isochorismatase, and oxidoreductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa Enany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
| | - Samira Zakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Sayed
- Genomic Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 11441 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 11441 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
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Nirwati H, Sinanjung K, Fahrunissa F, Wijaya F, Napitupulu S, Hati VP, Hakim MS, Meliala A, Aman AT, Nuryastuti T. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, Klaten, Indonesia. BMC Proc 2019; 13:20. [PMID: 31890013 PMCID: PMC6913045 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-019-0176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of health-care associated infections (HAIs) and has high levels of antibiotic resistance. These bacteria are well-known for their ability to produce biofilm. The purpose of this study was to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm-producing capacity of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Klaten, Indonesia. Methods K. pneumoniae was isolated from inpatients in Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital Klaten from June 2017 to May 2018. Identification of K. pneumoniae isolate was done by analyzing colony morphology, microscopic examination, and by performing biochemical testing. Testing of antibiotics susceptibility and biofilm-producing capacity used the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and adherence quantitative assays, respectively. Results A total of 167 (17.36%) K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from 962 total clinical bacterial isolates during the study. Most of them were collected from patients aged more than 60 years old and were mainly obtained from respiratory specimens (51.50%). Most of K. pneumoniae isolates were extensively resistant to antibiotics. A more favorable profile was found only towards meropenem, amikacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, showing 1.20%; 4.79% and 10.53% of resistance, respectively. The overall proportion of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates was 54.49%. In addition, 148 (85.63%) isolates were biofilm producers, with 45 (26.95%) isolates as strong, 48 (28.74%) isolates as moderate, and 50 (29.94%) isolates as weak biofilm producers. Conclusion Most of the K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and are biofilm producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera Nirwati
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Kian Sinanjung
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Yogyakarta General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fahrina Fahrunissa
- 3Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fernando Wijaya
- 3Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sarastia Napitupulu
- 3Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vania P Hati
- 3Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad S Hakim
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Andreanita Meliala
- 4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abu T Aman
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Titik Nuryastuti
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
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Oregano: A potential prophylactic treatment for the intestinal microbiota. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02625. [PMID: 31667426 PMCID: PMC6812195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic use of antibiotics in poultry diets has been identified as a problematic practice because of its potential to exacerbate the spread of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens. A range of countries have opted to completely ban the use of antibiotics in animal feed. The animal production industries are looking for alternative ways to effectively control pathogens while providing the performance benefits previously secured by antibiotics in feed. Here, we present evidence that oregano (Origanum vulgare) could be a potential alternative for pathogen control in the poultry industry. Broiler diets were supplemented with oregano powder (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) for six weeks. The capacity for pathogen control was estimated by microbiota profiling of the jejunum, ileum, and caecum content, and in the faeces, by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the caecal content were also measured, as were villus/crypt parameters in the ileum. There were no differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids. The height, width, and the surface area of villi in the ileum were not influenced by oregano addition. However, 1% and 2% of oregano produced a significant increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. There were no visible histopathological changes in the liver in control and treated groups. Although oregano had no significant effect on overall microbial diversity and gross composition, some specific genera, like Proteus, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus, which include known pathogens, were reduced in relative abundance by oregano treatment. Bifidobacterium, recognized as a beneficial and probiotic genus, was also suppressed by the oregano treatment.
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47
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Hamam SS, El Kholy RM, Zaki MES. Study of Various Virulence Genes, Biofilm Formation and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections. Open Microbiol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285801913010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The aims of the current study were to evaluate the capacity of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospital-acquired urinary tract infection to form biofilm, the relation of this capacity to various virulence genes and the prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) among these isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Material and Methods:
The study included 100 non-duplicate strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from 100 different urine samples from patients with hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. The isolated strains were studied for biofilm formation, ESBL production by phenotypic methods. Molecular studies were applied for the detection of ESβLs genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and for detection of virulence genes fimH, uge, rmpA, mag A, wzy, kfa and aerobactin genes.
Result:
The majority of the isolates had the capacity to form a biofilm (81%), with ESBL prevalence rate 41%. The most prevalent gene among ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was blaCTX-M (73.2%) followed by blaSHV (53.6%) and blaTEM (51.2%). Among the virulence genes studied in K. pneumoniae isolates, the most prevalent gene was fimH (76%), uge (70%). There was significant association between ESBL production, and resistance to amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, imipenem and meropenem and biofilm production in K. pneumoniae isolates. There was significant association between blaCTX-M, blaSHV, fimH, mag, kfa, wzy, rmpA and aerobactin and biofilm production in K. pneumoniae.
Conclusion:
The present study highlights the prevalence of virulence genes among biofilm-forming strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Moreover, there was association between biofilm formation and ESBL production. Further studies are required to elucidate the clinical impact of the association of these different mechanisms.
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48
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Guilhen C, Miquel S, Charbonnel N, Joseph L, Carrier G, Forestier C, Balestrino D. Colonization and immune modulation properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm-dispersed cells. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:25. [PMID: 31583108 PMCID: PMC6760147 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-dispersal is a key determinant for further dissemination of biofilm-embedded bacteria. Recent evidence indicates that biofilm-dispersed bacteria have transcriptional features different from those of both biofilm and planktonic bacteria. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo phenotypic properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae cells spontaneously dispersed from biofilm were compared with those of planktonic and sessile cells. Biofilm-dispersed cells, whose growth rate was the same as that of exponential planktonic bacteria but significantly higher than those of sessile and stationary planktonic forms, colonized both abiotic and biotic surfaces more efficiently than their planktonic counterparts regardless of their initial adhesion capabilities. Microscopy studies suggested that dispersed bacteria initiate formation of microcolonies more rapidly than planktonic bacteria. In addition, dispersed cells have both a higher engulfment rate and better survival/multiplication inside macrophages than planktonic cells and sessile cells. In an in vivo murine pneumonia model, the bacterial load in mice lungs infected with biofilm-dispersed bacteria was similar at 6, 24 and 48 h after infection to that of mice lungs infected with planktonic or sessile bacteria. However, biofilm-dispersed and sessile bacteria trend to elicit innate immune response in lungs to a lesser extent than planktonic bacteria. Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that the greater ability of K. pneumoniae biofilm-dispersed cells to efficiently achieve surface colonization and to subvert the host immune response confers them substantial advantages in the first steps of the infection process over planktonic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Guilhen
- 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6023, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,3Present Address: Université de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Département de Physiologie Cellulaire et Métabolisme, Genève, Suisse
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6023, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Charbonnel
- 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6023, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Joseph
- 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6023, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Carrier
- 2Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,4Present Address: Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Damien Balestrino
- 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6023, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Jain N, Mansuri A. Stopping the Unstoppable: Unconventional Methods to Prevent the Biofilm Growth. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:515-522. [PMID: 31362660 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190726153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microorganisms encased in extracellular matrix that protect cells from adverse conditions. A biofilm matrix is typically composed of extracellular DNA, cellulose and proteinaceous amyloid fibers. The matrix aids in adhesion to abiotic and biotic surface including medical devices and host tissues. The presence of biofilm makes bacteria more resilient and non-responsive to most current treatment regimes at disposal. Therefore, biofilm-associated infections are serious threat in hospital settings and pose a huge burden on economy. Inhibition of matrix components (cellulose and/or amyloid formation) has emerged as a lucrative alternative strategy to cure biofilm-related infections and combat antibiotic resistance. Here we review the current and emerging therapeutic interventions to mitigate persistent infections due to biofilms. The successful implementation of these interventions will have a huge impact on alleviating the current financial burden on healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
| | - Abdulkhalik Mansuri
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
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50
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Ramos-Vivas J, Chapartegui-González I, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Fortún J, Escudero R, Marco F, Linares L, Montejo M, Aranzamendi M, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Aguado JM, Resino E, Ahufinger IG, Vega AP, Martínez-Martínez L, Fariñas MC. Biofilm formation by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from solid organ transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8928. [PMID: 31222089 PMCID: PMC6586660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk of developing infections by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). In this study, the biofilm-forming capability of 209 MDR strains (Escherichia coli n = 106, Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 78, and Enterobacter spp. n = 25) isolated from rectal swabs in the first 48 hours before or after kidney (93 patients), liver (60 patients) or kidney/pancreas transplants (5 patients) were evaluated by using a microplate assay. Thirty-nine strains were isolated before transplant and 170 strains were isolated post-transplant. Overall, 16% of E. coli strains, 73% of K. pneumoniae strains and 4% Enterobacter strains showed moderate or strong biofilm production. Nine strains isolated from infection sites after transplantation were responsible of infections in the first month. Of these, 4 K. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli and 1 Enterobacter spp. strains isolated pre-transplant or post-transplant as colonizers caused infections in the post-transplant period. Our results suggest that in vitro biofilm formation could be an important factor for adhesion to intestine and colonization in MDR K. pneumoniae strains in SOT recipients, but this factor appears to be less important for MDR E. coli and Enterobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Linares
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Montejo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces, S/N, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Maitane Aranzamendi
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces, S/N, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Aguado
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Resino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia Ahufinger
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Paz Vega
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 39011, Santander, Spain. .,Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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