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Al-Toubah T, Strosberg J, Hallanger-Johnson J, El-Haddad G. Targeted radionuclide therapy in endocrine-related cancers: advances in the last decade. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187870. [PMID: 38053729 PMCID: PMC10694449 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy plays an increasingly important role in managing endocrine-related tumors and significantly advances the therapeutic landscape for patients with these diseases. With increasing FDA-approved therapies and advances in the field, come an increased knowledge of the potential for long-term toxicities associated with these therapies and the field must develop new strategies to increase potency and efficacy while individualizing the selection of patients to those most likely to respond to treatment. Novel agents and modalities of therapy are also being explored. This review will discuss the current landscape and describe the avenues for growth in the field currently being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymeyah Al-Toubah
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jonathan Strosberg
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Julie Hallanger-Johnson
- Department of Head and Neck - Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ghassan El-Haddad
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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2
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Mortazavi M, Divar M, Damghani T, Moosavi F, Saso L, Pirhadi S, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N, Firuzi O. Study of the anticancer effect of new quinazolinone hydrazine derivatives as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:969559. [PMID: 36465863 PMCID: PMC9713320 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.969559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors has provided an important therapeutic tool for cancer patients. In this study, a series of quinazolinone hydrazide triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel MET (c-MET) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The antiproliferative effect of the synthesized compounds was examined against EBC-1, A549, HT-29 and U-87MG cells by MTT assay. MET kinase inhibitory effect was tested by a Homogenous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The antiproliferative effect of compounds in a three-dimensional spheroid culture was studied by acid phosphatase (APH) assay, while apoptosis induction was examined by Hoechst 33258 staining. We found that compound CM9 bearing p-bromo benzyl pendant inhibited MET kinase activity at the concentrations of 10-50 μM (% Inhibition = 37.1-66.3%). Compound CM9 showed antiproliferative effect against cancer cells, in particular lung cancer cells with MET amplification (EBC-1) with an IC50 value of 8.6 μM. Moreover, this derivative inhibited cell growth in spheroid cultures in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Assessment of inhibitory effect of CM9 against a panel of 18 different protein kinases demonstrated that this compound also inhibits ALK, AXL, FGFR1, FLT1 (VEGFR1) and FLT4 (VEGFR3) more than 50% at 25 μM. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulation corroborated the experimental findings and showed critical structural features for the interactions between CM9 and target kinases. The findings of this study present quinazolinone hydrazide triazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors with considerable anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Divar
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Damghani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Jones R, Holleran J, Parise RA, Rudek MA, Chan J, Wen Y, Gobburu J, Lewis LD, Beumer JH. Quantitation of Cabozantinib in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:274-279. [PMID: 34240176 PMCID: PMC8946687 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To support a phase III randomized trial of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to quantitate cabozantinib in 50 μL of human plasma. After acetonitrile protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was achieved with a Phenomenex synergy polar reverse phase (4 μm, 2 × 50 mm) column and a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water over a 5-min run time. Detection was performed on a Quattromicro quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray, positive-mode ionization. The assay was linear over the concentration range 50-5000 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (103.4-105.4%) and precise (<5.0%CV). Hemolysis (10% RBC) and use of heparin as anticoagulant did not impact quantitation. Recovery from plasma varied between 103.0-107.7% and matrix effect was -47.5 to -41.3%. Plasma freeze-thaw stability (97.7-104.9%), stability for 3 months at -80°C (103.4-111.4%), and stability for 4 h at room temperature (100.1-104.9%) were all acceptable. Incurred sample reanalysis of (N = 64) passed: 100% samples within 20% difference, -0.7% median difference and 1.1% median absolute difference. External validation showed a bias of less than 1.1%. This assay will help further define the clinical pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Jones
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Julianne Holleran
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jennifer Chan
- Dana Farber/Partners CancerCare, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline Ave. Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Yujia Wen
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, 125 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60606 , USA
| | - Joga Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201 , USA
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace St Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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4
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Mitsogiannis I, Tzelves L, Dellis A, Issa H, Papatsoris A, Moussa M. Prostate cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:577-590. [PMID: 35037527 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2027904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical treatment for prostate cancer (PC) targets hormonal pathways used by malignant cells. Research advances aided in gaining knowledge about implicated molecular pathways and opened the way for establishment of new types of therapies by modifying immunological mechanisms. The aim of this review is to present completed and ongoing research projects regarding PC immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ from inception until 07/2021, to identify completed or ongoing Phase III trials regarding several immunotherapies against PC. Studies on vaccine therapies, CTLA-4 inhibitors, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, PSMA-targeted therapies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors were considered eligible. EXPERT OPINION Although many molecules are being tested against PC cells, only sipuleucel-T has gain approval in the USA. The main reason for this delay in establishing immunotherapy as a standard option for managing PC is the heterogeneity and tumor immune microenvironment complexities. Ipilimumab and olaparib were proved to prolong overall survival significantly against placebo, but a lot of research is going on to identify which patients and at what stage of disease will benefit the most before incorporating them in clinical practice. More recent options such as PSMA-targeted treatments are currently evaluated. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Intense research performed on immunotherapy for prostate cancer.Vaccine therapy with sipuleucel-T, the only approved immunotherapy for prostate cancer.Ipilimumab shows survival benefits.Olaparib shows survival benefits.Findings should be confirmed on further trials to identify target population characteristics and proper disease stage.Immunotherapy is not yet a standard due to tumor environment complex interaction between immune system and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraklis Mitsogiannis
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tzelves
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hussein Issa
- Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohammad Moussa
- Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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5
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Repurposing cabozantinib with therapeutic potential in KIT-driven t(8;21) acute myeloid leukaemias. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:519-532. [PMID: 33833412 PMCID: PMC9113930 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is an orally available, multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several solid tumours and known to inhibit KIT tyrosine kinase. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), aberrant KIT tyrosine kinase often coexists with t(8;21) to drive leukaemogenesis. Here we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of cabozantinib on a selected AML subtype characterised by t(8;21) coupled with KIT mutation. Cabozantinib exerted substantial cytotoxicity in Kasumi-1 cells with an IC50 of 88.06 ± 4.32 nM, which was well within clinically achievable plasma levels. The suppression of KIT phosphorylation and its downstream signals, including AKT/mTOR, STAT3, and ERK1/2, was elicited by cabozantinib treatment and associated with subsequent alterations of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related molecules. Cabozantinib also disrupted the synthesis of an AML1-ETO fusion protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In a mouse xenograft model, cabozantinib suppressed tumourigenesis at 10 mg/kg and significantly prolonged survival of the mice. Further RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that mTOR-mediated signalling pathways were substantially inactivated by cabozantinib treatment, causing the downregulation of ribosome biogenesis and glycolysis, along with myeloid leukocyte activation. We suggest that cabozantinib may be effective in the treatment of AML with t(8;21) and KIT mutation. Relevant clinical trials are warranted.
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Fathy U, Abd El Salam HA, Fayed EA, Elgamal AM, Gouda A. Facile synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of a new series of tetrahydroquinoline. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08117. [PMID: 34693052 PMCID: PMC8517157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) is an important structure for synthesizing multiple biologically active derivatives. Thus, we developed new quinoline derivatives and investigated them as anticancer agents. First, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and other techniques were used to confirm the structure of synthesized compounds. Then, they were assessed in vitro against three human cancer cell lines. Consequently, four compounds, 10, 13, 15, and 16, were identified as promising anticancer agents with pyrazolo quinoline derivative (15) exhibiting the highest potential IC50 and a strong apoptotic effect on three cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Fathy
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st. (former EL Tahrir st.), Dokki-Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Hayam A. Abd El Salam
- Green Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st. (former EL Tahrir st.), Dokki-Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Fayed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st. (former EL Tahrir st.), Dokki-Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Nawah Scientific, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Sun MR, Li HL, Ba MY, Cheng W, Zhu HL, Duan YT. Cyclopropyl Scaffold: A Generalist for Marketed Drugs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:150-170. [PMID: 32727325 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729161150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, much attention has been given to cyclopropyl scaffolds, which commonly exist in natural products and synthetic organic molecules. Clinical drug molecules with cyclopropyl rings are an area of focus in therapeutic research due to their interesting chemical properties and unique pharmacology activity. These molecular drugs against different targets are applicable in some therapeutic treatment fields including cancer, infection, respiratory disorder, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, dysphrenia, nervous system disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, skin disease, digestive disorders, urogenital diseases, otolaryngological and dental diseases, and eye diseases. This review is a guide for pharmacologists who are in search of valid preclinical/clinical drug compounds where the progress, from 1961 to the present day, of approved marketed drugs containing cyclopropyl scaffold is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Ran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, China
| | - Meng-Yu Ba
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong-Tao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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Fu YH, Ou DL, Yang YR, Su KW, Chen CY, Tien HF, Lai ZS, Shen CKJ, Chien HF, Lin LI. Cabozantinib promotes erythroid differentiation in K562 erythroleukemia cells through global changes in gene expression and JNK activation. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:784-792. [PMID: 34117374 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor with multiple targets including MET, VEGFR2, RET, KIT, and FLT3. Cabozantinib is widely used for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma. We recently suggested cabozantinib as a potential therapeutic alternative for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Here, we report that cabozantinib can promote differentiation in erythroid leukemia cells. We found that K562 erythroid leukemia cells treated with 1 μM cabozantinib for 72 h underwent erythroid lineage differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that various pathways associated with heme biosynthesis, hemoglobin production, and GATA1 targets were upregulated, whereas cell survival pathways were downregulated. Further examination revealed that cabozantinib-induced erythroid differentiation is at least in part regulated by JNK activation and phosphorylation. Levels of phosphorylated BCR-ABL, AKT, STAT5, ERK, and p38 also decreased following cabozantinib treatment. Therefore, we indicate that cabozantinib has dual functions. First, it induces K562 cell differentiation toward the erythroid lineage by upregulating heme biosynthesis, globin synthesis, and erythroid-associated reactions. Second, cabozantinib inhibits K562 cell proliferation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and the downstream MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Liang Ou
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fan Tien
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Sheng Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Fei Chien
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Magdy G, Belal F, Abdel Hakiem AF, Abdel-Megied AM. Salmon sperm DNA binding study to cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1852-1862. [PMID: 34062156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, the binding interaction of cabozantinib with salmon sperm DNA (SS-DNA) was studied under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4) using fluorescence emission spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, ionic strength measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy, and molecular modeling methods. The obtained experimental data demonstrated an apparent binding interaction of cabozantinib with SS-DNA. The binding constant (Kb) of cabozantinib with SS-DNA evaluated from the Benesi-Hildebrand plot was equal to 5.79 × 105 at 298 K. The entropy and enthalpy changes (∆S0 and ∆H0) in the binding interaction of SS-DNA with cabozantinib were 44.13 J mol-1 K-1 and -19.72 KJ mol-1, respectively, demonstrating that the basic binding interaction forces are hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Results from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, competitive binding interaction with rhodamine B or ethidium bromide, and viscosity measurements revealed that cabozantinib binds to SS-DNA via minor groove binding. The molecular docking results revealed that cabozantinib fits into the AT-rich region of the B-DNA minor groove and the binding site of cabozantinib was 4 base pairs long. Moreover, cabozantinib has eight active torsions, implying a high degree of flexibility in its structure, which played a significant role in the formation of a stable cabozantinib-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt.
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Faried Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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10
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Imidazopyridine hydrazone derivatives exert antiproliferative effect on lung and pancreatic cancer cells and potentially inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases including c-Met. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3644. [PMID: 33574356 PMCID: PMC7878917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of c-Met signalling plays a prominent role in cancer development and progression. A series of 12 imidazo [1,2-α] pyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for c-Met inhibitory potential and anticancer effect. The inhibitory activity of all synthesized compounds against c-Met kinase was evaluated by a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay at the concentration range of 5-25 µM. Derivatives 6d, 6e and 6f bearing methyl, tertiary butyl and dichloro-phenyl moieties on the triazole ring, respectively, were the compounds with the highest potential. They significantly inhibited c-Met by 55.3, 53.0 and 51.3%, respectively, at the concentration of 25 µM. Synthetic compounds showed antiproliferative effects against lung (EBC-1) and pancreatic cancer cells (AsPc-1, Suit-2 and Mia-PaCa-2) expressing different levels of c-Met, with IC50 values as low as 3.0 µM measured by sulforhodamine B assay. Active derivatives significantly blocked c-Met phosphorylation, inhibited cell growth in three-dimensional spheroid cultures and also induced apoptosis as revealed by Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometric assay in AsPc-1 cells. They also inhibited PDGFRA and FLT3 at 25 µM among a panel of 16 kinases. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies corroborated the experimental findings and revealed possible binding modes of the select derivatives with target receptor tyrosine kinases. The results of this study show that some imidazopyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety could be promising molecularly targeted anticancer agents against lung and pancreatic cancers.
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11
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Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ, Firuzi O. Combination of HGF/MET-targeting agents and other therapeutic strategies in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103234. [PMID: 33497758 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MET receptor has emerged as a druggable target across several human cancers. Agents targeting MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) including small molecules such as crizotinib, tivantinib and cabozantinib or antibodies including rilotumumab and onartuzumab have proven their values in different tumors. Recently, capmatinib was approved for treatment of metastatic lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping. In this review, we critically examine the current evidence on how HGF/MET combination therapies may take advantage of synergistic effects, overcome primary or acquired drug resistance, target tumor microenvironment, modulate drug metabolism or tackle pharmacokinetic issues. Preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of HGF/MET-targeted agents with conventional chemotherapeutics or molecularly targeted treatments (including EGFR, VEGFR, HER2, RAF/MEK, and PI3K/Akt targeting agents) and also the value of biomarkers are examined. Our deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying successful pharmacological combinations is crucial to find the best personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Cabozantinib for neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas: a phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2021; 27:165-173. [PMID: 33442015 PMCID: PMC8275010 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are progressive, multicellular neoplasms that cause morbidity and may transform to sarcoma. Treatment of Nf1fl/fl;Postn-Cre mice with cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, caused a reduction in PN size and number and differential modulation of kinases in cell lineages that drive PN growth. Based on these findings, the Neurofibromatosis Clinical Trials Consortium conducted a phase II, open-label, nonrandomized Simon two-stage study to assess the safety, efficacy and biologic activity of cabozantinib in patients ≥16 years of age with NF1 and progressive or symptomatic, inoperable PN ( NCT02101736 ). The trial met its primary outcome, defined as ≥25% of patients achieving a partial response (PR, defined as ≥20% reduction in target lesion volume as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) after 12 cycles of therapy. Secondary outcomes included adverse events (AEs), patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessing pain and quality of life (QOL), pharmacokinetics (PK) and the levels of circulating endothelial cells and cytokines. Eight of 19 evaluable (42%) trial participants achieved a PR. The median change in tumor volume was 15.2% (range, +2.2% to -36.9%), and no patients had disease progression while on treatment. Nine patients required dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy due to AEs; common AEs included gastrointestinal toxicity, hypothyroidism, fatigue and palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia. A total of 11 grade 3 AEs occurred in eight patients. Patients with PR had a significant reduction in tumor pain intensity and pain interference in daily life but no change in global QOL scores. These data indicate that cabozantinib is active in NF1-associated PN, resulting in tumor volume reduction and pain improvement.
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Fang P, Zhou L, Lim LY, Fu H, Yuan ZX, Lin J. Targeting Strategies for Renal Cancer Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1964-1978. [PMID: 32188377 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200318153106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an intractable genitourinary malignancy that accounts for approximately 4% of adult malignancies. Currently, there is no approved targeted therapy for RCC that has yielded durable remissions, and they remain palliative in intent. Emerging evidence has indicated that renal tumorigenesis and RCC treatment-resistance may originate from renal cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-initiating capacity (CSC hypothesis). A better understanding of the mechanism underlying renal CSCs will help to dissect RCC heterogeneity and drug treatment efficiency, to promote more personalized and targeted therapies. In this review, we summarized the stem cell characteristics of renal CSCs. We outlined the targeting strategies and challenges associated with developing therapies that target renal CSCs angiogenesis, immunosuppression, signaling pathways, surface biomarkers, microRNAs and nanomedicine. In conclusion, CSCs are an important role in renal carcinogenesis and represent a valid target for treatment of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lee Y Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Cabozantinib, a Multityrosine Kinase Inhibitor of MET and VEGF Receptors Which Suppresses Mouse Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:5905269. [PMID: 32655941 PMCID: PMC7322600 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5905269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries and is particularly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cabozantinib (CBZ) hinders the activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor angiogenesis, such as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of CBZ in a mouse laser-induced CNV model. In zebrafish embryos, CBZ perturbed intersegmental vessel (ISV) formation without obvious neurodevelopment impairment. In the mouse laser-induced CNV model, phosphorylated hepatocyte growth factor receptor (p-MET) and phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (p-VEGFR2) were increased in the CNV region. CBZ intravitreal injection or oral gavage alleviated CNV leakage and the CNV lesion area without obvious intraocular toxicity, as well as disturbed the phosphorylation of MET and VEGFR2. Additionally, CBZ downregulated the expression of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with no effect on the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). CBZ downregulated HGF, p-MET, and p-VEGFR2 expressions in vitro, as well as inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of b-End3 cells. In summary, CBZ alleviates mouse CNV formation possibly via inhibiting the activation of MET and VEGFR2. The findings provide a novel potential therapy method for CNV patients.
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Wang G, Gao J, Lv J, Chen X, Wu J, Wang R, Jiang J. Effective Treatment with Cabozantinib in an Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patient Harboring a CD74-ROS1 Fusion: A Case Report. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1171-1177. [PMID: 32103985 PMCID: PMC7023875 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib has been shown to have potent anti-ROS1 activity in many solid malignancies, particularly against those with solvent-front resistance mutations following crizotinib therapy. With regard to the most common CD74-ROS1 fusion, the efficacy of cabozantinib has only been demonstrated in vitro. Therefore, we evaluate the efficacy of cabozantinib in a patient with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a CD74-ROS1 fusion in the present study. A 40-year-old female patient presented with 1-month history of cough, white sputum and chest pain. Chest CT scan revealed a consolidation in the middle lobe of the right lung together with multiple cavity lesions spreading in both lungs. Histopathological analysis of biopsy samples from the lesion in the middle lobe of the right lung suggested lung adenocarcinoma. After two lines of chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI therapy, a CD74-ROS1 rearrangement was detected and the patient was administered with cabozantinib for 1.5 years. Since cabozantinib resistance developed, crizotinib therapy was applied and demonstrated clinical effectiveness until now. Together, we report the first case of cabozantinib effectiveness in treating a CD74-ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC patient. Crizotinib remained as an effective therapeutic option following the acquisition of cabozantinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker, High-Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Gao
- Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker, High-Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker, High-Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Del Rivero J, Donahue RN, Marté JL, Gramza AW, Bilusic M, Rauckhorst M, Cordes L, Merino MJ, Dahut WL, Schlom J, Gulley JL, Madan RA. A Case Report of Sequential Use of a Yeast-CEA Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine and Anti-PD-L1 Inhibitor in Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:490. [PMID: 32849281 PMCID: PMC7427000 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) accounts for ~4% of all thyroid malignancies. MTC derives from the neural crest and secretes calcitonin (CTN) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Unlike differentiated thyroid cancer, MTC does not uptake iodine and I-131 RAI (radioactive iodine) treatment is ineffective. Patients with metastatic disease are candidates for FDA-approved agents with either vandetanib or cabozantinib; however, adverse effects limit their use. There are ongoing trials exploring the role of less toxic immunotherapies in patients with MTC. We present a 61-year-old male with the diagnosis of MTC and persistent local recurrence despite multiple surgeries. He was started on sunitinib, but ultimately its use was limited by toxicity. He then presented to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and was enrolled on a clinical trial with heat-killed yeast-CEA vaccine (NCT01856920) and his calcitonin doubling time improved in 3 months. He then came off vaccine for elective surgery. After surgery, his calcitonin was rising and he enrolled on a phase I trial of avelumab, a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor (NCT01772004). Thereafter, his calcitonin decreased > 40% on 5 consecutive evaluations. His tumor was subsequently found to express PD-L1. CEA-specific T cells were increased following vaccination, and a number of potential immune-enhancing changes were noted in the peripheral immunome over the course of sequential immunotherapy treatment. Although calcitonin declines do not always directly correlate with clinical responses, this response is noteworthy and highlights the potential for immunotherapy or sequential immunotherapy in metastatic or unresectable MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydira Del Rivero
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L Marté
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ann W Gramza
- Medstar Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marijo Bilusic
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Myrna Rauckhorst
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Cordes
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Al-Bedeary S, Getta H, Al-Sharafi D. The hallmarks of cancer and their therapeutic targeting in current use and clinical trials. IRAQI JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijh.ijh_24_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising anti-cancer approach: functions, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:153. [PMID: 31684958 PMCID: PMC6827209 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy for cancer has been a research hotspot for decades. AXL is a member of the TAM family with the high-affinity ligand growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6). The Gas6/AXL signalling pathway is associated with tumour cell growth, metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, drug resistance, immune regulation and stem cell maintenance. Different therapeutic agents targeting AXL have been developed, typically including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nucleotide aptamers, soluble receptors, and several natural compounds. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive discussion of the structure, function, regulation, and signalling pathways of AXL. Then, we highlight recent strategies for targeting AXL in the treatment of cancer.AXL-targeted drugs, either as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy or other small molecule inhibitors, are likely to improve the survival of many patients. However, future investigations into AXL molecular signalling networks and robust predictive biomarkers are warranted to select patients who could receive clinical benefit and to avoid potential toxicities.
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De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Guardascione M, Foltran L, Di Raimo T, Angelini F, D’Andrea M, Toffoli G. Pharmacogenetics of the systemic treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3870-3896. [PMID: 31413525 PMCID: PMC6689804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i29.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers. To date, most patients with HCC are diagnosed at an advanced tumor stage, excluding them from potentially curative therapies (i.e., resection, liver transplantation, percutaneous ablation). Treatments with palliative intent include chemoembolization and systemic therapy. Among systemic treatments, the small-molecule multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has been the only systemic treatment available for advanced HCC over 10 years. More recently, other small-molecule multikinase inhibitors (e.g., regorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib) have been approved for HCC treatment. The promising immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) are still under investigation in Europe while in the US nivolumab has already been approved by FDA in sorafenib refractory or resistant patients. Other molecules, such as the selective CDK4/6inhibitors (e.g., palbociclib, ribociclib), are in earlier stages of clinical development, and the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib did not show positive results in a phase III study. However, even if the introduction of targeted agents has led to great advances in patient response and survival with an acceptable toxicity profile, a remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity in therapy outcome persists and constitutes a significant problem in disease management. Thus, the identification of biomarkers that predict which patients will benefit from a specific intervention could significantly affect decision-making and therapy planning. Germ-line variants have been suggested to play an important role in determining outcomes of HCC systemic therapy in terms of both toxicity and treatment efficacy. Particularly, a number of studies have focused on the role of genetic polymorphisms impacting the drug metabolic pathway and membrane translocation as well as the drug mechanism of action as predictive/prognostic markers of HCC treatment. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss the pharmacogenetic literature evidences, with particular attention to sorafenib and regorafenib, which have been used longer than the others in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Mattia
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Luisa Foltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Tania Di Raimo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Anatomic Pathology Unit, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Anatomic Pathology Unit, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Mario D’Andrea
- Department of Oncology, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
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Synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of some fused indazoles, quinazolines and quinolines as potential EGFR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102985. [PMID: 31121559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
derivatives of benzo[g]indazole 5a, b, benzo[h]quinazoline 7, 12a-c, 13a-c and 15a-c and benzo[h]quinoline 17a-c and 19a-c were synthesized from 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1). Anticancer activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against four cancerous cell lines; HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and Caco-2. MCF-7 cells emerged as the most sensitive cell line against the target compounds. All the examined compounds, except 5a and 5b, displayed potent to moderate anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 values ranging from 7.21 to 21.55 µM. In particular, compounds 15c and 19b emerged as the most potent derivatives against EGFR-expressing MCF-7 cells with IC50 values = 7.70 ± 0.39 and 7.21 ± 0.43 μM, respectively. Additionally, both compounds did not display any significant cytotoxicity towards normal BHK-21 fibroblast cells (IC50 value > 200 µM), thereby providing a good safety profile as anticancer agents. Furthermore, compounds 15c and 19b displayed potent inhibitory activity towards EGFR in the sub-micromolar range (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.01 and 0.14 ± 0.01 μM, respectively), compared to that of Erlotinib (IC50 = 0.11 ± 0.01 μM). Docking studies for 15c and 19b into EGFR active site was carried out to explore their potential binding modes. Therefore, compounds 15c and 19b can be considered as interesting candidates for further development of more potent anticancer agents.
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Liu J, Liu Y, Hao X, Wang Y, Ji J, Liu Y, Ding S, Chen Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4‐phenoxypyridine derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800338. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationCollege of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Shi Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of Pharmacy Liaoning UniversityShenyang P. R. China
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22
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Namba K, Shien K, Takahashi Y, Torigoe H, Sato H, Yoshioka T, Takeda T, Kurihara E, Ogoshi Y, Yamamoto H, Soh J, Tomida S, Toyooka S. Activation of AXL as a Preclinical Acquired Resistance Mechanism Against Osimertinib Treatment in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:499-507. [PMID: 30463991 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osimertinib (AZD9291) has an efficacy superior to that of standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the first-line treatment of patients with EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients treated with osimertinib eventually acquire drug resistance, and novel therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired resistance are needed. In clinical or preclinical models, several mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib have been elucidated. However, the acquired resistance mechanisms when osimertinib is initially used for EGFR-mutant NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we experimentally established acquired osimertinib-resistant cell lines from EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell lines and investigated the molecular profiles of resistant cells to uncover the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Various resistance mechanisms were identified, including the acquisition of MET amplification, EMT induction, and the upregulation of AXL. Using targeted next-generation sequencing with a multigene panel, no secondary mutations were detected in our resistant cell lines. Among three MET-amplified cell lines, one cell line was sensitive to a combination of osimertinib and crizotinib. Acquired resistance cell lines derived from H1975 harboring the T790M mutation showed AXL upregulation, and the cell growth of these cell lines was suppressed by a combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including AXL, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that AXL might be a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib. IMPLICATIONS: Upregulation of AXL is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib, and combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib might be a key treatment for overcoming osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Namba
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidejiro Torigoe
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kurihara
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogoshi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Biobank, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast, and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Del Rivero J, Edgerly M, Ward J, Madan RA, Balasubramaniam S, Fojo T, Gramza AW. Phase I/II Trial of Vandetanib and Bortezomib in Adults with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Oncologist 2018; 24:16-e14. [PMID: 30297385 PMCID: PMC6324636 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned. Vandetanib at a dose of 300 mg orally every day plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 could be administered safely. Assessing outcomes in 17 patients with medullary thyroid cancer, investigators considered the combination to be more difficult to administer than single‐agent vandetanib and that achieving better outcomes was unlikely. Consequently, a planned phase II study was terminated early.
Background. The proto‐oncogene RET (REarranged during Transfection) has a critical role in the pathogenesis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Vandetanib (V), a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of MTC, is thought to inhibit RET in MTC. Supported by preclinical studies demonstrating that bortezomib (B) administration lowered RET mRNA and protein levels, we conducted a phase I study in advanced solid tumors of vandetanib in combination with bortezomib. The goal was to establish an RP2D (recommended phase II dose) for the combination of vandetanib plus bortezomib, a regimen envisioned as a dual strategy for targeting RET in MTC. Methods. Patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with escalating doses of bortezomib or vandetanib to assess the safety and tolerability of daily oral vandetanib and intravenous (IV) bortezomib administered on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 28‐day cycle. Intrapatient dose escalation was allowed. Results. Twenty‐two patients were enrolled and received escalating mg/m2 bortezomib and mg vandetanib (number of patients) at initial doses of 1 and 100 (3), 1.3 and 100 (6), 1.3 and 200 (6), and 1.3 and 300 (7), respectively. Patients received a median of four cycles of bortezomib/vandetanib (range: 1–10), with 13 patients escalating to 1.3/200 and 10 to 1.3/300. G3 toxicities occurring in more than one patient included hypertension (24%), fatigue (19%), thrombocytopenia (10%), diarrhea (10%), and arthralgia (10%). There were no drug‐related G4/5 toxicities. There was one dose‐limiting toxicity, G3 thrombocytopenia, at bortezomib/vandetanib doses of 1.3/200 in cycle 2 that resolved without intervention. Four patients with a diagnosis of MTC (27%) had a partial response (PR). Conclusion. The MTD of the combination was established as bortezomib, 1.3 mg/m2 IV days 1, 4, 8, and 11 with vandetanib 300 mg p.o. daily. RECIST responses were observed in patients with a diagnosis of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydira Del Rivero
- Medical Oncology Service/Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen Edgerly
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean Ward
- Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies, Branch Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tito Fojo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York New York, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ann W Gramza
- Medstar Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Di Nunno V, Cimadamore A, Santoni M, Scarpelli M, Fiorentino M, Ciccarese C, Iacovelli R, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Massari F, Montironi R. Biological issues with cabozantinib in bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2559-2564. [PMID: 30141348 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Phase I Trial of Anti-MET Monoclonal Antibody in MET-Overexpressed Refractory Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cabozantinib Affects Osteosarcoma Growth Through A Direct Effect On Tumor Cells and Modifications In Bone Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520051 PMCID: PMC5843583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. Due to its high heterogeneity and to survival signals from bone microenvironment, OS can resist to standard treatments, therefore novel therapies are needed. c-MET oncogene, a tyrosine-kinase receptor, plays a crucial role in OS initiation and progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of c-MET inhibitor cabozantinib (CBZ) on OS both directly and through its action on bone microenvironment. We tested different doses of CBZ in in vitro models of OS alone or in co-culture with bone cells in order to reproduce OS-tumor microenvironment interactions. CBZ is able to decrease proliferation and migration of OS cells, inhibiting ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, CBZ leads to the inhibition of the proliferation of OS cells expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), due to its effect on bone microenvironment, where it causes an overproduction of osteoprotegerin and a decrease of production of RANK ligand by osteoblasts. Overall, our data demonstrate that CBZ might represent a new potential treatment against OS, affecting both OS cells and their microenvironment. In this scenario, RANK expression in OS cells could represent a predictive factor of better response to CBZ treatment.
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Rabinowits G, Lezcano C, Catalano PJ, McHugh P, Becker H, Reilly MM, Huang J, Tyagi A, Thakuria M, Bresler SC, Sholl LM, Shapiro GI, Haddad R, DeCaprio JA. Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Oncologist 2018; 23:814-821. [PMID: 29445030 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to determine the efficacy and safety profile of cabozantinib in patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This prospective, phase II, single-institution trial enrolled patients with platinum-failure, recurrent/metastatic MCC to receive cabozantinib 60 mg orally daily until disease progression, withdrawal from study, or severe toxicity. The primary endpoint was disease control rate. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Immunohistochemistry for VEGFR-2, MET, and HGF expression and next-generation sequencing of tumor tissue were performed and correlated with outcome. RESULTS Eight patients were accrued from January 24, 2014, to June 8, 2016. The study was closed prematurely because of toxicity and lack of responses. The most frequent adverse events were grades 1 and 2 and included anorexia, fatigue, nausea, hypothyroidism, and dysgeusia. Two patients developed nonhealing, painful ulcers and tumor-skin fistula. One patient had stable disease for 8 months. One patient withdrew from the study after 2 weeks of therapy because of adverse events. Three patients required dose reduction because of toxicity. Median PFS and OS were 2.1 and 11.2 months, respectively. No expression of MET, HGF, or VEGFR-2 was identified in tumor cells by immunohistochemistry of patients' tissue samples. CONCLUSION Cabozantinib was poorly tolerated and did not demonstrate activity in patients with recurrent/metastatic, platinum-failure MCC. It is unclear whether preselection of patients with the specific upregulation or genetic alteration in the targets for cabozantinib would have changed the results of this study. (Clinical trial identification number: NCT02036476) IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This phase II study demonstrated poor tolerability and lack of activity of cabozantinib in an unselected group of patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. Although it is unclear whether preselection of patients with the specific upregulation and genetic alterations in targets for cabozantinib would have changed the results of this study, this would have likely led to an extremely rare patient population that would take many years to accrue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rabinowits
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul J Catalano
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia McHugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hailey Becker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan M Reilly
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayushi Tyagi
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manisha Thakuria
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott C Bresler
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo activity of a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, AL3810, against human thyroid cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1533-1542. [PMID: 28795691 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine neoplasia. Despite recent breakthroughs in treatment of the disease, the treatment of advanced, progressive thyroid cancers remains challenging with limited therapeutic options available. In this study, we evaluated a novel and orally bioavailable small-molecule multiple tyrosine kinases inhibitor, AL3810, in preclinical models of thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. AL3810 (2-5 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of human thyroid cancer cell lines TT, SW579 and TPC-1 in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 7.03 μmol/L. Specifically, this agent dose-dependently arrested the thyroid cancer cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AL3810 dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of SW579 and TPC-1 cells in vitro. In SW579 and TT xenograft models, oral administration of AL3810 (5-20 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 21 d potently inhibited the tumor growth; immunohistochemical staining revealed that the antitumor activity of AL3810 was closely correlated with its anti-angiogenesis effect, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction of microvessels in tumor tissues. To assess the therapeutic potential of AL3810 in treating thyroid cancer involving RET gene fusion, we showed that AL3810 (1-10 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of RET-driven Baf3 cell line Baf3-CCDC6-RET, and the auto-phosphorylation of RET in these cells. Our data suggest that AL3810 is a promising agent for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives containing 3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4475-4486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Cochin V, Gross-Goupil M, Ravaud A, Godbert Y, Le Moulec S. [Cabozantinib: Mechanism of action, efficacy and indications]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:393-401. [PMID: 28477875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (ITK): VEGFR2, c-MET and RET. Inhibition of VEGFR and c-MET decrease resistance of VEGFR inhibitor via c-MET axis. Cabozantinib improve progression-free survival (PFS) in progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC): 4 months in the placebo group and 11.2 months in the cabozantinib group (P<0.001) in all patient subgroups including those with or without prior ITK and RET mutation status. Cabozantinib increased overall survival (OS) compared with everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who progressed after previous VEGFR ITK treatment: 21.4 months in cabozantinib group and 16.5 months in everolimus group (P<0.0003). Cabozantinib obtained the AMM for the treatment of progressive metastatic MTC and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cabozantinib is a new option in the treatment of MTC by inclusion in therapeutic trials (no payment in this indication) and advanced renal cell carcinoma (hospital delivery). Its tolerance is similar to anti-angiogenic therapies and justifies an optimal management of the secondary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cochin
- Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Bordeaux, hôpital Saint-André, 01, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux cedex, France.
| | - Marine Gross-Goupil
- Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Bordeaux, hôpital Saint-André, 01, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Alain Ravaud
- Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Bordeaux, hôpital Saint-André, 01, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Yann Godbert
- Institut Bergonié, centre de lutte contre le cancer de Bordeaux, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Sylvestre Le Moulec
- Institut Bergonié, centre de lutte contre le cancer de Bordeaux, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Wakelee HA, Gettinger S, Engelman J, Jänne PA, West H, Subramaniam DS, Leach J, Wax M, Yaron Y, Miles DR, Lara PN. A phase Ib/II study of cabozantinib (XL184) with or without erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:923-932. [PMID: 28352985 PMCID: PMC5403837 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cabozantinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor that targets MET, AXL, and VEGFR2, and may synergize with EGFR inhibition in NSCLC. Cabozantinib was assessed alone or in combination with erlotinib in patients with progressive NSCLC and EGFR mutations who had previously received erlotinib. METHODS This was a phase Ib/II study (NCT00596648). The primary objectives of phase I were to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics and to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of cabozantinib plus erlotinib in patients who failed prior erlotinib treatment. In phase II, patients with prior response or stable disease with erlotinib who progressed were randomized to single-agent cabozantinib 100 mg qd vs cabozantinib 100 mg qd and erlotinib 50 mg qd (phase I MTD), with a primary objective of estimating objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Sixty-four patients were treated in phase I. Doses of 100 mg cabozantinib plus 50 mg erlotinib, or 40 mg cabozantinib plus 150 mg erlotinib were determined to be MTDs. Diarrhea was the most frequent dose-limiting toxicity and the most frequent AE (87.5% of patients). The ORR for phase I was 8.2% (90% CI 3.3-16.5). In phase II, one patient in the cabozantinib arm (N = 15) experienced a partial response, for an ORR of 6.7% (90% CI 0.3-27.9), with no responses for cabozantinib plus erlotinib (N = 13). There was no evidence that co-administration of cabozantinib markedly altered erlotinib pharmacokinetics or vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Despite responses with cabozantinib/erlotinib in phase I, there were no responses in the combination arm of phase II in patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib. Cabozantinib did not appear to re-sensitize these patients to erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Wakelee
- Stanford Cancer Institute, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Rm 2233, Stanford, CA, 94305-5826, USA.
| | | | | | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Deepa S Subramaniam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Leach
- Park Nicollet Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Wax
- Summit Medical Group, Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Primo N Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Valerio L, Pieruzzi L, Giani C, Agate L, Bottici V, Lorusso L, Cappagli V, Puleo L, Matrone A, Viola D, Romei C, Ciampi R, Molinaro E, Elisei R. Targeted Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: State of the Art. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:316-324. [PMID: 28318881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer typically has a good outcome following standard treatments, which include surgery, radioactive iodine ablation for differentiated tumours and treatment with thyrotropine hormone-suppressive levothyroxine. Thyroid cancers that persist or recur following these therapies have a poorer prognosis. Cytotoxic chemotherapy or external beam radiotherapy has a low efficacy in these patients. 'Target therapy' with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent an important therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced cases of radioiodine refractory (RAI-R) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and possibly for cases of poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). In the last few years, several TKIs have been tested for the treatment of advanced, progressive and RAI-R thyroid cancers and some of them have been recently approved for use in clinical practice: sorafenib and lenvatinib for DTC and PDTC; vandetanib and cabozantinib for MTC. The objective of this overview is to present the current status of the treatment of advanced DTC, MTC, PDTC and ATC with the use of TKIs by describing the benefits and the limits of their use. A comprehensive analysis and description of the molecular basis of these drugs and the new therapeutic perspectives are also reported. Some practical suggestions are also given for the management to the potential side-effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valerio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pieruzzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Giani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Agate
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Bottici
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Lorusso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Cappagli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Puleo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Matrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Viola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Romei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Ciampi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Molinaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Elisei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Hutson TE, Thoreson GR, Figlin RA, Rini BI. The Evolution of Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:113-7. [PMID: 27249692 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_158892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a dynamic process that has seen considerable change in recent years. We have seen a rebirth of original breakthroughs with immune checkpoint inhibitors showing promise in patients with treatment-refractory disease. The optimal sequencing of treatments and incorporation of novel therapeutics are actively being investigated and have yet to be determined. The clinical challenges of this evolving treatment paradigm can be attributed to cost considerations, toxicity, and defining endpoints in the management of advanced RCC. As novel therapeutics emerge, finding the optimal treatment regimen for patients will have an increasing focus on patient-centered outcomes and improvement in quality of life in addition to improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Hutson
- From the Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan TX; Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; US Oncology, Texas Oncology, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gregory R Thoreson
- From the Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan TX; Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; US Oncology, Texas Oncology, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert A Figlin
- From the Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan TX; Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; US Oncology, Texas Oncology, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brian I Rini
- From the Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan TX; Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; US Oncology, Texas Oncology, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
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Gebreyohannes YK, Schöffski P, Van Looy T, Wellens J, Vreys L, Cornillie J, Vanleeuw U, Aftab DT, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Wozniak A. Cabozantinib Is Active against Human Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Xenografts Carrying Different KIT Mutations. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2845-2852. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sustained inhibition of cMET-VEGFR2 signaling using liposome-mediated delivery increases efficacy and reduces toxicity in kidney cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1853-1861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
As a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, sunitinib has carved its way into demonstrating itself as a most effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Mechanistically, sunitinib inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, especially those involved in angiogenesis, that is, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and proto-oncogene cKIT. Sunitinib has also been implicated in enhancing cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood, but both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms are thought to be involved. While the side effects are manageable, sunitinib, like many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, can be associated with serious toxicities that require careful management including frequent dose reductions. Although still in the early stage, emerging evidence points to an immunomodulatory role for sunitinib. It is also likely to contribute to the overall outcomes, especially those seen in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and such effects are thought to be mediated by the proto-oncogene cKIT receptor. Combination with other modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, therapeutic vaccines, and checkpoint inhibitors is being pursued for improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Hao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Sadek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Sherman SI, Clary DO, Elisei R, Schlumberger MJ, Cohen EEW, Schöffski P, Wirth LJ, Mangeshkar M, Aftab DT, Brose MS. Correlative analyses of RET and RAS mutations in a phase 3 trial of cabozantinib in patients with progressive, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:3856-3864. [PMID: 27525386 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabozantinib significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus a placebo in patients with progressive, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC; P < .001). An exploratory analysis of phase 3 trial data evaluated the influence of rearranged during transfection (RET) and RAS (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) mutations on cabozantinib clinical activity. METHODS Patients (n = 330) were randomized to cabozantinib (140 mg/day) or a placebo. The primary endpoint was PFS. Additional outcome measures included PFS, objective response rates (ORRs), and adverse events in RET and RAS mutation subgroups. RESULTS Among all study patients, 51.2% were RET mutation-positive (38.2% with RET M918T), 34.8% were RET mutation-unknown, and 13.9% were RET mutation-negative. Sixteen patients were RAS mutation-positive. Cabozantinib appeared to prolong PFS versus the placebo in the RET mutation-positive subgroup (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.38; P < .0001), the RET mutation-unknown subgroup (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P = .0001), and the RAS mutation-positive subgroup (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-1.10; P = .0317). The RET M918T subgroup achieved the greatest observed PFS benefit from cabozantinib versus the placebo (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08-0.28; P < .0001). The ORRs for RET mutation-positive, RET mutation-negative, and RAS mutation-positive patients were 32%, 22%, and 31%, respectively. No PFS benefit was observed in patients lacking both RET and RAS mutations, although the ORR was 21%. The safety profile for all subgroups was similar to that for the overall cabozantinib arm. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cabozantinib provides the greatest clinical benefit to patients with MTC who have RET M918T or RAS mutations. However, a prospective trial is needed to confirm the relation between genetic variation and the response to cabozantinib. Cancer 2016;122:3856-3864. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven I Sherman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Lori J Wirth
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Marcia S Brose
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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VON KLOT CHRISTOPHAJ, MERSEBURGER AXELS, KUCZYK MARKUSA. Novel therapeutic options for second-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:903-908. [PMID: 27313856 PMCID: PMC4888023 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has gained a variety of therapeutic options since the introduction of targeted therapy, starting in 2007. The basic molecular mechanisms included predominantly the targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor or the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Recently, results from two randomized controlled trials, the CheckMate-25 and the METEOR trial, regarding therapy for RCC in the second-line setting have been published. In the present review, the current status of second-line therapy in mRCC is discussed, together with results from the two newly introduced substances, nivolumab and cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHRISTOPH-A. J. VON KLOT
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - AXEL S. MERSEBURGER
- Department of Urology, Campus Lübeck University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - MARKUS A. KUCZYK
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Ajmal MR, Abdelhameed AS, Alam P, Khan RH. Interaction of new kinase inhibitors cabozantinib and tofacitinib with human serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. A comprehensive spectroscopic and molecular Docking approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 159:199-208. [PMID: 26851488 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we have investigated the interaction of newly approved kinase inhibitors namely Cabozantinib (CBZ) and Tofacitinib (TFB) with human Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) under simulated physiological conditions using fluorescence quenching measurements, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering and molecular docking methods. CBZ and TFB binds to AAG with significant affinity and the calculated binding constant for the drugs lie in the order of 10(4). With the increase in temperature the binding constant values decreased for both CBZ and TFB. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from AAG to CBZ and TFB suggested the fluorescence intensity of AAG was quenched by the two studied drugs via the formation of a non-fluorescent complex in the static manner. The molecular distance r value calculated from FRET is around 2 nm for both drugs, fluorescence spectroscopy data was employed for the study of thermodynamic parameters, standard Gibbs free energy change at 300 K was calculated as -5.234 kcal mol(-1) for CBZ-AAG interaction and -6.237 kcal mol(-1) for TFB-AAG interaction, standard enthalpy change and standard entropy change for CBZ-AAG interaction are -9.553 kcal mol(-1) and -14.618 cal mol(-1) K(-1) respectively while for AAG-TFB interaction, standard enthalpy and standard entropy change was calculated as 4.019 kcal mol(-1) and 7.206 cal mol(-1) K(-1) respectively. Protein binding of the two drugs caused the tertiary structure alterations. Dynamic light scattering measurements demonstrated the reduction in the hydrodynamic radii of the protein. Furthermore molecular docking results suggested the Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding were the interactive forces in the binding process of CBZ to AAG while in case of TFB only hydrophobic interactions were found to be involved, overlap of the binding site for two studied drugs on the AAG molecule was revealed by docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan Ajmal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ali Saber Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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40
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Lu JW, Wang AN, Liao HA, Chen CY, Hou HA, Hu CY, Tien HF, Ou DL, Lin LI. Cabozantinib is selectively cytotoxic in acute myeloid leukemia cells with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Cancer Lett 2016; 376:218-25. [PMID: 27060207 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that exhibits anti-tumor activity in several cancers. We found that cabozantinib was significantly cytotoxic to MV4-11 and Molm-13 cells that harbored FLT3-ITD, resulting in IC50 values of 2.4 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. However, K562, OCI-AML3 and THP-1 (leukemia cell lines lacking FLT3-ITD) were resistant to cabozantinib, showing IC50 values in the micromolar range. Cabozantinib arrested MV4-11 cell growth at the G0/G1 phase within 24 h, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of FLT3, STAT5, AKT and ERK. Additionally, cabozantinib induced MV4-11 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (as indicated by annexin V staining and high levels of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP-1), down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein survivin and up-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein Bak. Thus, cabozantinib is selectively cytotoxic to leukemia cells with FLT3-ITD, causing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In mouse xenograft model, cabozantinib significantly inhibited MV4-11 and Molm-13 tumor growth at a dosage of 10 mg/kg and showed longer survival rate. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of cabozantinib in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-ITD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Ni Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-An Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fan Tien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Liang Ou
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Marino R, Orlandi F, Arecco F, Gandolfo S, Pentenero M. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient receiving cabozantinib. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:528-31. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Marino
- Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit; Department of Oncology; University of Turin; Italy
| | - F Orlandi
- Endocrine Unit; Department of Oncology; University of Turin; Italy
| | - F Arecco
- Endocrine Unit; Department of Oncology; University of Turin; Italy
| | - S Gandolfo
- Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit; Department of Oncology; University of Turin; Italy
| | - M Pentenero
- Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit; Department of Oncology; University of Turin; Italy
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Garajová I, Giovannetti E, Biasco G, Peters GJ. c-Met as a Target for Personalized Therapy. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2015. [PMID: 26628860 DOI: 10.4137/togog.s30534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MET and its ligand HGF are involved in many biological processes, both physiological and pathological, making this signaling pathway an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. Downstream signaling effects are transmitted via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase protein kinase B)/AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT), and nuclear factor-κB. The final output of the terminal effector components of these pathways is activation of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes leading to increases in cell proliferation, survival, mobilization and invasive capacity. In addition to its role as an oncogenic driver, increasing evidence implicates MET as a common mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies including EGFR and VEGFR inhibitors. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the HGF-MET signaling pathway in cancer and its therapeutic targeting (HGF activation inhibitors, HGF inhibitors, MET antagonists and selective/nonselective MET kinase inhibitors). Recent advances in understanding the role of this pathway in the resistance to current anticancer strategies used in lung, kidney and pancreatic cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garajová
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Garajová I, Giovannetti E, Biasco G, Peters GJ. c-Met as a Target for Personalized Therapy. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2015; 7:13-31. [PMID: 26628860 PMCID: PMC4659440 DOI: 10.4137/tog.s30534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MET and its ligand HGF are involved in many biological processes, both physiological and pathological, making this signaling pathway an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. Downstream signaling effects are transmitted via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase protein kinase B)/AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT), and nuclear factor-κB. The final output of the terminal effector components of these pathways is activation of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes leading to increases in cell proliferation, survival, mobilization and invasive capacity. In addition to its role as an oncogenic driver, increasing evidence implicates MET as a common mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies including EGFR and VEGFR inhibitors. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the HGF-MET signaling pathway in cancer and its therapeutic targeting (HGF activation inhibitors, HGF inhibitors, MET antagonists and selective/nonselective MET kinase inhibitors). Recent advances in understanding the role of this pathway in the resistance to current anticancer strategies used in lung, kidney and pancreatic cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garajová
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Viola D, Cappagli V, Matrone A, Mazzeo S, Elisei R. Cabozantinib: an orphan drug for thyroid cancer. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, Mainwaring PN, Rini BI, Donskov F, Hammers H, Hutson TE, Lee JL, Peltola K, Roth BJ, Bjarnason GA, Géczi L, Keam B, Maroto P, Heng DYC, Schmidinger M, Kantoff PW, Borgman-Hagey A, Hessel C, Scheffold C, Schwab GM, Tannir NM, Motzer RJ. Cabozantinib versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1814-23. [PMID: 26406150 PMCID: PMC5024539 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1510016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 884] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabozantinib is an oral, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) as well as MET and AXL, each of which has been implicated in the pathobiology of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma or in the development of resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. This randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy of cabozantinib, as compared with everolimus, in patients with renal-cell carcinoma that had progressed after VEGFR-targeted therapy. METHODS We randomly assigned 658 patients to receive cabozantinib at a dose of 60 mg daily or everolimus at a dose of 10 mg daily. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary efficacy end points were overall survival and objective response rate. RESULTS Median progression-free survival was 7.4 months with cabozantinib and 3.8 months with everolimus. The rate of progression or death was 42% lower with cabozantinib than with everolimus (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45 to 0.75; P<0.001). The objective response rate was 21% with cabozantinib and 5% with everolimus (P<0.001). A planned interim analysis showed that overall survival was longer with cabozantinib than with everolimus (hazard ratio for death, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.89; P=0.005) but did not cross the significance boundary for the interim analysis. Adverse events were managed with dose reductions; doses were reduced in 60% of the patients who received cabozantinib and in 25% of those who received everolimus. Discontinuation of study treatment owing to adverse events occurred in 9% of the patients who received cabozantinib and in 10% of those who received everolimus. CONCLUSIONS Progression-free survival was longer with cabozantinib than with everolimus among patients with renal-cell carcinoma that had progressed after VEGFR-targeted therapy. (Funded by Exelixis; METEOR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01865747.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni K Choueiri
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (T.K.C., P.W.K.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free NHS Trust, London (T.P.); Icon Cancer Care, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia (P.N.M.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (F.D.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore (H.H.); Texas Oncology-Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University, Dallas (T.E.H.); University of Ulsan College of Medicine (J.-L.L.) and Seoul National University Hospital (B.K.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; Helsinki University Central Hospital Cancer Center, Helsinki (K.P.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (B.J.R.); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto (G.A.B.), and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB (D.Y.C.H.) - both in Canada; National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (L.G.); Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona (P.M.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (M.S.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, CA (A.B-H., C.H., C.S., G.M.S.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.M.T.); and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
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Sensitivity of neuroblastoma to the novel kinase inhibitor cabozantinib is mediated by ERK inhibition. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Fabbro D, Cowan-Jacob SW, Moebitz H. Ten things you should know about protein kinases: IUPHAR Review 14. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2675-700. [PMID: 25630872 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human malignancies are associated with aberrant regulation of protein or lipid kinases due to mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and/or gene amplification. Protein and lipid kinases represent an important target class for treating human disorders. This review focus on 'the 10 things you should know about protein kinases and their inhibitors', including a short introduction on the history of protein kinases and their inhibitors and ending with a perspective on kinase drug discovery. Although the '10 things' have been, to a certain extent, chosen arbitrarily, they cover in a comprehensive way the past and present efforts in kinase drug discovery and summarize the status quo of the current kinase inhibitors as well as knowledge about kinase structure and binding modes. Besides describing the potentials of protein kinase inhibitors as drugs, this review also focus on their limitations, particularly on how to circumvent emerging resistance against kinase inhibitors in oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Moebitz
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Zhang Y, Jain RK, Zhu M. Recent Progress and Advances in HGF/MET-Targeted Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2015; 3:149-181. [PMID: 28536405 PMCID: PMC5344234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF): MET axis is a ligand-mediated receptor tyrosine kinase pathway that is involved in multiple cellular functions, including proliferation, survival, motility, and morphogenesis. Aberrancy in the HGF/MET pathway has been reported in multiple tumor types and is associated with tumor stage and prognosis. Thus, targeting the HGF/MET pathway has become a potential therapeutic strategy in oncology development in the last two decades. A number of novel therapeutic agents-either as therapeutic proteins or small molecules that target the HGF/MET pathway-have been tested in patients with different tumor types in clinical studies. In this review, recent progress in HGF/MET pathway-targeted therapy for cancer treatment, the therapeutic potential of HGF/MET-targeted agents, and challenges in the development of such agents will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| | - Rajul K Jain
- Kite Pharma, Inc., 2225 Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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Kwilas AR, Donahue RN, Tsang KY, Hodge JW. Immune consequences of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that synergize with cancer immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 26005708 DOI: 10.14800/ccm.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy for the treatment of cancer is becoming increasingly essential as we gain improved understanding of the complexity of cancer progression and the mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to single-agent therapy. Recent studies, both clinical and preclinical, have suggested that immunotherapy is a promising approach to the treatment of cancer; however, strategies to improve its clinical efficacy are still needed. A number of recent studies have indicated that antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target multiple components of the tumor microenvironment and are an ideal class of agents for synergizing with cancer immunotherapy. TKIs are well known to modulate tumor endothelial cells, leading to vascular normalization; however, these agents have also been recently shown to decrease tumor compactness and tight junctions, thereby reducing solid tumor pressure and allowing for improved perfusion of collapsed vessels and increased tumor oxygenation. In addition, some TKIs are capable of inducing immunogenic modulation, whereby tumor cells are sensitized to killing by T lymphocytes. Moreover, a number of TKIs have been shown to be involved in immune subset conditioning, increasing the frequency and function of effector immune elements, while decreasing the number and function of immune suppressor cells. The alteration of the immune landscape, direct modification of tumor cells, and improved vascular perfusion leads to improved antitumor efficacy when antiangiogenic TKIs are combined with immunotherapy. Collectively, the data presented in this review support the clinical combination of multi-targeted antiangiogenic TKIs, including but not limited to cabozantinib, sunitinib, and sorafenib, as well as to other antiangiogenic therapies, such as the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, with cancer vaccines for improved treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Kwilas
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kwong Y Tsang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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50
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Darwish HW, Abdelhameed AS, Bakheit AH, Alanazi AM. A new method to determine the new C-Met inhibitor “Cabozantinib” in dosage form and human plasma via micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive and simple micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of cabozantinib (CBZ) in its pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma without any derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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