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Verrillo L, Di Palma R, de Bellis A, Drongitis D, Miano MG. Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Is a Driver Molecule of Neuroplasticity: Implication for Neurological Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1301. [PMID: 37759701 PMCID: PMC10526795 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is a crucial property of the central nervous system to change its activity in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli. This is mainly achieved through the promotion of changes in the epigenome. One of the epi-drivers priming this process is suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA or Vorinostat), a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor that modulates and promotes neuroplasticity in healthy and disease conditions. Knowledge of the specific molecular changes induced by this epidrug is an important area of neuro-epigenetics for the identification of new compounds to treat cognition impairment and/or epilepsy. In this review, we summarize the findings obtained in cellular and animal models of various brain disorders, highlighting the multiple mechanisms activated by SAHA, such as improvement of memory, learning and behavior, and correction of faulty neuronal functioning. Supporting this evidence, in vitro and in vivo data underline how SAHA positively regulates the expression of neuronal genes and microtubule dynamics, induces neurite outgrowth and spine density, and enhances synaptic transmission and potentiation. In particular, we outline studies regarding neurodevelopmental disorders with pharmaco-resistant seizures and/or severe cognitive impairment that to date lack effective drug treatments in which SAHA could ameliorate defective neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Verrillo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosita Di Palma
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alberto de Bellis
- A.O.R.N. S. Anna and S. Sebastiano Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Maria Rosaria Maglione Foundation Onlus, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Denise Drongitis
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (R.D.P.)
- Maria Rosaria Maglione Foundation Onlus, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Miano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (R.D.P.)
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van Cruchten RTP, van As D, Glennon JC, van Engelen BGM, 't Hoen PAC, Wenninger S, Daidj F, Cumming S, Littleford R, Monckton DG, Lochmüller H, Catt M, Faber CG, Hapca A, Donnan PT, Gorman G, Bassez G, Schoser B, Knoop H, Treweek S, Wansink DG, Impens F, Gabriels R, Claeys T, Ravel-Chapuis A, Jasmin BJ, Mahon N, Nieuwenhuis S, Martens L, Novak P, Furling D, Baak A, Gourdon G, MacKenzie A, Martinat C, Neault N, Roos A, Duchesne E, Salz R, Thompson R, Baghdoyan S, Varghese AM, Blom P, Spendiff S, Manta A. Clinical improvement of DM1 patients reflected by reversal of disease-induced gene expression in blood. BMC Med 2022; 20:395. [PMID: 36352383 PMCID: PMC9646470 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an incurable multisystem disease caused by a CTG-repeat expansion in the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The OPTIMISTIC clinical trial demonstrated positive and heterogenous effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the capacity for activity and social participations in DM1 patients. Through a process of reverse engineering, this study aims to identify druggable molecular biomarkers associated with the clinical improvement in the OPTIMISTIC cohort. METHODS Based on full blood samples collected during OPTIMISTIC, we performed paired mRNA sequencing for 27 patients before and after the CBT intervention. Linear mixed effect models were used to identify biomarkers associated with the disease-causing CTG expansion and the mean clinical improvement across all clinical outcome measures. RESULTS We identified 608 genes for which their expression was significantly associated with the CTG-repeat expansion, as well as 1176 genes significantly associated with the average clinical response towards the intervention. Remarkably, all 97 genes associated with both returned to more normal levels in patients who benefited the most from CBT. This main finding has been replicated based on an external dataset of mRNA data of DM1 patients and controls, singling these genes out as candidate biomarkers for therapy response. Among these candidate genes were DNAJB12, HDAC5, and TRIM8, each belonging to a protein family that is being studied in the context of neurological disorders or muscular dystrophies. Across the different gene sets, gene pathway enrichment analysis revealed disease-relevant impaired signaling in, among others, insulin-, metabolism-, and immune-related pathways. Furthermore, evidence for shared dysregulations with another neuromuscular disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, was found, suggesting a partial overlap in blood-based gene dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS DM1-relevant disease signatures can be identified on a molecular level in peripheral blood, opening new avenues for drug discovery and therapy efficacy assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T P van Cruchten
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël van As
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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IOX1 impedes host inflammation in imiquimod-triggered psoriasis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08433. [PMID: 34877426 PMCID: PMC8632842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology and highly limited treatment strategies. The drugs currently used in the treatment of psoriasis are rarely recommended for long-term use owing to the serious side effects. Although different targets have been identified for controlling psoriasis, the role of epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets is yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-carboxylic acid (IOX1), a novel drug with a genetic target, in psoriasis. The daily topical administration of IOX1 in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic inflammation reduced inflammatory reactions in the skin and lowered the PASI score. Furthermore, intraperitoneally injected IOX1 repressed the inflammatory status induced by IMQ in psoriatic mice by reducing the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, restoring splenocyte populations, and regulating macrophage polarization. Our findings indicate the remedial effects of IOX1 on dermatitis psoriasis and the potential of IOX1 as a therapeutic compound in psoriasis.
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New developments in Huntington's disease and other triplet repeat diseases: DNA repair turns to the dark side. Neuronal Signal 2020; 4:NS20200010. [PMID: 33224521 PMCID: PMC7672267 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes neuronal death, particularly in medium spiny neurons. HD leads to serious and progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Its genetic basis is an expansion of the CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, leading to extra glutamines in the huntingtin protein. HD is one of nine genetic diseases in this polyglutamine (polyQ) category, that also includes a number of inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Traditionally it has been assumed that HD age of onset and disease progression were solely the outcome of age-dependent exposure of neurons to toxic effects of the inherited mutant huntingtin protein. However, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed significant effects of genetic variants outside of HTT. Surprisingly, these variants turn out to be mostly in genes encoding DNA repair factors, suggesting that at least some disease modulation occurs at the level of the HTT DNA itself. These DNA repair proteins are known from model systems to promote ongoing somatic CAG repeat expansions in tissues affected by HD. Thus, for triplet repeats, some DNA repair proteins seem to abandon their normal genoprotective roles and, instead, drive expansions and accelerate disease. One attractive hypothesis—still to be proven rigorously—is that somatic HTT expansions augment the disease burden of the inherited allele. If so, therapeutic approaches that lower levels of huntingtin protein may need blending with additional therapies that reduce levels of somatic CAG repeat expansions to achieve maximal effect.
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Holshouser S, Cafiero R, Robinson M, Kirkpatrick J, Casero RA, Hyacinth HI, Woster PM. Epigenetic Reexpression of Hemoglobin F Using Reversible LSD1 Inhibitors: Potential Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14750-14758. [PMID: 32596612 PMCID: PMC7315572 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 11 in the β-globin gene. The resulting mutant hemoglobin S (HbS) is a poor oxygen transporter and causes a variety of vascular symptoms and organ failures. At birth, the DRED epigenetic complex forms and silences the γ-globin gene, and fetal hemoglobin (HbF, 2 α-, and 2 γ-subunits) is replaced by adult HbA (α2β2) or HbS (α2βs 2) in SCD patients. HbF is a potent inhibitor of HbS polymerization, thus alleviating the symptoms of SCD. The current therapy, hydroxyurea (HU), increases γ-globin and the HbF content in sickle cells but is highly underutilized due to concern for adverse effects and other complications. The DRED complex contains the epigenetic eraser lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which appears to serve as a scaffolding protein. Our recently discovered 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and cyclic peptide LSD1 inhibitors promote the upregulation of γ-globin production in vitro without significant toxicity. Herein, we demonstrate that these LSD1 inhibitors can be used to disrupt the DRED complex and increase the cellular HbF content in vitro and in vivo. This approach could lead to an innovative and effective treatment for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Holshouser
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, South Carolina 29414, United States
| | - Rebecca Cafiero
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, South Carolina 29414, United States
| | - Mayra Robinson
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, South Carolina 29414, United States
| | - Joy Kirkpatrick
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, South Carolina 29414, United States
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney
Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans St. Room 551, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hyacinth I. Hyacinth
- Department
of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory
University, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United
States
| | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, South Carolina 29414, United States
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Kirkpatrick JE, Kirkwood KL, Woster PM. Inhibition of the histone demethylase KDM4B leads to activation of KDM1A, attenuates bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and reduces osteoclastogenesis. Epigenetics 2018; 13:557-572. [PMID: 29927684 PMCID: PMC6260135 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1481703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) afflicts 46% of Americans with no effective adjunctive therapies available. While most pharmacotherapy for PD targets bacteria, the host immune response is responsible for driving tissue damage and bone loss in severe disease. Herein, we establish that the histone demethylase KDM4B is a potential drug target for the treatment of PD. Immunohistochemical staining of diseased periodontal epithelium revealed an increased abundance of KDM4B that correlates with inflammation. In murine calvarial sections exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (Aa-LPS), immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant increase in KDM4B protein expression. The 8-hydroxyquinoline ML324 is known to inhibit the related demethylase KDM4E in vitro, but has not been evaluated against any other targets. Our studies indicate that ML324 also inhibits KDM4B (IC50: 4.9 μM), and decreases the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to an Aa-LPS challenge in vitro. Our results suggest that KDM4B inhibition-induced immunosuppression works indirectly, requiring new protein synthesis. In addition, fluorescence-stained macrophages exhibited a significant decrease in global monomethyl histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me) levels following an Aa-LPS challenge that was prevented by KDM4B inhibition, suggesting this effect is produced through KDM1A-mediated demethylation of H3K4. Finally, ML324 inhibition of KDM4B in osteoclast progenitors produced a significant reduction in Aa-LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. These data link histone methylation with host immune response to bacterial pathogens in PD, and suggest a previously unreported, alternative mechanism for epigenetic control of the host inflammatory environment. As such, KDM4B represents a new therapeutic target for treating hyper-inflammatory diseases that result in bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy E. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Zhang F, Bodycombe NE, Haskell KM, Sun YL, Wang ET, Morris CA, Jones LH, Wood LD, Pletcher MT. A flow cytometry-based screen identifies MBNL1 modulators that rescue splicing defects in myotonic dystrophy type I. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3056-3068. [PMID: 28535287 PMCID: PMC5886090 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a rare genetic disease caused by the expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats ((CTG)exp) in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The repeat transcripts sequester the RNA binding protein Muscleblind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) and hamper its normal function in pre-mRNA splicing. Overexpressing exogenous MBNL1 in the DM1 mouse model has been shown to rescue the splicing defects and reverse myotonia. Although a viable therapeutic strategy, pharmacological modulators of MBNL1 expression have not been identified. Here, we engineered a ZsGreen tag into the endogenous MBNL1 locus in HeLa cells and established a flow cytometry-based screening system to identify compounds that increase MBNL1 level. The initial screen of small molecule compound libraries identified more than thirty hits that increased MBNL1 expression greater than double the baseline levels. Further characterization of two hits revealed that the small molecule HDAC inhibitors, ISOX and vorinostat, increased MBNL1 expression in DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts and partially rescued the splicing defect caused by (CUG)exp repeats in these cells. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of this flow-based cytometry screen to identify both small molecule compounds and druggable targets for MBNL1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole E Bodycombe
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keith M Haskell
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism - New Chemical Entities, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Eric T Wang
- Center for Neurogenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Lyn H Jones
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Conway SJ, Woster PM, Greenlee WJ, Georg G, Wang S. Epigenetics: Novel Therapeutics Targeting Epigenetics. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1247-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Kutz CJ, Holshouser SL, Marrow EA, Woster PM. 3,5-Diamino-1,2,4-triazoles as a novel scaffold for potent, reversible LSD1 (KDM1A) inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1863-1870. [PMID: 25580204 PMCID: PMC4286191 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling amine oxidase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has become an attractive target for the design of specific inhibitors with therapeutic potential. We, and others, have described LSD1 inhibitors that have potential as antitumor agents. Many of the currently known LSD1 inhibitors are poor drug candidates, or are structurally based on the tranylcypromine backbone, thus increasing the potential for off-target effects mediated by other amine oxidases. We now describe a series of potent LSD1 inhibitors based on a novel 1,2,4-triazole scaffold; these inhibitors show a high degree of specificity for LSD1 in vitro, and cause increases in cellular histone 3 dimethyllysine 4 (H3K4me2), a gene transcription activating mark. Importantly, these inhibitors are not toxic to mammalian cells in vitro, and thus they may show utility in the treatment of epigenetically-based diseases where cell death is not a desired endpoint Figure 1. Structures of LSD1 inhibitors 1, verlindamycin 2, (bis)thioureas 3, amidoxime 4, cyclic peptide 5, N3-(2-chloro-6-phenoxybenzyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine 6 and N3,N5-bis(2-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Kutz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Steven L Holshouser
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ethan A Marrow
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, SC 29425
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Anjomani Virmouni S, Sandi C, Al-Mahdawi S, Pook MA. Cellular, molecular and functional characterisation of YAC transgenic mouse models of Friedreich ataxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107416. [PMID: 25198290 PMCID: PMC4157886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a GAA repeat expansion mutation within intron 1 of the FXN gene. We have previously established and performed preliminary characterisation of several human FXN yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenic FRDA mouse models containing GAA repeat expansions, Y47R (9 GAA repeats), YG8R (90 and 190 GAA repeats) and YG22R (190 GAA repeats). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We now report extended cellular, molecular and functional characterisation of these FXN YAC transgenic mouse models. FXN transgene copy number analysis of the FRDA mice demonstrated that the YG22R and Y47R lines each have a single copy of the FXN transgene while the YG8R line has two copies. Single integration sites of all transgenes were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of metaphase and interphase chromosomes. We identified significant functional deficits, together with a degree of glucose intolerance and insulin hypersensitivity, in YG8R and YG22R FRDA mice compared to Y47R and wild-type control mice. We also confirmed increased somatic GAA repeat instability in the cerebellum and brain of YG22R and YG8R mice, together with significantly reduced levels of FXN mRNA and protein in the brain and liver of YG8R and YG22R compared to Y47R. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Together these studies provide a detailed characterisation of our GAA repeat expansion-based YAC transgenic FRDA mouse models that will help investigations of FRDA disease mechanisms and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anjomani Virmouni
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chiranjeevi Sandi
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Al-Mahdawi
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Pook
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Role of histone deacetylase activity in the developing lateral line neuromast of zebrafish larvae. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e94. [PMID: 24810423 PMCID: PMC3972790 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are involved in many biological processes and have roles in regulating cell behaviors such as cell cycle entry, cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the effect of histone deacetylases on the development of hair cells (HCs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the influence of histone deacetylases on the early development of neuromasts in the lateral line of zebrafish. Hair cell development was evaluated by fluorescent immunostaining in the absence or presence of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Our results suggested that pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases with inhibitors, including trichostatin A, valproic acid and MS-275, reduced the numbers of both HCs and supporting cells in neuromasts. We also found that the treatment of zebrafish larvae with inhibitors caused accumulation of histone acetylation and suppressed proliferation of neuromast cells. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of both p21 and p27 mRNA was increased following trichostatin A treatment and the increase in p53 mRNA was modest under the same conditions. However, the expression of p53 mRNA was significantly increased by treatment with a high concentration of trichostatin A. A high concentration of trichostatin A also led to increased cell death in neuromasts as detected in a TUNEL assay. Moreover, the nuclei of most of these pyknotic cells were immunohistochemically positive for cleaved caspase-3. These results suggest that histone deacetylase activity is involved in lateral line development in the zebrafish and might have a role in neuromast formation by altering cell proliferation through the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins.
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Matilla-Dueñas A, Ashizawa T, Brice A, Magri S, McFarland KN, Pandolfo M, Pulst SM, Riess O, Rubinsztein DC, Schmidt J, Schmidt T, Scoles DR, Stevanin G, Taroni F, Underwood BR, Sánchez I. Consensus paper: pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 13:269-302. [PMID: 24307138 PMCID: PMC3943639 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-013-0539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intensive scientific research devoted in the recent years to understand the molecular mechanisms or neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are identifying new pathways and targets providing new insights and a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in these diseases. In this consensus manuscript, the authors discuss their current views on the identified molecular processes causing or modulating the neurodegenerative phenotype in spinocerebellar ataxias with the common opinion of translating the new knowledge acquired into candidate targets for therapy. The following topics are discussed: transcription dysregulation, protein aggregation, autophagy, ion channels, the role of mitochondria, RNA toxicity, modulators of neurodegeneration and current therapeutic approaches. Overall point of consensus includes the common vision of neurodegeneration in SCAs as a multifactorial, progressive and reversible process, at least in early stages. Specific points of consensus include the role of the dysregulation of protein folding, transcription, bioenergetics, calcium handling and eventual cell death with apoptotic features of neurons during SCA disease progression. Unresolved questions include how the dysregulation of these pathways triggers the onset of symptoms and mediates disease progression since this understanding may allow effective treatments of SCAs within the window of reversibility to prevent early neuronal damage. Common opinions also include the need for clinical detection of early neuronal dysfunction, for more basic research to decipher the early neurodegenerative process in SCAs in order to give rise to new concepts for treatment strategies and for the translation of the results to preclinical studies and, thereafter, in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matilla-Dueñas
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Ctra. de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,
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Arrar M, de Oliveira CAF, Andrew McCammon J. Inactivating mutation in histone deacetylase 3 stabilizes its active conformation. Protein Sci 2013; 22:1306-12. [PMID: 23904210 PMCID: PMC3795489 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs), together with histone acetyltransferases (HATs), regulate gene expression by modulating the acetylation level of chromatin. HDAC3 is implicated in many important cellular processes, particularly in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, making inhibition of HDAC3 a promising epigenetic treatment for certain cancers. HDAC3 is activated upon complex formation with both inositol tetraphosphate (IP4) and the deacetylase-activating domain (DAD) of multi-protein nuclear receptor corepressor complexes. In previous studies, we have shown that binding of DAD and IP4 to HDAC3 significantly restricts its conformational space towards its stable ternary complex conformation, and suggest this to be the active conformation. Here, we report a single mutation of HDAC3 that is capable of mimicking the stabilizing effects of DAD and IP4, without the presence of either. This mutation, however, results in a total loss of deacetylase activity, prompting a closer evaluation of our understanding of the activation of HDAC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Arrar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, California, 92093-0365
| | - Cesar Augusto F de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, California, 92093-0365
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, California, 92093-0365
| | - J Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, California, 92093-0365
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, California, 92093-0365
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Polak U, McIvor E, Dent SY, Wells RD, Napierala M. Expanded complexity of unstable repeat diseases. Biofactors 2013; 39:164-75. [PMID: 23233240 PMCID: PMC4648362 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Unstable repeat diseases (URDs) share a common mutational phenomenon of changes in the copy number of short, tandemly repeated DNA sequences. More than 20 human neurological diseases are caused by instability, predominantly, expansion of microsatellite sequences. Changes in the repeat size initiate a cascade of pathological processes, frequently characteristic of a unique disease or a small subgroup of the URDs. Understanding of both the mechanism of repeat instability and molecular consequences of the repeat expansions is critical to developing successful therapies for these diseases. Recent technological breakthroughs in whole genome, transcriptome and proteome analyses will almost certainly lead to new discoveries regarding the mechanisms of repeat instability, the pathogenesis of URDs, and will facilitate development of novel therapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is to give a general overview of unstable repeats diseases, highlight the complexities of these diseases, and feature the emerging discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Polak
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Science Park, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elizabeth McIvor
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Science Park, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Sharon Y.R. Dent
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Science Park, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Robert D. Wells
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, assing the University Health Science Center, Center for Genome Research, 2121 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marek Napierala
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Science Park, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Marek Napierala, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, SRD 1.134, 1808 Park Road 1C, Smithville, TX 78957, tel. 512-237-6690,
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16
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Wang G, Jiang X, Pu H, Zhang W, An C, Hu X, Liou AKF, Leak RK, Gao Y, Chen J. Scriptaid, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against traumatic brain injury via modulation of PTEN and AKT pathway : scriptaid protects against TBI via AKT. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:124-42. [PMID: 23132328 PMCID: PMC3557358 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of motor and cognitive deficits in young adults for which there is no effective therapy. The present study characterizes the protective effect of a new histone deacetylase inhibitor, Scriptaid (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO), against injury from controlled cortical impact (CCI). Scriptaid elicited a dose-dependent decrease in lesion size at 1.5 to 5.5 mg/kg and a concomitant attenuation in motor and cognitive deficits when delivered 30 minutes postinjury in a model of moderate TBI. Comparable protection was achieved even when treatment was delayed to 12 h postinjury. Furthermore, the protection of motor and cognitive functions was long lasting, as similar improvements were detected 35 days postinjury. The efficacy of Scriptaid (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation) was manifested as an increase in surviving neurons, as well as the number/length of their processes within the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the pericontusional cortex. Consistent with other histone deacetylase inhibitors, Scriptaid treatment prevented the decrease in phospho-AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (p-PTEN) induced by TBI in cortical and CA3 hippocampal neurons. Notably, the p-AKT inhibitor LY294002 attenuated the impact of Scriptaid, providing mechanistic evidence that Scriptaid functions partly by modulating the prosurvival AKT signaling pathway. As Scriptaid offers long-lasting neuronal and behavioral protection, even when delivered 12 h after controlled cortical impact, it is an excellent new candidate for the effective clinical treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- />Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- />Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001 China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hongjian Pu
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chengrui An
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- />Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- />Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
| | - Anthony Kian-Fong Liou
- />Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- />Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
| | - Rehana K. Leak
- />Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- />Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- />Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Jun Chen
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- />Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- />Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
- />Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Genome-wide histone acetylation is altered in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41423. [PMID: 22848491 PMCID: PMC3407195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Huntington's disease (HD; MIM ID #143100), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, transcriptional dysregulation is a key pathogenic feature. Histone modifications are altered in multiple cellular and animal models of HD suggesting a potential mechanism for the observed changes in transcriptional levels. In particular, previous work has suggested an important link between decreased histone acetylation, particularly acetylated histone H3 (AcH3; H3K9K14ac), and downregulated gene expression. However, the question remains whether changes in histone modifications correlate with transcriptional abnormalities across the entire transcriptome. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation paired with microarray hybridization (ChIP-chip), we interrogated AcH3-gene interactions genome-wide in striata of 12-week old wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) R6/2 mice, an HD mouse model, and correlated these interactions with gene expression levels. At the level of the individual gene, we found decreases in the number of sites occupied by AcH3 in the TG striatum. In addition, the total number of genes bound by AcH3 was decreased. Surprisingly, the loss of AcH3 binding sites occurred within the coding regions of the genes rather than at the promoter region. We also found that the presence of AcH3 at any location within a gene strongly correlated with the presence of its transcript in both WT and TG striatum. In the TG striatum, treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increased global AcH3 levels with concomitant increases in transcript levels; however, AcH3 binding at select gene loci increased only slightly. This study demonstrates that histone H3 acetylation at lysine residues 9 and 14 and active gene expression are intimately tied in the rodent brain, and that this fundamental relationship remains unchanged in an HD mouse model despite genome-wide decreases in histone H3 acetylation.
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18
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Chandok GS, Patel MP, Mirkin SM, Krasilnikova MM. Effects of Friedreich's ataxia GAA repeats on DNA replication in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:3964-74. [PMID: 22262734 PMCID: PMC3351192 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a common hereditary degenerative neuro-muscular disorder caused by expansions of the (GAA)n repeat in the first intron of the frataxin gene. The expanded repeats from parents frequently undergo further significant length changes as they are passed on to progeny. Expanded repeats also show an age-dependent instability in somatic cells, albeit on a smaller scale than during intergenerational transmissions. Here we studied the effects of (GAA)n repeats of varying lengths and orientations on the episomal DNA replication in mammalian cells. We have recently shown that the very first round of the transfected DNA replication occurs in the lack of the mature chromatin, does not depend on the episomal replication origin and initiates at multiple single-stranded regions of plasmid DNA. We now found that expanded GAA repeats severely block this first replication round post plasmid transfection, while the subsequent replication cycles are only mildly affected. The fact that GAA repeats affect various replication modes in a different way might shed light on their differential expansions characteristic for FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurangad S. Chandok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Mayank P. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sergei M. Mirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Maria M. Krasilnikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Abstract
The past 25 years have seen enormous progress in the deciphering of the genetic and molecular basis of ataxias, resulting in improved understanding of their pathogenesis. The most significant milestones during this period were the cloning of the genes associated with the common spinocerebellar ataxias, ataxia telangiectasia, and Friedreich ataxia. To date, the causative mutations of more than 30 spinocerebellar ataxias and 20 recessive ataxias have been identified. In addition, there are numerous acquired ataxias with defined molecular causes, so that the entire number of distinct ataxia disorders exceeds 50 and possibly approaches 100. Despite this enormous heterogeneity, a few recurrent pathophysiological themes stand out. These include protein aggregation, failure of protein homeostasis, perturbations in ion channel function, defects in DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The clinical phenotypes of the most common ataxia disorders have been firmly established, and their natural history is being studied in ongoing large observational trials. Effective therapies for ataxias are still lacking. However, novel drug targets are under investigation, and it is expected that there will be an increasing number of therapeutic trials in ataxia.
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20
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Sandi C, Pinto RM, Al-Mahdawi S, Ezzatizadeh V, Barnes G, Jones S, Rusche JR, Gottesfeld JM, Pook MA. Prolonged treatment with pimelic o-aminobenzamide HDAC inhibitors ameliorates the disease phenotype of a Friedreich ataxia mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 42:496-505. [PMID: 21397024 PMCID: PMC3107941 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by GAA repeat expansion within the FXN gene, leading to epigenetic changes and heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing that result in a frataxin protein deficit. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including pimelic o-aminobenzamide compounds 106, 109 and 136, have previously been shown to reverse FXN gene silencing in short-term studies of FRDA patient cells and a knock-in mouse model, but the functional consequences of such therapeutic intervention have thus far not been described. We have now investigated the long-term therapeutic effects of 106, 109 and 136 in our GAA repeat expansion mutation-containing YG8R FRDA mouse model. We show that there is no overt toxicity up to 5 months of treatment and there is amelioration of the FRDA-like disease phenotype. Thus, while the neurological deficits of this model are mild, 109 and 106 both produced an improvement of motor coordination, whereas 109 and 136 produced increased locomotor activity. All three compounds increased global histone H3 and H4 acetylation of brain tissue, but only 109 significantly increased acetylation of specific histone residues at the FXN locus. Effects on FXN mRNA expression in CNS tissues were modest, but 109 significantly increased frataxin protein expression in brain tissue. 109 also produced significant increases in brain aconitase enzyme activity, together with reduction of neuronal pathology of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Overall, these results support further assessment of HDAC inhibitors for treatment of Friedreich ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Sandi
- Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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Pham L, Kaiser B, Romsa A, Schwarz T, Gopalakrishnan R, Jensen ED, Mansky KC. HDAC3 and HDAC7 have opposite effects on osteoclast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12056-65. [PMID: 21324898 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.216853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are negative regulators of transcription. Endochondral bone formation including chondrocyte and osteoblast maturation is regulated by HDACs. Very little is known about the role HDACs play in osteoclast differentiation. It has been previously reported that HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin A and sodium butyrate, suppress osteoclast differentiation through multiple mechanisms. In this study, we report that suppression of HDAC3 expression similar to HDAC inhibitors inhibits osteoclast differentiation, whereas osteoclasts suppressed for HDAC7 expression had accelerated differentiation when compared with control cells. Mitf, a transcription factor, is necessary for osteoclast differentiation. We demonstrate that Mitf and HDAC7 interact in RAW 264 cells and osteoclasts. The transcriptional activity of Mitf is repressed by HDAC7. Lastly, we show that either the amino or the carboxyl terminus of HDAC7 is sufficient for transcriptional repression and that the repression of HDAC7 is insensitive to trichostatin A, indicating that HDAC7 represses Mitf at least in part by deacetylation-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Pham
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Science, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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