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Edelman RR, Leloudas N, Ankenbrandt W, Walker M, Bobustuc G, Bailes J, Pruitt A, Koktzoglou I. Editorial for "Dark Blood Contrast-Enhanced Brain MRI Using Echo-uT1RESS". J Magn Reson Imaging 2023:10.1002/jmri.29125. [PMID: 37950605 PMCID: PMC11087375 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widely used magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence makes enhancing lesions and blood vessels appear bright after gadolinium administration. However, dark blood imaging using T1-weighted Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolution (T1 SPACE) can be advantageous since it improves the conspicuity of small metastases and leptomeningeal disease. As a potential alternative to T1 SPACE, we evaluated a new dark blood sequence called echo-uT 1 RESS (unbalanced T1 Relaxation-Enhanced Steady-State). PURPOSE We compared the performance of echo-uT1RESS with Dixon fid-uT1RESS, MPRAGE, and T1 SPACE. STUDY TYPE Retrospective, IRB approved. SUBJECTS/PHANTOM Phantom to assess flow properties of echo-uT1RESS. 21 patients (14 female, age range 35 – 82 years) with primary and secondary brain tumors. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 3 Tesla/MPRAGE, T1 SPACE, Dixon fid-uT1RESS, echo-uT1RESS ASSESSMENT Flow phantom signal vs. velocity as a function of flip angle and sequence. Qualitative image assessment on 4-point scale. Quantitative evaluation of tumor-to-brain contrast, apparent contrast-to-noise ratio (aCNR), and vessel-to-brain aCNR. STATISTICAL TESTS Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the phantom, echo-uT1RESS showed greater flow-dependent signal loss than fid-uT1RESS. In patients, blood vessels appeared bright with MPRAGE, gray with fid-uT1RESS, and dark with T1 SPACE and echo-uT1RESS. For MPRAGE, Dixon fid-uT1RESS, echo-uT1RESS, and T1 SPACE, respective tumor-to-brain contrast values were 0.6 ± 0.3, 1.3 ± 0.5, 1.0 ± 0.4, and 0.6 ± 0.4, while normalized aCNR values were 68.9 ± 50.9, 128.4 ± 59.2, 74.2 ± 42.1, and 99.4 ± 73.9. DATA CONCLUSION Volumetric dark blood contrast-enhanced brain MRI is feasible using echo-uT1RESS. The dark blood effect was improved vs. fid-uT1RESS, while both uT1RESS versions provided better tumor-to-brain contrast than MPRAGE. Whereas T1 SPACE provided better tumor aSNR, echo-uT1RESS provided better Weber contrast, lesion sharpness and a more consistent dark blood effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Edelman
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nondas Leloudas
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Matthew Walker
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - George Bobustuc
- Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Julian Bailes
- Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Koktzoglou
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Radiology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Edelman RR, Leloudas N, Ankenbrandt WJ, Walker MT, Bobustuc GC, Bailes JE, Pruitt AA, Koktzoglou I. Dark Blood Contrast-Enhanced Brain MRI Using Echo-uT 1 RESS. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 37950398 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widely used magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence makes enhancing lesions and blood vessels appear bright after gadolinium administration. However, dark blood imaging using T1-weighted Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolution (T1 SPACE) can be advantageous since it improves the conspicuity of small metastases and leptomeningeal disease. As a potential alternative to T1 SPACE, we evaluated a new dark blood sequence called echo-uT1 RESS (unbalanced T1 Relaxation-Enhanced Steady-State). PURPOSE We compared the performance of echo-uT1 RESS with Dixon fid-uT1 RESS, MPRAGE, and T1 SPACE. STUDY TYPE Retrospective, IRB approved. SUBJECTS/PHANTOM Phantom to assess flow properties of echo-uT1 RESS. Twenty-one patients (14 female, age range 35-82 years) with primary and secondary brain tumors. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 3 Tesla/MPRAGE, T1 SPACE, Dixon fid-uT1 RESS, echo-uT1 RESS. ASSESSMENT Flow phantom signal vs. velocity as a function of flip angle and sequence. Qualitative image assessment on 4-point scale. Quantitative evaluation of tumor-to-brain contrast, apparent contrast-to-noise ratio (aCNR), and vessel-to-brain aCNR. STATISTICAL TESTS Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the phantom, echo-uT1 RESS showed greater flow-dependent signal loss than fid-uT1 RESS. In patients, blood vessels appeared bright with MPRAGE, gray with fid-uT1 RESS, and dark with T1 SPACE and echo-uT1 RESS. For MPRAGE, Dixon fid-uT1 RESS, echo-uT1 RESS, and T1 SPACE, respective tumor-to-brain contrast values were 0.6 ± 0.3, 1.3 ± 0.5, 1.0 ± 0.4, and 0.6 ± 0.4, while normalized aCNR values were 68.9 ± 50.9, 128.4 ± 59.2, 74.2 ± 42.1, and 99.4 ± 73.9. DATA CONCLUSION Volumetric dark blood contrast-enhanced brain MRI is feasible using echo-uT1 RESS. The dark blood effect was improved vs. fid-uT1 RESS, while both uT1 RESS versions provided better tumor-to-brain contrast than MPRAGE. Whereas T1 SPACE provided better tumor aSNR, echo-uT1 RESS provided better Weber contrast, lesion sharpness and a more consistent dark blood effect. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Edelman
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nondas Leloudas
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Walker
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - George C Bobustuc
- Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Julian E Bailes
- Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Koktzoglou
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Radiology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Li H, Zu T, Chen R, Ba R, Hsu YC, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wu D. 3D diffusion MRI with twin navigator-based GRASE and comparison with 2D EPI for tractography in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1969-1978. [PMID: 37345706 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D pulse sequences enable high-resolution acquisition with a high SNR and ideal slice profiles, which, however, is particularly difficult for diffusion MRI (dMRI) due to the additional phase errors from diffusion encoding. METHODS We proposed a twin navigator-based 3D diffusion-weighted gradient spin-echo (GRASE) sequence to correct the phase errors between shots and between odd and even spin echoes for human whole-brain acquisition. We then compared the SNR of 3D GRASE and 2D simultaneous multi-slice EPI within the same acquisition time. We further tested the performance of 2D versus 3D acquisition at equivalent SNR on fiber tracking and microstructural mapping, using the diffusion tensor and high-order fiber orientation density-based metrics. RESULTS The proposed twin navigator approach removed multi-shot phase errors to some extent in the whole brain dMRI, and the 2D navigator performed better than the 1D navigator. Comparisons of SNR between the 2D simultaneous multi-slice EPI and 3D GRASE sequences demonstrated that the SNR of the GRASE sequence was 1.4-1.5-fold higher than the EPI sequence at an equivalent scan time. More importantly, we found a significantly higher fiber cross-section in the cerebrospinal tract, as well as richer subcortical fibers (U-fibers) using the 3D GRASE sequence compared to 2D EPI. CONCLUSION The twin navigator-based 3D diffusion-weighted-GRASE sequence minimized the multishot phase error and effectively improved the SNR for whole-brain dMRI acquisition. We found differences in fiber tracking and microstructural mapping between 2D and 3D acquisitions, possibly due to the different slice profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruike Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruicheng Ba
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumours, have recently been re-classified incorporating molecular aspects with important clinical, prognostic, and predictive implications. Concurrently, the reprogramming of metabolism, altering intracellular and extracellular metabolites affecting gene expression, differentiation, and the tumour microenvironment, is increasingly being studied, and alterations in metabolic pathways are becoming hallmarks of cancer. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a complementary, non-invasive technique capable of quantifying multiple metabolites. The aim of this review focuses on the methodology and analysis techniques in proton MRS (1H MRS), including a brief look at X-nuclei MRS, and on its perspectives for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gliomas in both clinical practice and preclinical research.
Methods
PubMed literature research was performed cross-linking the following key words: glioma, MRS, brain, in-vivo, human, animal model, clinical, pre-clinical, techniques, sequences, 1H, X-nuclei, Artificial Intelligence (AI), hyperpolarization.
Results
We selected clinical works (n = 51), preclinical studies (n = 35) and AI MRS application papers (n = 15) published within the last two decades. The methodological papers (n = 62) were taken into account since the technique first description.
Conclusions
Given the development of treatments targeting specific cancer metabolic pathways, MRS could play a key role in allowing non-invasive assessment for patient diagnosis and stratification, predicting and monitoring treatment responses and prognosis. The characterization of gliomas through MRS will benefit of a wide synergy among scientists and clinicians of different specialties within the context of new translational competences. Head coils, MRI hardware and post-processing analysis progress, advances in research, experts’ consensus recommendations and specific professionalizing programs will make the technique increasingly trustworthy, responsive, accessible.
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Mantovani A, Neri F, D'Urso G, Mencarelli L, Tatti E, Momi D, Menardi A, Sprugnoli G, Santarnecchi E, Rossi S. Functional connectivity changes and symptoms improvement after personalized, double-daily dosing, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:560-570. [PMID: 33158554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that characterize obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated to aberrant resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns within the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits. A high percentage of OCD patients do not respond to conventional pharmacological treatments or psychotherapy. In these patients, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) resulted in a significant clinical benefit. METHODS In the current study, we applied a novel protocol of 1-week MRI-guided individualized double-daily sessions of rTMS treatment (1-Hz; 110% of resting Motor Threshold/7200 pulses/day), to bilateral SMA in 9 OCD patients. We tested its (i) feasibility-safety, (ii) clinical efficacy and (iii) rsFC related changes. RESULTS Patients reported no side effects during and after rTMS. Personalized rTMS treatment led to a significant improvement of OCD symptoms (average 25%; p = .005) and persistence of benefit up to 3-month follow-up. rsFC analysis revealed a significant reduction of connectivity patterns between bilateral SMA and subcortical regions, specifically in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Additional analysis showed that OCD symptoms severity correlates with a higher connectivity pattern between bilateral SMA and subcortical regions. CONCLUSIONS rTMS double-daily sessions are safe, feasible and effective in OCD. The clinical outcomes, that are consistent with those found in our previous RCT, are linked to a decreased connectivity between SMA and subcortical brain areas implicated in control over obsessions and maladaptive compulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mantovani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Neri
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Giordano D'Urso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Mencarelli
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Tatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Davide Momi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arianna Menardi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Sprugnoli
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
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6
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Dvorak AV, Ljungberg E, Vavasour IM, Lee LE, Abel S, Li DKB, Traboulsee A, MacKay AL, Kolind SH. Comparison of multi echo T 2 relaxation and steady state approaches for myelin imaging in the central nervous system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1369. [PMID: 33446710 PMCID: PMC7809349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional approach for measuring myelin-associated water with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses multi-echo T2 relaxation data to calculate the myelin water fraction (MWF). A fundamentally different approach, abbreviated “mcDESPOT”, uses a more efficient steady-state acquisition to generate an equivalent metric (fM). Although previous studies have demonstrated inherent instability and bias in the complex mcDESPOT analysis procedure, fM has often been used as a surrogate for MWF. We produced and compared multivariate atlases of MWF and fM in healthy human brain and cervical spinal cord (available online) and compared their ability to detect multiple sclerosis pathology. A significant bias was found in all regions (p < 10–5), albeit reversed for spinal cord (fM-MWF = − 3.4%) compared to brain (+ 6.2%). MWF and fM followed an approximately linear relationship for regions with MWF < ~ 10%. For MWF > ~ 10%, the relationship broke down and fM no longer increased in tandem with MWF. For multiple sclerosis patients, MWF and fM Z score maps showed overlapping areas of low Z score and similar trends between patients and brain regions, although those of fM generally had greater spatial extent and magnitude of severity. These results will guide future choice of myelin-sensitive quantitative MRI and improve interpretation of studies using either myelin imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam V Dvorak
- Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Emil Ljungberg
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irene M Vavasour
- Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa Eunyoung Lee
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawna Abel
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David K B Li
- Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex L MacKay
- Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon H Kolind
- Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Stanton EH, Persson NDÅ, Gomolka RS, Lilius T, Sigurðsson B, Lee H, Xavier ALR, Benveniste H, Nedergaard M, Mori Y. Mapping of CSF transport using high spatiotemporal resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in mice: Effect of anesthesia. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:3326-3342. [PMID: 33426699 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) represents the only available approach for glymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow 3D mapping in the brain of living animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel DCE-MRI protocol for mapping of the glymphatic system transport with improved spatiotemporal resolution, and to validate the new protocol by comparing the transport in mice anesthetized with either isoflurane or ketamine/xylazine. METHODS The contrast agent, gadobutrol, was administered into the CSF of the cisterna magna and its transport visualized continuously on a 9.4T preclinical scanner using 3D fast-imaging with a steady-state free-precession sequence (3D-FISP), which has a spatial resolution of 0.001 mm3 and a temporal resolution of 30 s. The MR signals were measured dynamically for 60 min in multiple volumes of interest covering the entire CSF space and brain parenchyma. RESULTS The results confirm earlier findings that glymphatic CSF influx is higher under ketamine/xylazine than with isoflurane anesthesia. This was extended to account for new details about the distinct CSF efflux pathways under the two anesthetic regimens. Dynamic contrast MR shows that CSF clearance occurs mainly along the vagus nerve near the jugular vein under isoflurane and via the olfactory bulb under ketamine/xylazine. CONCLUSION The improved spatial and temporal sampling rates afforded by 3D-FISP shed new light on the pharmacological modulation of CSF efflux paths. The present observations may have the potential to set a new standard for future experimental DCE-MRI studies of the glymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Hunter Stanton
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Daniel Åke Persson
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryszard Stefan Gomolka
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas Lilius
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurðsson
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Lenice Ribeiro Xavier
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zevenbergen L, Gsell W, Chan DD, Vander Sloten J, Himmelreich U, Neu CP, Jonkers I. Functional assessment of strains around a full-thickness and critical sized articular cartilage defect under compressive loading using MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1710-1721. [PMID: 30195045 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of full-thickness chondral defects on intratissue deformation patterns and matrix constituents in an experimental model mimicking in vivo cartilage-on-cartilage contact conditions. DESIGN Pairs of bovine osteochondral explants, in a unique cartilage-on-cartilage model system, were compressed uniaxially by 350 N during 2 s loading and 1.4 s unloading cycles (≈1700 repetitions). Tissue deformations under quasi-steady state load deformation response were measured with displacement encoded imaging with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in a 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Pre- and post-loading, T1, T2 and T1ρ relaxation time maps were measured. We analyzed differences in strain patterns and relaxation times between intact cartilage (n = 8) and cartilage in which a full-thickness and critical sized defect was created (n = 8). RESULTS Under compressive loading, strain magnitudes were elevated at the defect rim, with elevated tensile and compressive principal strains (Δϵmax = 4.2%, P = 0.02; Δϵmin = -4.3%, P = 0.02) and maximum shear strain at the defect rim (Δγmax = 4.4%, P = 0.007). The opposing cartilage showed minimal increase in strain patterns at contact with the defect rim but decreased strains opposing the defect. After defect creation, T1, T2 and T1ρ relaxation times were elevated at the defect rim only. Following loading, the overall relaxations times of the defect tissue and especially at the rim, increased compared to intact cartilage. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the local biomechanical changes occurring after defect creation may induce tissue damage by increasing shear strains and depletion of cartilage constituents at the defect rim under compressive loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zevenbergen
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - W Gsell
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - D D Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - J Vander Sloten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - U Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - C P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - I Jonkers
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Martin T, Wang Y, Rashid S, Shao X, Moeller S, Hu P, Sung K, Wang DJJ. Highly Accelerated SSFP Imaging with Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging and integrated-SSFP (CAIPI-iSSFP). INVESTIGATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2017; 21:210-222. [PMID: 29520372 PMCID: PMC5839645 DOI: 10.13104/imri.2017.21.4.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel combination of controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) with integrated SSFP (CAIPI-iSSFP) for accelerated SSFP imaging without banding artifacts at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAIPI-iSSFP was developed by adding a dephasing gradient to the balanced SSFP (bSSFP) pulse sequence with a gradient area that results in 2π dephasing across a single pixel. Extended phase graph (EPG) simulations were performed to show the signal behaviors of iSSFP, bSSFP, and RF-spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequences. In vivo experiments were performed for brain and abdominal imaging at 3T with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acceleration factors of 2, 3 and 4 with CAIPI-iSSFP and CAIPI-bSSFP. The image quality was evaluated by measuring the relative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and by qualitatively assessing banding artifact removal in the brain. RESULTS Banding artifacts were removed using CAIPI-iSSFP compared to CAIPI-bSSFP up to an SMS factor of 4 and 3 on brain and liver imaging, respectively. The relative CNRs between gray and white matter were on average 18% lower in CAIPI-iSSFP compared to that of CAIPI-bSSFP. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CAIPI-iSSFP provides up to a factor of four acceleration, while minimizing the banding artifacts with up to a 20% decrease in the relative CNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Martin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Philips, MR Clinical Science NA, Florida, USA
| | - Shams Rashid
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyunghyun Sung
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, California, USA
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10
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Khajehim M, Nasiraei Moghaddam A. Investigating the spatial specificity of S2-SSFP fMRI: A Monte Carlo simulation approach. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 37:282-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Sun K, Xue R, Zhang P, Zuo Z, Chen Z, Wang B, Martin T, Wang Y, Chen L, He S, Wang DJJ. Integrated SSFP for functional brain mapping at 7T with reduced susceptibility artifact. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 276:22-30. [PMID: 28092785 PMCID: PMC5336405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) offers an alternative and potentially important tool to the standard gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) for functional MRI (fMRI). Both passband and transition band based bSSFP have been proposed for fMRI. The applications of these methods, however, are limited by banding artifacts due to the sensitivity of bSSFP signal to off-resonance effects. In this article, a unique case of the SSFP-FID sequence, termed integrated-SSFP or iSSFP, was proposed to overcome the obstacle by compressing the SSFP profile into the width of a single voxel. The magnitude of the iSSFP signal was kept constant irrespective of frequency shift. Visual stimulation studies were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of fMRI using iSSFP at 7T with flip angles of 4° and 25°, compared to standard bSSFP and gradient echo (GRE) imaging. The signal changes for the complex iSSFP signal in activated voxels were 2.48±0.53 (%) and 2.96±0.87 (%) for flip angles (FA) of 4° and 25° respectively at the TR of 9.88ms. Simultaneous multi-slice acquisition (SMS) with the CAIPIRIHNA technique was carried out with iSSFP scanning to detect the anterior temporal lobe activation using a semantic processing task fMRI, compared with standard 2D GE-EPI. This study demonstrates the feasibility of iSSFP for fMRI with reduced susceptibility artifacts, while maintaining robust functional contrast at 7T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Thomas Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Innovation Center of Excellence on Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, United States; Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Stemkens B, Tijssen RHN, de Senneville BD, Lagendijk JJW, van den Berg CAT. Image-driven, model-based 3D abdominal motion estimation for MR-guided radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:5335-55. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/14/5335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Compressed Sensing for fMRI: Feasibility Study on the Acceleration of Non-EPI fMRI at 9.4T. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:131926. [PMID: 26413503 PMCID: PMC4564593 DOI: 10.1155/2015/131926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique known as gradient-recalled echo (GRE) echo-planar imaging (EPI) is sensitive to image distortion and degradation caused by local magnetic field inhomogeneity at high magnetic fields. Non-EPI sequences such as spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) have been proposed as an alternative high-resolution fMRI technique; however, the temporal resolution of these sequences is lower than the typically used GRE-EPI fMRI. One potential approach to improve the temporal resolution is to use compressed sensing (CS). In this study, we tested the feasibility of k-t FOCUSS—one of the high performance CS algorithms for dynamic MRI—for non-EPI fMRI at 9.4T using the model of rat somatosensory stimulation. To optimize the performance of CS reconstruction, different sampling patterns and k-t FOCUSS variations were investigated. Experimental results show that an optimized k-t FOCUSS algorithm with acceleration by a factor of 4 works well for non-EPI fMRI at high field under various statistical criteria, which confirms that a combination of CS and a non-EPI sequence may be a good solution for high-resolution fMRI at high fields.
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14
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Park SH, Han PK, Choi SH. Physiological and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Balanced Steady-state Free Precession. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:550-9. [PMID: 25995684 PMCID: PMC4435985 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) is a highly efficient pulse sequence that is known to provide the highest signal-to-noise ratio per unit time. Recently, bSSFP is getting increasingly popular in both the research and clinical communities. This review will be focusing on the application of the bSSFP technique in the context of probing the physiological and functional information. In the first part of this review, the basic principles of bSSFP are briefly covered. Afterwards, recent developments related to the application of bSSFP, in terms of physiological and functional imaging, are introduced and reviewed. Despite its long development history, bSSFP is still a promising technique that has many potential benefits for obtaining high-resolution physiological and functional images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hong Park
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lab, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Paul Kyu Han
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lab, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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15
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Miller KL. FMRI using balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP). Neuroimage 2012; 62:713-9. [PMID: 22036996 PMCID: PMC3398389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Steady-state free precession (SSFP) is a highly-efficient MRI pulse sequence that has been a fairly recent arrival in the functional MRI realm. Several methods for using balanced SSFP to detect the BOLD signal have been proposed to date and will be discussed in this review. After a brief introduction to the general properties of SSFP, this review describes the quite different approaches of transition-band and pass-band SSFP in terms of functional contrast mechanism. It then discusses the potential advantages of these techniques, followed by their challenges and shortcomings. Finally, it gives an overview of some applications considered to date and the author's perspective on where these techniques are headed. In the spirit of this special issue, the author also includes some of the personal history underlying her own explorations in this area.
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Tijssen RHN, Okell TW, Miller KL. Real-time cardiac synchronization with fixed volume frame rate for reducing physiological instabilities in 3D FMRI. Neuroimage 2011; 57:1364-75. [PMID: 21664465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 2D echo-planar imaging (EPI) remains the dominant method for functional MRI (FMRI), 3D readouts are receiving more interest as these sequences have favorable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and enable imaging at a high isotropic resolution. Spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) and balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) are rapid sequences that are typically acquired with highly segmented 3D readouts, and thus less sensitive to image distortion and signal dropout. They therefore provide a powerful alternative for FMRI in areas with strong susceptibility offsets, such as deep gray matter structures and the brainstem. Unfortunately, the multi-shot nature of the readout makes these sequences highly sensitive to physiological fluctuations, and large signal instabilities are observed in the inferior regions of the brain. In this work a characterization of the source of these instabilities is given and a new method is presented to reduce the instabilities observed in 3D SPGR and bSSFP. Rapidly acquired single-slice data, which critically sampled the respiratory and cardiac waveforms, showed that cardiac pulsation is the dominant source of the instabilities. Simulations further showed that synchronizing the readout to the cardiac cycle minimizes the instabilities considerably. A real-time synchronization method was therefore developed, which utilizes parallel-imaging techniques to allow cardiac synchronization without alteration of the volume acquisition rate. The implemented method significantly improves the temporal stability in areas that are affected by cardiac-related signal fluctuations. In bSSFP data the tSNR in the brainstem increased by 45%, at the cost of a small reduction in tSNR in the cortical areas. In SPGR the temporal stability is improved by approximately 20% in the subcortical structures and as well as cortical gray matter when synchronization was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob H N Tijssen
- Centre for functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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