1
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Saffie-Siebert S, Alam I, Sutera FM, Dehsorkhi A, Torabi-Pour N, Baran-Rachwalska P, Iamartino L, Teti A, Maurizi A, Gerard-O'Riley RL, Acton D, Econs MJ. Effect of Allele-Specific Clcn7 G213R siRNA Delivered Via a Novel Nanocarrier on Bone Phenotypes in ADO2 Mice on 129S Background. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:85-96. [PMID: 38733412 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2) is a rare inherited bone disorder characterised by dense but brittle bones. It displays striking phenotypic variability, with the most severe symptoms, including blindness and bone marrow failure. Disease management largely relies on symptomatic treatment since there is no safe and effective treatment. Most ADO2 cases are caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the CLCN7 gene, which encodes an essential Cl-/H+ antiporter for proper bone resorption by osteoclasts. Thus, siRNA-mediated silencing of the mutant allele is a promising therapeutic approach, but targeting bone for first-in-human translation remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the utility of silicon-stabilised hybrid lipid nanoparticles (sshLNPs) as a next-generation nucleic acid nanocarrier capable of delivering allele-specific siRNA to bone. Using a Clcn7G213R knock-in mouse model recapitulating one of the most common human ADO2 mutations and based on the 129S genetic background (which produces the most severe disease phenotype amongst current models), we show substantial knockdown of the mutant allele in femur when siRNA targeting the pathogenic variant is delivered by sshLNPs. We observed lower areal bone mineral density in femur and reduced trabecular thickness in femur and tibia, when siRNA-loaded sshLNPs were administered subcutaneously (representing the most relevant administration route for clinical adoption and patient adherence). Importantly, sshLNPs have improved stability over conventional LNPs and enable 'post hoc loading' for point-of-care formulation. The treatment was well tolerated, suggesting that sshLNP-enabled gene therapy might allow successful clinical translation of essential new treatments for ADO2 and potentially other rare genetic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imranul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita L Gerard-O'Riley
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Dena Acton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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2
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Adesanya O, Das D, Kalsotra A. Emerging roles of RNA-binding proteins in fatty liver disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1840. [PMID: 38613185 PMCID: PMC11018357 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A rampant and urgent global health issue of the 21st century is the emergence and progression of fatty liver disease (FLD), including alcoholic fatty liver disease and the more heterogenous metabolism-associated (or non-alcoholic) fatty liver disease (MAFLD/NAFLD) phenotypes. These conditions manifest as disease spectra, progressing from benign hepatic steatosis to symptomatic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. With numerous intricately regulated molecular pathways implicated in its pathophysiology, recent data have emphasized the critical roles of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the onset and development of FLD. They regulate gene transcription and post-transcriptional processes, including pre-mRNA splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, as well as mature mRNA transport, stability, and translation. RBP dysfunction at every point along the mRNA life cycle has been associated with altered lipid metabolism and cellular stress response, resulting in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the role of RBPs in the post-transcriptional processes associated with FLD and highlight the possible and emerging therapeutic strategies leveraging RBP function for FLD treatment. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diptatanu Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center @ Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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3
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Khaitov M, Nikonova A, Kofiadi I, Shilovskiy I, Smirnov V, Elisytina O, Maerle A, Shatilov A, Shatilova A, Andreev S, Sergeev I, Trofimov D, Latysheva T, Ilyna N, Martynov A, Rabdano S, Ruzanova E, Savelev N, Pletiukhina I, Safi A, Ratnikov V, Gorelov V, Kaschenko V, Kucherenko N, Umarova I, Moskaleva S, Fabrichnikov S, Zuev O, Pavlov N, Kruchko D, Berzin I, Goryachev D, Merkulov V, Shipulin G, Udin S, Trukhin V, Valenta R, Skvortsova V. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36721963 DOI: 10.1111/all.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently causes severe and prolonged disease but only few specific treatments are available. We aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation MIR 19® (siR-7-EM/KK-46) targeting a conserved sequence in known SARS-CoV-2 variants for treatment of COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an open-label, randomized, controlled multicenter phase II trial (NCT05184127) evaluating safety and efficacy of inhaled siR-7-EM/KK-46 (3.7 mg and 11.1 mg/day: low and high dose, respectively) in comparison with standard etiotropic drug treatment (control group) in patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 (N = 52 for each group). The primary endpoint was the time to clinical improvement according to predefined criteria within 14 days of randomization. RESULTS Patients from the low-dose group achieved the primary endpoint defined by simultaneous achievement of relief of fever, normalization of respiratory rate, reduction of coughing, and oxygen saturation of >95% for 48 h significantly earlier (median 6 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5-7, HR 1.75, p = .0005) than patients from the control group (8 days; 95% CI: 7-10). No significant clinical efficacy was observed for the high-dose group. Adverse events were reported in 26 (50.00%), 25 (48.08%), and 28 (53.85%) patients from the low-, high-dose and control group, respectively. None of them were associated with siR-7-EM/KK-46. CONCLUSIONS siR-7-EM/KK-46, a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation is safe, well tolerated and significantly reduces time to clinical improvement in patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 compared to standard therapy in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Nikonova
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kofiadi
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy Smirnov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisytina
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Maerle
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shatilov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shatilova
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Andreev
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Latysheva
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ilyna
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Martynov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sevastyan Rabdano
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ellina Ruzanova
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Savelev
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iuliia Pletiukhina
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ariana Safi
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Ratnikov
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor Gorelov
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor Kaschenko
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalya Kucherenko
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Umarova
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Moskaleva
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei Fabrichnikov
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Zuev
- Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Pavlov
- Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kruchko
- Federal Medico-biological Agency of Russia (FMBA Russia), Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Berzin
- Federal Medico-biological Agency of Russia (FMBA Russia), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Goryachev
- Centre for Evaluation and Control of Finished Pharmaceutical Products, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Merkulov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Evaluation and Control of Finished Pharmaceutical Products, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Udin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Trukhin
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Healthcare, Krems, Austria
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Karimov M, Ewe A, Aigner A, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Comparison of tyrosine-modified low molecular weight branched and linear polyethylenimines for siRNA delivery. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:867-882. [PMID: 36697400 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2159891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been previously introduced for siRNA delivery. In particular, in the case of higher molecular weight PEIs, this is associated with toxicity, while low molecular weight PEIs are often insufficient for siRNA complexation. The tyrosine-modification of PEIs has been shown to enhance PEI efficacy and biocompatibility. This paper evaluates a set of tyrosine-modified low molecular weight linear or branched polyethylenimines as efficient carriers of siRNA. Complexation efficacies and biophysical complex properties were analyzed by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism measurements as well as gel electrophoresis. Biological knockdown was studied in 2 D cell culture and 3 D ex vivo tissue slice air-liquid interface culture. The results demonstrate that siRNAs were able to form stable complexes with all tested polymers. Complexation was able to protect siRNA from degradation by RNase and to mediate target gene knockdown, as determined on the mRNA level and in PC3-Luc3/EGFP and HCT116-Luc3/EGFP expressing reporter cells on the protein level, using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The direct comparison of the studied polymers revealed differences in biological efficacies. Moreover, the tyrosine-modified PEIs showed high biocompatibility, as determined by LDH release and mitochondria integrity (J-aggregate assay) as well as caspase 3/7 (apoptosis) and H2O2 levels (ROS). In 3 D tissue slices, complexes based on LP10Y proved to be most efficient, by combining tissue penetration with efficient gene expression knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Leipzig
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Leipzig
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Leipzig
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Ding Y, Zhang Y, Liu X. Combinational treatments of RNA interference and extracellular vesicles in the spinocerebellar ataxia. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1043947. [PMID: 36311034 PMCID: PMC9606576 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1043947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease (ND) with a high mortality rate. Symptomatic treatment is the only clinically adopted treatment. However, it has poor effect and serious complications. Traditional diagnostic methods [such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] have drawbacks. Presently, the superiority of RNA interference (RNAi) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in improving SCA has attracted extensive attention. Both can serve as the potential biomarkers for the diagnosing and monitoring disease progression. Herein, we analyzed the basis and prospect of therapies for SCA. Meanwhile, we elaborated the development and application of miRNAs, siRNAs, shRNAs, and EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of SCA. We propose the combination of RNAi and EVs to avoid the adverse factors of their respective treatment and maximize the benefits of treatment through the technology of EVs loaded with RNA. Obviously, the combinational therapy of RNAi and EVs may more accurately diagnose and cure SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu,
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6
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Abstract
The highly specific induction of RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown, based on the direct application of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), opens novel avenues towards innovative therapies. Two decades after the discovery of the RNA interference mechanism, the first siRNA drugs received approval for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency between 2018 and 2022. These are mainly based on an siRNA conjugation with a targeting moiety for liver hepatocytes, N-acetylgalactosamine, and cover the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria, transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, hypercholesterolemia, and primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Still, the development of siRNA therapeutics faces several challenges and issues, including the definition of optimal siRNAs in terms of target, sequence, and chemical modifications, siRNA delivery to its intended site of action, and the absence of unspecific off-target effects. Further siRNA drugs are in clinical studies, based on different delivery systems and covering a wide range of different pathologies including metabolic diseases, hematology, infectious diseases, oncology, ocular diseases, and others. This article reviews the knowledge on siRNA design and chemical modification, as well as issues related to siRNA delivery that may be addressed using different delivery systems. Details on the mode of action and clinical status of the various siRNA therapeutics are provided, before giving an outlook on issues regarding the future of siRNA drugs and on their potential as one emerging standard modality in pharmacotherapy. Notably, this may also cover otherwise un-druggable diseases, the definition of non-coding RNAs as targets, and novel concepts of personalized and combination treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Friedrich
- Faculty of Leipzig, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Max-Bürger-Forschungszentrum (MBFZ), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Borchardt H, Kogel A, Kalwa H, Weirauch U, Aigner A. Therapeutic miR-506-3p Replacement in Pancreatic Carcinoma Leads to Multiple Effects including Autophagy, Apoptosis, Senescence, and Mitochondrial Alterations In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071692. [PMID: 35884996 PMCID: PMC9312874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Considering its very poor prognosis, novel treatment options are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. In tumors, aberrant downregulation of given miRNAs may result in pathological overexpression of oncogenes, rendering miRNA replacement as a promising therapeutic strategy. In different tumor entities, miRNA-506-3p (miR506-3p) has been ambivalently described as tumor suppressing or oncogenic. In PDAC, miR-506 is mainly considered as a tumor-suppressing miRNA. In this study, we extensively analyze the cellular and molecular effects of miRNA-506-3p replacement in different PDAC cell lines. Beyond profound antiproliferation and induction of cell death and autophagy, we describe new cellular miR506-3p effects, i.e., induction of senescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as alterations in mitochondrial potential and structure, and identify multiple underlying molecular effects. In a preclinical therapy study, PDAC xenograft-bearing mice were treated with nanoparticle-formulated miRNA-506 mimics. Profound tumor inhibition upon systemic miRNA-506 administration was associated with multiple cellular and molecular effects. This demonstrates miRNA replacement as a potential therapeutic option for PDAC patients. Due to its broad mechanisms of action on multiple relevant target genes, miR506-3p is identified as a particularly powerful tumor-inhibitory miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (U.W.)
| | - Alexander Kogel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Weirauch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (U.W.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (U.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661
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8
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Neugebauer M, Grundmann CE, Lehnert M, von Stetten F, Früh SM, Süss R. Analyzing siRNA Concentration, Complexation and Stability in Cationic Dendriplexes by Stem-Loop Reverse Transcription-qPCR. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071348. [PMID: 35890243 PMCID: PMC9320460 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful therapeutic approach for messenger RNA (mRNA) level regulation in human cells. RNAi can be triggered by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which are delivered by non-viral carriers, e.g., dendriplexes. siRNA quantification inside carriers is essential in drug delivery system development. However, current siRNA measuring methods either are not very sensitive, only semi-quantitative or not specific towards intact target siRNA sequences. We present a novel reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR)-based application for siRNA quantification in drug formulations. It enables specific and highly sensitive quantification of released, uncomplexed target siRNA and thus also indirect assessment of siRNA stability and concentration inside dendriplexes. We show that comparison with a dilution series allows for siRNA quantification, exclusively measuring intact target sequences. The limit of detection (LOD) was 4.2 pM (±0.2 pM) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) 77.8 pM (±13.4 pM) for uncomplexed siRNA. LOD and LOQ of dendriplex samples were 31.6 pM (±0 pM) and 44.4 pM (±9.0 pM), respectively. Unspecific non-target siRNA sequences did not decrease quantification accuracy when present in samples. As an example of use, we assessed siRNA complexation inside dendriplexes with varying nitrogen-to-phosphate ratios. Further, protection of siRNA inside dendriplexes from RNase A degradation was quantitatively compared to degradation of uncomplexed siRNA. This novel application for quantification of siRNA in drug delivery systems is an important tool for the development of new siRNA-based drugs and quality checks including drug stability measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Neugebauer
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (M.L.); (F.v.S.); (S.M.F.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Clara E. Grundmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (C.E.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Michael Lehnert
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (M.L.); (F.v.S.); (S.M.F.)
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (M.L.); (F.v.S.); (S.M.F.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanna M. Früh
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (M.L.); (F.v.S.); (S.M.F.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Regine Süss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (C.E.G.); (R.S.)
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9
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Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Induces Intestinal Epithelial Cell Secretion of Interleukin-8 by the E-Cadherin/β-Catenin/NF-κB Dependent Pathway. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040827. [PMID: 35453577 PMCID: PMC9032310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) has emerged as a gut microbiome pathogen that can promote colitis associated cancer in humans. ETBF secretes the metalloprotease, B. fragilis toxin (BFT), which can induce ectodomain cleavage of E-cadherin and IL-8 secretion through the β-catenin, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. However, it is still unclear whether E-cadherin cleavage is required for BFT induced IL-8 secretion and the relative contribution of these signaling pathways to IL-8 secretion. Using siRNA knockdown and CRISPR knockout studies, we found that E-cadherin cleavage is required for BFT mediated IL-8 secretion. In addition, genetic ablation of β-catenin indicates that β-catenin is required for the BFT induced increase in transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p65 nuclear localization and early IL-8 secretion. These results suggest that BFT induced β-catenin signaling is upstream of NF-κB activation. However, despite β-catenin gene disruption, BFT still activated the MAPK pathway, suggesting that the BFT induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway is independent from the E-cadherin/β-catenin/NF-κB pathway. These findings show that E-cadherin and β-catenin play a critical role in acute inflammation following ETBF infection through the inflammatory response to BFT in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Niño-Sánchez J, Chen LH, De Souza JT, Mosquera S, Stergiopoulos I. Targeted Delivery of Gene Silencing in Fungi Using Genetically Engineered Bacteria. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020125. [PMID: 33572197 PMCID: PMC7914413 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting RNA interference (RNAi) in disease control through non-transformative methods that overcome the hurdle of producing transgenic plants has attracted much attention over the last years. Here, we explored such a method and used non-pathogenic bacteria as a versatile system for delivering RNAi to fungi. Specifically, the RNaseIII-null mutant strain of Escherichia coli HT115(DE3) was transformed with two plasmid vectors that enabled the constitutive or IPTG-inducible production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) against genes involved in aflatoxins production in Aspergillus flavus (AflC) or virulence of Botrytis cinerea (BcSAS1). To facilitate the release of the dsRNAs, the bacterial cells were further genetically engineered to undergo a bacteriophage endolysin R-mediated autolysis, following a freeze-thaw cycle. Exposure under in vitro conditions of A. flavus or B. cinerea to living bacteria or their whole-cell autolysates induced silencing of AflC and BcSAS1 in a bacteria concentration-dependent manner, and instigated a reduction in aflatoxins production and mycelial growth, respectively. In planta applications of the living bacteria or their crude whole-cell autolysates produced similar results, thus creating a basis for translational research. These results demonstrate that bacteria can produce biologically active dsRNA against target genes in fungi and that bacteria-mediated RNAi can be used to control fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Niño-Sánchez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.N.-S.); (L.-H.C.); (J.T.D.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Li-Hung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.N.-S.); (L.-H.C.); (J.T.D.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Teodoro De Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.N.-S.); (L.-H.C.); (J.T.D.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mosquera
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.N.-S.); (L.-H.C.); (J.T.D.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Ioannis Stergiopoulos
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.N.-S.); (L.-H.C.); (J.T.D.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-400-9802
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Borchardt H, Ewe A, Morawski M, Weirauch U, Aigner A. miR24-3p activity after delivery into pancreatic carcinoma cell lines exerts profound tumor-inhibitory effects through distinct pathways of apoptosis and autophagy induction. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:174-184. [PMID: 33508384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the most detrimental tumors, with novel treatment options urgently needed. The pathological downregulation of a miRNA in tumors can lead to the overexpression of oncogenes, thus suggesting miRNA replacement as novel strategy in cancer therapy. While the role of miR24 in cancer, including pancreatic carcinoma, has been described as ambiguous, it may hold great promise and deserves further studies. Here, we comprehensively analyze the effects of miR24-3p replacement in a set of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Transfection of miR24-3p mimics leads to profound cell inhibition in various 2D and 3D cell assays, based on the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and ROS. Comprehensive analyses of miR24-3p effects on the molecular level reveal the transcriptional regulation of several important oncogenes and oncogenic pathways. Based on these findings, miRNA replacement therapy was preclinically explored by treating tumor xenograft-bearing mice with miR24-3p mimics formulated in polymeric nanoparticles. The obtained tumor inhibition was associated with the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Taken together, we identify miR24-3p as powerful tumor-inhibitory miRNA for replacement therapy, and describe a complex network of oncogenic pathways affected by miR24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weirauch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Wang W, Liang Z, Ma P, Zhao Q, Dai M, Zhu J, Han X, Xu H, Chang Q, Zhen Y. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System to Reverse ABC-Mediated Multidrug Resistance. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:73-81. [PMID: 33393280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters can transport a wide range of antitumor drugs out of cells, which is the most common reason in the development of resistance to drugs. Currently, various therapeutic strategies are used to reverse MDR, among which CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique is expected to be an effective way. Here, we reviewed the research progress of reversing ABC-mediated drug resistance by CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ze Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengyuan Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qingyan Chang
- Pharmacy Department, Dalian Sixth People Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR, Pradhan M. Multifaceted targeting of cationic liposomes via co-delivery of anti-IL-17 siRNA and corticosteroid for topical treatment of psoriasis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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