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NIR-II probe modified by poly(L-lysine) with efficient ovalbumin delivery for dendritic cell tracking. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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2
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Zhang N, Liu S, Shi S, Chen Y, Xu F, Wei X, Xu Y. Solubilization and delivery of Ursolic-acid for modulating tumor microenvironment and regulatory T cell activities in cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 320:168-178. [PMID: 31926193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a potent triterpenoid compound found in plants and fruits with activities modulating key cell signaling pathways involving STATs, NF-κB, and TRAIL. But it's highly hydrophobic and very poorly soluble in nature. It had been prepared as nanocrystals, solid dispersion and loaded in nanoparticles but the achieved systemic exposure and circulation half-life were not ideal. We reported the development of UA-liposomes made by HPβCD assisted active loading. Compared to lipid suspensions of UA (Lipid-UA) with similar lipid composition, the novel process enabled the formation of UA-Ca crystalline structures inside the liposomes and therefore sustained release of UA in vivo. While the UA-liposomes were not generally toxic towards 4T1 triple negative breast cancer cells, they could effectively modulate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells from 4T1 tumor bearing mouse by inhibiting STAT5 phosphorylation and IL-10 secretion. In vivo administration of UA-liposomes at 10 mg/kg dose led to reduced numbers of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) residing in tumor tissues. These changes signified the correction of the tumor mediated immune-suppressive microenvironment. The UA-liposomes treatment alone was already effective in deterring tumor growth. Such a formulation may be highly promising as an immunotherapy agent and be combined with chemotherapeutics or targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shounan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuetan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, China.
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3
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Nachlas ALY, Li S, Jha R, Singh M, Xu C, Davis ME. Human iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in PEGDA hydrogels mature into valve interstitial-like cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:235-246. [PMID: 29505894 PMCID: PMC5907941 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV), a major challenge is identifying a cell source for seeding TEHV scaffolds. Native heart valves are durable because valve interstitial cells (VICs) maintain tissue homeostasis by synthesizing and remodeling the extracellular matrix. This study demonstrates that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) can be derived from iPSCs using a feeder-free protocol and then further matured into VICs by encapsulation within 3D hydrogels. The differentiation efficiency was characterized using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry staining, and trilineage differentiation. Using our feeder-free differentiation protocol, iMSCs were differentiated from iPSCs and had CD90+, CD44+, CD71+, αSMA+, and CD45- expression. Furthermore, iMSCs underwent trilineage differentiation when cultured in induction media for 21 days. iMSCs were then encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels grafted with adhesion peptide (RGDS) to promote remodeling and further maturation into VIC-like cells. VIC phenotype was assessed by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), vimentin, and collagen production after 28 days. When MSC-derived cells were encapsulated in PEGDA hydrogels that mimic the leaflet modulus, a decrease in αSMA expression and increase in vimentin was observed. In addition, iMSCs synthesized collagen type I after 28 days in 3D hydrogel culture. Thus, the results from this study suggest that iMSCs may be a promising cell source for TEHV. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Developing a suitable cell source is a critical component for the success and durability of tissue engineered heart valves. The significance of this study is the generation of iPSCs-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) that have the capacity to mature into valve interstitial-like cells when introduced into a 3D cell culture designed to mimic the layers of the valve leaflet. iMSCs were generated using a feeder-free protocol, which is one major advantage over other methods, as it is more clinically relevant. In addition to generating a potential new cell source for heart valve tissue engineering, this study also highlights the importance of a 3D culture environment to influence cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L Y Nachlas
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Siyi Li
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajneesh Jha
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Monalisa Singh
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Yapa AS, Wang H, Wendel SO, Shrestha TB, Kariyawasam N, Kalubowilage M, Perera AS, Pyle M, Basel MT, Malalasekera AP, Manawadu H, Yu J, Toledo Y, Ortega R, Thapa PS, Smith PE, Troyer DL, Bossmann SH. Peptide nanosponges designed for rapid uptake by leukocytes and neural stem cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16052-16060. [PMID: 35542227 PMCID: PMC9080234 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of novel binary nanosponges consisting of (cholesterol-(K/D)nDEVDGC)3-trimaleimide units possessing a trigonal maleimide linker, to which either lysine (K)20 or aspartic acid (D)20 are tethered, has been elucidated by means of TEM. A high degree of agreement between these findings and structure predictions through explicit solvent and then coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been found. Based on the nanosponges' structure and dynamics, caspase-6 mediated release of the model drug 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the binary (DK20) nanosponges have been found to be virtually non-toxic in cultures of neural progenitor cells. It is of a special importance for the future development of cell-based therapies that DK20 nanosponges were taken up efficiently by leucocytes (WBC) in peripheral blood within 3 h of exposure. The percentage of live cells among the WBC was not significantly decreased by the DK20 nanosponges. In contrast to stem cell or leucocyte cell cultures, which have to be matched to the patient, autologous cells are optimal for cell-mediated therapy. Therefore, the nanosponges hold great promise for effective cell-based tumor targeting. Nanosponges for drug delivery.![]()
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Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Wang X, Ma C, Jiang X, Wu T, Wang D, Zhan L. Mature dendritic cell derived from cryopreserved immature dendritic cell shows impaired homing ability and reduced anti-viral therapeutic effects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39071. [PMID: 27958383 PMCID: PMC5153632 DOI: 10.1038/srep39071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is critical in reducing redundant operations and also in quality control in dendritic cell (DC) therapy. Full maturation and efficient homing of DCs to T cell-region constitute a crucial aspect of DC immunotherapy; however, the in vivo migration and distribution pattern, as well as the anti-viral effect of DCs that matured from cryopreserved immature DCs (cryoim-mDCs) remain to be revealed. In the present study, we compared cryoim-mDCs with DCs matured from fresh immature DCs (fmDCs) in the aspects of phenotypes, in vivo homing capacities as well as the anti-viral therapeutic effects to further clarify the effect of cryopreservation on DC-based cytotherapy. The results showed that cryopreservation impaired the homing ability of DCs which was associated with the reduced expression of CCR7 and disturbed cytoskeleton arrangement. Moreover, the antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response induced by cryoim-mDCs was much weaker than that induced by fmDCs in both the spleen and liver draining lymph nodes, which provided reduced protection from viral invasions. In conclusion, cryopreservation is a good method to keep the viability of immature DCs, however, the in vivo homing capacity and anti-viral therapeutic effect of DCs matured from frozen immature DCs were hindered to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cong Ma
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Donggen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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6
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Direct Delivery of Antigens to Dendritic Cells via Antibodies Specific for Endocytic Receptors as a Promising Strategy for Future Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4020008. [PMID: 27043640 PMCID: PMC4931625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen presenting cells and are therefore indispensable for the control of immunity. The technique of antibody mediated antigen targeting to DC subsets has been the basis of intense research for more than a decade. Many murine studies have utilized this approach of antigen delivery to various kinds of endocytic receptors of DCs both in vitro and in vivo. Today, it is widely accepted that different DC subsets are important for the induction of select immune responses. Nevertheless, many questions still remain to be answered, such as the actual influence of the targeted receptor on the initiation of the immune response to the delivered antigen. Further efforts to better understand the induction of antigen-specific immune responses will support the transfer of this knowledge into novel treatment strategies for human diseases. In this review, we will discuss the state-of-the-art aspects of the basic principles of antibody mediated antigen targeting approaches. A table will also provide a broad overview of the latest studies using antigen targeting including addressed DC subset, targeted receptors, outcome, and applied coupling techniques.
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Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Du J, Li Y, Zhou Y, Fu Q, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhan L. Different-Sized Gold Nanoparticle Activator/Antigen Increases Dendritic Cells Accumulation in Liver-Draining Lymph Nodes and CD8+ T Cell Responses. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2678-92. [PMID: 26771692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The lack of efficient antigen and activator delivery systems, as well as the restricted migration of dendritic cells (DCs) to secondary lymph organs, dramatically limits DC-based adoptive immunotherapy. We selected two spherical gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based vehicles of optimal size for activator and antigen delivery. Their combination (termed the NanoAu-Cocktail) was associated with the dual targeting of CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs) and an OVA peptide (OVAp) to DC subcellular compartments, inducing enhanced antigen cross-presentation, upregulated expression of costimulatory molecules and elevated secretion of T helper1 cytokines. We demonstrated that the intravenously transfused NanoAu-Cocktail pulsed DCs showed dramatically improved in vivo homing ability to lymphoid tissues and were settled in T cell area. Especially, by tissue-distribution analysis, we found that more than 60% of lymphoid tissues-homing DCs accumulated in liver-draining lymph nodes (LLNs). The improved homing ability of NanoAu-Cocktail pulsed DCs was associated with the high expression of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and rearrangement of the cytoskeletons. In addition, by antigen-specific tetramers detection, NanoAu-Cocktail pulsed DCs were proved able to elicit strong antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, which provided enhanced protection from viral invasions. This study highlights the importance of codelivering antigen/adjuvant using different sized gold nanoparticles to improve DC homing and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, TaiPing Road 27, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
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Wang SY, Yang ZJ, Zhang L. Olanzapine for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9587-92. [PMID: 25520071 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are common adverse events in chemotherapy. In spite of the serious effects on the quality of life and further treatment, they remain overlooked by physicians, and no standard treatment has been developed. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists and palonosetron are the major agents in the standard regimen for treating moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). However, NK-1 receptor antagonists first became commercially available at the end of 2013 and palonosetron has not been extensively applied in China. Olanzapine was recommended as a therapy for moderate and severe CINV in antiemesis-clinical practice guidelines in oncology in 2014 for the first time. It is an atypical antipsychotic agent, which can block multiple receptors on neurotransmitters. During more than 10 years, olanzapine has demonstrated significant effects in preventing CINV and treating breakthrough and refractor CINV, which was observed in case reports, precise retrospective studies, and phase I, II and III clinical trials, with no grade 3 to 4 adverse events. In particular, it is superior to aprepitant and dexamethasone in delayed nausea and vomiting. Therefore, this compound is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Wang
- Department of Biotherapy and Laboratory of Biotherapy, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China E-mail : ,
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Lyday B, Chen T, Kesari S, Minev B. Overcoming tumor immune evasion with an unique arbovirus. J Transl Med 2015; 13:3. [PMID: 25592450 PMCID: PMC4307212 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining dendritic cell vaccination with the adjuvant effect of a strain of dengue virus may be a way to overcome known tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Dengue is unique among viruses as primary infections carry lower mortality than the common cold, but secondary infections carry significant risk of hypovolemic shock. While current immuno-therapies rely on a single axis of attack, this approach combines physiological (hyperthermic reduction of tumor perfusion), immunological (activation of effector cells of the adaptive and innate immune system), and apoptosis-inducing pathways (sTRAIL) to destroy tumor cells. The premise of using multiple mechanisms of action in synergy with a decline in the ability of the tumor cells to employ resistance methods suggests the potential of this combination approach in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Neurosciences, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Boris Minev
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Division of Neurosurgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA, 92109, USA.
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Bracci L, Capone I, Moschella F, Proietti E, Belardelli F. Exploiting dendritic cells in the development of cancer vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:1195-210. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2013.836905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Human induced pluripotent stem cells from basic research to potential clinical applications in cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:430290. [PMID: 24288679 PMCID: PMC3830845 DOI: 10.1155/2013/430290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are derived from a direct reprogramming of human somatic cells to a pluripotent stage through ectopic expression of specific transcription factors. These cells have two important properties, which are the self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into any cell type of the human body. So, the discovery of hiPSCs opens new opportunities in biomedical sciences, since these cells may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of diseases in the production of new diseases models, in drug development/drug toxicity tests, gene therapies, and cell replacement therapies. However, the hiPSCs technology has limitations including the potential for the development of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities leading to tumorigenicity. Nowadays, basic research in the hiPSCs field has made progress in the application of new strategies with the aim to enable an efficient production of high-quality of hiPSCs for safety and efficacy, necessary to the future application for clinical practice. In this review, we show the recent advances in hiPSCs' basic research and some potential clinical applications focusing on cancer. We also present the importance of the use of statistical methods to evaluate the possible validation for the hiPSCs for future therapeutic use toward personalized cell therapies.
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Improved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune responses to a tumor antigen by vaccines co-expressing the SLAM-associated adaptor EAT-2. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:564-75. [PMID: 23949283 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated adaptor Ewing's sarcoma's-activated transcript 2 (EAT-2) is primarily expressed in dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells. Including EAT-2 in a vaccination regimen enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses toward pathogen-derived antigens, even in the face of pre-existing vaccine immunity. Herein, we investigate whether co-vaccinations with two recombinant Ad5 (rAd5) vectors, one expressing the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and one expressing EAT-2, can induce more potent CEA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antitumor activity in the therapeutic CEA-expressing MC-38 tumor model. Our results suggest that inclusion of EAT-2 significantly alters the kinetics of Th1-biasing proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses, and enhances anti-CEA-specific CTL responses. As a result, rAd5-EAT2-augmented rAd5-CEA vaccinations are more efficient in eliminating CEA-expressing target cells as measured by an in vivo CTL assay. Administration of rAd5-EAT2 vaccines also reduced the rate of growth of MC-38 tumor growth in vivo. Also, an increase in MC-38 tumor cell apoptosis (as measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining, active caspase-3 and granzyme B levels within the tumors) was observed. These data provide evidence that more efficient, CEA-specific effector T cells are generated by rAd5 vaccines expressing CEA, when augmented by rAd5 vaccines expressing EAT-2, and this regimen may be a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy in general.
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Nasi A, Fekete T, Krishnamurthy A, Snowden S, Rajnavölgyi E, Catrina AI, Wheelock CE, Vivar N, Rethi B. Dendritic Cell Reprogramming by Endogenously Produced Lactic Acid. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3090-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Qi CJ, Ning YL, Han YS, Min HY, Ye H, Zhu YL, Qian KQ. Autologous dendritic cell vaccine for estrogen receptor (ER)/progestin receptor (PR) double-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1415-24. [PMID: 22290073 PMCID: PMC11029792 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A wealth of preclinical information, as well as a modest amount of clinical information, indicates that dendritic cell vaccines have therapeutic potential. The aim of this work was to assess the immune response, disease progression, and post-treatment survival of ER/PR double-negative stage II/IIIA breast cancer patients vaccinated with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumor lysates. METHODS Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines were generated from CD14+ precursors pulsed with autologous tumor lysates. DCs were matured with defined factors that induced surface marker and cytokine production. Individuals were immunized intradermally four times. Specific delayed type IV hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, ex vivo cytokine production, and lymphocyte subsets were determined for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency. Overall survival and disease progression rates were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and compared with those of contemporaneous patients who were not administered DC vaccines. RESULTS There were no unanticipated or serious adverse effects. DC vaccines elicited Th1 cytokine secretion and increased NK cells, CD8+ IFN-+ cells but decreased the percentage of CD3+ T cells and CD3+ HLA-DR+ T cells in the peripheral blood. Approximately 58% (18/31) of patients had a DTH-positive reaction. There was no difference in overall survival between the patients with and without DC vaccine. The 3-year progression-free survival was significantly prolonged: 76.9% versus 31.0% (with vs. without DC vaccine, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings strongly suggest that tumor lysate-pulsed DCs provide a standardized and widely applicable source of breast cancer antigens that are very effective in evoking anti-breast cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jian Qi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, 213003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ling Ning
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, 213003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-Shan Han
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Min
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, 213003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, 213003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qing Qian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, 213003 People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Many immunotherapeutic agents in phase II cancer studies have given optimistic results, which were not confirmed in larger randomized studies. Here we explore the evidence that, contrary to previous opinion, many chemotherapeutic agents and other classes of drugs may enhance the response to therapeutic vaccines by reducing inflammation and/or by inhibiting regulatory T lymphocytes or myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, some of these agents, such as the immunomodulatory drugs, may produce marked costimulatory activities as in the case of lenalidomide, which also has marked anti-inflammatory properties. With the first approval for a vaccine-based therapy for prostate cancer, we propose that many more vaccines will be able to achieve approval, especially when combined with the optimal chemotherapy and/or immunomodulatory drug schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai M Liu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Optimizing dendritic cell-based immunotherapy: tackling the complexity of different arms of the immune system. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:690643. [PMID: 22851815 PMCID: PMC3407661 DOI: 10.1155/2012/690643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier investigations have revealed a surprising complexity and variety in the range of interaction between cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Our understanding of the specialized roles of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in innate and adaptive immune responses has been significantly advanced over the years. Because of their immunoregulatory capacities and because very small numbers of activated DC are highly efficient at generating immune responses against antigens, DCs have been vigorously used in clinical trials in order to elicit or amplify immune responses against cancer and chronic infectious diseases. A better insight in DC immunobiology and function has stimulated many new ideas regarding the potential ways forward to improve DC therapy in a more fundamental way. Here, we discuss the continuous search for optimal in vitro conditions in order to generate clinical-grade DC with a potent immunogenic potential. For this, we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adequate immune responses and focus on most favourable DC culture regimens and activation stimuli in humans. We envisage that by combining each of the features outlined in the current paper into a unified strategy, DC-based vaccines may advance to a higher level of effectiveness.
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Immunopharmacologic response of patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia to continuous infusion of T cell-engaging CD19/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody blinatumomab. Blood 2012; 119:6226-33. [PMID: 22592608 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-400515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging CD19/CD3-bispecific BiTE Ab blinatumomab has shown an 80% complete molecular response rate and prolonged leukemia-free survival in patients with minimal residual B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MRD(+) B-ALL). Here, we report that lymphocytes in all patients of a phase 2 study responded to continuous infusion of blinatumomab in a strikingly similar fashion. After start of infusion, B-cell counts dropped to < 1 B cell/μL within an average of 2 days and remained essentially undetectable for the entire treatment period. By contrast, T-cell counts in all patients declined to a nadir within < 1 day and recovered to baseline within a few days. T cells then expanded and on average more than doubled over baseline within 2-3 weeks under continued infusion of blinatumomab. A significant percentage of reappearing CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells newly expressed activation marker CD69. Shortly after start of infusion, a transient release of cytokines dominated by IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ was observed, which no longer occurred on start of a second treatment cycle. The response of lymphocytes in leukemic patients to continuous infusion of blinatumomab helps to better understand the mode of action of this and other globally T cell-engaging Abs. The trial is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00560794.
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Liu WM, Fowler DW, Gravett AM, Smith P, Dalgleish AG. Supernatants from lymphocytes stimulated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin can modify the antigenicity of tumours and stimulate allogeneic T-cell responses. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:687-93. [PMID: 21829193 PMCID: PMC3188926 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reduced expression of class 1 human leucocyte antigens (HLA1) is often a mechanism by which tumours evade surveillance by the host immune system. This is often associated with an immune function that is unable to mount appropriate responses against disease, which can result in a state that favours carcinogenesis. Methods: In the current study, we have explored the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on the cytokine output of leucocytes, which is a key determinant in generating antitumour action, and have also assessed the effect of these cytokine cocktails on HLA1 expression in solid tumour cell lines. Results: BCG potently activated a broad range of leucocytes, and also enhanced the production of cytokines that were Th1-predominant. Supernatants from BCG-treated leucocytes significantly increased the expression of HLA1 on the surface of cancer cell lines, which correlated with increased cytolytic T-cell activity. We also showed that the increased HLA1 expression was associated with activation of intracellular signalling pathways, which was triggered by the increases in the Th1-cytokines interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α, as counteracting their effects negated the enhancement. Conclusion: These studies reaffirm the role of BCG as a putative immunotherapy through their cytokine-modifying effects on leucocytes and their capacity to enhance tumour visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Liu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, 2nd floor, Jenner Wing, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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