1
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Chukavin NN, Ivanov VK, Popov AL. Calcein-Modified CeO 2 for Intracellular ROS Detection: Mechanisms of Action and Cytotoxicity Analysis In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:2416. [PMID: 37830630 PMCID: PMC10572292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are metal-oxide-based nanozymes with unique reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging abilities. Here, we studied new CeO2 NPs modified with calcein (CeO2-calcein) as an intracellular ROS inactivation/visualization theranostic agent. The molecular mechanisms of the CeO2-calcein intracellular activity, allowing for the direct monitoring of ROS inactivation in living cells, were studied. CeO2-calcein was taken up by both normal (human mesenchymal stem cells, hMSc) and cancer (human osteosarcoma, MNNG/Hos cell line) cells, and was easily decomposed via endogenous or exogenous ROS, releasing brightly fluorescent calcein, which could be quantitatively detected using fluorescence microscopy. It was shown that the CeO2-calcein has selective cytotoxicity, inducing the death of human osteosarcoma cells and modulating the expression of key genes responsible for cell redox status as well as proliferative and migration activity. Such cerium-based theranostic agents can be used in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita N. Chukavin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 142290, Russia;
- Scientific and Educational Center, State University of Education, Moscow 105005, Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anton L. Popov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 142290, Russia;
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2
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Wu Q, Yang L, Zou L, Yang W, Liu Q, Zhang A, Cao J, Shi G, He J, Yang X. Small Ceria Nanoclusters with High ROS Scavenging Activity and Favorable Pharmacokinetic Parameters for the Amelioration of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300632. [PMID: 37167626 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Organic ROS scavengers currently used for CKD treatment do not satisfy low dosage and high efficiency requirements. Ceria nanomaterials featured with renewable ROS scavenging activity are potential candidates for CKD treatment. Herein, a method for the synthesis of ceria nanoclusters (NCs) featured with small size of ≈1.2 nm is reported. The synthesized NCs are modified by three hydrophilic ligands with different molecular weights, including succinic acid (SA), polyethylene glycol diacid 600 (PEG600), and polyethylene glycol diacid 2000 (PEG2000). The surface modified NCs exhibit excellent ROS scavenging activity due to the high Ce3+ /Ce4+ ratio in their crystal structures. Compared with bigger-sized ceria nanoparticles (NPs) (≈45 nm), NCs demonstrate smoother blood concentration-time curve, lower organ accumulation, and faster metabolic rate superiorities. The administration of NCs to CKD mice, especially PEG600 and PEG2000 modified NCs, can effectively inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation, renal fibrosis, and apoptosis in their kidneys. Due to these benefits, the constructed NCs can ameliorate the progression of CKD. These findings suggest that NCs is a potential redox nanomedicine for future clinical treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ling Zou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Anwei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guangyou Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian He
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaochao Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Iqubal MK, Kaur H, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Iqubal A, Ali J, Baboota S. A technical note on emerging combination approach involved in the onconanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3197-3212. [PMID: 36226570 PMCID: PMC9578464 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2132018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical outcomes. Based on the outcome of the exploratory preclinical and clinical studies, it was found that therapeutic response increases multiple folds when anticancer drugs are used in combination. However, the conventional combination of anticancer drugs was associated with various limitations such as increased cost of treatment, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and reduced pharmacokinetic attributes. Hence, attempts were made to formulate nanocarrier fabricated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) to effectively manage and treat cancer. This approach offers several advantages, such as improved stability, lower drug exposure, targeted drug delivery, low side effects, and improved clinical outcome. Hence, in this review, first time, we have discussed the recent advancement and various types of nano carrier-based combinatorial drug delivery systems in a different type of cancer and highlighted the personalized combinatorial theranostic medicine as a futuristic anticancer treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd, Gurugram, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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4
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Samy M, Abdallah HM, Awad HM, Ayoub MMH. In vitro release and cytotoxicity activity of 5-fluorouracil entrapped polycaprolactone nanoparticles. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Jahangiri S, Khoei S, Khoee S, Safa M, Shirvalilou S, Pirhajati Mahabadi V. Potential anti-tumor activity of 13.56 MHz alternating magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy on the induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 by up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of chemo-magnetic hyperthermia (MH), a combination of alternating magnetic field (AMF) and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with Polyethylene glycol-Poly(butyl acrylate)-Polyethylene glycol (PEG-PBA-PEG) carrying 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), at inducing apoptosis in the human cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116. This process can be mediated by alterations in the expression of apoptotic effector proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. For this purpose, the cells were cultured as monolayers. Then both cell lines were treated with 5-Fu/magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic hyperthermia. Finally, the effect of treatment on cancer cells was determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry.
Results
Our results showed that combined chemo-magnetic thermotherapy significantly increased the apoptosis in colon cancer cells compared to chemotherapy or hyperthermia alone (P < 0.05). Up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins was indicative of apoptosis induction in cancer cells, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that localized hyperthermia was able to significantly trigger the 5-Fu release and inhibit cell viability, which, due to the synchronization of hyperthermia and chemotherapy, exacerbated the damage of cancer cells.
Graphical Abstract
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Mahdi WA, Hussain A, Ramzan M, Faruk A, Bukhari SI, Dev A. Pluronic-Coated Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles for Colon Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil: In vitro and Ex vivo Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:64. [PMID: 33533992 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded biogenic gold nanoparticles with pluronic-based coating (PFGNPs), their optimization (full factorial predicted OBPN-1) and in vitro-ex vivo evaluation. Several formulations were prepared, selected for optimization using Design Expert®, and compared for morphology, 5-FU release kinetics, compatibility, cell line toxicity, in vitro hemocompatibility, and ex vivo intestinal permeation across the rat duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The pluronic-coated 5-FU-carrying GNPs were spherical, 29.11-178.21 nm in diameter, with a polydispersity index (PDI) range of 0.191-292, and a zeta potential (ZP) range of 11.19-29.21 (-mV). The optimized OBPN-1 (desirability = 0.95) demonstrated optimum size (175.1 nm), %DL as 73.8%, ZP as 21.7 mV, % drug release (DR) as 75.7%, and greater cytotoxicity (viability ~ 8.9%) against the colon cancer cell lines than 5-FU solution (~ 24.91%), and less hemocompatibility. Moreover, OBPN-1 exhibited 4.5-fold permeation across the rat jejunum compared with 5-FU solution. Thus, the PFGNPs exhibit high DL capacity, sustained delivery, hemocompatibility, improved efficacy, and enhanced permeation profiles compared with 5-FU solution and several other NPs preparations suggesting it is a promising formulation for effective colon cancer control with reduced side effects.
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Sayour H, Kassem S, Canfarotta F, Czulak J, Mohamed M, Piletsky S. Biocompatibility and biodistribution of surface-modified yttrium oxide nanoparticles for potential theranostic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19095-19107. [PMID: 30710327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The surface of ultrafine yttrium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with mean size of 7-8 nm was modified with a functional polymer layer to improve their dispersion and impart fluorescent properties for imaging purposes. Surface functionalization was achieved by silanization of yttrium oxide NPs with 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate followed by grafting of a co-polymer made of acrylic acid (AA) and ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP). The polymer shell decreases the surface energy of NPs, enhances their polarity, and, as a result, improves their colloidal stability. The synthesized NPs are capable of scavenging free radicals and for this reason have therapeutic potential that warrants further investigations. Furthermore, these stabilized core-shell NPs showed a very low cytotoxicity, confirming that the polymer shell sensibly improves the biocompatibility of bare yttrium oxide NPs, which are otherwise toxic on their own. Poly-EGMP yttrium NPs proved to be safe up to 0.1 mg/g body weight in 1 month old Sprague-Dawley rats, showing also the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier short time after tail injection. The surface modification of yttrium NPs here described allows these NPs to be potentially used in theranostics to reduce neurodegenerative damage due to the heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Sayour
- Biomedical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Nutritional Deficiency Disorders, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
| | - Samr Kassem
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Francesco Canfarotta
- MIP Diagnostics Ltd., University of Leicester, Fielding Johnson Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Joanna Czulak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Medhat Mohamed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafr El-Sheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sergey Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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8
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Carlander U, Moto TP, Desalegn AA, Yokel RA, Johanson G. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of nanoceria systemic distribution in rats suggests dose- and route-dependent biokinetics. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2631-2646. [PMID: 29750034 PMCID: PMC5936012 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are increasingly being used in a variety of products as catalysts, coatings, and polishing agents. Furthermore, their antioxidant properties make nanoceria potential candidates for biomedical applications. To predict and avoid toxicity, information about their biokinetics is essential. A useful tool to explore such associations between exposure and internal target dose is physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The aim of this study was to test the appropriateness of our previously published PBPK model developed for intravenous (IV) administration when applied to various sizes of nanoceria and to exposure routes relevant for humans. METHODS Experimental biokinetic data on nanoceria (obtained from various exposure routes, sizes, coatings, doses, and tissues sampled) in rats were collected from the literature and also obtained from the researchers. The PBPK model was first calibrated and validated against IV data for 30 nm citrate coated ceria and then recalibrated for 5 nm ceria. Finally, the model was modified and tested against inhalation, intratracheal (IT) instillation, and oral nanoceria data. RESULTS The PBPK model adequately described nanoceria time courses in various tissues for 5 nm ceria given IV. The time courses of 30 nm ceria were reasonably well predicted for liver and spleen, whereas the biokinetics in other tissues were not well captured. For the inhalation, IT instillation, and oral exposure routes, re-optimization was difficult due to low absorption and, hence, low and variable nanoceria tissue levels. Moreover, the nanoceria properties and exposure conditions varied widely among the inhalation, IT instillation, and oral studies, making it difficult to assess the importance of different factors. CONCLUSION Overall, our modeling efforts suggest that nanoceria biokinetics depend largely on the exposure route and dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Carlander
- Unit of Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tshepo Paulsen Moto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anteneh Assefa Desalegn
- Unit of Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Unit of Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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9
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Hyaluronidase Enzyme-responsive Targeted Nanoparticles for Effective Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil in Colon Cancer. Pharm Res 2018; 35:73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Laux P, Riebeling C, Booth AM, Brain JD, Brunner J, Cerrillo C, Creutzenberg O, Estrela-Lopis I, Gebel T, Johanson G, Jungnickel H, Kock H, Tentschert J, Tlili A, Schäffer A, Sips AJAM, Yokel RA, Luch A. Biokinetics of Nanomaterials: the Role of Biopersistence. NANOIMPACT 2017; 6:69-80. [PMID: 29057373 PMCID: PMC5645051 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology risk management strategies and environmental regulations continue to rely on hazard and exposure assessment protocols developed for bulk materials, including larger size particles, while commercial application of nanomaterials (NMs) increases. In order to support and corroborate risk assessment of NMs for workers, consumers, and the environment it is crucial to establish the impact of biopersistence of NMs at realistic doses. In the future, such data will allow a more refined future categorization of NMs. Despite many experiments on NM characterization and numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, several questions remain unanswered including the influence of biopersistence on the toxicity of NMs. It is unclear which criteria to apply to characterize a NM as biopersistent. Detection and quantification of NMs, especially determination of their state, i.e., dissolution, aggregation, and agglomeration within biological matrices and other environments are still challenging tasks; moreover mechanisms of nanoparticle (NP) translocation and persistence remain critical gaps. This review summarizes the current understanding of NM biokinetics focusing on determinants of biopersistence. Thorough particle characterization in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices requires use of suitable analytical methods and is a prerequisite to understand biopersistence and for the development of appropriate dosimetry. Analytical tools that potentially can facilitate elucidation of key NM characteristics, such as ion beam microscopy (IBM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), are discussed in relation to their potential to advance the understanding of biopersistent NM kinetics. We conclude that a major requirement for future nanosafety research is the development and application of analytical tools to characterize NPs in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465, Norway
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Brunner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebel
- German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Kock
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Landsiedel R. Concern-driven integrated approaches for the grouping, testing and assessment of nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1376-1380. [PMID: 26586635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NM's potential to induce adverse effects in humans or the environment is being addressed in numerous research projects, and methods and tools for NM hazard identification and risk assessment are advancing. This article describes how integrated approaches for the testing and assessment of NMs can ensure the safety of nanomaterials, while adhering to the 3Rs principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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12
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Hristozov D, Gottardo S, Semenzin E, Oomen A, Bos P, Peijnenburg W, van Tongeren M, Nowack B, Hunt N, Brunelli A, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Tran L, Marcomini A. Frameworks and tools for risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 95:36-53. [PMID: 27523267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of nanotechnologies entails a regulatory requirement for understanding their environmental, health and safety (EHS) risks. Today we face challenges to assess these risks, which emerge from uncertainties around the interactions of manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) with humans and the environment. In order to reduce these uncertainties, it is necessary to generate sound scientific data on hazard and exposure by means of relevant frameworks and tools. The development of such approaches to facilitate the risk assessment (RA) of MNs has become a dynamic area of research. The aim of this paper was to review and critically analyse these approaches against a set of relevant criteria. The analysis concluded that none of the reviewed frameworks were able to fulfill all evaluation criteria. Many of the existing modelling tools are designed to provide screening-level assessments rather than to support regulatory RA and risk management. Nevertheless, there is a tendency towards developing more quantitative, higher-tier models, capable of incorporating uncertainty into their analyses. There is also a trend towards developing validated experimental protocols for material identification and hazard testing, reproducible across laboratories. These tools could enable a shift from a costly case-by-case RA of MNs towards a targeted, flexible and efficient process, based on grouping and read-across strategies and compliant with the 3R (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) principles. In order to facilitate this process, it is important to transform the current efforts on developing databases and computational models into creating an integrated data and tools infrastructure to support the risk assessment and management of MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, c/o PST Vega di Venezia - Via della Libertà 12, 30175 Marghera (VE), Italy.
| | - Stefania Gottardo
- European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, c/o PST Vega di Venezia - Via della Libertà 12, 30175 Marghera (VE), Italy.
| | - Agnes Oomen
- National Institute of Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Bos
- National Institute of Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- National Institute of Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue, North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, Scotland.
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Neil Hunt
- The REACH Centre, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, c/o PST Vega di Venezia - Via della Libertà 12, 30175 Marghera (VE), Italy.
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience-Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Lang Tran
- Centre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue, North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, Scotland.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, c/o PST Vega di Venezia - Via della Libertà 12, 30175 Marghera (VE), Italy.
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13
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Hu X, Li D, Gao Y, Mu L, Zhou Q. Knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:8-23. [PMID: 27203780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the wide research and application of nanomaterials in various fields, the safety of nanomaterials attracts much attention. An increasing number of reports in the literature have shown the adverse effects of nanomaterials, representing the quick development of nanotoxicology. However, many studies in nanotoxicology have not reflected the real nanomaterial safety, and the knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety remain large. Considering the remarkable influence of biological or environmental matrices (e.g., biological corona) on nanotoxicity, the situation of performing nanotoxicological experiments should be relevant to the environment and humans. Given the possibility of long-term and low-concentration exposure of nanomaterials, the reversibility of and adaptation to nanotoxicity, and the transgenerational effects should not be ignored. Different from common pollutants, the specific analysis methodology for nanotoxicology need development and exploration furthermore. High-throughput assay integrating with omics was highlighted in the present review to globally investigate nanotoxicity. In addition, the biological responses beyond individual levels, special mechanisms and control of nanotoxicity deserve more attention. The progress of nanotoxicology has been reviewed by previous articles. This review focuses on the blind spots in nanotoxicological research and provides insight into what we should do in future work to support the healthy development of nanotechnology and the evaluation of real nanomaterial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Mu
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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14
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Sun Y, Kaplan JA, Shieh A, Sun HL, Croce CM, Grinstaff MW, Parquette JR. Self-assembly of a 5-fluorouracil-dipeptide hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5254-7. [PMID: 26996124 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of 5-fluorouracil dilysine conjugates into self-supporting hydrogels, comprised of entangled nanofibers or rigid nanotubes with diameters of 10 and 16 nm, respectively, is reported. The rate of release of 5-Fu from the conjugates was highly dependent on concentration in solution, whereas, release from the fully formed hydrogels was significantly slower. The 5-Fu conjugate also exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines A549, H460 and H23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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15
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Pilot in vivo investigation of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a novel anti-obesity pharmaceutical formulation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1725-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Chen L, She X, Wang T, He L, Shigdar S, Duan W, Kong L. Overcoming acquired drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells by targeted delivery of 5-FU with EGF grafted hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14080-92. [PMID: 26242620 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance (ADR) can be developed in colorectal cancer cells after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment and diminish the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In this work, acquired 5-FU resistance in the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 was obtained with the up-regulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene expression which can convert 5-FU to its inactive metabolite. To overcome ADR in colorectal cancer, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) grafted with epidermal growth factor (EGF) were used as nanocarriers to deliver 5-FU to colorectal cancer cells with acquired drug resistance. The effect and mechanism of 5-FU loaded EGF grafted HMSNs (EGF-HMSNs-5-FU) in overcoming acquired drug resistance in SW480/ADR cells were studied. The EGF-HMSNs were demonstrated to be specifically internalized in EGFR overexpressed SW480/ADR cells via a receptor-mediated endocytosis and can escape from endo-lysosomes. The EGF-HMSNs-5-FU exhibited much higher cytotoxicity on SW480/ADR cells than HMSNs-5-FU and free 5-FU while the plain HMSNs did not show significant cytotoxicity. The mechanism of EGF-HMSNs-5-FU in overcoming drug resistance in SW480/ADR cells could be attributed to the specific internalization of EGF-HMSNs-5-FU in EGFR overexpressed cells which can lead to high intracellular drug accumulation and cause cell death through S phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijue Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
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17
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Dong H, Du SR, Zheng XY, Lyu GM, Sun LD, Li LD, Zhang PZ, Zhang C, Yan CH. Lanthanide Nanoparticles: From Design toward Bioimaging and Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10725-815. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuo-Ren Du
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zheng
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Dong Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Bhargava A, Bunkar N, Khare NK, Mishra D, Mishra PK. Nanoengineered strategies to optimize dendritic cells for gastrointestinal tumor immunotherapy: from biology to translational medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2187-202. [PMID: 25405796 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine may play an important role in improving the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against GI tract malignancies. Dendritic cell-based vaccines have proven their effectiveness against different established GI tract tumors, yet their success is mainly hindered by the strong tumor-induced suppressive microenvironment. The sustained and targeted release of tumor antigens to dendritic cells using different nanoengineered approaches would be an efficient strategy to overcome established immune tolerance. Encapsulation would result in low diffusivity, restricted movement, effective crosspresentation and enhanced T-cell responses. These nanotherapy-based approaches will certainly help with the designing of clinically translatable dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccines and facilitate the selective removal of residual disease in gastrointestinal cancer patients following standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Bhargava
- Translational Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, India
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19
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Ortiz R, Cabeza L, Arias JL, Melguizo C, Álvarez PJ, Vélez C, Clares B, Áranega A, Prados J. Poly(butylcyanoacrylate) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanoparticles Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil Increase the Cytotoxic Effect of the Drug in Experimental Colon Cancer. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:918-29. [PMID: 25894746 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of 5-fluorouracil, one of the drugs of choice in colon cancer therapy, is limited by a nonuniform oral absorption, a short plasma half-life, and by the development of drug resistances by malignant cells. We hypothesized that the formulation of biodegradable nanocarriers for the efficient delivery of this antitumor drug may improve its therapeutic effect against advanced or recurrent colon cancer. Hence, we have engineered two 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoparticulate systems based on the biodegradable polymers poly(butylcyanoacrylate) and poly(ε-caprolactone). Drug incorporation to the nanosystems was accomplished by entrapment (encapsulation/dispersion) within the polymeric network during nanoparticle synthesis, i.e., by anionic polymerization of the monomer and interfacial polymer disposition, respectively. Main factors determining 5-fluorouracil incorporation within the polymeric nanomatrices were investigated. These nanocarriers were characterized by high drug entrapment efficiencies and sustained drug-release profiles. In vitro studies using human and murine colon cancer cell lines demonstrated that both types of nanocarriers significantly increased the antiproliferative effect of the encapsulated drug. In addition, both nanoformulations produced in vivo an intense tumor growth inhibition and increased the mice survival rate, being the greater tumor volume reduction obtained when using the poly(ε-caprolactone)-based formulation. These results suggest that these nanocarriers may improve the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil and could be used against advanced or recurrent colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ortiz
- Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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20
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Çetin K, Denizli A. 5-Fluorouracil delivery from metal-ion mediated molecularly imprinted cryogel discs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:401-6. [PMID: 25601094 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to prepare imprinted cryogel discs for delivery of 5-fluorouracil. The coordinate bond interactions are utilized to accomplish a coordination complex between metal-chelate monomer N-methacryloyl-L-histidine and 5-FU with the assistance of Cu(2+) ion. The complex is copolymerized with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to produce poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester) cryogel discs. The cryogel discs are characterized thoroughly by performing swelling tests, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. In vitro delivery studies are performed to investigate the effects of cross-linker ratio, medium pH and drug concentration. 5-FU imprinted cryogel discs have highly macroporous structures. Drug molecules are homogeneously dispersed in the 5-FU imprinted cryogel matrix. The cumulative release of 5-FU decreased by increasing the cross-linker density in the polymer matrix. Delivery rate of 5-FU varied with different pH values in a coordination complex since metal ion acts as a Lewis acid, and the ligand, i.e. 5-FU acts as a Lewis base. The cumulative release of 5-FU increased with increasing drug concentration in polymer matrix. The nature of the 5-FU transport mechanism is non-Fickian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Çetin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Yokel RA, Hussain S, Garantziotis S, Demokritou P, Castranova V, Cassee FR. The Yin: An adverse health perspective of nanoceria: uptake, distribution, accumulation, and mechanisms of its toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 1:406-428. [PMID: 25243070 PMCID: PMC4167411 DOI: 10.1039/c4en00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This critical review evolved from a SNO Special Workshop on Nanoceria panel presentation addressing the toxicological risks of nanoceria: accumulation, target organs, and issues of clearance; how exposure dose/concentration, exposure route, and experimental preparation/model influence the different reported effects of nanoceria; and how can safer by design concepts be applied to nanoceria? It focuses on the most relevant routes of human nanoceria exposure and uptake, disposition, persistence, and resultant adverse effects. The pulmonary, oral, dermal, and topical ocular exposure routes are addressed as well as the intravenous route, as the latter provides a reference for the pharmacokinetic fate of nanoceria once introduced into blood. Nanoceria reaching the blood is primarily distributed to mononuclear phagocytic system organs. Available data suggest nanoceria's distribution is not greatly affected by dose, shape, or dosing schedule. Significant attention has been paid to the inhalation exposure route. Nanoceria distribution from the lung to the rest of the body is less than 1% of the deposited dose, and from the gastrointestinal tract even less. Intracellular nanoceria and organ burdens persist for at least months, suggesting very slow clearance rates. The acute toxicity of nanoceria is very low. However, large/accumulated doses produce granuloma in the lung and liver, and fibrosis in the lung. Toxicity, including genotoxicity, increases with exposure time; the effects disappear slowly, possibly due to nanoceria's biopersistence. Nanoceria may exert toxicity through oxidative stress. Adverse effects seen at sites distal to exposure may be due to nanoceria translocation or released biomolecules. An example is elevated oxidative stress indicators in the brain, in the absence of appreciable brain nanoceria. Nanoceria may change its nature in biological environments and cause changes in biological molecules. Increased toxicity has been related to greater surface Ce3+, which becomes more relevant as particle size decreases and the ratio of surface area to volume increases. Given its biopersistence and resulting increased toxicity with time, there is a risk that long-term exposure to low nanoceria levels may eventually lead to adverse health effects. This critical review provides recommendations for research to resolve some of the many unknowns of nanoceria's fate and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, US ; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, US
| | - Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US
| | | | - Vincent Castranova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US ; West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, US
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Centre for Sustainability, Environmental & Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands ; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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22
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van Kesteren PCE, Cubadda F, Bouwmeester H, van Eijkeren JCH, Dekkers S, de Jong WH, Oomen AG. Novel insights into the risk assessment of the nanomaterial synthetic amorphous silica, additive E551, in food. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:442-52. [PMID: 25033893 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.940408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study presents novel insights in the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) in food. SAS is a nanostructured material consisting of aggregates and agglomerates of primary particles in the nanorange (<100 nm). Depending on the production process, SAS exists in four main forms, and each form comprises various types with different physicochemical characteristics. SAS is widely used in foods as additive E551. The novel insights from other studies relate to low gastrointestinal absorption of SAS that decreases with increasing dose, and the potential for accumulation in tissues with daily consumption. To accommodate these insights, we focused our risk assessment on internal exposure in the target organ (liver). Based on blood and tissue concentrations in time of two different SAS types that were orally and intravenously administered, a kinetic model is developed to estimate the silicon concentration in liver in (1) humans for average-to-worst-case dietary exposure at steady state and (2) rats and mice in key toxicity studies. The estimated liver concentration in humans is at a similar level as the measured or estimated liver concentrations in animal studies in which adverse effects were found. Hence, this assessment suggests that SAS in food may pose a health risk. Yet, for this risk assessment, we had to make assumptions and deal with several sources of uncertainty that make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Recommendations to fill in the remaining data gaps are discussed. More insight in the health risk of SAS in food is warranted considering the wide applications and these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C E van Kesteren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
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23
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Oomen AG, Bos PMJ, Fernandes TF, Hund-Rinke K, Boraschi D, Byrne HJ, Aschberger K, Gottardo S, von der Kammer F, Kühnel D, Hristozov D, Marcomini A, Migliore L, Scott-Fordsmand J, Wick P, Landsiedel R. Concern-driven integrated approaches to nanomaterial testing and assessment--report of the NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8:334-48. [PMID: 23641967 PMCID: PMC4002633 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bringing together topic-related European Union (EU)-funded projects, the so-called "NanoSafety Cluster" aims at identifying key areas for further research on risk assessment procedures for nanomaterials (NM). The outcome of NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10, this commentary presents a vision for concern-driven integrated approaches for the (eco-)toxicological testing and assessment (IATA) of NM. Such approaches should start out by determining concerns, i.e., specific information needs for a given NM based on realistic exposure scenarios. Recognised concerns can be addressed in a set of tiers using standardised protocols for NM preparation and testing. Tier 1 includes determining physico-chemical properties, non-testing (e.g., structure-activity relationships) and evaluating existing data. In tier 2, a limited set of in vitro and in vivo tests are performed that can either indicate that the risk of the specific concern is sufficiently known or indicate the need for further testing, including details for such testing. Ecotoxicological testing begins with representative test organisms followed by complex test systems. After each tier, it is evaluated whether the information gained permits assessing the safety of the NM so that further testing can be waived. By effectively exploiting all available information, IATA allow accelerating the risk assessment process and reducing testing costs and animal use (in line with the 3Rs principle implemented in EU Directive 2010/63/EU). Combining material properties, exposure, biokinetics and hazard data, information gained with IATA can be used to recognise groups of NM based upon similar modes of action. Grouping of substances in return should form integral part of the IATA themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes G. Oomen
- IVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Bos
- IVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Hugh J. Byrne
- Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karin Aschberger
- Joint Research Centre – Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Stefania Gottardo
- Joint Research Centre – Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Dana Kühnel
- Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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24
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Hardas SS, Sultana R, Warrier G, Dan M, Wu P, Grulke EA, Tseng MT, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Yokel RA, Butterfield DA. Rat hippocampal responses up to 90 days after a single nanoceria dose extends a hierarchical oxidative stress model for nanoparticle toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:155-66. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.868059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mo Dan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Eric A. Grulke
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Michael T. Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,
| | - Jason M. Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Uschi M. Graham
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA, and
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry,
- Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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25
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Tseng MT, Fu Q, Lor K, Fernandez-Botran GR, Deng ZB, Graham U, Butterfield DA, Grulke EA, Yokel RA. Persistent Hepatic Structural Alterations Following Nanoceria Vascular Infusion in the Rat. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:984-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623313505780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the long-term effects and possible toxicity of nanoceria, a widely utilized commercial metal oxide, is of particular importance as it is poised for development as a therapeutic agent based on its autocatalytic redox behavior. We show here evidence of acute and subacute adverse hepatic responses, after a single infusion of an aqueous dispersion of 85 mg/kg, 30 nm nanoceria into Sprague Dawley rats. Light and electron microscopic evidence of avid uptake of nanoceria by Kupffer cells was detected as early as 1 hr after infusion. Biopersistent nanoceria stimulated cluster of differentiation 3+ lymphocyte proliferation that intermingled with nanoceria-containing Kupffer cells to form granulomata that were observed between days 30 and 90. Ultrastructural tracking of ceria nanoparticles revealed aggregated nanoceria in phagolysosomes. An increased formation of small nanoceria over time observed in the latter suggests possible dissolution and precipitation of nanoceria. However, the pathway for nanoceria metabolism/secretion remains unclear. Although frank hepatic necrosis was not observed, the retention of nanoceria increased hepatic apoptosis acutely, this persisted to day 90. These findings, together with our earlier reports of 5-nm ceria-induced liver toxicity, provide additional guidance for nanoceria development as a therapeutic agent and for its risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Guang Dong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Khoua Lor
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Bin Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Uschi Graham
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Eric A. Grulke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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26
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Biodistribution and biopersistence of ceria engineered nanomaterials: size dependence. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:398-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental
Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin
300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental
Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin
300071, China
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28
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Rojas S, Gispert JD, Abad S, Buaki-Sogo M, Victor VM, Garcia H, Herance JR. In Vivo Biodistribution of Amino-Functionalized Ceria Nanoparticles in Rats Using Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3543-50. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300382n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rojas
- CRC-Centre d’Imatge Molecular (CRC-CIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica
de Barcelona (PRBB), c/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Institut d’Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona
(IAT-PRBB), c/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Abad
- CRC-Centre d’Imatge Molecular (CRC-CIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica
de Barcelona (PRBB), c/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Buaki-Sogo
- Departamento de Química
and Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia,
Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Fundacion para la
Investigacion
Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana FISABIO/University Hospital Doctor Peset, Endocrinology Service,
Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology
and CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive
Diseases, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Departamento de Química
and Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia,
Spain
| | - Jose Raúl Herance
- CRC-Centre d’Imatge Molecular (CRC-CIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica
de Barcelona (PRBB), c/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Unrine JM, Shoults-Wilson WA, Zhurbich O, Bertsch PM, Tsyusko OV. Trophic transfer of Au nanoparticles from soil along a simulated terrestrial food chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:9753-60. [PMID: 22897478 DOI: 10.1021/es3025325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To determine if nanoparticles (NPs) could be transferred from soil media to invertebrates and then to secondary consumers, we examined the trophic transfer of Au NPs along a simulated terrestrial food chain. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed to Au NPs in artificial soil media and fed to juvenile bullfrogs (Rana catesbeina). Earthworm Au concentrations were continuously monitored so that the cumulative dose to bullfrogs could be accurately estimated throughout the experiment. We exposed a second group of bullfrogs to equivalent doses of Au NPs by oral gavage to compare the bioavailability of NPs through direct exposure to trophic exposure. We observed accumulation of Au in liver, kidney, spleen, muscle, stomach, and intestine in both treatment groups. Tissue concentrations decreased on average of approximately 100-fold with each trophic-step. The total assimilated dose averaged only 0.09% of the administered dose for direct exposure (oral gavage), but 0.12% for the trophic exposure. The results suggest that manufactured NPs present in soil may be taken up into food chains and transferred to higher order consumers. They also suggest that Au NPs may be more bioavailable through trophic exposure than direct exposure and that trophic transfer may influence the biodistribution of particles once absorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States.
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Dan M, Tseng MT, Wu P, Unrine JM, Grulke EA, Yokel RA. Brain microvascular endothelial cell association and distribution of a 5 nm ceria engineered nanomaterial. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4023-36. [PMID: 22888240 PMCID: PMC3414084 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ceria engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have current commercial applications and both neuroprotective and toxic effects. Our hypothesis is that ceria ENMs can associate with brain capillary cells and/or cross the blood–brain barrier. Methods: An aqueous dispersion of ∼5 nm ceria ENM was synthesized and characterized in house. Its uptake space in the Sprague Dawley rat brain was determined using the in situ brain perfusion technique at 15 and 20 mL/minute flow rates; 30, 100, and 500 μg/mL ceria perfused for 120 seconds at 20 mL/minute; and 30 μg/mL perfused for 20, 60, and 120 seconds at 20 mL/minute. The capillary depletion method and light and electron microscopy were used to determine its capillary cell and brain parenchymal association and localization. Results: The vascular space was not significantly affected by brain perfusion flow rate or ENM, demonstrating that this ceria ENM did not influence blood–brain barrier integrity. Cerium concentrations, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, were significantly higher in the choroid plexus than in eight brain regions in the 100 and 500 μg/mL ceria perfusion groups. Ceria uptake into the eight brain regions was similar after 120-second perfusion of 30, 100, and 500 μg ceria/mL. Ceria uptake space significantly increased in the eight brain regions and choroid plexus after 60 versus 20 seconds, and it was similar after 60 and 120 seconds. The capillary depletion method showed 99.4% ± 1.1% of the ceria ENM associated with the capillary fraction. Electron microscopy showed the ceria ENM located on the endothelial cell luminal surface. Conclusion: Ceria ENM association with brain capillary endothelial cells saturated between 20 and 60 seconds and ceria ENM brain uptake was not diffusion-mediated. During the 120-second ceria ENM perfusion, ceria ENM predominately associated with the surface of the brain capillary cells, providing the opportunity for its cell uptake or redistribution back into circulating blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Dan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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Geraets L, Oomen AG, Schroeter JD, Coleman VA, Cassee FR. Tissue distribution of inhaled micro- and nano-sized cerium oxide particles in rats: results from a 28-day exposure study. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:463-73. [PMID: 22430073 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain more insight into the tissue distribution, accumulation, and elimination of cerium oxide nanoparticles after inhalation exposure, blood and tissue kinetics were investigated during and after a 28-day inhalation study in rats with micro- and nanocerium oxide particles (nominal primary particle size: < 5000, 40, and 5-10 nm). Powder aerosolization resulted in comparable mass median aerodynamic diameter (1.40, 1.17, and 1.02 μm). After single exposure, approximately 10% of the inhaled dose was measured in lung tissue, as was also estimated by a multiple path particle dosimetry model (MPPD). Though small differences in pulmonary deposition efficiencies of cerium oxide were observed, no consistent differences in pulmonary deposition between the micro- and nanoparticles were observed. Each cerium oxide sample was also distributed to tissues other than lung after a single 6-h exposure, such as liver, kidney, and spleen and also brain, testis, and epididymis. No clear particle size-dependent effect on extrapulmonary tissue distribution was observed. Repeated exposure to cerium oxide resulted in significant accumulation of the particles in the (extra)pulmonary tissues. In addition, tissue clearance was shown to be slow, and, overall, insignificant amounts of cerium oxide were eliminated from the body at 48- to 72-h post-exposure. In conclusion, no clear effect of the primary particle size or surface area on pulmonary deposition and extrapulmonary tissue distribution could be demonstrated. This is most likely explained by similar aerodynamic diameter of the cerium oxide particles in air because of the formation of aggregates and irrespective possible differences in surface characteristics. The implications of the accumulation of cerium oxide particles for systemic toxicological effects after repeated chronic exposure via ambient air are significant and require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Geraets
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Dekkers S, Bouwmeester H, Bos PM, Peters RJ, Rietveld AG, Oomen AG. Knowledge gaps in risk assessment of nanosilica in food: evaluation of the dissolution and toxicity of different forms of silica. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:367-77. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.662250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tseng MT, Lu X, Duan X, Hardas SS, Sultana R, Wu P, Unrine JM, Graham U, Butterfield DA, Grulke EA, Yokel RA. Alteration of hepatic structure and oxidative stress induced by intravenous nanoceria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 260:173-82. [PMID: 22373796 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the traditional use of ceria as an abrasive, the scope of nanoceria applications now extends into fuel cell manufacturing, diesel fuel additives, and for therapeutic intervention as a putative antioxidant. However, the biological effects of nanoceria exposure have yet to be fully defined, which gave us the impetus to examine its systemic biodistribution and biological responses. An extensively characterized nanoceria (5 nm) dispersion was vascularly infused into rats, which were terminated 1 h, 20 h or 30 days later. Light and electron microscopic tissue characterization was conducted and hepatic oxidative stress parameters determined. We observed acute ceria nanoparticle sequestration by Kupffer cells with subsequent bioretention in parenchymal cells as well. The internalized ceria nanoparticles appeared as spherical agglomerates of varying dimension without specific organelle penetration. In hepatocytes, the agglomerated nanoceria frequently localized to the plasma membrane facing bile canaliculi. Hepatic stellate cells also sequestered nanoceria. Within the sinusoids, sustained nanoceria bioretention was associated with granuloma formations comprised of Kupffer cells and intermingling CD3⁺ T cells. A statistically significant elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was seen at 1 and 20 h, but subsided by 30 days after ceria administration. Further, elevated apoptosis was observed on day 30. These findings, together with increased hepatic protein carbonyl levels on day 30, indicate ceria-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress, respectively. Such observations suggest a single vascular infusion of nanoceria can lead to persistent hepatic retention of particles with possible implications for occupational and therapeutic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tseng
- Dept of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Boyes WK, Chen R, Chen C, Yokel RA. The neurotoxic potential of engineered nanomaterials. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:902-10. [PMID: 22198707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The expanding development and production of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have diverse and far-reaching potential benefits in consumer products, food, drugs, medical devices and for enhancing environmental cleanup and remediation. The knowledge of potential implications of ENMs, including the potential for inadvertent exposures and adverse neurotoxic consequences, is lagging behind their development. A potential risk for neurotoxicity arises if exposure leads to systemic absorption and distribution to the nervous system. This paper is the summary of a symposium entitled Neurotoxicity Potential of Engineered Nanomaterials presented at the 2011 Xi'an International Neurotoxicology Conference held June 5-9 in Xi'an China. The following topics were featured in the symposium: the toxicokinetics of engineered nanomaterials; differential uptake of nanoceria in brain and peripheral organs; translocation into the brain and potential damage following nanoparticle exposure; and the retina as a potential site of nanomaterial phototoxicity. Each of these topics is discussed fully in sections of the manuscript. The promising benefits of ENM technology can be best realized if the potential risks are first understood and then minimized in product and system designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Boyes
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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