1
|
Ridgway H, Moore GJ, Gadanec LK, Zulli A, Apostolopoulos V, Hoffmann W, Węgrzyn K, Vassilaki N, Mpekoulis G, Zouridakis M, Giastas P, Vidali VP, Kelaidonis K, Matsoukas MT, Dimitriou M, Mavromoustakos T, Tsiodras S, Gorgoulis VG, Karakasiliotis I, Chasapis CT, Matsoukas JM. Novel benzimidazole angiotensin receptor blockers with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity equipotent to that of nirmatrelvir: computational and enzymatic studies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:437-459. [PMID: 38828744 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2362675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension worsens outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Sartans, a type of antihypertensive angiotensin receptor blocker-(ARB), reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality by targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral and antihypertensive effects of nirmatrelvir, commercial sartans (candesartan, losartan, and losartan carboxylic (Exp3174)), and newly synthesized sartans (benzimidazole-N-biphenyl carboxyl (ACC519C) and benzimidazole-N-biphenyl tetrazole (ACC519T)), compared to nirmatrelvir, the antiviral component of Paxlovid. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and enzymatic studies assessed drug effects on ACE2. Antiviral abilities were tested with SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells, and antihypertensive effects were evaluated using angiotensin II-contracted rabbit iliac arteries. RESULTS Benzimidazole-based candesartan and ACC519C showed antiviral activity comparable to nirmatrelvir (95% inhibition). Imidazole-based losartan, Exp3174, and ACC519T were less potent (75%-80% and 50%, respectively), with Exp3174 being the least effective. SPR analysis indicated high sartans-ACE2 binding affinity. Candesartan and nirmatrelvir combined had greater inhibitory and cytopathic effects (3.96%) than individually (6.10% and 5.08%). ACE2 enzymatic assays showed varying effects of novel sartans on ACE2. ACC519T significantly reduced angiotensin II-mediated contraction, unlike nirmatrelvir and ACC519T(2). CONCLUSION This study reports the discovery of a new class of benzimidazole-based sartans that significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2, likely due to their interaction with ACE2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Ridgway
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- AquaMem Consultants, Rodeo, NM, USA
| | - Graham J Moore
- Pepmetics Inc, 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Weronika Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Zouridakis
- Structural Neurobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Giastas
- Structural Neurobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Veroniki P Vidali
- Natural Products and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Marios Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Faculty of Medicine, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Christos T Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - John M Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, Patras, Greece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fullaondo A, Erreguerena I, Keenoy EDM. Transforming health care systems towards high-performance organizations: qualitative study based on learning from COVID-19 pandemic in the Basque Country (Spain). BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:364. [PMID: 38515068 PMCID: PMC10958960 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst health catastrophes of the last century, which caused severe economic, political, and social consequences worldwide. Despite these devastating consequences, lessons learned provide a great opportunity that can drive the reform of health systems to become high-performing, effective, equitable, accessible, and sustainable organisations. This work identifies areas in which changes must be encouraged that will enable health systems to deal effectively with current and future challenges, beyond COVID-19. METHODS A realist design was chosen, based on qualitative data collection techniques, content analysis and triangulation to identify key domains of organizational interventions behind the changes implemented to react to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Basque Country. Twenty key informants were used as an expert source of information. Thematic analysis was done using the Framework Method. RESULTS The analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of 116 codes, which were reviewed and agreed upon by the researchers. Following the process of methodological analysis, these codes were grouped into domains: seven themes and 23 sub-themes. Specifically, the themes are: responsiveness, telehealth, integration, knowledge management, professional roles, digitisation, and organisational communication. The detailed description of each theme and subtheme is presented. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this work pretend to guide the transformation of health systems into organisations that can improve the health of their populations and provide high quality care. Such a multidimensional and comprehensive reform encompasses both strategic and operational actions in diverse areas and requires a broad and sustained political, technical, and financial commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Fullaondo
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services Research, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu M, Shi L, Yang M, Jiao J, Yang J, Ma M, Xie W, Sun G. Ecological comparison of six countries in two waves of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1277457. [PMID: 38481850 PMCID: PMC10933017 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1277457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to provide experience and evidence support for countries to deal with similar public health emergencies such as COVID-19 by comparing and analyzing the measures taken by six countries in epidemic prevention and control. Methods This study extracted public data on COVID-19 from the official website of various countries and used ecological comparative research methods to compare the specific situation of indicators such as daily tests per thousand people, stringency index, and total vaccinations per hundred people in countries. Results The cumulative death toll in China, Germany and Australia was significantly lower than that in the United States, South Africa and Italy. Expanding the scale of testing has helped control the spread of the epidemic to some extent. When the epidemic situation is severe, the stringency index increases, and when the epidemic situation tends to ease, the stringency index decreases. Increased vaccination rates, while helping to build an immune barrier, still need to be used in conjunction with non-drug interventions. Conclusion The implementation of non-drug interventions and vaccine measures greatly affected the epidemic prevention and control effect. In responding to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 epidemic, countries should draw on international experience, closely align with their national conditions, follow the laws of epidemiology, actively take non-drug intervention measures, and vigorously promote vaccine research and development and vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Manfei Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhen Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peiró ÓM, Delgado-Cornejo JR, Sánchez-Giménez R, del-Moral-Ronda V, Lal-Trehan N, Rocamora-Horrach M, Carrasquer A, Peraire J, Fort-Gallifa I, Bardaji A. Prevalence and prognostic implications of myocardial injury across different waves of COVID-19. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1297824. [PMID: 38455719 PMCID: PMC10917998 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1297824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prognostic ability of myocardial injury across different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic is not well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic implications of myocardial injury in the first and sixth wave of COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study that included patients admitted to the emergency department with COVID-19 with data on concentrations of cardiac troponin during the first and sixth wave. We compared the prevalence of myocardial injury and its predictive capacity for 30-day all-cause death in both waves. Results and discussion A total of 346 patients were included (1st wave 199 and 6th wave 147 patients). The prevalence of myocardial injury was 21% with non-significant differences between waves. Myocardial injury was associated, in both waves, with a higher prevalence of comorbidities and with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause death [1st wave HR: 3.73 (1.84-7.55); p < 0.001 and 6th wave HR: 3.13 (1.23-7.92); p = 0.016], with non-significant differences in predictive capacity between groups after ROC curve analysis [AUC: 1st wave 0.829 (95% CI: 0.764-0.895) and 6th wave 0.794 (95% CI: 0.711-0.876)]. As limitations, this is a retrospective study with a relatively small simple size and troponin assay was performed at the discretion of the emergency physician so selection bias could be present. In conclusion, the prevalence of myocardial injury and its prognostic capacity was similar in both waves despite vaccination programs. Myocardial injury predicts short-term mortality in all COVID-19 patients, so they should be treated intensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar M. Peiró
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Delgado-Cornejo
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Giménez
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Víctor del-Moral-Ronda
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nisha Lal-Trehan
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mar Rocamora-Horrach
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasquer
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Clinical Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Health, Camp de Tarragona-Terres de l’Ebre, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Bardaji
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian L, Qiang T, Yang X, Gao Y, Zhai X, Kang K, Du C, Lu Q, Gao H, Zhang D, Xie X, Liang C. Development of de-novo coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL pro) inhibitors since COVID-19 outbreak: A strategy to tackle challenges of persistent virus infection. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115979. [PMID: 38048696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Although no longer a public health emergency of international concern, COVID-19 remains a persistent and critical health concern. The development of effective antiviral drugs could serve as the ultimate piece of the puzzle to curbing this global crisis. 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), with its substrate specificity mirroring that of the main picornavirus 3C protease and conserved across various coronaviruses, emerges as an ideal candidate for broad-spectrum antiviral drug development. Moreover, it holds the potential as a reliable contingency option to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this light, the approved drugs, promising candidates, and de-novo small molecule therapeutics targeting 3CLpro since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 are discussed. Emphasizing the significance of diverse structural characteristics in inhibitors, be they peptidomimetic or nonpeptidic, with a shared mission to minimize the risk of cross-resistance. Moreover, the authors propose an innovative optimization strategy for 3CLpro reversible covalent PROTACs, optimizing pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics to better prepare for potential future viral outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Taotao Qiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Xiuding Yang
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Kairui Kang
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Cong Du
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; Shaanxi Pioneer Biotech Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng M, Li D, Hao F, Chu X, Li L, Yuan Q, Li H, Hu Y, Jiang W. Association of Serum Potassium Variability With 60-day Mortality and Cardiovascular Events after COVID-19 Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:277-283. [PMID: 38169716 PMCID: PMC10758154 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.88529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum potassium variability and 60-day mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on MHD patients treated at the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University hemodialysis center who were infected with the novel coronavirus between December 1, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Baseline characteristics of patients were collected from electronic medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to obtain patient survival probabilities, and multivariate Cox hazard regression models and binary Logistic regression models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HR), odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between exposure and outcomes. Results: A total of 296 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 57.2±16.3 years, and 59.8% were male. The 60-day mortality rate was 10.8%, and the incidence of CVD was 32.8%. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a higher potassium variability coefficient was associated with higher all-cause mortality (P = 0.024). After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the HR for 60-day mortality in the Q4 group compared to the Q1 group was 2.06 (95% CI = 1.03-4.09, P = 0.040), and binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the OR for 60-day CVD in the Q4 group compared to the Q1 group was 4.09 (95% CI = 1.52-10.97, P = 0.005). Conclusion: Increased serum potassium variability in MHD patients after COVID-19 infection significantly increased the likelihood of 60-day mortality and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moxuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyun Hao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingling Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haina Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzheng Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pitsillou E, Beh RC, Liang JJ, Tang TS, Zhou X, Siow YY, Ma Y, Hu Z, Wu Z, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. EpiMed Coronabank Chemical Collection: Compound selection, ADMET analysis, and utilisation in the context of potential SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108602. [PMID: 37597309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are important for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response, as vaccines and antibodies may have reduced efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Antiviral drugs that have been made available for use, albeit with questionable efficacy, include remdesivir (Veklury®), nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid™), and molnupiravir (Lagevrio®). To expand the options available for COVID-19 and prepare for future pandemics, there is a need to investigate new uses for existing drugs and design novel compounds. To support these efforts, we have created a comprehensive library of 750 molecules that have been sourced from in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. It is publicly available at our dedicated website (https://epimedlab.org/crl/). The EpiMed Coronabank Chemical Collection consists of compounds that have been divided into 10 main classes based on antiviral properties, as well as the potential to be used for the management, prevention, or treatment of COVID-19 related complications. A detailed description of each compound is provided, along with the molecular formula, canonical SMILES, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval status. The chemical structures have been obtained and are available for download. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic properties of the ligands have been characterised. To demonstrate an application of the EpiMed Coronabank Chemical Collection, molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding characteristics of ligands against SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural and accessory proteins. Overall, our database can be used to aid the drug repositioning process, and for gaining further insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of potential compounds of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Raymond C Beh
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Julia J Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Thinh Sieu Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ya Yun Siow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yinghao Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zifang Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zifei Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bello SO, Imam MU, Bello MB, Yunusa A, Ahmed Adamu A, Shuaibu A, Igumbor EU, Habib ZG, Popoola MA, Ochu CL, Yahaya Bello A, Deeni YY, Okoye I. Erythromycin, retapamulin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and ivermectin inhibit cytopathic effect, papain-like protease, and M PRO enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1273982. [PMID: 38089816 PMCID: PMC10711598 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although tremendous success has been achieved in the development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines, developing effective therapeutics for the treatment of those who do come down with the disease has been with limited success. To repurpose existing drugs for COVID-19, we previously showed, qualitatively, that erythromycin, retapamulin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and ivermectin inhibit SARS-COV-2-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cells. Aim This study aimed to quantitatively explore the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE by erythromycin, retapamulin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and ivermectin and to determine the effect of these drugs on SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and 3CL protease (MPRO) enzymes. Methods Neutral red (3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methyl-phenazine hydrochloride) cell viability assay was used to quantify CPE after infecting pre-treated Vero cells with clinical SARS-Cov-2 isolates. Furthermore, SensoLyte® 520 SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and SensoLyte® 520 SARS-CoV-2 MPRO activity assay kits were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the drugs on the respective enzymes. Results Erythromycin, retapamulin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and ivermectin dose-dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE in Vero cells, with inhibitory concentration-50 (IC50) values of 3.27 µM, 4.23 µM, 9.29 µM, 3.19 µM, and 84.31 µM, respectively. Furthermore, erythromycin, retapamulin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and ivermectin dose-dependently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease with IC50 values of 0.94 µM, 0.88 µM, 1.14 µM, 1.07 µM, and 1.51 µM, respectively, and inhibited the main protease (MPRO) with IC50 values of 1.35 µM, 1.25 µM, 7.36 µM, 1.15 µM, and 2.44 µM, respectively. Conclusion The IC50 for all the drugs, except ivermectin, was at the clinically achievable plasma concentration in humans, which supports a possible role for the drugs in the management of COVID-19. The lack of inhibition of CPE by ivermectin at clinical concentrations could be part of the explanation for its lack of effectiveness in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaibu Oricha Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmajeed Yunusa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Ahmed Adamu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmalik Shuaibu
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ehimario Uche Igumbor
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zaiyad Garba Habib
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Ayodele Popoola
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Lucia Ochu
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
- Nigerian Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Aishatu Yahaya Bello
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Yahaya Deeni
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
- Centre for Environmental and Public Health Research and Development, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Okoye
- University of Nigeria Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Annamalai A, Karuppaiya V, Ezhumalai D, Cheruparambath P, Balakrishnan K, Venkatesan A. Nano-based techniques: A revolutionary approach to prevent covid-19 and enhancing human awareness. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 86:104567. [PMID: 37313114 PMCID: PMC10183109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In every century of history, there are many new diseases emerged, which are not even cured by many developed countries. Today, despite of scientific development, new deadly pandemic diseases are caused by microorganisms. Hygiene is considered to be one of the best methods of avoiding such communicable diseases, especially viral diseases. Illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 was termed COVID-19 by the WHO, the acronym derived from "coronavirus disease 2019. The globe is living in the worst epidemic era, with the highest infection and mortality rate owing to COVID-19 reaching 6.89% (data up to March 2023). In recent years, nano biotechnology has become a promising and visible field of nanotechnology. Interestingly, nanotechnology is being used to cure many ailments and it has revolutionized many aspects of our lives. Several COVID-19 diagnostic approaches based on nanomaterial have been developed. The various metal NPs, it is highly anticipated that could be viable and economical alternatives for treating drug resistant in many deadly pandemic diseases in near future. This review focuses on an overview of nanotechnology's increasing involvement in the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of COVID-19, also this review provides readers with an awareness and knowledge of importance of hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaikkutti Annamalai
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014, Puducherry, India
| | - Vimala Karuppaiya
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhineshkumar Ezhumalai
- Dr. Krishnamoorthi Foundation for Advanced Scientific Research, Vellore, 632 001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manushyaa Blossom Private Limited, Chennai, 600 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kaviarasu Balakrishnan
- Dr. Krishnamoorthi Foundation for Advanced Scientific Research, Vellore, 632 001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manushyaa Blossom Private Limited, Chennai, 600 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Venkatesan
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu CY, Yang YH, Lin YS, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Lin YY, Lee IY, Shih WT, Yang PR, Tsai YY, Chang GH, Hsu CM, Yeh RA, Wu YH, Wu YH, Shen RC, Tsai MS. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect and mechanism of Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17701. [PMID: 37483781 PMCID: PMC10359827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution (GB-2) is a herbal mixture commonly utilized in Taiwan for combating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as per traditional Chinese medicine practices. This study assessed the clinical impact of GB-2 through prospective clinical trials. With twice-daily use for a week, GB-2 was shown to diminish the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in oral mucosal cells. Moreover, after two weeks of use, it could reduce transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMRPSS2) expression in these cells. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that GB-2 lessened the entry efficiency of the Omicron, L452R-D614G, T478K-D614G, and L452R-T478K-D614G variants of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus. It also impeded the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) presenting N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R and L452R-T478K mutations. Glycyrrhizic acid, a major compound in GB-2, also hindered the entry of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus by obstructing the binding between ACE2 and the RBD presenting the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. To sum up, these findings suggest that GB-2 can decrease ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in oral mucosal cells. Both glycyrrhizic acid and GB-2 were found to reduce the entry efficiency of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus and block the binding between ACE2 and the RBD with the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. This evidence implies that GB-2 might be a potential candidate for further study as a preventative measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yin Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tai Shih
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rung Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Reming-Albert Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Chen Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kelaidonis K, Ligielli I, Letsios S, Vidali VP, Mavromoustakos T, Vassilaki N, Moore GJ, Hoffmann W, Węgrzyn K, Ridgway H, Chasapis CT, Matsoukas JM. Computational and Enzymatic Studies of Sartans in SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD-ACE2 Binding: The Role of Tetrazole and Perspectives as Antihypertensive and COVID-19 Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098454. [PMID: 37176159 PMCID: PMC10179460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is an extension of current research into a novel class of synthetic antihypertensive drugs referred to as "bisartans", which are bis-alkylated imidazole derivatives bearing two symmetric anionic biphenyltetrazoles. Research to date indicates that bisartans are superior to commercially available hypertension drugs, since the former undergo stronger docking to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is the key receptor involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry, thus initiating COVID-19 infection and in regulating levels of vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II and beneficial heptapeptides A(1-7) and Alamandine in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In previous studies using in vivo rabbit-iliac arterial models, we showed that Na+ or K+ salts of selected Bisartans initiate a potent dose-response inhibition of vasoconstriction. Furthermore, computational studies revealed that bisartans undergo stable binding to the vital interfacial region between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 "receptor binding domain" (i.e., the viral RBD). Thus, bisartan homologs are expected to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or suppress disease expression in humans. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the role of tetrazole in binding and the network of amino acids of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD-ACE2 complex involved in interactions with sartans. This study would, furthermore, allow the expansion of the synthetic space to create a diverse suite of new bisartans in conjunction with detailed computational and in vitro antiviral studies. A critical role for tetrazole was uncovered in this study, shedding light on the vital importance of this group in the binding of sartans and bisartans to the ACE2/Spike complex. The in silico data predicting an interaction of tetrazole-containing sartans with ACE2 were experimentally validated by the results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses performed with a recombinant human ACE2 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Ligielli
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Veroniki P Vidali
- Natural Products and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Graham J Moore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Weronika Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Harry Ridgway
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
- AquaMem Consultants, Rodeo, NM 88056, USA
| | - Christos T Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - John M Matsoukas
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Swiderski J, Gadanec LK, Apostolopoulos V, Moore GJ, Kelaidonis K, Matsoukas JM, Zulli A. Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019. Biomolecules 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 37238657 PMCID: PMC10216788 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Major pathogenic phenotypes of CVDs include the development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hyper-inflammatory responses. These phenotypes have been found to overlap with the pathophysiological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CVDs have been identified as major risk factors for severe and fatal COVID-19 states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulatory system in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, its dysregulation is observed in CVDs, where upregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling via angiotensin II (AngII) leads to the AngII-dependent pathogenic development of CVDs. Additionally, the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leads to the downregulation of the latter, resulting in the dysregulation of the RAS. This dysregulation favors AngII/AT1R toxic signaling pathways, providing a mechanical link between cardiovascular pathology and COVID-19. Therefore, inhibiting AngII/AT1R signaling through angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has been indicated as a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we review the role of AngII in CVDs and its upregulation in COVID-19. We also provide a future direction for the potential implication of a novel class of ARBs called bisartans, which are speculated to contain multifunctional targeting towards COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Graham J. Moore
- Pepmetics Incorporated, 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - John M. Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Dolia S, Shah N, Verma S, Savale S, Ray S. Convalescent plasma (hyperimmune immunoglobulin) for COVID-19 management: An update. Process Biochem 2023; 127:66-81. [PMID: 36741339 PMCID: PMC9886570 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic COVID-19 has spread widely throughout the globe and has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Recently, it has been identified that there is no specific and 100% effective treatment available to manage the infection especially for the severe cases. A significant amount of research efforts and clinical trials have been undertaken globally and many more are underway to find the potential treatment option. Earlier, convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin was effectively used in the treatment of many endemic or epidemic viral infections as a part of passive immunization. In this article, we have touched upon the immunopathology of COVID-19 infection, a basic understanding of convalescent plasma, it's manufacturing as well as evaluation, and have reviewed the scientific developments focussing on the potential of convalescent plasma vis-à-vis other modalities for the management of COVID-19. The article also covers various research approaches, clinical trials conducted globally, and the clinical trials which are at various stages for exploring the efficacy and safety of the convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) to predict its future perspective to manage COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sheetal Dolia
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Plasma Fractionation Unit), Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Sola, Ahmedabad 380060, India
| | - Sachin Verma
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Plasma Fractionation Unit), Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrinivas Savale
- AIC-LMCP Foundation, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Suma Ray
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Plasma Fractionation Unit), Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Links between Vitamin K, Ferroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030733. [PMID: 36978981 PMCID: PMC10045478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death. It is characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid hydroperoxides in cells. Vitamin K is known to have antioxidant properties and plays a role in reducing oxidative stress, particularly in lipid cell membranes. Vitamin K reduces the level of reactive oxygen species by modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, vitamin K decreases inflammation and potentially prevents ferroptosis. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. Studies have shown that intensified ferroptosis occurs in various tissues and cells affected by COVID-19. Vitamin K supplementation during SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a positive effect on reducing the severity of the disease. Preliminary research suggests that vitamin K may reduce lipid peroxidation and inhibit ferroptosis, potentially contributing to its therapeutic effects in COVID-19 patients. The links between ferroptosis, vitamin K, and SARS-CoV-2 infection require further investigation, particularly in the context of developing potential treatment strategies for COVID-19.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Valu D, Patel B, Kumar A, Prasad S, Kakoti BB, Kaushik A, Jesawadawala M. Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Platform for COVID-19: Current Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020432. [PMID: 36851309 PMCID: PMC9965371 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breakout had an unimaginable worldwide effect in the 21st century, claiming millions of lives and putting a huge burden on the global economy. The potential developments in vaccine technologies following the determination of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and the increasing global efforts to bring potential vaccines and therapeutics into the market for emergency use have provided a small bright spot to this tragic event. Several intriguing vaccine candidates have been developed using recombinant technology, genetic engineering, and other vaccine development technologies. In the last decade, a vast amount of the vaccine development process has diversified towards the usage of viral vector-based vaccines. The immune response elicited by such vaccines is comparatively higher than other approved vaccine candidates that require a booster dose to provide sufficient immune protection. The non-replicating adenoviral vectors are promising vaccine carriers for infectious diseases due to better yield, cGMP-friendly manufacturing processes, safety, better efficacy, manageable shipping, and storage procedures. As of April 2022, the WHO has approved a total of 10 vaccines around the world for COVID-19 (33 vaccines approved by at least one country), among which three candidates are adenoviral vector-based vaccines. This review sheds light on the developmental summary of all the adenoviral vector-based vaccines that are under emergency use authorization (EUA) or in the different stages of development for COVID-19 management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-7030-919-407
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Disha Valu
- Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bindra Patel
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Anup Kumar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Prasad
- Cell and Gene Therapy Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
| | - Mariya Jesawadawala
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chavda VP, Raval N, Sheta S, Vora LK, Elrashdy F, Redwan EM, Uversky VN, Ertas YN. Blood filtering system for COVID-19 management: novel modality of the cytokine storm therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1064459. [PMID: 37153613 PMCID: PMC10160615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1064459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is virulent, contagious, and has rapidly gained many mutations, which makes it highly infectious and swiftly transmissible around the world. SARS-CoV-2 infects people of all ages and targets all body organs and their cellular compartments, starting from the respiratory system, where it shows many deleterious effects, to other tissues and organs. Systemic infection can lead to severe cases that require intensive intervention. Multiple approaches were elaborated, approved, and successfully used in the intervention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. These approaches range from the utilization of single and/or mixed medications to specialized supportive devices. For critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hemadsorption are utilized in combination or individually to support and release the etiological factors responsible for the "cytokine storm" underlying this condition. The current report discusses hemadsorption devices that can be used as part of supportive treatment for the COVID-19-associated cytokine storm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nidhi Raval
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Soham Sheta
- Formulation and Development, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Vladimir N. Uversky, ; Yavuz Nuri Ertas,
| | - Fatma Elrashdy
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institure, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Vladimir N. Uversky, ; Yavuz Nuri Ertas,
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Vladimir N. Uversky, ; Yavuz Nuri Ertas,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coyle L. Celebrating the 15th anniversary of Immunotherapy: a reflection on 2022. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1-4. [PMID: 36700701 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Coyle
- Commissioning Editor, Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, N3 1QB, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Van Scoy LJ, Duda SH, Scott AM, Baker A, Costigan H, Loeffler M, Sherman MS, Brown MD. A mixed methods study exploring requests for unproven COVID therapies such as ivermectin and healthcare distrust in the rural South. Prev Med Rep 2022; 31:102104. [PMID: 36619802 PMCID: PMC9804965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to contentious discourse regarding unproven COVID-19 therapies (UCTs),(e.g. ivermectin). Despite recommendations against it, ivermectin remains, in some areas, highly demanded. The goal of this study is to understand patient and provider perspectives about UCTs (e.g., ivermectin) and how responses to requests for UCTs impact healthcare distrust. This mixed methods observational study was conducted in a rural healthcare system in the Southern United States. Adults (n = 26) with a history of COVID-19 or clinicians (n = 8) from the same system were interviewed using questionnaires assessing healthcare distrust and qualitatively interviewed exploring perceptions about UCTs. Patient themes were: 1) Importance of anecdotal stories for decision-making; 2) Use of haphazard approaches to 'research'; 3) Strong distrust of government and healthcare organizations; 4) Inherent trust in local healthcare; 5) Decision-making as weighing pros/cons; and 6) Feeling a right to try medications. High survey medians indicated high distrust with differences of 8.5 points for those who requested/used ivermectin versus those who did not (p = 0.027). Clinician themes were: 1) Frustration when patients trust social media over clinicians; 2) Acceptance of community beliefs about UCTs; 3) Distrust originating outside of the healthcare system; 4) Feeling torn about prescribing UCTs to build trust; and 5) Variable educational strategies. When clinicians are perceived as aligned with government, this may void patients' trust of clinicians. Clinicians should leverage trust in local healthcare and distance themselves from distrusted information sources. Ethical questions arise regarding appropriateness of acquiescing to patient requests for ivermectin for building trust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Van Scoy
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Corresponding author at: Humanities and Public Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H-041, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, United States.
| | - Sarah H. Duda
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Arian Baker
- Colquitt Regional Medical Center, Moultrie, GA, United States
| | - Heather Costigan
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Morgan Loeffler
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chavda VP, Ping FF, Chen ZS. An Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Care: An Update. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122072. [PMID: 36560482 PMCID: PMC9780966 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The world has been affected socioeconomically for the last two years due to the emergence of different variants of the COVID-19 virus. Vaccination is the major and most efficient way to prevent the widening of this pandemic. Those who are having comorbidities are more vulnerable to serious infections due to their immunocompromised state. Additionally, cancer patients could be at significant risk for COVID-19. In this pandemic era, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer were significantly affected. Clinical trials at the initial stage were performed on healthy or COVID-19 infected patients. This produces a greater level of hesitancy in cancer patients. This review article provide an update regarding the vaccination and treatment for COVID-19 in patients with cancer and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Feng-Feng Ping
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Correspondence: (F.-F.P.); (Z.-S.C.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
- Correspondence: (F.-F.P.); (Z.-S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vora LK, Singla RK, Shah P, Uversky VN, Apostolopoulos V. Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives Containing Nasal Spray and Inhalation Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3658-3670. [PMID: 36284382 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221024124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major health concern worldwide and has evolved into different variants. SARS-CoV-2 possesses a spike glycoprotein on its envelope that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor of the host cell via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the upper respiratory tract. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus variants change the severity of the diesease and treatment scenarios, repurposing current medicines may provide a quick and appealing method with established safety features. The efficacy and safety of antiviral medicines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been investigated, and several of them are now undergoing clinical studies. Recently, it has been found that nitric oxide (NO) shows antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 and prevents the virus from binding to a host cell. In addition, NO is a well-known vasodilator and acts as an important coagulation mediator. With the fast-track development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, one avenue of research aimed at improving therapeutics is exploring different forms of drug delivery, including intranasal sprays and inhalation therapy. The nasal mucosa is more prone to be the site of infection as it is in more direct contact with the physical environment via air during inhalation and exhalation. Thus, the use of exogenous nasal NO therapy via the intranasal route displays a distinct advantage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the relevant actions of NO via the intranasal spray and inhalation delivery, its mechanism of action, and its use in the treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Priyal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Jedlovčnik L, Košmrlj J, Massey TE, Derdau V. Deuterated Drugs and Biomarkers in the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41840-41858. [PMID: 36440130 PMCID: PMC9685803 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initially identified in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, COVID-19 rapidly spread globally, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 can experience symptoms ranging from mild to severe (or no symptoms whatsoever). Although vaccination provides extra immunity toward SARS-CoV-2, there has been an urgent need to develop treatments for COVID-19 to alleviate symptoms for carriers of the disease. In seeking a potential treatment, deuterated compounds have played a critical role either as therapeutic agents or as internal MS standards for studying the pharmacological properties of new drugs by quantifying the parent compounds and metabolites. We have identified >70 examples of deuterium-labeled compounds associated with treatment of COVID-19. Of these, we found 9 repurposed drugs and >20 novel drugs studied for potential therapeutic roles along with a total of 38 compounds (drugs, biomarkers, and lipids) explored as internal mass spectrometry standards. This review details the synthetic pathways and modes of action of these compounds (if known), and a brief analysis of each study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Luka Jedlovčnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Thomas E. Massey
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Volker Derdau
- Research
& Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst G876, Frankfurt/Main 65926, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chavda VP, Redwan EM. SARS-CoV-2: Immunopeptidomics and Other Immunological Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111975. [PMID: 36423070 PMCID: PMC9694091 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has produced a significant continuing epidemic worldwide [...]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (E.M.R.); Tel.: +91-7030-919-407 (V.P.C.)
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (E.M.R.); Tel.: +91-7030-919-407 (V.P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Deka K, Nongrang L, Kalita T. The Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know So Far. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1926. [PMID: 36423021 PMCID: PMC9698608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The world has not yet completely overcome the fear of the havoc brought by SARS-CoV-2. The virus has undergone several mutations since its initial appearance in China in December 2019. Several variations (i.e., B.1.616.1 (Kappa variant), B.1.617.2 (Delta variant), B.1.617.3, and BA.2.75 (Omicron variant)) have emerged throughout the pandemic, altering the virus's capacity to spread, risk profile, and even symptoms. Humanity faces a serious threat as long as the virus keeps adapting and changing its fundamental function to evade the immune system. The Delta variant has two escape alterations, E484Q and L452R, as well as other mutations; the most notable of these is P681R, which is expected to boost infectivity, whereas the Omicron has about 60 mutations with certain deletions and insertions. The Delta variant is 40-60% more contagious in comparison to the Alpha variant. Additionally, the AY.1 lineage, also known as the "Delta plus" variant, surfaced as a result of a mutation in the Delta variant, which was one of the causes of the life-threatening second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, the recent Omicron variants represent a reminder that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from ending. The wave has sparked a fervor of investigation on why the variant initially appeared to propagate so much more rapidly than the other three variants of concerns (VOCs), whether it is more threatening in those other ways, and how its type of mutations, which induce minor changes in its proteins, can wreck trouble. This review sheds light on the pathogenicity, mutations, treatments, and impact on the vaccine efficacy of the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Deka
- NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Lawandashisha Nongrang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Tutumoni Kalita
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Azara, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chavda VP, Patel AB, Pandya A, Vora LK, Patravale V, Tambuwala ZM, Aljabali AAA, Serrano-Aroca Á, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM. Co-infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 and their management. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO819. [PMID: 36788985 PMCID: PMC9912272 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in Wuhan, China and quickly spread throughout the world. This deadly virus moved from person to person, resulting in severe pneumonia, fever, chills and hypoxia. Patients are still experiencing problems after recovering from COVID-19. This review covers COVID-19 and associated issues following recovery from COVID-19, as well as multiorgan damage risk factors and treatment techniques. Several unusual illnesses, including mucormycosis, white fungus infection, happy hypoxia and other systemic abnormalities, have been reported in recovered individuals. In children, multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is identified. The reasons for this might include uncontrollable steroid usage, reduced immunity, uncontrollable diabetes mellitus and inadequate care following COVID-19 recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380058, India
| | - Anjali Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Zara M Tambuwala
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Alaa AA Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid, 566, Jordan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia, 46001, Spain
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Koziński P, Karpik W, Broncel M, Fol M. BCG and SARS-CoV-2-What Have We Learned? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101641. [PMID: 36298506 PMCID: PMC9610589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite controversy over the protective effect of the BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults, it has been used worldwide since 1921. Although the first reports in the 1930s had noted a remarkable decrease in child mortality after BCG immunization, this could not be explained solely by a decrease in mortality from TB. These observations gave rise to the suggestion of nonspecific beneficial effects of BCG vaccination, beyond the desired protection against M. tuberculosis. The existence of an innate immunity-training mechanism based on epigenetic changes was demonstrated several years ago. The emergence of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 revived the debate about whether the BCG vaccine can affect the immune response against the virus or other unrelated pathogens. Due to the mortality of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is important to verify each factor that may have a potential protective value against the severe course of COVID-19, complications, and death. This paper reviews the results of numerous retrospective studies and prospective trials which shed light on the potential of a century-old vaccine to mitigate the pandemic impact of the new virus. It should be noted, however, that although there are numerous studies intending to verify the hypothesis that the BCG vaccine may have a beneficial effect on COVID-19, there is no definitive evidence on the efficacy of the BCG vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Koziński
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Health Facility Unit in Łęczyca, Zachodnia 6, 99-100 Łęczyca, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-72
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment? Foods 2022; 11:foods11182884. [PMID: 36141012 PMCID: PMC9498392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? After two years mastered by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are now witnessing a turnaround. The reduction of severe cases and deaths from COVID-19 led to increasing importance of a new disease called post-COVID syndrome. The term post-COVID is used to indicate permanency of symptoms in patients who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Immune, antiviral, antimicrobial therapies, as well as ozone therapy have been used to treat COVID-19 disease. Vaccines have then become available and administered worldwide to prevent the insurgence of the disease. However, the pandemic is not over yet at all given the emergence of new omicron variants. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this view, great interest was found in nutraceutical products, including vitamins (C, D, and E), minerals (zinc), melatonin, probiotics, flavonoids (quercetin), and curcumin. This review summarizes the role of nutraceuticals in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 disease and post-COVID syndrome.
Collapse
|
27
|
Assmus F, Driouich JS, Abdelnabi R, Vangeel L, Touret F, Adehin A, Chotsiri P, Cochin M, Foo CS, Jochmans D, Kim S, Luciani L, Moureau G, Park S, Pétit PR, Shum D, Wattanakul T, Weynand B, Fraisse L, Ioset JR, Mowbray CE, Owen A, Hoglund RM, Tarning J, de Lamballerie X, Nougairède A, Neyts J, Sjö P, Escudié F, Scandale I, Chatelain E. Need for a Standardized Translational Drug Development Platform: Lessons Learned from the Repurposing of Drugs for COVID-19. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1639. [PMID: 36014057 PMCID: PMC9460261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of drugs to treat or prevent COVID-19, drug repurposing can be a valuable strategy. Despite a substantial number of clinical trials, drug repurposing did not deliver on its promise. While success was observed with some repurposed drugs (e.g., remdesivir, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, baricitinib), others failed to show clinical efficacy. One reason is the lack of clear translational processes based on adequate preclinical profiling before clinical evaluation. Combined with limitations of existing in vitro and in vivo models, there is a need for a systematic approach to urgent antiviral drug development in the context of a global pandemic. We implemented a methodology to test repurposed and experimental drugs to generate robust preclinical evidence for further clinical development. This translational drug development platform comprises in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of SARS-CoV-2, along with pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approaches to evaluate exposure levels in plasma and target organs. Here, we provide examples of identified repurposed antiviral drugs tested within our multidisciplinary collaboration to highlight lessons learned in urgent antiviral drug development during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data confirm the importance of assessing in vitro and in vivo potency in multiple assays to boost the translatability of pre-clinical data. The value of pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations for compound prioritization is also discussed. We advocate the need for a standardized translational drug development platform for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to generate preclinical evidence in support of clinical trials. We propose clear prerequisites for progression of drug candidates for repurposing into clinical trials. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the scope and limitations of the presented translational drug development platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Assmus
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangeel
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Ayorinde Adehin
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Palang Chotsiri
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline S. Foo
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Léa Luciani
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Soonju Park
- Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Paul-Rémi Pétit
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - David Shum
- Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Thanaporn Wattanakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Departmet of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Owen
- Centre for Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Richard M. Hoglund
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Escudié
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chavda VP, Haritopoulou-Sinanidou M, Bezbaruah R, Apostolopoulos V. Vaccination efforts for Buruli Ulcer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1419-1428. [PMID: 35962475 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer is one of the most common mycobacterial diseases usually affecting poorer populations in tropical and subtropical environments. This disease, caused by M. ulcerans infection, has devastating effects for patients, with significant health and economic burden. Antibiotics are often used to treat affected individuals, but in most cases, surgery is necessary. AREA COVERED We present progress on Buruli ulcer vaccines and identify knowledge gaps in this neglected tropical disease. EXPERT OPINION The lack of appropriate infrastructure in endemic areas, as well as the severity of symptoms and lack of non-invasive treatment options, highlights the need for an effective vaccine to combat this disease. In terms of humoral immunity, it is vital to consider its significance and the magnitude to which it inhibits or slowdowns the progression of the disease. Only by answering these key questions will it be possible to tailor more appropriate vaccination and preventative provisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research Group, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Immunology Program, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vora LK, Apostolopoulos V, Uhal BD. Dendritic cell-based vaccine: the state-of-the-art vaccine platform for COVID-19 management. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1395-1403. [PMID: 35929957 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A correlation between new coronaviruses and host immunity, as well as the role of defective immune function in host response, would be extremely helpful in understanding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pathogenicity, and a coherent structure of treatments and vaccines. As existing vaccines may be inadequate for new viral variants emerging in various regions of the world, it is a vital requirement for fresh and effective therapeutic alternatives. AREA COVERED Immunotherapy may give a viable protective option for COVID-19, a disease that is currently a big burden on global health and economic systems. Herein, we have outlined three dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for COVID-19 which are in human clinical trials and have shown encouraging outcomes. EXPERT OPINION With existing knowledge of the virus, and the nature of DC, DC-based vaccines may be proven to be effective in inducing long-lasting protective immunity, especially T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380058, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sapir T, Averch Z, Lerman B, Bodzin A, Fishman Y, Maitra R. COVID-19 and the Immune Response: A Multi-Phasic Approach to the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158606. [PMID: 35955740 PMCID: PMC9369212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral agent that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease that causes flu-like symptoms that, when exacerbated, can have life-threatening consequences. COVID-19 has been linked to persistent symptoms, sequelae, and medical complications that can last months after the initial infection. This systematic review aims to elucidate the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms involved and identify potential characteristics of COVID-19 pathology that may increase symptom duration. We also describe he three different stages of COVID-19—viral replication, immune hyperactivation, and post-acute sequelae—as well as each phase’s corresponding immune response. Finally, we use this multiphasic approach to describe different treatment approaches for each of the three stages—antivirals, immunosuppressants and monoclonal antibodies, and continued immunosuppressants—to fully curate the treatment to the stage of disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Islamie R, Iksen I, Buana BC, Gurning K, Syahputra HD, Winata HS. Construction of network pharmacology-based approach and potential mechanism from major components of Coriander sativum L. against COVID-19. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e84388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite the fact that various therapeutic compounds have shown potential prevention or treatment, no specific medicine has been developed for the COVID-19 pandemic. Natural products have recently been suggested as a possible treatment option for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study focused on the potential of Coriander sativum L. (CSL) against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology approach. Interested candidates of CSL were identified by searching accessible databases for protein–protein interactions with the COVID-19. An additional GO and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out in order to identify the related mechanism of action. In the end, 51 targets were obtained through network pharmacology analysis with EGFR, AR, JAK2, PARP1, and CTSB become the core target. CSL may have favorable effects on COVID-19 through a number of important pathways, according to GO and KEGG pathway analyses. These findings suggest that CSL may prevent and inhibit the several processes related to COVID-19.
Collapse
|
32
|
Aged Population and Immunocompromised Patients: Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Treatment Outcomes. Biologics 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics2030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with an immunocompromised state are at risk of developing a long-term infection from the coronavirus 2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) [...]
Collapse
|
33
|
Chavda VP, Soni S, Prajapati R, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. Reply to the letter ' Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variant'. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:905-908. [PMID: 35787091 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, K B Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidhyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Riddhi Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
de Oliveira Campos DM, da Silva MK, Silva de Oliveira CB, Fulco UL, Nobre Oliveira JI. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variant. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:903-904. [PMID: 35787018 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Melo de Oliveira Campos
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campos Central, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brasil
| | - Maria Karolaynne da Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campos Central, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brasil
| | - Claudio Bruno Silva de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campos Central, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brasil
| | - Umberto Laino Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campos Central, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brasil
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campos Central, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vaghasiya DD. SARS-CoV-2 variants and vulnerability at the global level. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2986-3005. [PMID: 35277864 PMCID: PMC9088647 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have evolved. Viral variants may evolve with harmful susceptibility to the immunity established with the existing COVID-19 vaccination. These variants are more transmissible, induce relatively extreme illness, have evasive immunological features, decrease neutralization using antibodies from vaccinated persons, and are more susceptible to re-infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has categorized SARS-CoV-2 mutations as variants of interest (VOI), variants of concern (VOC), and variants of high consequence (VOHC). At the moment, four VOC and many variants of interest have been defined and require constant observation. This review article summarizes various variants of SARS-CoV-2 surfaced with special emphasis on VOCs that are spreading across the world, as well as several viral mutational impacts and how these modifications alter the properties of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyL.M. College of PharmacyAhmedabadGujaratIndia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Krishnan A, Gangadaran P, Chavda VP, Jogalekar MP, Muthusamy R, Valu D, Vadivalagan C, Ramani P, Laishevtcev A, Katari NK, Ahn BC. Convalescent serum-derived exosomes: Attractive niche as COVID-19 diagnostic tool and vehicle for mRNA delivery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1244-1252. [PMID: 35549570 PMCID: PMC9379609 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221092984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 over the entire world is more commonly known as COVID-19. COVID-19 has impacted society in every aspect of routine life. SARS-CoV-2 infection is often misdiagnosed as influenza or seasonal upper respiratory tract viral infections. General diagnostic tools can detect the viral antigen or isotypes of antibodies. However, inter- and intraindividual variations in antibody levels can cause false negatives in antibody immunoassays. On the contrary, the false-positive test results can also occur due to either cross-reactivity of the viral antigens or some other patient-related autoimmune factors. There is need for a cogent diagnostic tool with more specificity, selectivity, and reliability. Here, we have described the potential of convalescent serum-derived exosome as a diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, even in asymptomatic patients, which is a limitation for currently practiced diagnostic tests throughout the globe. In addition, its potential as a vehicle for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery is also emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Manasi P Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ramesh Muthusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Omega College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad 501301, India
| | - Disha Valu
- Research and Development, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad 382213, India
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AKFA University, Tashkent 100042, Uzbekistan
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Lab, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India,Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Alexey Laishevtcev
- Federal Research Center—All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Y.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia,Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel 302026, Russia
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea,Byeong-Cheol Ahn.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chavda VP, Hanuma Kumar Ghali EN, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. Therapeutics to tackle Omicron outbreak. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:833-838. [PMID: 35678049 PMCID: PMC9180252 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this commentary, the authors have focused on the mutational impact of the Omicron variant on the current therapeutics to manage #COVID19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380008, India
| | - Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia.,Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chavda VP, Prajapati R, Lathigara D, Nagar B, Kukadiya J, Redwan EM, Uversky VN, Kher MN, Rajvi P. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 management: an update. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:763-780. [PMID: 35604379 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2078160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first case of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral disease in the world was announced on 31st December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, this virus has affected more than 440 million people, and today the world is facing different mutant strains of the virus, leading to increased morbidity rates, fatality rates, and surfacing re-infections. Various therapies, such as prophylactic treatments, repurposed drug treatments, convalescent plasma, and polyclonal antibody therapy have been developed to help combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). AREA COVERED This review article provides insights into the basic aspects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the therapy of COVID-19, as well as its advancement in terms of clinical trial and current approval status. EXPERT OPINION Monoclonal antibodies represents the most effective and viable therapy and/or prophylaxis option against COVID-19, and have shown a reduction of the viral load, as well as lowering hospitalizations and death rates. In different countries, various mAbs are undergoing different phases of clinical trials, with a few of them having entered phases III and IV. Due to the soaring number of cases worldwide, the FDA has given emergency approval for the mAb combinations bamlanivimab with etesevimab and casirivimab with imdevimab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Riddhi Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Disha Lathigara
- Biocharecterization Lab, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhumi Nagar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jay Kukadiya
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Mukesh N Kher
- Department of Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Patel Rajvi
- Drug Product Development Lab, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang Z, Chavda VP, Vora LK, Gajjar N, Apostolopoulos V, Shah N, Chen ZS. 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and its Derivatives for the COVID-19 Treatment: An Update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899633. [PMID: 35496298 PMCID: PMC9041304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment choices for the “severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)” are inadequate, having no clarity on efficacy and safety profiles. Currently, no established intervention has lowered the mortality rate in the “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)” patients. Recently, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has evaluated as a polypharmacological agent for COVID-19 therapy owing to its influence on the glycolytic pathway, interaction with viral proteins, and anti-inflammatory action. In May 2020, the Indian drug regulatory authority approved 2-DG as an emergency adjunct therapy in mild to severe COVID-19 patients. Clinical studies of 2-DG corroborate that it aids in faster recovery of hospitalized patients and decreases supplemental oxygen. Herein, we describe the development process, synthesis, mechanism of viral eradication, and preclinical and clinical development of 2-DG and its derivatives as molecularly targeted therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
| | - Normi Gajjar
- PharmD Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York City, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Replicating Viral Vector-Based Vaccines for COVID-19: Potential Avenue in Vaccination Arena. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040759. [PMID: 35458489 PMCID: PMC9025561 DOI: 10.3390/v14040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” is the third member of human coronavirus (CoV) that is held accountable for the current “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” pandemic. In the past two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of two other similar CoVs, namely SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2013. The extent of spread of these earlier versions was relatively low in comparison to SARS-CoV-2. Despite having numerous reports inclined towards the zoonotic origin of the virus, one cannot simply sideline the fact that no animal originated CoV is thus far identified that is considered similar to the initial edition of SARS-CoV-2; however, under-sampling of the diverse variety of coronaviruses remains a concern. Vaccines are proved to be an effective tool for bringing the end to such a devastating pandemic. Many vaccine platforms are explored for the same but in this review paper, we will discuss the potential of replicating viral vectors as vaccine carriers for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chavda VP, Apostolopoulos V. Is Booster Dose Strategy Sufficient for Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:367. [PMID: 35334999 PMCID: PMC8950261 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is emerging in communities where people were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and are now being vaccinated, or where many people have received two or three coronavirus vaccination doses. More than 130 countries around the globe have implemented booster dose programs for tackling omicron endemics. Despite early findings shows that booster doses may improve omicron protection, more research is needed to establish vaccination efficacy. This short communication tries to critically discuss the research work findings around booster dose strategy for omicron endemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujrat, India;
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chavda VP, Apostolopoulos V. Global impact of delta plus variant and vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:597-600. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2044800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chavda VP, Vuppu S, Mishra T, Kamaraj S, Patel AB, Sharma N, Chen ZS. Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1120-1148. [PMID: 36214969 PMCID: PMC9549062 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The idiopathic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached global proportions; the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a public health emergency during the month of January 30, 2020. The major causes of the rise of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are genetic mutations and recombination. Some of the variants with high infection and transmission rates are termed as variants of concern (VOCs) like currently Omicron variants. Pregnant women, aged people, and immunosuppressed and compromised patients constitute the most susceptible human population to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially to the new evolving VOCs. To effectively manage the pathological condition of infection, the focus should be directed towards prevention and prophylactic approach. In this narrative review, we aimed to analyze the current scenario of COVID-19 management and discuss the treatment and prevention strategies. We also focused on the complications prevalent during the COVID-19 and post-COVID period and to discuss the novel approaches developed for mitigation of the global pandemic. We have also emphasized on the COVID-19 management approaches for the special population including children, pregnant women, aged groups, and immunocompromised patients. We conclude that the advancements in therapeutic and pharmacological domains have provided opportunities to develop and design novel diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. New advanced techniques such as RT-LAMP, RT-qPCR, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, etc., efficiently diagnose patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the case of treatment options, new drugs like paxlovid, combinations of β-lactum drugs and molnupiravir are found to be effective against even the new emerging variants. In addition, vaccination is an essential approach to prevent the infection or to reduce its severity. Vaccines for against COVID-19 from Comirnaty by Pfizer-BioNTech, SpikeVax by Moderna, and Vaxzevria by Oxford-AstraZeneca are approved and used widely. Similarly, numerous vaccines have been developed with different percentages of effectiveness against VOCs. New developments like nanotechnology and AI can be beneficial in providing an efficient and reliable solution for the suppression of SARS-CoV-2. Public health concerns can be efficiently treated by a unified scientific approach, public engagement, and better diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- grid.419037.80000 0004 1765 7930Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Toshika Mishra
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sathvika Kamaraj
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aayushi B. Patel
- grid.419037.80000 0004 1765 7930Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY 11439 USA
| |
Collapse
|