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Racaniello GF, Silvestri T, Pistone M, D'Amico V, Arduino I, Denora N, Lopedota AA. Innovative Pharmaceutical Techniques for Paediatric Dosage Forms: A Systematic Review on 3D Printing, Prilling/Vibration and Microfluidic Platform. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1726-1748. [PMID: 38582283 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms represents a unique challenge within the pharmaceutical industry. The primary goal of these formulations is to ensure therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability in paediatric patients, who have specific physiological needs and characteristics. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention towards this area, driven by the need to improve drug administration to children and ensure optimal and specific treatments. Technological innovation has played a crucial role in meeting these requirements, opening new frontiers in the design and production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. In particular, three emerging technologies have garnered considerable interest and attention within the scientific and industrial community: 3D printing, prilling/vibration, and microfluidics. These technologies offer advanced approaches for the design, production, and customization of paediatric pharmaceutical forms, allowing for more precise dosage modulation, improved solubility, and greater drug acceptability. In this review, we delve into these cutting-edge technologies and their impact on the production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. We analyse their potential, associated challenges, and recent developments, providing a comprehensive overview of the opportunities that these innovative methodologies offer to the pharmaceutical sector. We examine different pharmaceutical forms generated using these techniques, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Silvestri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, D. Montesano St. 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vita D'Amico
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Dighe S, Jog S, Momin M, Sawarkar S, Omri A. Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer's Disease Management. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38258068 PMCID: PMC10820353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive functions. Current treatment approaches primarily involve the administration of medications through oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes, aiming to improve cognitive function and alleviate symptoms. However, these treatments face limitations, such as low bioavailability and inadequate permeation. Alternative invasive methods, while explored, often entail discomfort and require specialized assistance. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and efficient delivery system is crucial. Intranasal delivery has emerged as a potential solution, although it is constrained by the unique conditions of the nasal cavity. An innovative approach involves the use of nano-carriers based on nanotechnology for intranasal delivery. This strategy has the potential to overcome current limitations by providing enhanced bioavailability, improved permeation, effective traversal of the blood-brain barrier, extended retention within the body, and precise targeting of the brain. The comprehensive review focuses on the advancements in designing various types of nano-carriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, Quantum dots, and dendrimers. These nano-carriers are specifically tailored for the intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents aimed at combatting Alzheimer's disease. In summary, the development and utilization of intranasal delivery systems based on nanotechnology show significant potential in surmounting the constraints of current Alzheimer's disease treatment strategies. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge regulatory as well as toxicity concerns associated with this route; meticulous consideration is required when engineering a carrier. This comprehensive review underscores the potential to revolutionize Alzheimer's disease management and highlights the importance of addressing regulatory considerations for safe and effective implementations. Embracing this strategy could lead to substantial advancements in the field of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Dighe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sunil Jog
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
- Indoco Remedies Private Limited, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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van der Zee M, de Vries C, Masa M, Morales M, Rayo M, Hegger I. Regulatory aspects of a nanomaterial for imaging therapeutic cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2693-2703. [PMID: 37210426 PMCID: PMC10545613 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to track therapeutic cells upon administration to the patient is of interest to both regulators and developers of cell therapy. The European Commission Horizon2020 project nTRACK from 2017-2022 aimed to develop a multi-modal nano-imaging agent to track therapeutic cells during development of a cell therapy. As part of this project, we investigated the regulatory pathway involved for such a product if marketed as a stand-alone product. An important regulatory hurdle appeared to be the appropriate regulatory classification of the nTRACK nano-imaging agent, as neither the definition for medicinal product nor the definition for medical device appeared to be a good fit for the purpose of the product and we were confronted with diverging views of competent authorities on the classification. As a consequence, the information requirements to fulfill before conducting a First in Human trial are not evident and can only be decided upon by closely collaborating and communicating with the relevant authorities throughout the development of the product. Moreover, standard test methods for demonstrating the quality and safety of a medicinal product or medical device are not always suitable for nanomaterials such as the nTRACK nano-imaging agent. Regulatory agility is therefore a great need to prevent delay of promising medical innovations, although regulatory guidance on these products will likely improve with more experience. In this article, we outline the lessons learnt related to the regulatory process of the nTRACK nano-imaging agent for tracking therapeutic cells and offer recommendations to both regulators and developers of similar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet van der Zee
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Claudette de Vries
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Hegger
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Kraevsky SV, Ivanova IA, Kanashenko SL, Shumov ID, Ryazantsev IA, Tereshkina YA, Kostryukova LV, Romashova YA, Pleshakova TO. Nanoform of Phospholipid Composition: Investigation of the Morphological Features by Atomic Force Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15338. [PMID: 37895017 PMCID: PMC10607005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological features of the nanoform of a phospholipid composition (NFPh), which can be used as an individual pharmaceutic agent or as a platform for designing drug delivery systems, have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). NFPh has been developed, and its characteristics have been investigated using conventional drug analysis methods, including the determination of the mean diameter of nanosized vesicles in the emulsion via dynamic light scattering (DLS). Using DLS, the mean diameter of the vesicles was found to be ~20 nm. AFM imaging of the surface has revealed four types of objects related to NFPh: (1) compact objects; (2) layer fragments; (3) lamellar structures; and (4) combined objects containing the compact and extended parts. For type (4) objects, it has been found that the geometric ratio of the volume of the convex part to the total area of the entire object is constant. It has been proposed that these objects formed owing to fusion of vesicles of the same size (with the same surface-to-volume ratio). It has been shown that this is possible for vesicles with diameters of 20 nm. This diameter is in good coincidence with the value obtained using DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Kraevsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia; (I.A.I.); (S.L.K.); (I.D.S.); (I.A.R.); (Y.A.T.); (L.V.K.); (Y.A.R.); (T.O.P.)
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Domingues C, Jarak I, Veiga F, Dourado M, Figueiras A. Pediatric Drug Development: Reviewing Challenges and Opportunities by Tracking Innovative Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2431. [PMID: 37896191 PMCID: PMC10610377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a "carrot-and-stick"-based tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult medicines to pediatric patients remains a feature of clinical practice, which may compromise the age-appropriate evaluation of treatments. Therefore, the United States and the European Pediatric Formulation Initiative have recommended applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to tackle some of these challenges, particularly applying inorganic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Connected with these, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) have also been highlighted, with optimistic perspectives for the pediatric population. Despite the results achieved using these innovative therapies, a workforce that congregates pediatric patients and/or caregivers, healthcare stakeholders, drug developers, and physicians continues to be of utmost relevance to promote standardized guidelines for pediatric drug development, enabling a fast lab-to-clinical translation. Therefore, taking into consideration the significance of this topic, this work aims to compile the current landscape of pediatric drug development by (1) outlining the historic regulatory panorama, (2) summarizing the challenges in the development of pediatric drug formulation, and (3) delineating the advantages/disadvantages of using innovative approaches, such as nanomedicines and ATMPs in pediatrics. Moreover, some attention will be given to the role of pharmaceutical technologists and developers in conceiving pediatric medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Domingues
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- Institute for Health Research and Innovation (i3s), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marília Dourado
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra (CEISUC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Studies and Development of Continuous and Palliative Care (CEDCCP), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Tundisi LL, Ataide JA, Costa JSR, Coêlho DDF, Liszbinski RB, Lopes AM, Oliveira-Nascimento L, de Jesus MB, Jozala AF, Ehrhardt C, Mazzola PG. Nanotechnology as a tool to overcome macromolecules delivery issues. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113043. [PMID: 36455361 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers can deliver drugs to specific organs or cells, potentially bridging the gap between a drug's function and its interaction with biological systems such as human physiology. The untapped potential of nanotechnology stems from its ability to manipulate materials, allowing control over physical and chemical properties and overcoming drug-related problems, e.g., poor solubility or poor bioavailability. For example, most protein drugs are administered parenterally, each with challenges and peculiarities. Some problems faced by bioengineered macromolecule drugs leading to poor bioavailability are short biological half-life, large size and high molecular weight, low permeability through biological membranes, and structural instability. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising strategy to overcome these problems. Nevertheless, the delivery system should be carefully chosen considering loading efficiency, physicochemical properties, production conditions, toxicity, and regulations. Moving from the bench to the bedside is still one of the major bottlenecks in nanomedicine, and toxicological issues are the greatest challenges to overcome. This review provides an overview of biotech drug delivery approaches, associated nanotechnology novelty, toxicological issues, and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Souza Ribeiro Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology (Latef), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Bester Liszbinski
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Moreni Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura Oliveira-Nascimento
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology (Latef), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Faustino Jozala
- LAMINFE - Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Process, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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Naziris N, Demetzos C. The Regulatory Landscape of New Health Technologies and Nanotechnologies: The Role of Complexity of Nanosystems. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:575-589. [PMID: 37581831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present the modern issue of new health technologies that emerge in Medicine and Therapeutics, with regard to their development, regulatory framework, approval, and post-approval monitoring. The European law and legislation distinguish the various subcategories of health technologies in medicinal products, medical devices, biotechnological products, advanced therapy medicinal products, and nanomedicinal products. Each of these categories presents its own distinctive characteristics, based on principles that regard the development technology and intended therapeutic use, and, as a result, is defined by a unique regulatory framework inside the European legislation environment. New health technologies are a key of twenty-first-century knowledge, science, and economy and a part of society growth and economic development, while at the same time they present significant challenges, mainly through matters that regard their safety, efficacy, and value for the public. In this environment, the concept of complexity of living and artificial systems arises, as part of their nature, but also as a perspective that will give answers regarding their dynamic behavior, evolution, and overall quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Naziris
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zhou R, Zhao D, Beeraka NM, Wang X, Lu P, Song R, Chen K, Liu J. Novel Implications of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy: Z-Effect and Tumor Hypoxia. Metabolites 2022; 12:943. [PMID: 36295845 PMCID: PMC9612299 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy (brachytherapy) induce tumor cell death through different molecular signaling pathways. However, these therapies in cancer patients are constrained by dose-related adverse effects and local discomfort due to the prolonged exposure to the surrounding tissues. Technological advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in synthesis of high atomic elements such as nanomaterials, which can be used as radiosensitizers due to their photoelectric characteristics. The aim of this review is to elucidate the effects of novel nanomaterials in the field of radiation oncology to ameliorate dose-related toxicity through the application of ideal nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers such as Au (gold), Bi (bismuth), and Lu (Lutetium-177) for enhancing cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy via the high-Z effect. In addition, we discuss the role of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy in alleviating tumor hypoxia through the nanodelivery of genes/drugs and other functional anticancer molecules. The implications of engineered nanoparticles in preclinical and clinical studies still need to be studied in order to explore potential mechanisms for radiosensitization by minimizing tumor hypoxia, operational/logistic complications and by overcoming tumor heterogeneity in radiotherapy/brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, India
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Pengwei Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruixia Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kuo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Future perspectives for advancing regulatory science of nanotechnology-enabled health products. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2145-2156. [PMID: 35691982 PMCID: PMC9360093 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of regulatory challenges for nanotechnology-enabled health products, followed by discussions with the involved stakeholders, is the first step towards a strategic planning of how such challenges can be successfully addressed in the future. In order to better understand whether the identified regulatory needs are sector-specific for health products or might also hinder the progress in other domains, the REFINE consortium reached out to communities representing other sectors that also exploit the potential of nanotechnology, i.e. industrial chemicals, food and cosmetics. Through a series of trans-sectorial workshops, REFINE partners identified common as well as sector-specific challenges and discussed possible ways forward. Potential solutions lie in a more strengthen collaboration between regulatory and research communities resulting in a targeted production and exploitation of academic data for the regulatory decision-making. Furthermore, a coordinated use of knowledge sharing platforms and databases, trans-sectorial standardisation activities and harmonisation of regulatory activities between geographical regions are possible ways forward, in line with the upcoming European political initiatives such as the Chemical Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). Finally, we also discuss the perspectives for further development and sustainability of methods and tools developed in the REFINE project.
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Nooreen R, Nene S, Jain H, Prasannanjaneyulu V, Chitlangya P, Otavi S, Khatri DK, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Polymer nanotherapeutics: A versatile platform for effective rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 348:397-419. [PMID: 35660632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an aggressive and severely debilitating disorder that is characterized by joint pain and cartilage damage. It restricts mobility in patients, leaving them unable to carry out simple tasks. RA presents itself with severe lasting pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints and may cause permanent disability in patients. Treatment regimens currently employed for rheumatoid arthritis revolve around keeping clinical symptoms like joint pain, inflammation, swelling and stiffness at bay. The current therapeutic interventions in rheumatoid arthritis involve the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and newer biological drugs that are engineered for inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. These conventional drugs are plagued with severe adverse effects because of their higher systemic distribution, lack of specificity and higher doses. Oral, intra-articular, and intravenous routes are routinely used for drug delivery which is associated with decreased patient compliance, high cost, poor bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance. All these drawbacks have enticed researchers to create novel strategies for drug delivery, the main approach being nanocarrier-based systems. In this article, we aim to consolidate the remarkable contributions of polymeric carrier systems including microneedle technology and smart trigger-responsive polymeric carriers in the management of rheumatoid arthritis along with its detailed pathophysiology. This review also briefly describes the safety and regulatory aspects of polymer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Nooreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shweta Nene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Harsha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Velpula Prasannanjaneyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Palak Chitlangya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shivam Otavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Van Der Laan JW. Revision of ICH S8 Needed? FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:866737. [PMID: 35548682 PMCID: PMC9081432 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.866737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Đorđević S, Gonzalez MM, Conejos-Sánchez I, Carreira B, Pozzi S, Acúrcio RC, Satchi-Fainaro R, Florindo HF, Vicent MJ. Current hurdles to the translation of nanomedicines from bench to the clinic. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:500-525. [PMID: 34302274 PMCID: PMC8300981 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanomedicine has significantly influenced research areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, and regenerative medicine; however, the further development of this field will face significant challenges at the regulatory level if related guidance remains unclear and unconsolidated. This review describes those features and pathways crucial to the clinical translation of nanomedicine and highlights considerations for early-stage product development. These include identifying those critical quality attributes of the drug product essential for activity and safety, appropriate analytical methods (physical, chemical, biological) for characterization, important process parameters, and adequate pre-clinical models. Additional concerns include the evaluation of batch-to-batch consistency and considerations regarding scaling up that will ensure a successful reproducible manufacturing process. Furthermore, we advise close collaboration with regulatory agencies from the early stages of development to assure an aligned position to accelerate the development of future nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Đorđević
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Av, Spain
| | - María Medel Gonzalez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Av, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Av, Spain
| | - Barbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rita C Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Av, Spain.
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13
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Isles MP. Nanomedicines and Nanosimilars—Why a Robust Centralised Regulatory Framework Is Essential to Enhance Patient Safety. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:787239. [PMID: 35280250 PMCID: PMC8907565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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14
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Malviya R, Fuloria S, Verma S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Kumarasamy V, Hari Kumar D, Vellasamy S, Meenakshi DU, Yadav S, Sharma A, Fuloria NK. Commercial utilities and future perspective of nanomedicines. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12392. [PMID: 34820175 PMCID: PMC8607930 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to describe the commercial utilities and future perspectives of nanomedicines. Nanomedicines are intended to increase precision medicine and decrease the adverse effects on the patient. Nanomedicines are produced, engineered, and industrialized at the cellular, chemical, and macromolecular levels. This study describes the various aspects of nanomedicine such as governing outlooks over high use of nanomedicine, regulatory advancements for nanomedicines, standards, and guidelines for nanomedicines as per Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). This review also focuses on the patents and clinical trials based on nanoformulation, along with nanomedicines utilization as drug therapy and their market value. The present study concludes that nanomedicines are of high importance in biomedical and pharmaceutical production and offer better therapeutic effects especially in the case of drugs that possess low aqueous solubility. The factual data presented in this study will assist the researchers and health care professionals in understanding the applications of nanomedicine for better diagnosis and effective treatment of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kathiresan V Sathasivam
- Faculty of Applied Science & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Darnal Hari Kumar
- Jeffrey Cheah Cheshire School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Vellasamy
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
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15
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Matsuoka M, Imai H, Izutsu K, Sakai-Kato K. Detection of material-derived differences in the stiffness of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes using atomic force microscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 233:104992. [PMID: 33058816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Naturally sourced phospholipids are used in many liposomal pharmaceuticals. The present report describes a method to detect the effects of different egg yolk phosphatidylcholines (EPCs) on liposomal physicochemical properties. Five EPC-containing liposomes were prepared using five different EPCs obtained from different suppliers. There was no significant difference in purity between each EPC. The stiffness of the liposomes was examined via atomic force microscopy (AFM) in relation to the liposomal membrane permeability coefficient of encapsulated calcein after gel filtration, which is indicative of liposomal stability including the release of a hydrophilic drug from a liposome. Although the size of the liposome and the encapsulation efficiency of calcein did not significantly change with the type of EPC used, the liposome stiffness was found to vary depending on the EPC used, and liposomes with a similar stiffness were found to show a similar membrane permeability to calcein. Our results indicate the usefulness of stiffness measurement, using AFM as the analytical method, to detect material-derived differences in EPC-containing liposomes that affect drug release from the liposomes. Because drug release is one of the most important liposomal functions, combining this method with other analytical methods could be useful in selecting material for the development and quality control of EPC-containing liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsuoka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenichi Izutsu
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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16
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Martinelli C, Biglietti M. Nanotechnological approaches for counteracting multidrug resistance in cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:1003-1020. [PMID: 35582219 PMCID: PMC8992571 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Every year, cancer accounts for a vast portion of deaths worldwide. Established clinical protocols are based on chemotherapy, which, however, is not tumor-selective and produces a series of unbearable side effects in healthy tissues. As a consequence, multidrug resistance (MDR) can arise causing metastatic progression and disease relapse. Combination therapy has demonstrated limited responses in the treatment of MDR, mainly due to the different pharmacokinetic properties of administered drugs and to tumor heterogeneity, challenges that still need to be solved in a significant percentage of cancer patients. In this perspective, we briefly discuss the most relevant MDR mechanisms leading to therapy failure and we report the most advanced strategies adopted in the nanomedicine field for the design and evaluation of ad hoc nanocarriers. We present some emerging classes of nanocarriers developed to reverse MDR and discuss recent progress evidencing their limits and promises.
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17
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Roy R, Muñoz-Fernández Á, Ceña V, Majoral JP. Dendrimers toward Translational Nanotherapeutics: Concise Key Step Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Glycovax Pharma, 424 Guy Street, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3J 1S6
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China
| | - René Roy
- Glycovax Pharma, 424 Guy Street, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3J 1S6
| | - Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección Inmunologı́a, Laboratorio InmunoBiologı́a Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Ceña
- CIBERNED, ISCII, Madrid; Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Almansa, 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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18
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Roy R, Muñoz-Fernández Á, Ceña V, Majoral JP. Dendrimers toward Translational Nanotherapeutics: Concise Key Step Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2060-2071. [PMID: 32786368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of nanomedicine is to address specific clinical problems optimally, to fight human diseases, and to find clinical relevance to change clinical practice. Nanomedicine is poised to revolutionize medicine via the development of more precise diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The field of nanomedicine encompasses numerous features and therapeutic disciplines. A plethora of nanomolecular structures have been engineered and developed for therapeutic applications based on their multitasking abilities and the wide functionalization of their core scaffolds and surface groups. Within nanoparticles used for nanomedicine, dendrimers as well polymers have demonstrated strong potential as nanocarriers, therapeutic agents, and imaging contrast agents. In this review, we present and discuss the different criteria and parameters to be addressed to prepare and develop druggable nanoparticles in general and dendrimers in particular. We also describe the major requirements, included in the preclinical and clinical roadmap, for NPs/dendrimers for the preclinical stage to commercialization. Ultimately, we raise the clinical translation of new nanomedicine issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Glycovax Pharma, 424 Guy Street, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3J 1S6
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - René Roy
- Glycovax Pharma, 424 Guy Street, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3J 1S6
| | - Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección Inmunologı́a, Laboratorio InmunoBiologı́a Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Ceña
- CIBERNED, ISCII, Madrid; Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Almansa, 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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19
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Roy R, Muñoz-Fernández Á, Ceña V, Majoral JP. Dendrimers toward Translational Nanotherapeutics: Concise Key Step Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Glycovax Pharma, 424 Guy Street, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3J 1S6
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Quı́mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China
| | - René Roy
- Glycovax Pharma, 424 Guy Street, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3J 1S6
| | - Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección Inmunologı́a, Laboratorio InmunoBiologı́a Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Ceña
- CIBERNED, ISCII, Madrid; Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Almansa, 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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20
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Sakai-Kato K, Takechi-Haraya Y, Chida T, Okazaki M, Kozaki M. Robust Nanoparticle Morphology and Size Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy for Standardization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:791-796. [PMID: 32741922 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of the complexity of nanomedicines, analysis of their morphology and size has attracted considerable attention both from researchers and regulatory agencies. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool because it can provide detailed morphological characteristics of nanoparticles both in the air and in aqueous medium. However, to our knowledge, AFM methods for nanomedicines have yet to be standardized or be listed in any pharmacopeias. To assess the applicability of standardization of AFM, in this study, we aimed to identify robust conditions for assessing the morphology and size of nanoparticles based on a polystyrene nanoparticle certified reference material standard. The spring constant of the cantilever did not affect the size of the nanoparticles but needed to be optimized depending on the measurement conditions. The size analysis method of the obtained images affected the results of the analyzed size values. The results analyzed by cross-sectional line profiling were independent of the measurement conditions and gave similar results to those from dynamic light scattering. It was indicated that approximately 100 particles are required for a representative measurement. Under the optimized conditions, there were no significant inter-instrument differences in the analyzed size values of polystyrene nanoparticles both in air and under aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manami Okazaki
- Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories
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21
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Rajora AK, Ravishankar D, Zhang H, Rosenholm JM. Recent Advances and Impact of Chemotherapeutic and Antiangiogenic Nanoformulations for Combination Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060592. [PMID: 32630584 PMCID: PMC7356724 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy, along with antiangiogenesis drugs (combination cancer therapy), has shown reduced tumor recurrence and improved antitumor effects, as tumor growth and metastasis are often dependent on tumor vascularization. However, the effect of combination chemotherapy, including synergism and additive and even antagonism effects, depends on drug combinations in an optimized ratio. Hence, nanoformulations are ideal, demonstrating a great potential for the combination therapy of chemo-antiangiogenesis for cancer. The rationale for designing various nanocarriers for combination therapy is derived from organic (polymer, lipid), inorganic, or hybrid materials. In particular, hybrid nanocarriers that consist of more than one material construct provide flexibility for different modes of entrapment within the same carrier—e.g., physical adsorption, encapsulation, and chemical conjugation strategies. These multifunctional nanocarriers can thus be used to co-deliver chemo- and antiangiogenesis drugs with tunable drug release at target sites. Hence, this review attempts to survey the most recent advances in nanoformulations and their impact on cancer treatment in a combined regimen—i.e., conventional cytotoxic and antiangiogenesis agents. The mechanisms and site-specific co-delivery strategies are also discussed herein, along with future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Rajora
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: (A.K.R.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Divyashree Ravishankar
- Bioscience Department, Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK;
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: (A.K.R.); (J.M.R.)
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22
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Macdougall IC, Comin-Colet J, Breymann C, Spahn DR, Koutroubakis IE. Iron Sucrose: A Wealth of Experience in Treating Iron Deficiency. Adv Ther 2020; 37:1960-2002. [PMID: 32297281 PMCID: PMC7467495 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in a wide range of conditions. In many patient populations, this can be treated effectively with oral iron supplementation; but in patients who are unable to take or who do not respond to oral iron therapy, intravenous iron administration is recommended. Furthermore, in certain conditions, such as end-stage kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and inflammatory bowel disease, intravenous iron administration has become first-line treatment. One of the first available intravenous iron preparations is iron sucrose (Venofer®), a nanomedicine that has been used clinically since 1949. Treatment with iron sucrose is particularly beneficial owing to its ability to rapidly increase hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation levels, with an acceptable safety profile. Recently, important new data relating to the use of iron sucrose, including the findings from the landmark PIVOTAL trial in patients with end-stage kidney disease, have been reported. Several years ago, a number of iron sucrose similars became available, although there have been concerns about the clinical appropriateness of substituting the original iron sucrose with an iron sucrose similar because of differences in efficacy and safety. This is a result of the complex and unique physicochemical properties of nanomedicines such as iron sucrose, which make copying the molecule difficult and problematic. In this review, we summarize the evidence accumulated during 70 years of clinical experience with iron sucrose in terms of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Comin-Colet
- Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital and IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Wong JC, Xiang L, Ngoi KH, Chia CH, Jin KS, Ree M. Quantitative Structural Analysis of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Using Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020477. [PMID: 32093008 PMCID: PMC7077714 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-1, PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4) in aqueous solutions were investigated in terms of morphological structure, size, and size distribution. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering analysis (SAXS) was carried out, providing morphology details, size and size distribution on the particles. PS-1, PS-2, and PS-3 were confirmed to behave two-phase (core and shell) spherical shapes, whereas PS-4 exhibited a single-phase spherical shape. They all revealed very narrow unimodal size distributions. The structural parameter details including radial density profile were determined. In addition, the presence of surfactant molecules and their assemblies were detected for all particle solutions, which could originate from their surfactant-assisted emulsion polymerizations. In addition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was performed, finding only meaningful hydrodynamic size and intensity-weighted mean size information on the individual PS solutions because of the particles' spherical nature. In contrast, the size distributions were extracted unrealistically too broad, and the volume- and number-weighted mean sizes were too small, therefore inappropriate to describe the particle systems. Furthermore, the DLS analysis could not detect completely the surfactant and their assemblies present in the particle solutions. Overall, the quantitative SAXS analysis confirmed that the individual PS particle systems were successfully prepared with spherical shape in a very narrow unimodal size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chyi Wong
- Materials Science Program, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Kuan Hoon Ngoi
- Materials Science Program, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Chin Hua Chia
- Materials Science Program, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.C.); (K.S.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.H.C.); (K.S.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Research Institute, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Correspondence: (C.H.C.); (K.S.J.); (M.R.)
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24
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Demetzos C, Kavatzikidou P, Pippa N, Stratakis E. Nanomedicines and Nanosimilars: Looking for a New and Dynamic Regulatory "Astrolabe" Inspired System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:65. [PMID: 31933006 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of the nanotechnology in medicine and pharmaceutics opens new horizons in therapeutics. Several nanomedicines are in the market and an increasing number is in clinical trials. But which is the advantage of the medicines in nanoscale? The scientists and the regulatory authorities agree that the size and consequently the physiochemical/biological properties of nanomaterials play a key role in their safety and effectiveness. Additionally, all of them agree that a new scientific-based regulatory landscape is required for the establishment of nanomedicines in the market. The aim of this review is to investigate the parameters that the scientists and the regulatory authorities should take into account in order to build up a dynamic regulatory landscape for nanomedicines. For this reason, we propose an "astrolabe-like system" as the guide for establishing the regulatory approval process. Its function is based on the different physicochemical/biological properties in comparison to low molecular weight drugs.
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25
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Sarwal A, Singh G, Singh K, Garg S. Recent Interventions for Nanotechnology Based Drug Products: Insights into the Regulatory Aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5219-5228. [PMID: 30652639 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190117094250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology has been one of the most prominent forefront grounds in several traditional research areas of science and technology, and development of medicines at nanoscale can be reflected by the tremendous surge in market interest. Present outlook: Its applications include various research areas of medicine, drug delivery technology, diagnostic devices, tissue engineering and gene therapy. Along with immense advances, this technology comes with major limitations including potential immune reactivity and complex characterization of these products. Regulatory challenges: The lack of a proper regulatory perspective due to infidelities in scientific findings have led to further uncertainties and vagueness of the nanoscale domain, particularly its safety implications. Guideline scenario: Early development pathways and regulations should be a top-notch priority to help researchers fail faster and more economically. This would facilitate the peaking utility of these materials in medicine without compromising public health and environmental integrity. This review attempts to emphasize the regulatory rationales of key considerations in nanotechnology along with a portray of the present scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Sarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab, University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab, University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab, University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia, Australia
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Soler Besumbes E, Fornaguera C, Monge M, García-Celma MJ, Carrión J, Solans C, Dols-Perez A. PLGA cationic nanoparticles, obtained from nano-emulsion templating, as potential DNA vaccines. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tu WM, Huang XC, Chen YL, Luo YL, Liau I, Hsu HY. Longitudinal and quantitative assessment platform for concurrent analysis of anti-tumor efficacy and cardiotoxicity of nano-formulated medication in vivo. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1095:129-137. [PMID: 31864613 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing nanomedicinal approaches have been developed to effectively inhibit tumor growth; however, critical questions such as whether a nanomedicinal approach can mitigate latent side effects are barely addressed. To this end, we established a zebrafish xenograft tumor model, combining pseudodynamic three-dimensional cardiac imaging and image analysis to enable simultaneous and quantitative determination of the change of tumor volume and cardiac function of zebrafish upon specific nanoformulation treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known chemotherapeutic agent with cardiotoxicity, and a recently developed DOX-loaded nanocomposite were employed as two model drugs to demonstrate the effectiveness to utilize the proposed evaluation platform for rapid validation. The nanoformulation significantly mitigated DOX-associated cardiotoxicity, while retaining the efficacy of DOX in inhibiting tumor growth compared to administration of carrier-free DOX at the same dose. We anticipate that this platform possesses the potential as an efficient assessment system for nanoformulated cancer therapeutics with suspected toxicity and side effects to vital organs such as the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Tu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, No.1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xin-Chun Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, No.1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, No.1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Ling Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, No.1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ian Liau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, No.1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yun Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, No.1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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28
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Wu LP, Wang D, Li Z. Grand challenges in nanomedicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110302. [PMID: 31753337 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics and nanopharmaceuticals could achieve and facilitate earlier and more precise individual diagnosis, improve targeted therapies, reduce side effects, and enhance therapeutic monitoring. These advantages will improve quality of life, support a healthier and more independent aging population, and be instrumental in maximizing the cost-effectiveness of health care. However, the field of nanomedicine is at its early stage, most of the research still stays in the laboratory phase, and few success stories are translated into clinical trials and medical practice. This review will demonstrate the numerous challenges that are encountered during the development of commercial nanoparticle-based therapeutics and the possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ping Wu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Danyang Wang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore
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29
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Goda Y, Izutsu K, Sakai-Kato K. Improved Atomic Force Microscopy Stiffness Measurements of Nanoscale Liposomes by Cantilever Tip Shape Evaluation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10432-10440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Izutsu
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Klein K, Stolk P, De Bruin ML, Leufkens HGM, Crommelin DJA, De Vlieger JSB. The EU regulatory landscape of non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs) follow-on products: Observations and recommendations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:228-235. [PMID: 30953753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
"Non-biological complex drugs" (NBCDs), such as liposomal formulations, iron-carbohydrate complexes and glatiramoids, gained increased interest from a regulatory perspective in recent years. Similar to biologics, the quality of NBCD products is highly dependent on a robust and well-controlled manufacturing process. This provides challenges for generic drug developers to replicate NBCD products once market exclusivity of the originator product is expired. However, unlike biologics for which a consistent regulatory framework was established with the biosimilars pathway, NBCDs are not recognised as a distinct category of medicines and hence no formal regulatory pathway for their approval is defined. Currently, a "case-by-case" approach is applied for regulating NBCD follow-on products in the EU. Furthermore, NBCDs can follow a non-centralised authorisation procedure, leaving regulatory approvals to national competent authorities. This can lead to heterogeneity in the regulatory approach and outcomes when assessing NBCD follow-on products throughout the EU, which for some product classes has already resulted in some safety and efficacy implications. Here, we explore the regulatory landscape of NBCDs and their follow on products. This study shows that almost all of the 85 NBCD follow-on products available in the EU in 2018 have been approved via various non-centralised procedures. Although most NBCD follow-on products followed an Article 10(1) procedure, we clearly see a recent increase of the use of the hybrid pathway via Article 10(3). This study shows the heterogeneity in the regulatory approach taken for many NBCD follow on products. To what extent this may have consequences for their safety and efficacy evaluations is unknown and needs to be further investigated. The present study should stimulate the rethinking to design prudent regulatory pathways for NBCD follow-on products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klein
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Lygature, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Exon Consultancy, 1017 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P Stolk
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Lygature, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Exon Consultancy, 1017 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M L De Bruin
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science (CORS) at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H G M Leufkens
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Lygature, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D J A Crommelin
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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31
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Endrenyi L, Tothfalusi L. Bioequivalence for highly variable drugs: regulatory agreements, disagreements, and harmonization. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2019; 46:117-126. [PMID: 30798390 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory authorities introduced procedures in the last decade for evaluating the bioequivalence (BE) for highly variable drugs. These approaches are similar in principle but differ in details. For example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommend differing regulatory constants. The constant suggested by FDA results in discontinuity of the BE limits around the switching variation at 30% observed within-subject variation of the reference product. The regulatory constant of EMA does not have these problems. The Type I error reaches 6-7% around the switching variation with the EMA constant but 16-17% with the FDA constant. Various procedures were recently suggested, especially for the EMA approach, to eliminate the inflation of the Type I error. Notably, the so-called Exact algorithms try to amalgamate the positive features of both EMA and FDA procedures without their negative sides. The computational procedure for the EMA approach is simple and has a straightforward interpretation. The procedure for the FDA approach is based on an approximation, has a bias at small degrees of freedom, and requires a suitable computer program. All regulatory agencies impose a second requirement constraining the point estimate of the ratio of geometric means. In addition, EMA and Health Canada impose an upper limit for applying the recommended procedures. These expectations have psychological motivation and political rationale but no scientific foundations. Their inclusion results in incorrect and misleading interpretation of the principal criterion which involves confidence intervals. Different regulatory authorities expect to apply their approaches either to both AUC and Cmax or only to AUC or only to Cmax. Rational resolution of the disharmonization is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Endrenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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32
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Martin-Malo A, Borchard G, Flühmann B, Mori C, Silverberg D, Jankowska EA. Differences between intravenous iron products: focus on treatment of iron deficiency in chronic heart failure patients. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:241-253. [PMID: 30694615 PMCID: PMC6437426 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anaemia and is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Iron deficiency, with or without anaemia, can be corrected with intravenous (i.v.) iron therapy. In heart failure patients, iron status screening, diagnosis, and treatment of iron deficiency with ferric carboxymaltose are recommended by the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, based on results of two randomized controlled trials in CHF patients with iron deficiency. All i.v. iron complexes consist of a polynuclear Fe(III)‐oxyhydroxide/oxide core that is stabilized with a compound‐specific carbohydrate, which strongly influences their physico‐chemical properties (e.g. molecular weight distribution, complex stability, and labile iron content). Thus, the carbohydrate determines the metabolic fate of the complex, affecting its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile and interactions with the innate immune system. Accordingly, i.v. iron products belong to the new class of non‐biological complex drugs for which regulatory authorities recognized the need for more detailed characterization by orthogonal methods, particularly when assessing generic/follow‐on products. Evaluation of published clinical and non‐clinical studies with different i.v. iron products in this review suggests that study results obtained with one i.v. iron product should not be assumed to be equivalent to other i.v. iron products that lack comparable study data in CHF. Without head‐to‐head clinical studies proving the therapeutic equivalence of other i.v. iron products with ferric carboxymaltose, in the highly vulnerable population of heart failure patients, extrapolation of results and substitution with a different i.v. iron product is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martin-Malo
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Ewa A Jankowska
- Centre for Heart Diseases - Clinical Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
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33
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Sakai-Kato K, Yoshida K, Izutsu KI. Effect of surface charge on the size-dependent cellular internalization of liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 224:104726. [PMID: 30660745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we report that the size dependence of cellular internalization of liposomes differs depending on the surface charge. We prepared liposomes of various lipid compositions ranging from 100 to 200 nm size. It was found that cationic liposomes composed of 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) were most effectively internalized into cells when their mean particle sizes were around 180 nm. When their size was reduced to around 90 nm, the level of internalization reduced six-fold. Conversely, hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC)/N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol 2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PEG2000-DSPE)/cholesterol(Chol) liposomes, HSPC/PEG2000-DSPE liposomes, and HSPC/Chol liposomes were most readily internalized when they were around 110 to 130 nm in mean particle size. Unlike DOPC/DOTAP liposomes the difference between the maximum and minimum levels of internalization was less than two-fold. It has been suggested that strong electrostatic interactions between cationic liposomes and the negatively charged plasma membrane affect the size dependence and optimal size range for internalization of liposomes. Size dependence of internalization should be carefully monitored for effective formulation development and quality control of liposome drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Kohki Yoshida
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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34
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Krajišnik D, Milić J, Savić S. Challenges of in vitro characterization of nonbiological complex drugs: Example of parenteral preparations with liposomal drug carriers. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1903176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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35
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Halamoda‐Kenzaoui B, Holzwarth U, Roebben G, Bogni A, Bremer‐Hoffmann S. Mapping of the available standards against the regulatory needs for nanomedicines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1531. [PMID: 29923692 PMCID: PMC6585614 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate documentary standards and reference materials are crucial building blocks for the development of innovative products. In order to support the emerging sector of nanomedicine, relevant standards must be identified and/or developed before the products will enter into the regulatory approval process. The anticipation of standardization needs requires a good understanding on the regulatory information requirements that can be triggered by the particularities of nanomedicines. However, robust datasets allowing firm conclusions on regulatory demands are not yet available due to a lack of regulatory experience with innovative products. Such a catch-22 situation can only be advanced in an iterative process by monitoring continuously the scientific evidence and by promoting intensive knowledge exchange between all involved stakeholders. In this study, we have compiled information requirements released by regulatory scientists so far and mapped it against available standards that could be of relevance for nanomedicines. Our gap analysis clearly demonstrated that for some endpoints such as drug release/loading and the interaction of nanomedicines with the immune system no standards are available so far. The emerging nanomedicine sector could benefit from cross-sector collaboration and review the suitability of standards that have been developed for nanomaterials used for other industrial applications. Only a concerted action of all parties can lead to a smooth translation of nanomedicines to clinical application and to the market. This is in particular important because nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are key for the development and implementation of personalized medicine. This article is characterized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gert Roebben
- Joint Research CentreEuropean CommissionGeelBelgium
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36
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Nanomedicines: The magic bullets reaching their target? Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 128:73-80. [PMID: 30465818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines, since the approval of the first one in the 1950s, have been accompanied by expectations of higher efficiency and efficacy, compared to less complex drugs. The fulfilment of those expectations has been slower than anticipated, due to the high complexity of nanomedicine drugs combined with a lack of scientific understanding of nanomedicine interactions with biological systems. The unique properties of their size and their surface composition create difficulties in their physicochemical characterization, and as a consequence, difficulty in assessing the similarity of follow-on products (nanosimilars) to originator nanomedicines. During the 2018 European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS) annual meeting "Crossing the barrier for future medicines" in Athens, there were several sessions on nanomedicines organised by the EUFEPS Nanomedicine Network. This review focuses on the session "Nanomedicines and nanosimilars: how to assess similar?", discussing the nature of nanomedicines, the regulatory aspects of the topic and the impact of practical use and handling of such medicinal products. Emphasis is put on the consequences their nanosize-related properties have on the establishment of their critical quality attributes and how this affects the demonstration of bioequivalence of nanosimilars to their originator products. The lack of an appropriate and harmonized regulatory evaluation procedure and the absence of corresponding education are also discussed, especially the uncertainty surrounding the practical use of nanosimilars, including the higher healthcare cost due to less than satisfactory number of safe and efficacious nanosimilars in the market.
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Aapro M, Beguin Y, Bokemeyer C, Dicato M, Gascón P, Glaspy J, Hofmann A, Link H, Littlewood T, Ludwig H, Österborg A, Pronzato P, Santini V, Schrijvers D, Stauder R, Jordan K, Herrstedt J. Management of anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:iv96-iv110. [PMID: 29471514 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Aapro
- Genolier Cancer Centre, Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Y Beguin
- University of Liège, Liège
- CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and BMT with Section Pneumology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Dicato
- Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - P Gascón
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Glaspy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A Hofmann
- Medical Society for Blood Management, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - H Link
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Westpfalz-Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - T Littlewood
- Department of Haematology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - H Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Österborg
- Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Pronzato
- Medica Oncology, IRCCS Asiana Pedaliter Universitaria San Martino - IST, Institutor Nazionale per la Ricercars sol Chancre, Genova
| | - V Santini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Haematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - D Schrijvers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Stauder
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Jordan
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Herrstedt
- Department of Oncology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guo J, Luan X, Cong Z, Sun Y, Wang L, McKenna SL, Cahill MR, O'Driscoll CM. The potential for clinical translation of antibody-targeted nanoparticles in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. J Control Release 2018; 286:154-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Soares S, Sousa J, Pais A, Vitorino C. Nanomedicine: Principles, Properties, and Regulatory Issues. Front Chem 2018; 6:360. [PMID: 30177965 PMCID: PMC6109690 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several scientific areas have benefited significantly from the introduction of nanotechnology and the respective evolution. This is especially noteworthy in the development of new drug substances and products. This review focuses on the introduction of nanomedicines in the pharmaceutical market, and all the controversy associated to basic concepts related to these nanosystems, and the numerous methodologies applied for enhanced knowledge. Due to the properties conferred by the nanoscale, the challenges for nanotechnology implementation, specifically in the pharmaceutical development of new drug products and respective regulatory issues are critically discussed, mainly focused on the European Union context. Finally, issues pertaining to the current applications and future developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Pais
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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40
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Emily M, Ioanna N, Scott B, Beat F. Reflections on FDA Draft Guidance for Products Containing Nanomaterials: Is the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) a Suitable Pathway for Nanomedicines? AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:92. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Goda Y, Sakai-Kato K. Atomic Force Microscopy Study on the Stiffness of Nanosized Liposomes Containing Charged Lipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7805-7812. [PMID: 29869883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been recognized that the mechanical properties of lipid nanoparticles play an important role during in vitro and in vivo behaviors such as cellular uptake, blood circulation, and biodistribution. However, there have been no quantitative investigations of the effect of commonly used charged lipids on the stiffness of nanosized liposomes. In this study, by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), we quantified the stiffness of nanosized liposomes composed of neutrally charged lipids combined with positively or negatively charged lipids while simultaneously imaging the liposomes in aqueous medium. Our results showed that charged lipids, whether negatively or positively charged, have the effect of reducing the stiffness of nanosized liposomes, independently of the saturation degree of the lipid acyl chains; the measured stiffness values of liposomes containing charged lipids are 30-60% lower than those of their neutral counterpart liposomes. In addition, we demonstrated that the Laurdan generalized polarization values, which are related to the hydration degree of the liposomal membrane interface and often used as a qualitative indicator of liposomal membrane stiffness, do not directly correlate with the physical stiffness values of the liposomes prepared in this study. However, our results indicate that direct quantitative AFM measurement is a valuable method to gain molecular-scale information about how the hydration degree of liposomal interfaces reflects (or does not reflect) liposome stiffness as a macroscopic property. Our AFM method will contribute to the quantitative characterization of the nano-bio interaction of nanoparticles and to the optimization of the lipid composition of liposomes for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Division of Drugs , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
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Sosnik A, Mühlebach S. Editorial: Drug Nanoparticles and Nano-Cocrystals: From Production and Characterization to Clinical Translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:1-2. [PMID: 30219177 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Regulatory challenges of nanomedicines and their follow-on versions: A generic or similar approach? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:122-131. [PMID: 29966685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines and follow-on versions (also called nanosimilars in the EU) have been on the market partially for decades although without recognition of their nano properties in the beginning; a substantial number is in clinical development. Nanomedicines are typically synthetic and belong to the non-biological complex drugs. They show a high variability in form, structure, and size. Additionally large molecule biologics show nano-characteristics meaning nano-dimension in size (1-100 nm) or specific properties related to these dimensions. The high complexity of nanomedicines with their heterogeneous structures do not allow a full physicochemical quality characterization, challenging the regulatory evaluation especially for follow-on versions upon comparison with the reference product. The generic paradigm with the sameness approach for quality and bioequivalence in blood plasma is not appropriate for nanomedicines where a similar approach is needed. After experiencing non-equivalence of authorized parenteral colloidal iron follow-on versions, EMA and FDA issued reflection papers and draft guidances for industry to present their current thinking on the evaluation of such complex products. A stepwise approach to evaluate the extent of similarity, from quality, including critical quality attributes (CQA) and assessment of nano properties, to a non-clinical biodistribution assay, required in the the EU but not in the US, and to clinical evaluation makes sense. The cumulated totality of evidence for the authorization of nanomedicine follow-on versions goes case-by-case. Interchangeability, or substitutability, is a challenge. However, a defined or even harmonized approval pathway for these follow-versions is still missing and causes potential differences in approval. To progress, a science-based discussion platform among stakeholders and experts in the field is necessary. An agenda has been agreed [5], namely CQA assessment, publication of scientific and clinical findings, consensus on nomenclature and labelling, and regulatory actions on substandard complex drug products. Consensus created in a public private approach will support progress towards a defined and harmonized regulatory pathway for nanomedicines and their follow-on versions. This will provide drug innovation but also larger access to follow-on versions of nanomedicines, both a benefit for the patient.
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Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:22-78. [PMID: 30026127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low drug bioavailability, which is mostly a result of poor aqueous drug solubilities and of inadequate drug dissolution rates, is one of the most significant challenges that pharmaceutical companies are currently facing, since this may limit the therapeutic efficacy of marketed drugs, or even result in the discard of potential highly effective drug candidates during developmental stages. Two of the main approaches that have been implemented in recent years to overcome poor drug solubility/dissolution issues have frequently involved drug particle size reduction (i.e., micronization/nanonization) and/or the modification of some of the physicochemical and structural properties of poorly water soluble drugs. A large number of particle engineering methodologies have been developed, tested, and applied in the synthesis and control of particle size/particle-size distributions, crystallinities, and polymorphic purities of drug micro- and nano-particles/crystals. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to the several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their "green", sustainable, safe and "environmentally-friendly" intrinsic characteristics. In this work, it is presented a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on scCO2-based processes focused on the formation and on the control of the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of amorphous/crystalline pure drug nanoparticles. It is presented and discussed the most relevant scCO2, scCO2-based fluids and drug physicochemical properties that are pertinent for the development of successful pharmaceutical products, namely those that are critical in the selection of an adequate scCO2-based method to produce pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals. scCO2-based nanoparticle formation methodologies are classified in three main families, and in terms of the most important role played by scCO2 in particle formation processes: as a solvent; as an antisolvent or a co-antisolvent; and as a "high mobility" additive (a solute, a co-solute, or a co-solvent). Specific particle formation methods belonging to each one of these families are presented, discussed and compared. Some selected amorphous/crystalline drug nanoparticles that were prepared by these methods are compiled and presented, namely those studied in the last 10-15 years. A special emphasis is given to the formation of drug cocrystals. It is also discussed the fundamental knowledge and the main mechanisms in which the scCO2-based particle formation methods rely on, as well as the current status and urgent needs in terms of reliable experimental data and of robust modeling approaches. Other addressed and discussed topics include the currently available and the most adequate physicochemical, morphological and biological characterization methods required for pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals, some of the current nanometrology and regulatory issues associated to the use of these methods, as well as some scale-up, post-processing and pharmaceutical regulatory subjects related to the industrial implementation of these scCO2-based processes. Finally, it is also discussed the current status of these techniques, as well as their future major perspectives and opportunities for industrial implementation in the upcoming years.
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Bremer-Hoffmann S, Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Borgos SE. Identification of regulatory needs for nanomedicines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sven Even Borgos
- SINTEF Materials & Chemistry; Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine - Research Group Mass Spectrometry; Sem Saelands v. 2A 7034 Trondheim Norway
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Poupot R, Bergozza D, Fruchon S. Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Treat Neuro-Inflammation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E270. [PMID: 29425146 PMCID: PMC5848967 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation is a pivotal physio-pathological feature of brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. As such, it is a relevant therapeutic target against which drugs have to be proposed. Targeting neuro-inflammation implies crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) to reach the Central Nervous System (CNS). Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are promising candidates to carry and deliver drugs to the CNS by crossing the BBB. There are several strategies to design ENPs intended for crossing through the BBB. Herein, we first put nanotechnologies back in their historical context and introduce neuro-inflammation and its consequences in terms of public health. In a second part, we explain how ENPs can get access to the brain and review this area by highlighting recent papers in the field. Finally, after pointing out potential guidelines for preclinical studies involving ENPs, we conclude by opening the debate on the questions of nanosafety and toxicity of these ENPs and in particular on ecotoxicity related to regulatory issues and public concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Poupot
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Dylan Bergozza
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
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Prasad M, Lambe UP, Brar B, Shah I, J M, Ranjan K, Rao R, Kumar S, Mahant S, Khurana SK, Iqbal HMN, Dhama K, Misri J, Prasad G. Nanotherapeutics: An insight into healthcare and multi-dimensional applications in medical sector of the modern world. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1521-1537. [PMID: 29793315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years nanotechnology has revolutionized the healthcare strategies and envisioned to have a tremendous impact to offer better health facilities. In this context, medical nanotechnology involves design, fabrication, regulation, and application of therapeutic drugs and devices having a size in nano-range (1-100 nm). Owing to the revolutionary implications in drug delivery and gene therapy, nanotherapeutics has gained increasing research interest in the current medical sector of the modern world. The areas which anticipate benefits from nano-based drug delivery systems are cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, blood disorders and orthopedic problems. The development of nanotherapeutics with multi-functionalities has considerable potential to fill the lacunae existing in the present therapeutic domain. Nanomedicines in the field of cancer management have enhanced permeability and retention of drugs thereby effectively targeting the affected tissues. Polymeric conjugates of asparaginase, polymeric micelles of paclitaxel have been recmended for various types of cancer treatment .The advancement of nano therapeutics and diagnostics can provide the improved effectiveness of the drug with less or no toxicity concerns. Similarly, diagnostic imaging is having potential future applications with newer imaging elements at nano level. The newly emerging field of nanorobotics can provide new directions in the field of healthcare. In this article, an attempt has been made to highlight the novel nanotherapeutic potentialities of polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanocapsules and nanosponges based approaches. The useful applications of these nano-medicines in the field of cancer, nutrition, and health have been discussed in details. Regulatory and safety concerns along with the commercial status of nanosystems have also been presented. In summary, a successful translation of emerging nanotherapeutics into commercial products may lead to an expansion of biomedical science. Towards the end of the review, future perspectives of this important field have been introduced briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ikbal Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Manimegalai J
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Koushlesh Ranjan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Khurana
- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India
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Imaging and size measurement of nanoparticles in aqueous medium by use of atomic force microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1525-1531. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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Choi YH, Han HK. Nanomedicines: current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 48:43-60. [PMID: 30546919 PMCID: PMC6244736 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines have evolved into various forms including dendrimers, nanocrystals, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles since their first launch in the market. Widely highlighted benefits of nanomedicines over conventional medicines include superior efficacy, safety, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of pharmaceutical ingredients. Especially, various kinetic characteristics of nanomedicines in body are further influenced by their formulations. This review provides an updated understanding of nanomedicines with respect to delivery and pharmacokinetics. It describes the process and advantages of the nanomedicines approved by FDA and EMA. New FDA and EMA guidelines will also be discussed. Based on the analysis of recent guidelines and approved nanomedicines, key issues in the future development of nanomedicines will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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Personalized Nanomedicine: A Revolution at the Nanoscale. J Pers Med 2017; 7:jpm7040012. [PMID: 29023366 PMCID: PMC5748624 DOI: 10.3390/jpm7040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary research field that results from the application of nanotechnology to medicine and has the potential to significantly improve some current treatments. Specifically, in the field of personalized medicine, it is expected to have a great impact in the near future due to its multiple advantages, namely its versatility to adapt a drug to a cohort of patients. In the present review, the properties and requirements of pharmaceutical dosage forms at the nanoscale, so-called nanomedicines, are been highlighted. An overview of the main current nanomedicines in pre-clinical and clinical development is presented, detailing the challenges to the personalization of these therapies. Next, the process of development of novel nanomedicines is described, from their design in research labs to their arrival on the market, including considerations for the design of nanomedicines adapted to the requirements of the market to achieve safe, effective, and quality products. Finally, attention is given to the point of view of the pharmaceutical industry, including regulation issues applied to the specific case of personalized medicine. The authors expect this review to be a useful overview of the current state of the art of nanomedicine research and industrial production, and the future opportunities of personalized medicine in the upcoming years. The authors encourage the development and marketing of novel personalized nanomedicines.
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