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Zhou L, Zhang C, Xie Z, Yu Q, Wang J, Gong Y, Zhao J, Bai S, Yang L, Deng D, Zhang R, Shi Y. Neural Circuit Mechanisms of Sinisan formula for the Treatment of adolescent Depression: prefrontal cortex to dorsal raphe nucleus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118529. [PMID: 38972528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sinisan formula (SNSF), documented in the classic books Shanghan Lun, is known for its ability to regulate liver-qi and treat depression. However, its underlying mechanism, particularly its effects on dynamic real-time neuron activity and circuits remains to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of SNSF and its central nervous system mechanism on depression-like behaviors, focusing on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neural circuit in a stress-induced adolescent animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS SNSF comprised four herbs, the root of Bupleurum chinense DC., the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., the fruit of Citrus aurantium L., the rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., in equal propotions. The adolescent depression animal model was induced by maternal separation (MS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS). In-vivo multichannel physiological electrodes were implanted into the PFC on PND 28 and animals were recorded 5 times during PND 35-46. From PND 47, the behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of SNSF. Subsequently, brain tissue was collected for Western blot and immunofluorescence staining analysis. Retro virus was injected into the DRN to explore sources of projections received by serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons. And the PFC-to-DRN circuit was activated or inhibited through chemogenetic techniques to investigate the effects of SNSF on depression-like behaviors. RESULTS Administration of SNSF for 18 days effectively alleviated depression-like behaviors in MS&CRS adolescent mice. The PFC emerged as the primary glutamatergic projection source of the DRN5-HT neurons. Following SNSF administration for 13/15/18 days, there was an increase in the firing rate of excitatory neurons and excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio in the PFC. MS&CRS stress let to a reduction in the density of 5-HT+ and CaMKII + neurons in the DRN, accompanied by an increase in the density of GAD + neurons in the DRN, while SNSF administration reversed the alterations. Chemogenetic activation of the PFC-to-DRN circuit rescued the depression-like behaviors induced by MS&CRS, whereas suppression of this circuit attenuated the antidepressant effect of SNSF. CONCLUSIONS SNSF significantly mitigated depression-like behaviors in MS&CRS mice. SNSF exerts its antidepressant effects by increasing the E/I ratio in the PFC and enhancing glutamatergic projections from the PFC to the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Outpatient Department, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zedan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingying Yu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuwen Gong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Di Deng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhao T, Liu T, Wang L, Xie K, Tang H, Tang M. Dysfunction of neurotransmitter metabolism is associated with the severity of depression in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:332-341. [PMID: 38199403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Biochemical changes of neurotransmitters underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) are unknown. This study preliminarily explored the association between neurotransmitters with MDD and the possibility of objective laboratory prediction of neurotransmitter involvement in MDD. METHODS A total of 87 first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the cross-sectional study. The levels and turnovers of neurotransmitters (glutamine (GLN), glutamic acid (GLU), γ-2Aminobutiric acid (GABA), kainate (KA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (MHPG), noradrenaline (NE), homovanillic acid (HVA), dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), tryptophane (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)) were determined and the confounding factors were adjusted. Then a correlation and a predictive analysis towards neurotransmitters for MDD were performed. RESULTS After adjusting confounding factors, GLU (OR = 1.159), (GLU+ GABA)/GLN (OR = 1.217), DOPAC (OR = 1.106), DOPAC/DA (OR = 1.089) and (DOPAC+ HVA)/DA (OR = 1.026) enacted as risk factors of MDD, while KYN (OR = 0.992) was a protective factor. GABAergic and TRPergic pathways were associated with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression. The predictive model for MDD (AUC = 0.775, 95%CI 0.683-0.860) consisted of KYN (OR = 0.990) and (GLU + GABA)/GLN (OR = 4.101). CONCLUSIONS First-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression patients showed abnormal neurotransmitter composition. GLU, (GLU + GABA)/GLN, DOPAC, DOPAC/DA and (DOPAC + HVA)/DA were risk factors of MDD, while KYN was a protective factor. GABAergic and TRPergic pathways were correlated with MDD clinical characteristics. KYN and (GLU + GABA)/GLN may have a predictive value for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kaiqiang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Han Y, Yan H, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Li P, Zhao J, Guo W. Shared and distinctive neural substrates of generalized anxiety disorder with or without depressive symptoms and their roles in prognostic prediction. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:207-217. [PMID: 38160885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with or without depressive symptoms are obscure. This study aimed to uncover them and assess their predictive value for treatment response. METHODS We enrolled 98 GAD patients [58 (age: 33.22 ± 10.23 years old, males/females: 25/33) with and 40 (age: 33.65 ± 10.49 years old, males/females: 14/26) without depressive symptoms] and 54 healthy controls (HCs, age: 32.28 ± 10.56 years old, males/females: 21/33). Patients underwent clinical assessments and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) at baseline and after 4-week treatment with paroxetine, while HCs underwent rs-fMRI at baseline only. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was employed to measure intrinsic brain activity. We compared ReHo in patients to HCs and examined changes in ReHo within the patient groups after treatment. Support vector regression (SVR) analyses were conducted separately for each patient group to predict the patients' treatment response. RESULTS Both patient groups exhibited higher ReHo in the middle/superior frontal gyrus decreased ReHo in different brain regions compared to HCs. Furthermore, differences in ReHo were detected between the two patient groups. After treatment, the patient groups displayed distinct ReHo change patterns. By utilizing SVR based on baseline abnormal ReHo, we effectively predicted treatment response of patients (p-value for correlation < 0.05). LIMITATIONS The dropout rate was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS This study identified shared and unique neural substrates in GAD patients with or without depressive symptoms, potentially serving as biomarkers for treatment response prediction. Comorbid depressive symptoms were associated with differences in disease manifestation and treatment response compared to pure GAD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Han
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Gupta S, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Bridging the Mind and Gut: Uncovering the Intricacies of Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, and their Influence on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:2-21. [PMID: 38265387 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249271548231115071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional signaling channel that facilitates communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Recent research on the gut-brain axis demonstrates that this connection enables the brain to influence gut function, which in turn influences the brain and its cognitive functioning. It is well established that malfunctioning of this axis adversely affects both systems' ability to operate effectively. OBJECTIVE Dysfunctions in the GBA have been associated with disorders of gut motility and permeability, intestinal inflammation, indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, and IBD, as well as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Multiple research initiatives have shown that the gut microbiota, in particular, plays a crucial role in the GBA by participating in the regulation of a number of key neurochemicals that are known to have significant effects on the mental and physical well-being of an individual. METHODS Several studies have investigated the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and imbalances or disturbances in the metabolism of neurochemicals, often leading to concomitant gastrointestinal issues and modifications in gut flora composition. The interaction between neurological diseases and gut microbiota has been a focal point within this research. The novel therapeutic interventions in neuropsychiatric conditions involving interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications are outlined in this review. RESULTS The findings of multiple studies carried out on mice show that modulating and monitoring gut microbiota can help treat symptoms of such diseases, which raises the possibility of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and even dietary changes as part of a new treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric disorders and their symptoms. CONCLUSION The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain through the gut-brain axis has revealed profound implications for both gastrointestinal and neurological health. Malfunctions in this axis have been connected to a range of disorders affecting gut function as well as cognitive and neuropsychiatric well-being. The emerging understanding of the role of gut microbiota in regulating key neurochemicals opens up possibilities for novel treatment approaches for conditions like depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Gupta
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
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Chan HHY, Siu PLK, Choy CT, Chan UK, Zhou J, Wong CH, Lee YW, Chan HW, Tsui JCC, Loo SKF, Tsui SKW. Novel Multi-Strain E3 Probiotic Formulation Improved Mental Health Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Hong Kong Chinese. Nutrients 2023; 15:5037. [PMID: 38140296 PMCID: PMC10745623 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health issues have emerged as a significant concern in public health, given their association with physical and psychological comorbidities and the resultant socioeconomic burdens. Recent studies have highlighted the interplay between gut microbes and brain functions through the gut-brain axis. To investigate this further, we conducted a targeted 16S rRNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis among Southern Chinese individuals to explore the role of the gut microbiome in depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. We analyzed the differences in the gut microbiome profile of 68 participants with sleep disturbance and mood symptoms before and after an 8-week course of a novel oral E3 multi-strain probiotics formula. The results revealed a significant improvement in subjective sleep quality (PSQI: mean 8.79 at baseline vs. 7.10 at week 8, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (PHQ9: mean 6.17 at baseline vs. 4.76 at week 8, p < 0.001), and anxious symptoms (GAD7: mean 4.90 at baseline vs. 3.76 at week 8, p < 0.001). Additionally, there were notable differences in beta diversity (weighted UniFrac; p = 0.045) and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (p = 4 × 10-4) were observed in the gut microbiome analysis. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium bifidum (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus acidophilus (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus helveticus (p < 0.001) and Lactobacillus plantarum (p < 0.001) were significantly increased after the 8-week probiotic supplementation. Our study suggests that the gut microbial landscape varies between responders and non-responders at multiple levels, including genera, species, functional, and network interaction. Notably, the use of probiotics in populations with depressive or anxious symptoms and poor sleeping quality remodeled the gut microbiome and demonstrated improved mood and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hoi Yin Chan
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Pui Ling Kella Siu
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Chi Tung Choy
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Un Kei Chan
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Junwei Zhou
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Chi Ho Wong
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Yuk Wai Lee
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Ho Wang Chan
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Joseph Chi Ching Tsui
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
| | - Steven King Fan Loo
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Dermatology Centre, CUHK Medical Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Kwok Wing Tsui
- Microbiome Research Centre, BioMed Laboratory Company Limited, Hong Kong, China (P.L.K.S.); (U.K.C.); (J.Z.); (C.H.W.); (Y.W.L.); (H.W.C.); (J.C.C.T.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Basiji K, Sendani AA, Ghavami SB, Farmani M, Kazemifard N, Sadeghi A, Lotfali E, Aghdaei HA. The critical role of gut-brain axis microbiome in mental disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2547-2561. [PMID: 37436588 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The Gut-brain axis is a bidirectional neural and humoral signaling that plays an important role in mental disorders and intestinal health and connects them as well. Over the past decades, the gut microbiota has been explored as an important part of the gastrointestinal tract that plays a crucial role in the regulation of most functions of various human organs. The evidence shows several mediators such as short-chain fatty acids, peptides, and neurotransmitters that are produced by the gut may affect the brain's function directly or indirectly. Thus, dysregulation in this microbiome community can give rise to several diseases such as Parkinson's disease, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. So, the interactions between the gut and the brain are significantly considered, and also it provides a prominent subject to investigate the causes of some diseases. In this article, we reviewed and focused on the role of the largest and most repetitive bacterial community and their relevance with some diseases that they have mentioned previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Basiji
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aghamohammadi Sendani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Farmani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nesa Kazemifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stanca S, Rossetti M, Bongioanni P. The Cerebellum's Role in Affective Disorders: The Onset of Its Social Dimension. Metabolites 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37999209 PMCID: PMC10672979 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are the most frequent mental disorders whose indeterminate etiopathogenesis spurs to explore new aetiologic scenarios. In light of the neuropsychiatric symptoms characterizing Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), the objective of this narrative review is to analyze the involvement of the cerebellum (Cbm) in the onset of these conditions. It aims at detecting the repercussions of the Cbm activities on mood disorders based on its functional subdivision in vestibulocerebellum (vCbm), pontocerebellum (pCbm) and spinocerebellum (sCbm). Despite the Cbm having been, for decades, associated with somato-motor functions, the described intercellular pathways, without forgiving the molecular impairment and the alteration in the volumetric relationships, make the Cbm a new important therapeutic target for MDD and BD. Given that numerous studies have showed its activation during mnestic activities and socio-emotional events, this review highlights in the Cbm, in which the altered external space perception (vCbm) is strictly linked to the cognitive-limbic Cbm (pCbm and sCbm), a crucial role in the MDD and BD pathogenesis. Finally, by the analysis of the cerebellar activity, this study aims at underlying not only the Cbm involvement in affective disorders, but also its role in social relationship building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stanca
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Rossetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongioanni
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Medical Specialties Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Yeo J. Influence of food-derived bioactives on gut microbiota compositions and their metabolites by focusing on neurotransmitters. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1019-1027. [PMID: 37215258 PMCID: PMC10195957 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavior of gut microbiota is closely involved in sustaining balanced immune and metabolic homeostasis, and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota can lead to severe disease. Foods and dietary patterns are the primary drivers in shaping/designing gut microbiota compositions and their metabolites across the lifetime. This indicates the importance of functional molecules present in the food matrix in the life of gut microbiota and their influence on the host's biological system. In this contribution, the effects of different dietary choices and bioactive compounds (i.e., phenolics, vitamins, carotenoids) on gut microbiome compositions and their metabolites are comprehensively discussed by focusing on neurotransmitters. This study may provide useful information that fills a gap in understanding the role of the gut microbiota and its alterations as affected by foods and food-derived bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuDong Yeo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul Campus, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Radosavljevic M, Svob Strac D, Jancic J, Samardzic J. The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Personalizing the Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051095. [PMID: 37239455 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, has been characterized by significant inter-individual variability in drug response and the development of side effects. Pharmacogenetics, as a key part of personalized medicine, aims to optimize therapy according to a patient's individual genetic signature by targeting genetic variations involved in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic processes. Pharmacokinetic variability refers to variations in a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, whereas pharmacodynamic variability results from variable interactions of an active drug with its target molecules. Pharmacogenetic research on depression and anxiety has focused on genetic polymorphisms affecting metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, P-glycoprotein ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and monoamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. Recent pharmacogenetic studies have revealed that more efficient and safer treatments with antidepressants and anxiolytics could be achieved through genotype-guided decisions. However, because pharmacogenetics cannot explain all observed heritable variations in drug response, an emerging field of pharmacoepigenetics investigates how epigenetic mechanisms, which modify gene expression without altering the genetic code, might influence individual responses to drugs. By understanding the epi(genetic) variability of a patient's response to pharmacotherapy, clinicians could select more effective drugs while minimizing the likelihood of adverse reactions and therefore improve the quality of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Radosavljevic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jancic
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Samardzic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Jung J, McCartney DL, Wagner J, Yoo J, Bell AS, Mavromatis LA, Rosoff DB, Hodgkinson CA, Sun H, Schwandt M, Diazgranados N, Smith AK, Michopoulos V, Powers A, Stevens J, Bradley B, Fani N, Walker RM, Campbell A, Porteous DJ, McIntosh AM, Horvath S, Marioni RE, Evans KL, Goldman D, Lohoff FW. Additive Effects of Stress and Alcohol Exposure on Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Alcohol Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:331-341. [PMID: 36182531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress contributes to premature aging and susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD itself is a factor in premature aging; however, the interrelationships of stress, AUD, and premature aging are poorly understood. METHODS We constructed a composite score of stress from 13 stress-related outcomes in a discovery cohort of 317 individuals with AUD and control subjects. We then developed a novel methylation score of stress (MS stress) as a proxy of composite score of stress comprising 211 CpGs selected using a penalized regression model. The effects of MS stress on health outcomes and epigenetic aging were assessed in a sample of 615 patients with AUD and control subjects using epigenetic clocks and DNA methylation-based telomere length. Statistical analysis with an additive model using MS stress and a MS for alcohol consumption (MS alcohol) was conducted. Results were replicated in 2 independent cohorts (Generation Scotland, N = 7028 and the Grady Trauma Project, N = 795). RESULTS Composite score of stress and MS stress were strongly associated with heavy alcohol consumption, trauma experience, epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), and shortened DNA methylation-based telomere length in AUD. Together, MS stress and MS alcohol additively showed strong stepwise increases in EAA. Replication analyses showed robust association between MS stress and EAA in the Generation Scotland and Grady Trauma Project cohorts. CONCLUSIONS A methylation-derived score tracking stress exposure is associated with various stress-related phenotypes and EAA. Stress and alcohol have additive effects on aging, offering new insights into the pathophysiology of premature aging in AUD and, potentially, other aspects of gene dysregulation in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joyce Yoo
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew S Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Sun
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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11
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Miri S, Yeo J, Abubaker S, Hammami R. Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1098412. [PMID: 36733917 PMCID: PMC9886687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host's absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - JuDong Yeo
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Abubaker
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Comparing the Relationships of Genetically Proxied PCSK9 Inhibition With Mood Disorders, Cognition, and Dementia Between Men and Women: A Drug‐Target Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026122. [DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors are important therapeutic options for reducing cardiovascular disease risk; however, questions remain regarding potential differences in the neuropsychiatric impact of long‐term PCSK9 inhibition between men and women.
Methods and Results
Using PCSK9 gene single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from European ancestry–based genome‐wide association studies of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (N=1 320 016), circulating PCSK9 protein levels (N=10 186), tissue‐specific PCSK9 gene expression, sex‐specific genome‐wide association studies of anxiety, depression, cognition, insomnia, and dementia (ranging from 54 321 to 194 174), we used drug‐target inverse variance–weighted Mendelian randomization (MR) and complementary MR methods (MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode) to investigate potential neuropsychiatric consequences of genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition in men and women. We failed to find evidence surpassing correction for multiple comparisons of relationships between genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition and the risk for the 12 neuropsychiatric end points in either men or women. Drug‐target analyses were generally well‐powered to detect effect estimates at several hypothesized thresholds for both combined‐sex and sex‐specific end points, especially analyses using PCSK9 instruments derived from protein and expression quantitative trait loci. Further, MR estimates across complementary MR methods and additional models using genetic instruments derived from circulating PCSK9 protein levels and tissue‐specific
PCSK9
expression were in alignment, strengthening causal inference.
Conclusions
Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition showed a neutral neuropsychiatric side effect profile with no major sex‐specific differences. Given statistical power considerations, replication with larger samples, as well as data from other ancestral populations, are necessary. These findings may have important clinical implications for lipid‐lowering drug‐prescribing practices and side effect monitoring of approved and future PCSK9 therapies.
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13
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Blood Chromium Levels and Their Association with Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, and Depression: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132687. [PMID: 35807870 PMCID: PMC9268404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no global consensus about the essentiality of dietary chromium. To provide evidence to this debate, an examination of blood chromium levels and common chronic health conditions was undertaken. Using a subsample from the 2015−2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2894; 40 years+), chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine blood chromium levels (0.7−28.0 vs. <0.7 µg/L) and their associations with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs; self-report), diabetes mellitus (DM; glycohemoglobin ≥5.7%), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5), while controlling for socio-demographic (age/sex/income/education/relationship status) and health-related (red blood cell folate/medications/co-morbidities/body mass index (BMI)/substance use) factors. The sample was almost evenly distributed between men and women (n = 1391, 48.1% (men); n = 1503, 51.9% (women)). The prevalence estimates of low blood chromium levels tended to be higher among those with CVDs (47.4−47.6%) and DM (50.0−51.6%). Comparisons between those with low vs. normal blood chromium levels indicate men have increased odds of CVDs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22−2.85, p < 0.001) and DM (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.32−2.83, p < 0.001) and lower odds of depression (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22−0.77, p < 0.05). Dietary chromium may be important in the prevention and management of CVDs and DM for men. Continued exploration of chromium’s role in chronic diseases, including differences by biological factors, is needed.
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14
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Lohoff FW. Targeting Unmet Clinical Needs in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:767506. [PMID: 35757224 PMCID: PMC9218222 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.767506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by impaired control over drinking behavior that poses a significant challenge to the individual, their community, the healthcare system and economy. While the negative consequences of chronic excessive alcohol consumption are well-documented, effective treatment for AUD and alcohol-associated diseases remains challenging. Cognitive and behavioral treatment, with or without pharmaceutical interventions, remain the most commonly used methods; however, their efficacy is limited. The development of new treatment protocols for AUD is challenged by difficulty in accurately measuring patterns of alcohol consumption in AUD patients, a lack of a clear understanding of the neuropsychological basis of the disorder, the high likelihood of AUD patients relapsing after receiving treatment, and the numerous end-organ comorbidities associated with excessive alcohol use. Identification and prediction of patients who may respond well to a certain treatment mechanism as well as clinical measurement of a patient's alcohol exposure are bottlenecks in AUD research which should be further addressed. In addition, greater focus must be placed on the development of novel strategies of drug design aimed at targeting the integrated neural pathways implicated in AUD pathogenesis, so that next-generation AUD treatment protocols can address the broad and systemic effects of AUD and its comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Pirazzini M, Montecucco C, Rossetto O. Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1521-1539. [PMID: 35333944 PMCID: PMC9095541 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins cause the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus and botulism, respectively, by delivering inside different types of neurons, metalloproteases specifically cleaving the SNARE proteins that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. Research on their mechanism of action is intensively carried out in order to devise improved therapies based on antibodies and chemical drugs. Recently, major results have been obtained with human monoclonal antibodies and with single chain antibodies that have allowed one to neutralize the metalloprotease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A1 inside neurons. In addition, a method has been devised to induce a rapid molecular evolution of the metalloprotease domain of botulinum neurotoxin followed by selection driven to re-target the metalloprotease activity versus novel targets with respect to the SNARE proteins. At the same time, an intense and wide spectrum clinical research on novel therapeutics based on botulinum neurotoxins is carried out, which are also reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, CIR-Myo, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ornella Rossetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, CIR-Myo, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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16
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Fakhfouri G, Rahimian R. Editorial: Role of serotonergic system in pathology of major depressive disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:974388. [PMID: 35911232 PMCID: PMC9335148 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.974388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
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17
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Chen Y, Xu J, Chen Y. Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062099. [PMID: 34205336 PMCID: PMC8234057 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic, peripheral immune, and central nervous systems via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it is not well understood how the gut microbiome and neurons in the brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect normal brain functioning and cognition. We summarize the mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota regulate the production, transportation, and functioning of neurotransmitters. We also discuss how microbiome dysbiosis affects cognitive function, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinying Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-26925498
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18
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Effects of polygenic risk score, childhood trauma and resilience on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in a three-year cohort study. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:627-636. [PMID: 33445085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a method of revealing multiple genes effect. The study of PRS and childhood trauma (CT) and resilience on adolescent depressive symptoms are fewer reported, especially the functional mechanism of resilience among them. METHODS 718 Chinese adolescents aged 10-14 years were surveyed including CT, resilience, depressive symptoms, and phenotype data in three years of the cohort study. PRS was calculated by the weighted accumulation effects of alleles on depressive symptoms. Their relationships were analyzed by the mediation and moderation models. RESULTS PRS and CT were risk factors for depressive symptoms. Interaction (PRS × CT) on depressive symptoms had no statistical significance. Resilience acted as the protective mediator from CT (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect) to depressive symptoms and moderator from CT (emotional abuse) to depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The sample size was a little small so that the inference were drawn prudently. Except gene data, other were collected by self-reported questionnaire instruments which inevitably brought recall bias. CONCLUSIONS PRS and CT could have adverse impact on depressive symptoms, resilience could alleviate these risk effects as a moderator and a mediator. The findings have important implications for prevention and intervention in adolescent depressive symptoms.
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19
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A functional polymorphism in the ATP-Binding Cassette B1 transporter predicts pharmacologic response to combination of nortriptyline and morphine in neuropathic pain patients. Pain 2021; 161:619-629. [PMID: 31738228 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many genetic markers have been associated with variations in treatment response to analgesics, but none have been assessed in the context of combination therapies. In this study, the treatment effects of nortriptyline and morphine were tested for an association with genetic markers relevant to pain pathways. Treatment effects were determined for single and combination therapies. A total of 24 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms were tested within the gene loci of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene locus, ATP-Binding Cassette B1 Transporter (ABCB1), Cytochrome P450 gene family (CYP2C19 and CYP2D6), catecholamine inactivator Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT), and serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A). Genotyping was performed in a population of neuropathic pain patients who previously participated in a clinical trial. For monotherapy, neither nortriptyline nor morphine responses were associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, for nortriptyline + morphine combination therapy, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1045642 within the drug efflux pump ABCB1 transporter significantly predicted analgesic response. The presence of the C allele accounted for 51% of pain variance in this subgroup in response to combination treatment. The T-allele homozygotes demonstrated only 20% improvement in pain scores, whereas the C-allele homozygotes 88%. There was no significant contribution of rs1045642 to the medication side effects under all treatment conditions. The UK Biobank data set was then used to validate this genetic association. Here, patients receiving similar combination therapy (opioid + tricyclic antidepressant) carrying the C allele of rs1045642 displayed 33% fewer body pain sites than patients without that allele, suggesting better pain control. In all, our results show a robust effect of the rs1045642 polymorphism in response to chronic pain treatment with a nortriptyline + morphine combination.
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20
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Du Y, Wei J, Zhang Z, Yang X, Wang M, Wang Y, Qi X, Zhao L, Tian Y, Guo W, Wang Q, Deng W, Li M, Lin D, Li T, Ma X. Plasma Metabolomics Profiling of Metabolic Pathways Affected by Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644555. [PMID: 34646171 PMCID: PMC8502978 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disease which is complicated by metabolic disorder. Although MDD has been studied relatively intensively, its metabolism is yet to be elucidated. Methods: To profile the global pathophysiological processes of MDD patients, we used metabolomics to identify differential metabolites and applied a new database Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) to discover dysfunctions of metabolic pathways of this disease. Hydrophilic metabolomics were applied to identify metabolites by profiling the plasma from 55 MDD patients and 100 sex-, gender-, BMI-matched healthy controls. The metabolites were then analyzed in MSEA in an attempt to discover different metabolic pathways. To investigate dysregulated pathways, we further divided MDD patients into two cohorts: (1) MDD patients with anxiety symptoms and (2) MDD patients without anxiety symptoms. Results: Metabolites which were hit in those pathways correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Altogether, 17 metabolic pathways were enriched in MDD patients, and 23 metabolites were hit in those pathways. Three metabolic pathways were enriched in MDD patients without anxiety, including glycine and serine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. In addition, L-glutamic acid was positively correlated with the severity of depression and retardation if hit in MDD patients without anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Different kinds of metabolic pathophysiological processes were found in MDD patients. Disorder of glycine and serine metabolism was observed in both MDD patients with anxiety and those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxue Wei
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiongwei Qi
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minli Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongtao Lin
- College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Lohoff FW. Pharmacotherapies and personalized medicine for alcohol use disorder: a review. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1117-1138. [PMID: 32807012 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Pharmacotherapies for AUD are limited, thus making identification of patient subgroups that are most likely to respond favorably crucial. In this article, pharmacogenetic research on US FDA-approved and commonly prescribed off-label medications for the treatment of AUD is comprehensively reviewed. While the field has advanced in understanding pharmacotherapies for AUD and potential genetic moderators of treatment responses, the pharmacogenetic data to guide the prescribing clinician are limited and should be interpreted with caution. Precision medicine for AUD with more beneficial treatment responses and minimal side effects remains a high priority for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics & Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
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22
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McGowan OO. Pharmacogenetics of anxiety disorders. Neurosci Lett 2020; 726:134443. [PMID: 31442515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are common and disabling conditions the treatment of which remains a challenge. While different groups of medication are available for their treatment, a substantial proportion of patients remain refractory to pharmacotherapy. The reason for this variation in the individual response to treatment has yet to be understood; however genetic factors have been shown to play an important role. Up to now there have been limited publications about pharmacogenetics of anxiety disorders, compared to studies in depression. Published studies are focused on pharmacogenetics of antidepressants rather than being disease specific. This review summarizes pharmacogenetic findings related to the anxiolytic treatment response and their possible functional mechanisms. This inevitably focuses on genes involved in the pharmacodynamics of the medications used, along with some genes implicated in the disease process, as well as briefly mentioning genetic factors associated with psychotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O McGowan
- Leverndale Hospital, 510 Crookston Road, Glasgow G53 7TU, UK.
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23
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Williams JL, Everett JM, D'Cunha NM, Sergi D, Georgousopoulou EN, Keegan RJ, McKune AJ, Mellor DD, Anstice N, Naumovski N. The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:12-23. [PMID: 31758301 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The green tea amino acid, L-theanine (L-THE) is associated with several health benefits, including improvements in mood, cognition and a reduction of stress and anxiety-like symptoms. This systematic review evaluated the effect of pure L-THE intake, in the form of orally administered nutritional supplements, on stress responses and anxiety levels in human randomised controlled trials. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, 9 peer-reviewed journal articles were identified where L-THE as a supplement was compared to a control. Our findings suggest that supplementation of 200-400 mg/day of L-THE may assist in the reduction of stress and anxiety in people exposed to stressful conditions. Despite this finding, longer-term and larger cohort clinical studies, including those where L-THE is incorporated into the diet regularly, are needed to clinically justify the use of L-THE as a therapeutic agent to reduce stress and anxiety in people exposed to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson L Williams
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Julian M Everett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition & Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2605, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Richard J Keegan
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Nicola Anstice
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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24
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Draganov M, Arranz MJ, Salazar J, de Diego-Adeliño J, Gallego-Fabrega C, Jubero M, Carceller-Sindreu M, Portella MJ. Association study of polymorphisms within inflammatory genes and methylation status in treatment response in major depression. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 60:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Although pharmacogenetics for major depressive disorder (MDD) is gaining momentum, the role of genetics in differences in response to antidepressant treatment is controversial, as they depend on multifactorial and polygenic phenotypes. Previous studies focused on the genes of the serotonergic system, leaving apart other pathological factors such as the inflammatory pathway. The main objective of the study was to assess whether treatment response might be associated with specific inflammation-related genetic variants or their methylation status.Methods:41 SNPs in 8 inflammatory genes: interleukin (IL) 1-β, IL2, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were genotyped in 153 patients with MDD, who were evaluated with the Mausdley Staging Method to determine treatment response profiles. Pyrosequencing reactions and methylation quantification were performed in a PyroMark Q24 in 5 selected CpG islands of IL1- β, IL6 and IL6R. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted, including age and gender as covariates using PLINK 1.07.Results:Allelic distribution of IL1- β rs1143643 was significantly associated with MSM scores (FDR corrected p = 0.04). Allelic distribution of IL6R rs57569414 showed a trend towards significance with MSM scores (p = 0.002; FDR corrected p = 0.07). Haplotype analyses showed associations between allelic combinations of IL1-β and IL10 with treatment response (FDR corrected p < 0.01). Methylation percentage of treatment responders was only higher in an IL6R CpG island (p < 0.05).Conclusions:These exploratory findings suggest that IL1-β and, marginally, IL6R polymorphisms may affect treatment response in major depression. If confirmed, these results may account for the heterogeneous phenotypes of major depression that underlie differences in treatment response.
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25
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Sjögren M, Nielsen ASM, Hasselbalch KC, Wøllo M, Hansen JS. A systematic review of blood-based serotonergic biomarkers in Bulimia Nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:155-171. [PMID: 30878305 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is a serious eating disorder, which affects 0.8-2.9% of the young population. The etiology is unknown and biomarkers would support in understanding the pathophysiology of BN, and in identifying BN patients that may benefit from medical treatment. This systematic review aims to answer whether (a) BN deviate from healthy controls in terms of serotonin (5-HT) biomarkers in blood, and whether (b) blood-based 5-HT biomarkers could be used to tailor psychopharmacological treatment in BN. A literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase was done using the following search terms: "Bulimia Nervosa" AND "serotonin" AND "blood" OR "plasma" OR "serum". 32 studies were included in this systematic review. Several biomarkers and challenge tests were identified and all studies described an association with BN and dysregulation of the 5-HT system compared to healthy controls. Several studies pointed to an association also to borderline symptoms in BN. BN deviate from healthy controls in terms of 5-HT biomarkers in blood supporting an abnormal 5-HT system in BN. 5-HT biomarkers and associated methods could be used to tailor treatment in BN although as yet, most tests described are unpractical for bedside use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Sjögren
- Mental Health Center Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Maria Wøllo
- Mental Health Center Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
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26
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Sartori SB, Singewald N. Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107402. [PMID: 31470029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current medication for anxiety disorders is suboptimal in terms of efficiency and tolerability, highlighting the need for improved drug treatments. In this review an overview of drugs being studied in different phases of clinical trials for their potential in the treatment of fear-, anxiety- and trauma-related disorders is presented. One strategy followed in drug development is refining and improving compounds interacting with existing anxiolytic drug targets, such as serotonergic and prototypical GABAergic benzodiazepines. A more innovative approach involves the search for compounds with novel mechanisms of anxiolytic action using the growing knowledge base concerning the relevant neurocircuitries and neurobiological mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. The target systems evaluated in clinical trials include glutamate, endocannabinoid and neuropeptide systems, as well as ion channels and targets derived from phytochemicals. Examples of promising novel candidates currently in clinical development for generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder include ketamine, riluzole, xenon with one common pharmacological action of modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, as well as the neurosteroid aloradine. Finally, compounds such as D-cycloserine, MDMA, L-DOPA and cannabinoids have shown efficacy in enhancing fear-extinction learning in humans. They are thus investigated in clinical trials as an augmentative strategy for speeding up and enhancing the long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy, which could render chronic anxiolytic drug treatment dispensable for many patients. These efforts are indicative of a rekindled interest and renewed optimism in the anxiety drug discovery field, after decades of relative stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Sartori
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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27
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Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:3420548. [PMID: 31178907 PMCID: PMC6501140 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3420548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder with a complex, undefined mechanism. Clustering of patients with FD in families highlights the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of FD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the associations between specific gene polymorphisms and FD susceptibility. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and HuGE database were searched. An additive model was adopted to determine whether previous studied genes are associated with FD susceptibility. Carriers of minor allele in GNB3 825C>T (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.99-1.34, P = 0.07), SCL6A4 5HTTLPR (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.75-1.12, P = 0.40), and CCK-1R 779T>C (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.72-1.03, P = 0.09) genes failed to demonstrate susceptibility to FD. In a subgroup analysis, only minor allele (T) in GNB3 825C>T was associated with an increased susceptibility to the epigastric pain syndrome subtype (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63, P = 0.003). Our meta-analysis based on available studies using an additive model failed to show that GNB3, SCL6A4, and CCK-1R polymorphisms are associated with FD susceptibility.
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28
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Cai Y, Wang L, Nalvarte I, Xiao R, Li X, Fan X. Citalopram attenuates social behavior deficits in the BTBR T +Itpr3 tf/J mouse model of autism. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:75-85. [PMID: 31047973 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed by two core symptoms: impaired social communication and the presence of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors and/or restricted interests. Alterations in serotonergic signaling are involved in the genesis of ASD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to reduce repetitive behaviors and rescue social deficits in ASD mouse models and patients. In the present study, we examined the potential of citalopram (a representative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) on sociability and repetitive behaviors in the BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of ASD. We found that the deficits of sociability in the BTBR mice were reversed by a 20 mg/kg dose of citalopram treatment without any adverse effects on locomotor activity or anxiety level. In addition, both high (20 mg/kg) and low (10 mg/kg) doses decreased the repetitive behavior of marble burying but did not affect self-grooming behavior. Furthermore, both doses were shown to have antidepressant-like activity in both the B6 and the BTBR mice in the tail suspension test. Taken together, these findings further demonstrate that citalopram can alleviate behavioral abnormalities in the BTBR autism model and lend support to the hypothesis that SSRIs may be potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of behavioral dysfunctions in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Cai
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet Hälsovägen 7C, Neo, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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29
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Saeedi S, Israel S, Nagy C, Turecki G. The emerging role of exosomes in mental disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:122. [PMID: 30923321 PMCID: PMC6438960 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, which are released by cells and are accessible in biofluids, such as saliva, urine, and plasma. These vesicles are enriched with small RNA, and they play a role in many physiological processes. In the brain, they are involved in processes including synaptic plasticity, neuronal stress response, cell-to-cell communication and neurogenesis. While exosomes have been implicated previously in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, research regarding their role in mental disorders remains scarce. Given their functional significance in the brain, investigation in this field is warranted. Additionally, because exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, they may serve as accessible biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Studying exosomes may provide information towards diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, and specifically those derived from the brain may provide a mechanistic view of the disease phenotype. This review will discuss the roles of exosomes in the brain, and relate novel findings to current insights into mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumeh Saeedi
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bMcGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Sonia Israel
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bMcGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bMcGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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30
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Sun L, Zhang C, Xue C, Liu C, Wang Y, Chen L, Deng Y, Huang J, Zhai H. Anxiolytic effect of a novel 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, juncuenin H, is associated with metabolic changes in cortical serotonin/dopamine levels in mice. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:165-171. [PMID: 30825572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two novel phenanthrenoids, juncuenin H (1) and dijuncuenin B (2), together with eight known phenanthrenoids, effusol (3), dehydroeffusol (4), juncusol (5), dehydrojuncusol (6), juncuenin B (7), dehydrojuncuenin B (8), juncuenin A (9), and dehydrojuncuenin A (10), were isolated from the underground parts of Juncus setchuenensis. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. The anxiolytic activities of compounds 1, 6, 9, and 10 were evaluated. In order to explore the mechanisms underlying their anxiolytic activities, the levels of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and their metabolites in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice treated with compound 1 were determined by quantitative mass spectrometry. The mice treated with compound 1 had significantly lower levels of 5-HT, 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the cerebral cortex than those of the vehicle control-treated mice. The levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus were also significantly lower in the mice treated with compound 1 than in the control group mice. These results suggest that the metabolic changes, reflected in the levels of DA and/or 5-HT, may contribute to the anxiolytic activity of the phenanthrenoids studied herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chanxi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chen Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069,China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xing Tai Medical College, Xingtai 054000,China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38(#), Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38(#), Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhai
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38(#), Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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31
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HTR1A and HTR2A variants may not predict venlafaxine treatment response in China Han population with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:1179-1180. [PMID: 30366640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Gassó P, Blázquez A, Rodríguez N, Boloc D, Torres T, Mas S, Lafuente A, Lázaro L. Further Support for the Involvement of Genetic Variants Related to the Serotonergic Pathway in the Antidepressant Response in Children and Adolescents After a 12-Month Follow-Up: Impact of the HTR2A rs7997012 Polymorphism. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018; 28:711-718. [PMID: 29975559 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Fluoxetine is an effective and well-tolerated pharmacological treatment for children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a high percentage of patients do not respond. There is a substantial genetic contribution to this variable clinical outcome. Based on previous genetic results of our group and given the lack of pharmacogenetics studies of antidepressant response with a long follow-up period, we evaluated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the serotonergic pathway on remission and recovery in children and adolescents diagnosed with MDD after 12 months of initiating fluoxetine treatment. Methods: The assessment was performed in 46 patients. All of them were visited at least once a month during the 12-month follow-up. Psychiatrists interviewed patients and their parents to explore clinical improvement. A total of 75 genotyped SNPs in 10 candidate genes were included in the genetic association analysis with remission and recovery. Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied to avoid false positive results. Results: The HTR2A rs7997012 SNP was significantly associated after Bonferroni correction with clinical improvement. Particularly, the homozygotes for the major allele (GG) showed the highest percentage of remitters and the highest score reductions on the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale. Moreover, although the results were on the border of statistical significance, the GG homozygotes also tended to experience fewer readmissions during the follow-up period Conclusions: These results provide more evidence of the involvement of genetic variants related to the serotonergic pathway in the antidepressant response. Studies with larger cohorts are needed to integrate all relevant variants into clinical predictors of antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gassó
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Blázquez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Boloc
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Torres
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amalia Lafuente
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Pan JX, Xia JJ, Deng FL, Liang WW, Wu J, Yin BM, Dong MX, Chen JJ, Ye F, Wang HY, Zheng P, Xie P. Diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on changes in multiple plasma neurotransmitters: a targeted metabolomics study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:130. [PMID: 29991685 PMCID: PMC6039504 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness. However, there is currently no objective laboratory-based diagnostic tests for this disorder. Although, perturbations in multiple neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in MDD, the biochemical changes underlying the disorder remain unclear, and a comprehensive global evaluation of neurotransmitters in MDD has not yet been performed. Here, using a GC-MS coupled with LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics approach, we simultaneously quantified the levels of 19 plasma metabolites involved in GABAergic, catecholaminergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems in 50 first-episode, antidepressant drug-naïve MDD subjects and 50 healthy controls to identify potential metabolite biomarkers for MDD (training set). Moreover, an independent sample cohort comprising 49 MDD patients, 30 bipolar disorder (BD) patients and 40 healthy controls (testing set) was further used to validate diagnostic generalizability and specificity of these candidate biomarkers. Among the 19 plasma neurotransmitter metabolites examined, nine were significantly changed in MDD subjects. These metabolites were mainly involved in GABAergic, catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems. The GABAergic and catecholaminergic had better diagnostic value than serotonergic pathway. A panel of four candidate plasma metabolite biomarkers (GABA, dopamine, tyramine, kynurenine) could distinguish MDD subjects from health controls with an AUC of 0.968 and 0.953 in the training and testing set, respectively. Furthermore, this panel distinguished MDD subjects from BD subjects with high accuracy. This study is the first to globally evaluate multiple neurotransmitters in MDD plasma. The altered plasma neurotransmitter metabolite profile has potential differential diagnostic value for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xi Pan
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402460 China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jin-Jun Xia
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402460 China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Feng-Li Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wei-Wei Liang
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402460 China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jing Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Bang-Min Yin
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402460 China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Mei-Xue Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Fei Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Modulation of Kalirin-7 expression by hippocampal CA1 5-HT 1B receptors in spatial memory consolidation. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:148-155. [PMID: 29949735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1BRs) are distributed in hippocampal CA1 and play a pivotal role in cognitive function. Activation of 5-HT1BRs regulates synaptic plasticity at the excitatory synapses in the hippocampus. However, the role and its underlying mechanism of 5-HT1BR activation-mediated glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in spatial memory are not fully understood. In this study, spatial memory of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was assessed in a Morris water maze after bilateral dorsal hippocampal CA1 infusion of the 5-HT1BR antagonist GR55562 (25 μg/μL) or agonist CP93129 (25 μg/μL). GR55562 did not affect the spatial memory acquisition but significantly increased the target quadrant preference during the memory consolidation probe performed 14 d after the training session, while CP93129 impaired the memory consolidation process. Moreover, GR55562 significantly increased, while CP93129 significantly decreased, the density of dendritic spines on the distal apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, western blot experiments indicated that GR55562 significantly increased, but CP93129 significantly reduced, the expression of Kalirin-7 (Kal-7), PSD95, and GluA2/3 subunits of AMPA receptors. Our results suggest that Kal-7 and Kal-7-mediatedalteration of AMPA receptor subtype expression may play crucial roles in the impact of hippocampal CA1 5-HT1BR activation on spatial memory consolidation.
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Tang L, Li J, Luo H, Bao M, Xiang J, Chen Y, Wang Y. The association of 5HT2A and 5HTTLPR polymorphisms with Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis with 6945 subjects. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15077-15089. [PMID: 29599928 PMCID: PMC5871099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Relationships of 5HT2A and 5HTTLPR polymorphisms and AD risk have been widely investigated previously, whereas results derived from these studies were inconclusive and controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the 5-HT2A and 5HTTLPR polymorphisms and AD using a meta-analysis of existing literatures. Studies were collected using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Embase. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess associations. As a result, a total of 7 publications for 5-HT2A T102C and 16 publications for 5HTTLPR (L/S) comprised 3255 cases and 3690 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Significant association was covered between allelic and recessive models of 5-HT2A T102C and AD (allelic model: p = 0.003, OR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.07, 1.40]; recessive model: p = 0.03, OR [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.02, 1.59]). Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analysis for 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism based on ethnicities and APOE ε4, and identified a significantly increased risk for the allelic and dominant models of 5-HT2A T102C and AD in Asian subgroup (allelic model: p = 0.002, OR [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.14, 1.78]; dominant model: p = 0.02, OR [95% CI] = 1.60 [1.09, 2.35]) and subgroup without APOE ε4 (allelic model: p = 0.02, OR [95% CI] = 1.44 [1.05, 1.99]; dominant model: p = 0.0008, OR [95% CI] = 2.49 [1.46, 4.25]). Nevertheless, the pooled analyses suggested no significant association between allelic, dominant, and recessive models of 5HTTLPR (L/S) and AD (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrates that 5HT2A C10T, but not 5HTTLPR (L/S), might increase risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ju Xiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
- Experiment Center for Function, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
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Lafuente JV, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Ozkizilcik A, Tian ZR, Patnaik R, Sharma HS. Repeated Forced Swim Exacerbates Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity: Neuroprotective Effects of Nanowired Delivery of 5-HT3-Receptor Antagonist Ondansetron. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:322-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Association of regulatory TPH2 polymorphisms with higher reduction in depressive symptoms in children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:236-240. [PMID: 28456685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability related to the brain serotonergic system has a significant impact on both the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), and the response to antidepressant drugs, such as fluoxetine. TPH2 is one of the most important serotonergic candidate genes in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) pharmacogenetic studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of regulatory polymorphisms that are specifically located in human TPH2 transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), and therefore could be functional by altering gene expression, on clinical improvement in children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine. The selection of SNPs was also based on their linkage disequilibrium with TPH2 rs4570625, a genetic variant with questionable functionality, which was previously associated with clinical response in our pediatric population. A total of 83 children and adolescents were clinically evaluated 12weeks after initiating antidepressant treatment with fluoxetine for the first time. Clinical improvement was assessed by reductions in depressive symptoms measured using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scale. The polymorphisms rs11179002, rs60032326 and rs34517220 were, for the first time in the literature, significantly associated with higher clinical improvement. The strongest association was found for rs34517220. In particular, minor allele homozygotes showed higher score reductions on the CDI scale compared with the major allele carriers. Interestingly, this polymorphism is located in a human TPH2 TFBS for two relevant transcription factors in the serotoninergic neurons, Foxa1 and Foxa2, which together with the high level of significance found for this SNP, could indicate that rs34517220 is in fact the crucial functional genetic variant related to the fluoxetine response. These results provide new evidence for the role of regulatory genetic variants that could modulate human TPH2 expression in the SSRI antidepressant response.
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Pirazzini M, Rossetto O, Eleopra R, Montecucco C. Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:200-235. [PMID: 28356439 PMCID: PMC5394922 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects.
Novel BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their
biologic and pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. The molecular
structure of the large protein complexes that the toxin forms with accessory
proteins, which are included in some BoNT type A1 and B1 pharmacological
preparations, have been determined. By far the largest effort has been dedicated to
the testing and validation of BoNTs as therapeutic agents in an ever increasing
number of applications, including pain therapy. BoNT type A1 has been also exploited
in a variety of cosmetic treatments, alone or in combination with other agents, and
this specific market has reached the size of the one dedicated to the treatment of
medical syndromes. The pharmacological properties and mode of action of BoNTs have
shed light on general principles of neuronal transport and protein-protein
interactions and are stimulating basic science studies. Moreover, the wide array of
BoNTs discovered and to be discovered and the production of recombinant BoNTs endowed
with specific properties suggest novel uses in therapeutics with increasing
disease/symptom specifity. These recent developments are reviewed here to provide an
updated picture of the biologic mechanism of action of BoNTs, of their increasing use
in pharmacology and in cosmetics, and of their toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Ornella Rossetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (M.P., O.R., C.M.); Neurologic Department, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (R.E.); and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy (C.M.)
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39
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Hsu WT, Hsu CC, Wen MH, Lin HC, Tsai HT, Su P, Sun CT, Lin CL, Hsu CY, Chang KH, Hsu YC. Increased risk of depression in patients with acquired sensory hearing loss: A 12-year follow-up study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5312. [PMID: 27858911 PMCID: PMC5591159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired sensory hearing loss (SHL) is suggested to be associated with depression. However, some studies have reported conflicting results. Our study investigated the relationship between the prevalence of SHL and the incidence of depression over 12 years of follow-up by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We sought to determine the association between SHL and subsequent development of depression and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the association.Patients with SHL were identified from the NHIRD (SHL cohort). A non-SHL cohort, comprising patients without SHL frequency-matched with the SHL patients according to age group, sex, and the year of diagnosis of SHL at the ratio of 1:4, was constructed, and the incidence of depression was evaluated in both cohorts. A multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity.The SHL cohort and non-SHL cohort comprised 5043 patients with SHL and 20,172 patients without SHL, respectively. The incidences density rates were 9.50 and 4.78 per 1000 person-years in the SHL cohort and non-SHL cohort, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities, the risk of depression was higher in the SHL cohort than in the non-SHL cohort (hazard ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.49-2.00).Acquired SHL may increase the risk of subsequent depression. The results demonstrated that SHL was an independent risk factor regardless of sex, age, and comorbidities. Moreover, a strong association between hearing loss and subsequent depression among Taiwanese adults of all ages, particularly those aged ≤49 and >65 years and without using steroids for the treatment of SHL was observed. Prospective clinical and biomedical studies on the relationship between hearing loss and depression are warranted for determining the etiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ming-Hsun Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Hong-Ching Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College
| | - Hsun-Tien Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Peijen Su
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chi-Te Sun
- Fu Jen Catholic University Graduate Institution of Business Administration
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Chung-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Center College of Medicine
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung
- Correspondence: Yi-Chao Hsu, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan (e-mail: ); Kuang-Hsi Chang, Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Yi-Chao Hsu, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan (e-mail: ); Kuang-Hsi Chang, Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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40
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Huber TD, Wang F, Singh S, Johnson BR, Zhang J, Sunkara M, Van Lanen SG, Morris AJ, Phillips GN, Thorson JS. Functional AdoMet Isosteres Resistant to Classical AdoMet Degradation Pathways. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2484-91. [PMID: 27351335 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) is an essential enzyme cosubstrate in fundamental biology with an expanding range of biocatalytic and therapeutic applications. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of stable, functional AdoMet isosteres that are resistant to the primary contributors to AdoMet degradation (depurination, intramolecular cyclization, and sulfonium epimerization). Corresponding biochemical and structural studies demonstrate the AdoMet surrogates to serve as competent enzyme cosubstrates and to bind a prototypical class I model methyltransferase (DnrK) in a manner nearly identical to AdoMet. Given this conservation in function and molecular recognition, the isosteres presented are anticipated to serve as useful surrogates in other AdoMet-dependent processes and may also be resistant to, and/or potentially even inhibit, other therapeutically relevant AdoMet-dependent metabolic transformations (such as the validated drug target AdoMet decarboxylase). This work also highlights the ability of the prototypical class I model methyltransferase DnrK to accept non-native surrogate acceptors as an enabling feature of a new high-throughput methyltransferase assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Huber
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Shanteri Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Brooke R. Johnson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 1000 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 1000 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Space Science 201, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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Noordam R, Avery CL, Visser LE, Stricker BH. Identifying genetic loci affecting antidepressant drug response in depression using drug-gene interaction models. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1029-40. [PMID: 27248517 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants are often only moderately successful in decreasing the severity of depressive symptoms. In part, antidepressant treatment response in patients with depression is genetically determined. However, although a large number of studies have been conducted aiming to identify genetic variants associated with antidepressant drug response in depression, only a few variants have been repeatedly identified. Within the present review, we will discuss the methodological challenges and limitations of the studies that have been conducted on this topic to date (e.g., 'treated-only design', statistical power) and we will discuss how specifically drug-gene interaction models can be used to be better able to identify genetic variants associated with antidepressant drug response in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Loes E Visser
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Apotheek Haagse Ziekenhuizen - HAGA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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42
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Baumbauer KM, Young EE, Starkweather AR, Guite JW, Russell BS, Manworren RCB. Managing Chronic Pain in Special Populations with Emphasis on Pediatric, Geriatric, and Drug Abuser Populations. Med Clin North Am 2016; 100:183-97. [PMID: 26614727 PMCID: PMC4766002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the adult population chronic pain can lead to loss of productivity and earning potential, and decreased quality of life. There are distinct groups with increased vulnerability for the emergence of chronic pain. These groups may be defined by developmental status and/or life circumstances. Within the pediatric, geriatric, and drug abuser populations, chronic pain represents a significant health issue. This article focuses on known anatomic, physiologic, and genetic mechanisms underlying chronic pain in these populations, and highlights the need for a multimodal approach from multiple health care professionals for management of chronic pain in those with the most risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Baumbauer
- School of Nursing, The Center for Advancing Management of Pain, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4026, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Ave, CT 06030, USA
| | - Erin E Young
- School of Nursing, The Center for Advancing Management of Pain, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4026, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Ave, CT 06030, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Angela R Starkweather
- School of Nursing, The Center for Advancing Management of Pain, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4026, USA
| | - Jessica W Guite
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 236 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Children's Center for Community Research (C3R), 12 Charter Oak Place, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Pediatric Psychology, Hartford Hospital/The Institute of Living, 100 Retreat, Suite 515, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Beth S Russell
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut, 368 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269-1058, USA
| | - Renee C B Manworren
- School of Nursing, The Center for Advancing Management of Pain, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4026, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 236 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
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Pharmacogenetics of alcohol use disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:121-9. [PMID: 26455758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent a significant health burden worldwide. Currently, there are three medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AUDs, and other drugs are being prescribed off-label for this purpose. However, response rates for pharmacologic treatment are low, and extant research suggests that treatment effects may partially depend on genetic factors. Personalized medicine, or using a patient's genetics and/or personal history to determine efficacy of treatment prior to prescription, is an emerging tool that will help clinicians treat their patients more effectively and safely. This review systematically discusses current findings from AUD pharmacotherapy trials examining disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, the injectable naltrexone, and topiramate. Furthermore, it presents pharmacogenetics findings associated with these medications in an attempt to further the field of personalized medicine. Research from trials examining AUDs and comorbid major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders is also presented, and pharmacogenetic findings for these treatments are discussed. Lastly, the authors comment on the present and future states of the field of personalized medicine for AUD.
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Hsu CC, Hsu YC, Chen HJ, Lin CC, Chang KH, Lee CY, Chong LW, Kao CH. Association of Periodontitis and Subsequent Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2347. [PMID: 26705230 PMCID: PMC4697996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease associated with multiple physical conditions. Distress and depression are other problems affecting the progression of periodontitis. However, the causal relationship between depression and periodontitis has not been adequately investigated. This aim of this study was to determine the association between periodontitis and the subsequent development of depression.We identified 12,708 patients with newly diagnosed periodontitis from 2000 to 2005 and 50,832 frequency-matched individuals without periodontitis. Both groups were followed until diagnosed with depression, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program, or the end of 2011. The association between periodontitis and depressio was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.The incidence density rate of depression was higher in the periodontitis group than in the nonperiodontitis group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.58-1.89) when adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidity. Cox models revealed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for depression in patients, except for comorbidities of diabetes mellitus (DM), alcohol abuse, and cancer.Periodontitis may increase the risk of subsequent depression and was suggested an independent risk factor regardless of sex, age, and most comorbidities. However, DM, alcohol abuse, and cancer may prevent the development of subsequent depression because of DM treatment, the paradoxical effect of alcohol, and emotional distress to cancer, respectively. Prospective studies on the relationship between periodontitis and depression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Hsu
- From the Department of Psychiatry (C-CH), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (Y-CH), Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City; Management Office for Health Data (H-JC, C-CL), China Medical University Hospital; College of Medicine (H-JC, C-CL), China Medical University; Department of Medical Research (K-HC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; College of Medicine (C-YL), The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University (Yancho Campus); Department of Chinese Medicine (C-YL), E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Internal Medicine (L-WC), Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Center (C-HK), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science (C-HK), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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Silva Júnior EAD, Gomes CADB. Psychiatric comorbidities among adolescents with and without anxiety disorders: a community study. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate, in a community sample of adolescents, the presence of comorbidities in different anxiety disorders. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, initially composed of 2,457 adolescents, aged between 10-17 years old, from public schools of the area covered by the Basic Health Unit of a university hospital. We applied the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) to assess for anxiety disorders. Then, 138 positive cases in the screening were assessed for mental disorders through the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results Patients with anxiety disorders had more association with other anxiety disorders, as well as depression, and enuresis. The most common comorbidity described in our study was between generalized anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder (OR = 4.21, 95% CI 1.88, 9.58). Significant association was observed between other disorders such as enuresis and separation anxiety disorder (OR = 3.81, 95% CI 1.16, 12.49), as well as depression and generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 3.40; 95% CI 1.52, 7.61). Conclusion Our study showed a relevant presence of comorbidities adolescents with anxiety disorders, selected from a community sample, especially regarding other anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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