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Ebrahim N, Kondratyev N, Artyuhov A, Timofeev A, Gurskaya N, Andrianov A, Izrailov R, Volchkov E, Dyuzheva T, Kopantseva E, Kiseleva E, Golimbet V, Dashinimaev E. Human pancreatic islet-derived stromal cells reveal combined features of mesenchymal stromal cells and pancreatic stellate cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:351. [PMID: 39380125 PMCID: PMC11463112 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are recognized for their potential in regenerative medicine, attributed to their multipotent differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory properties. Despite this potential, the classification and detailed characterization of MSCs, especially those derived from specific tissues like the pancreas, remains challenging leading to a proliferation of terminology in the literature. This study aims to address these challenges by providing a thorough characterization of human pancreatic islets-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPD-MSCs). METHODS hPD-MSCs were isolated from donor islets using enzymatic digestion, immortalized through lentiviral transduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Cells were characterized by immunostaining, flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation potential into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Further a transcriptomic analysis was done to compare the gene expression profiles of hPD-MSCs with other mesenchymal cells. RESULTS We show that hPD-MSCs express the classical MSC features, including morphological characteristics, surface markers expression (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD44, and CD106) and the ability to differentiate into both adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles, showing notable similarities between hPD-MSCs and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The study also identified specific genes that distinguish hPD-MSCs from MSCs of other origins, including genes associated with pancreatic function (e.g., ISL1) and neural development (e.g., NPTX1, ZNF804A). A novel gene with an unknown function (ENSG00000286190) was also discovered. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances the understanding of hPD-MSCs, demonstrating their unique characteristics and potential applications in therapeutic strategies. The identification of specific gene expression profiles differentiates hPD-MSCs from other mesenchymal cells and opens new avenues for research into their role in pancreatic function and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ebrahim
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
| | | | - Alexander Artyuhov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Alexei Timofeev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Nadya Gurskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Alexey Andrianov
- Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, 111123
| | - Roman Izrailov
- Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, 111123
| | - Egor Volchkov
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology (D. Rogachev, NMRCPHOI) of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 1, Samory Mashela St, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Tatyana Dyuzheva
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Sklifosovsky Institute for Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Elena Kopantseva
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Ekaterina Kiseleva
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow, Russia, 117246
| | - Vera Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701.
- Institute of Medicine, Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670000.
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Melis S, Trompet D, Chagin AS, Maes C. Skeletal stem and progenitor cells in bone physiology, ageing and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01039-y. [PMID: 39379711 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and related progenitors with osteogenic potential, collectively termed skeletal stem and/or progenitor cells (SSPCs), are crucial for providing osteoblasts for bone formation during homeostatic tissue turnover and fracture repair. Besides mediating normal bone physiology, they also have important roles in various metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis. SSPCs are of tremendous interest because they represent prime future targets for osteoanabolic therapies and bone regenerative medicine. Remarkable progress has been made in characterizing various SSC and SSPC populations in postnatal bone. SSPCs exist in the periosteum and within the bone marrow stroma, including subsets localizing around arteriolar and sinusoidal blood vessels; they can display osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and/or fibroblastic potential, and exert critical haematopoiesis-supportive functions. However, much remains to be clarified. By the current markers, bona fide SSCs are commonly contained within broader SSPC populations characterized by considerable heterogeneity and overlap, whose common versus specific functions in health and disease have not been fully unravelled. Here, we review the present knowledge of the identity, fates and relationships of SSPC populations in the postnatal bone environment, their contributions to bone maintenance, the changes observed upon ageing, and the effect of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Melis
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dana Trompet
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Younesi FS, Hinz B. The Myofibroblast Fate of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Regeneration, Repair, or Despair? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8712. [PMID: 39201399 PMCID: PMC11354465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues of healthy or patient donors to be retransplanted in cell therapies. Because the number of MSCs obtained from biopsies is typically too low for direct clinical application, MSC expansion in cell culture is required. However, ex vivo amplification often reduces the desired MSC regenerative potential and enhances undesired traits, such as activation into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Transiently activated myofibroblasts restore tissue integrity after organ injury by producing and contracting extracellular matrix into scar tissue. In contrast, persistent myofibroblasts cause excessive scarring-called fibrosis-that destroys organ function. In this review, we focus on the relevance and molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast activation upon contact with stiff cell culture plastic or recipient scar tissue, such as hypertrophic scars of large skin burns. We discuss cell mechanoperception mechanisms such as integrins and stretch-activated channels, mechanotransduction through the contractile actin cytoskeleton, and conversion of mechanical signals into transcriptional programs via mechanosensitive co-transcription factors, such as YAP, TAZ, and MRTF. We further elaborate how prolonged mechanical stress can create persistent myofibroblast memory by direct mechanotransduction to the nucleus that can evoke lasting epigenetic modifications at the DNA level, such as histone methylation and acetylation. We conclude by projecting how cell culture mechanics can be modulated to generate MSCs, which epigenetically protected against myofibroblast activation and transport desired regeneration potential to the recipient tissue environment in clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sadat Younesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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4
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Chopra H, Cao C, Alice H, Kak S, Maska B, Tagett R, Sugai J, Garmire L, Kaigler D. Landscape of Differentiation Potentials as a "Hallmark" in Oral-derived MSCs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606413. [PMID: 39211139 PMCID: PMC11360929 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer clinical promise for use in cell therapy approaches for regenerative medicine. A therapeutic challenge is that MSCs from different tissues are phenotypically and functionally distinct. Therefore, this study aims to molecularly characterize oral-derived MSCs by defining one of the three hallmarks of MSCs, differentiation potential, to discern their true molecular identities. Methods Three different populations of oral tissue MSCs (from alveolar bone-aBMSCs; from dental pulp-DPSCs; and from gingiva-GMSCs) from three different patients were isolated and cultured. These MSCs were characterized for their stemness by flow cytometry and multi-differentiation potential, and their RNA was also isolated and analyzed quantitatively with RNA sequencing. Total mRNA-seq was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in pairwise (DPSCs vs. aBMSCs, GMSCs vs. aBMSCs, and GMSCs vs. DPSCs) and tissue-specific comparisons (aBMSCs vs. Others, DPSCs vs. Others, GMSCs vs. Others) (FDR, p<0.05 ). Further, these DEGs, either common between MSC populations or unique to a specific MSC population, were evaluated for pathways and biological processes. Results aBMSCs, DPSCs, and GMSCs were successfully isolated and characterized. The tissue-specific comparison revealed that DEGs were most numerous in DPSCs (693 genes) as compared to aBMSCs (103 genes) or DPSCs (232 genes). Statistically significant DEGs through pairwise comparisons present higher numbers in GMSCs vs. DPSCs (627) as compared to either DPSCs vs aBMSCs (286) or GMSCs vs. aBMSCs (82). Further analysis found that RUNX2, IBSP, SOX6, ACAN, and VCAM1 were significantly upregulated in aBMSCs. In DPSCs, BMP4 and IL6 were significantly downregulated, whereas AXL and NES were significantly upregulated. In GMSCs, AGPT1, SEMA4D, and PGDFA were significantly downregulated. Additionally, MAPK, PI3-AKT, and RAS signaling pathways were significantly regulated in GMSCs. Interestingly, aBMSCs and DPSCs revealed positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation, whereas GMSCs revealed negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation. DPSCs also revealed negative regulation of angiogenesis. Conclusions Oral-derived MSCs have an inherent "landscape" of differentiation defined by their tissue of origin; yet this differentiation potential can be modulated by their microenvironment.
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Swain HN, Boyce PD, Bromet BA, Barozinksy K, Hance L, Shields D, Olbricht GR, Semon JA. Mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies. Biochimie 2024; 223:54-73. [PMID: 38657832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are of interest in the clinic because of their immunomodulation capabilities, capacity to act upstream of inflammation, and ability to sense metabolic environments. In standard physiologic conditions, they play a role in maintaining the homeostasis of tissues and organs; however, there is evidence that they can contribute to some autoimmune diseases. Gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that transition MSCs from their physiological function to a pathological role in their native environment, and elucidating mechanisms that reduce their therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine, is essential. We conducted a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of human MSCs in preclinical studies of autoimmune disease, evaluating 60 studies that included 845 patient samples and 571 control samples. MSCs from any tissue source were included, and the study was limited to four autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and lupus. We developed a novel Risk of Bias tool to determine study quality for in vitro studies. Using the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy's criteria to define an MSC, most studies reported no difference in morphology, adhesion, cell surface markers, or differentiation into bone, fat, or cartilage when comparing control and autoimmune MSCs. However, there were reported differences in proliferation. Additionally, 308 biomolecules were differentially expressed, and the abilities to migrate, invade, and form capillaries were decreased. The findings from this study could help to explain the pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune disease and potentially lead to improved MSC-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey N Swain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Parker D Boyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Bradley A Bromet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Kaiden Barozinksy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Lacy Hance
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Dakota Shields
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Gayla R Olbricht
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
| | - Julie A Semon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA.
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Trompet D, Melis S, Chagin AS, Maes C. Skeletal stem and progenitor cells in bone development and repair. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:633-654. [PMID: 38696703 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Bone development, growth, and repair are complex processes involving various cell types and interactions, with central roles played by skeletal stem and progenitor cells. Recent research brought new insights into the skeletal precursor populations that mediate intramembranous and endochondral bone development. Later in life, many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms determining development are reactivated upon fracture, with powerful trauma-induced signaling cues triggering a variety of postnatal skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) residing near the bone defect. Interestingly, in this injury context, the current evidence suggests that the fates of both SSPCs and differentiated skeletal cells can be considerably flexible and dynamic, and that multiple cell sources can be activated to operate as functional progenitors generating chondrocytes and/or osteoblasts. The combined implementation of in vivo lineage tracing, cell surface marker-based cell selection, single-cell molecular analyses, and high-resolution in situ imaging has strongly improved our insights into the diversity and roles of developmental and reparative stem/progenitor subsets, while also unveiling the complexity of their dynamics, hierarchies, and relationships. Albeit incompletely understood at present, findings supporting lineage flexibility and possibly plasticity among sources of osteogenic cells challenge the classical dogma of a single primitive, self-renewing, multipotent stem cell driving bone tissue formation and regeneration from the apex of a hierarchical and strictly unidirectional differentiation tree. We here review the state of the field and the newest discoveries in the origin, identity, and fates of skeletal progenitor cells during bone development and growth, discuss the contributions of adult SSPC populations to fracture repair, and reflect on the dynamism and relationships among skeletal precursors and differentiated cell lineages. Further research directed at unraveling the heterogeneity and capacities of SSPCs, as well as the regulatory cues determining their fate and functioning, will offer vital new options for clinical translation toward compromised fracture healing and bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Trompet
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seppe Melis
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Hamidi SH, Etebar N, Rahimzadegan M, Zali A, Roodsari SR, Niknazar S. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease: from paper to practice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1643-1671. [PMID: 38977625 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current medicines are not sufficient to control the inflammation and progressive damage to the CNS that is known in MS. These drawbacks highlight the need for novel treatment options. Cell therapy can now be used to treat complex diseases when conventional therapies are ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a diverse group of multipotential non-hematopoietic stromal cells which have immunomodulatory, neurogenesis, and remyelinating capacity. Their advantageous effects mainly rely on paracrine, cell-cell communication and differentiation properties which introduced them as excellent candidates for MS therapy. Exosomes, as one of the MSCs secretomes, have unique properties that make them highly promising candidates for innovative approach in regenerative medicine. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derived exosomes as a novel treatment for MS, highlighting the differences between these two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmati Roodsari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Stone AP, Rand E, Thornes G, Kay AG, Barnes AL, Hitchcock IS, Genever PG. Extracellular matrices of stromal cell subtypes regulate phenotype and contribute to the stromal microenvironment in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:178. [PMID: 38886845 PMCID: PMC11184721 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are highly heterogeneous, which may reflect their diverse biological functions, including tissue maintenance, haematopoietic support and immune control. The current understanding of the mechanisms that drive the onset and resolution of heterogeneity, and how BMSCs influence other cells in their environment is limited. Here, we determined how the secretome and importantly the extracellular matrix of BMSCs can influence cellular phenotype. METHODS We used two immortalised clonal BMSC lines isolated from the same heterogeneous culture as model stromal subtypes with distinct phenotypic traits; a multipotent stem-cell-like stromal line (Y201) and a nullipotent non-stem cell stromal line (Y202), isolated from the same donor BMSC pool. Label-free quantitative phase imaging was used to track cell morphology and migration of the BMSC lines over 96 h in colony-forming assays. We quantified the secreted factors of each cell line by mass spectrometry and confirmed presence of proteins in human bone marrow by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Transfer of secreted signals from a stem cell to a non-stem cell resulted in a change in morphology and enhanced migration to more closely match stem cell-like features. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the Y201 stem cell secretome compared to Y202 stromal cells. We confirmed that Y201 produced a more robust ECM in culture compared to Y202. Growth of Y202 on ECM produced by Y201 or Y202 restored migration and fibroblastic morphology, suggesting that it is the deficiency of ECM production that contributes to its phenotype. The proteins periostin and aggrecan, were detected at 71- and 104-fold higher levels in the Y201 versus Y202 secretome and were subsequently identified by immunofluorescence at rare sites on the endosteal surfaces of mouse and human bone, underlying CD271-positive stromal cells. These proteins may represent key non-cellular components of the microenvironment for bona-fide stem cells important for cell maintenance and phenotype in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We identified plasticity in BMSC morphology and migratory characteristics that can be modified through secreted proteins, particularly from multipotent stem cells. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of specific ECM proteins in co-ordination of cellular phenotype and highlight how non-cellular components of the BMSC microenvironment may provide insights into cell population heterogeneity and the role of BMSCs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stone
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK.
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
| | - Emma Rand
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Gabriel Thornes
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alasdair G Kay
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Amanda L Barnes
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian S Hitchcock
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul G Genever
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
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9
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Rostamani H, Fakhraei O, Zamirinadaf N, Mahjour M. An overview of nasal cartilage bioprinting: from bench to bedside. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1273-1320. [PMID: 38441976 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2321636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nasal cartilage diseases and injuries are known as significant challenges in reconstructive medicine, affecting a substantial number of individuals worldwide. In recent years, the advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach for nasal cartilage reconstruction, offering potential breakthroughs in the field of regenerative medicine. This paper provides an overview of the methods and challenges associated with 3D bioprinting technologies in the procedure of reconstructing nasal cartilage tissue. The process of 3D bioprinting entails generating a digital 3D model using biomedical imaging techniques and computer-aided design to integrate both internal and external scaffold features. Then, bioinks which consist of biomaterials, cell types, and bioactive chemicals, are applied to facilitate the precise layer-by-layer bioprinting of tissue-engineered scaffolds. After undergoing in vitro and in vivo experiments, this process results in the development of the physiologically functional integrity of the tissue. The advantages of 3D bioprinting encompass the ability to customize scaffold design, enabling the precise incorporation of pore shape, size, and porosity, as well as the utilization of patient-specific cells to enhance compatibility. However, various challenges should be considered, including the optimization of biomaterials, ensuring adequate cell viability and differentiation, achieving seamless integration with the host tissue, and navigating regulatory attention. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of 3D bioprinting in the rebuilding of such soft tissues, this paper covers various aspects of the bioprinted tissues to provide insights for the future development of repair techniques appropriate for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostamani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Fakhraei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Zamirinadaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mahjour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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van Griensven M, Balmayor ER. Extracellular vesicles are key players in mesenchymal stem cells' dual potential to regenerate and modulate the immune system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115203. [PMID: 38342242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
MSCs are used for treatment of inflammatory conditions or for regenerative purposes. MSCs are complete cells and allogenic transplantation is in principle possible, but mostly autologous use is preferred. In recent years, it was discovered that cells secrete extracellular vesicles. These are active budded off vesicles that carry a cargo. The cargo can be miRNA, protein, lipids etc. The extracellular vesicles can be transported through the body and fuse with target cells. Thereby, they influence the phenotype and modulate the disease. The extracellular vesicles have, like the MSCs, immunomodulatory or regenerative capacities. This review will focus on those features of extracellular vesicles and discuss their dual role. Besides the immunomodulation, the regeneration will concentrate on bone, cartilage, tendon, vessels and nerves. Current clinical trials with extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration that started in the last five years are highlighted as well. In summary, extracellular vesicles have a great potential as disease modulating entity and treatment. Their dual characteristics need to be taken into account and often are both important for having the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Najar M, Bouhtit F, Rahmani S, Bouali A, Melki R, Najimi M, Lewalle P, Merimi M. The immunogenic profile and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stromal / stem cells in the presence of Ptychotis verticillata. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24822. [PMID: 38317994 PMCID: PMC10838760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising immunotherapeutic tool due to their easy accessibility, culture expansion possibilities, safety profile, and immunomodulatory properties. Although several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of MSCs, their efficacy needs to be improved while also preserving their safety. It has been suggested that cell homeostasis may be particularly sensitive to plant extracts. The impact of natural compounds on immunity is thus a fascinating and growing field. Ptychotis verticillata and its bioactive molecules, carvacrol and thymol, are potential candidates for improving MSC therapeutic effects. They can be used as immunotherapeutic agents to regulate MSC functions and behavior during immunomodulation. Depending on their concentrations and incubation time, these compounds strengthened the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs while maintaining their immune-evasive profile. Incubating MSCs with carvacrol and thymol does not alter their hypoimmunogenicity, as no induction of the allogeneic immune response was observed. MSCs also showed enhanced abilities to reduce the proliferation of activated T cells. Thus, MSCs are immunologically responsive to bioactive molecules derived from PV. The bioactivity may depend on the whole phyto-complex of the oil. These findings may contribute to the development of safe and efficient immunotherapeutic MSCs by using medicinal plant-derived active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Faculty of Medicine, ULB721, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Saida Rahmani
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abderrahim Bouali
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Rahma Melki
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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13
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Pabinger C, Lothaller H, Kobinia GS. Intra-articular injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (mesenchymal stem cells) in KL grade III and IV knee osteoarthritis: 4 year results of 37 knees. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2665. [PMID: 38302491 PMCID: PMC10834500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell based therapies are increasingly used and results of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) show encouraging short- to middle term results, superior to hyaluronic acid and platelet rich plasma (PRP). Most studies describe patients with mild to moderate arthritis and results of patients with KL III and IV osteoarthritis of the knee are limited to short term evaluations. Hence, the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the mid-term outcome of BMAC injections in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the knee. The BMAC was retrieved from the iliac crest as previously published with the "reorientation technique" from the iliac crest in supine position in analgosedation and injected into the patients' osteoarthritic knees. Patients were followed-up for 4 years. WOMAC, IKDC, SF 36 and walking distance were measured in a total of 37 participants. There was an improvement of IKDC and WOMAC from the first year onwards and a significant improvement beginning from year 2 up to the mid-term follow-up: IKDC increased significantly from 56 ± 12 (range 34-81) to 73 ± 13 (range 45-100), p < 0.001. WOMAC decreased significantly from 40 ± 23 (range 6-96) to 18 ± 18 (range 0-67), p < 0.001. 35 of 37 knees improved regarding IKDC and WOMAC score from the first to the last follow-up. Not a single protheses had to be implanted. Elaborate statistical analysis was done to exclude covariates and confounders (age, time, BMI,…). In summary, this is the first study on BMAC injections into 37 osteoarthritic knees with a 4-year follow up showing significant improvements in IKDC and WOMAC scores, and with a 95% success rate and significant improvement in walking distance.Clinical relevance Describes the 4-year outcome of BMAC injections for knees with severe osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Pabinger
- IRM - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Plüddemanngasse 45, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Christof Probst Platz 1, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Harald Lothaller
- University of Music and Performing Arts, Leonhardstraße 15, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Stefan Kobinia
- IRM - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Plüddemanngasse 45, 8010, Graz, Austria
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14
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Ataei A, Azizi M, Hajisadeghi S, Madani M, Khorami M, Hassantash S, Saeidpour Masouleh S, Barati G. The Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Secretome on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1195-1207. [PMID: 37366360 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230627151809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancers are prevalent in the human population, particularly in unindustrialized countries. In 90 % of oral cancers, the tumors arise from squamous cells, which is called oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite new treatment strategies, the morbidity and mortality rates are still high. Current treatment options including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not effective in the treatment of the tumor. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered one of the leading strategies in cancer treatment. However, the field of MSC therapy in OSCC is immature and ongoing studies are being conducted in experimental and pre-clinical studies. Here, we reviewed these studies to figure out whether the use of MSCs could be worthwhile in OSCC therapy or not. Both native and engineered MSCs as well as their secretome have been used in the treatment of OSCC. It seems that genetically modified MSCs or their secretome could inhibit the tumorigenesis of OSCC. However, further pre-clinical studies are required to come to a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ataei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samira Hajisadeghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mojan Madani
- Orthodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Arak UNDUniversity of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Khorami
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Hassantash
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Yang Z, Peng Y, Yuan J, Xia H, Luo L, Wu X. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Treatment for Thymic Involution. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:29-38. [PMID: 37421539 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is the main immune organ in the body. However, the thymus gradually degenerates in early life, leading to a reduction in T-cell production and a decrease in immune function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising alternative for the treatment of thymus senescence due to their homing ability to the site of inflammation and their paracrine, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the heterogeneity, difficulty of survival in vivo, short residence time, and low homing efficiency of the injected MSCs affect the clinical therapeutic effect. This article reviews strategies to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy, including the selection of appropriate cell doses, transplantation frequency, and interval cycles. The survival rate of MSCs can be improved to some extent by improving the infusion mode of MSCs, such as simulating the in vivo environment, applying the biological technology of hydrogels and microgels, and iron oxide labeling technology, which can improve the curative effect and homing of MSCs, promote the regeneration of thymic epithelial cells, and restore the function of the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailing Yang
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Medical Laboratory, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yunxiao Peng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Medical Laboratory, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Haixiong Xia
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Medical Laboratory, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Luo
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Medical Laboratory, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xijun Wu
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Medical Laboratory, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
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16
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Tsubosaka M, Maruyama M, Lui E, Kushioka J, Toya M, Gao Q, Shen H, Li X, Chow SKH, Zhang N, Yang YP, Goodman SB. Preclinical models for studying corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35360. [PMID: 38247252 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory condition that commonly results in femoral head collapse and degenerative arthritis of the hip. In the early stages, surgical procedures for hip preservation, including core decompression (CD), have been developed to prevent progressive collapse of the femoral head. Optimization of bone regeneration and biological augmentation may further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CD for ONFH. Thus, combining CD with cell-based therapy has recently been proposed. In fact, patients treated with cell-based therapy using autologous bone marrow concentrate demonstrate improved survivorship of the femoral head, compared with conventional CD alone. Preclinical research studies to investigate adjunctive therapies for CD often utilize the rabbit model of corticosteroid-induced ONFH. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and decrease inflammation in bone. Local drug delivery systems have the potential to achieve targeted therapeutic effects by precisely controlling the drug release rate. Scaffolds can provide an osteoconductive structural framework to facilitate the repair of osteonecrotic bone tissue. We focused on the combination of both cell-based and scaffold-based therapies for bone tissue regeneration in ONFH. We hypothesized that combining CD and osteoconductive scaffolds would provide mechanical strength and structural cell guidance; and that combining CD and genetically modified (GM) MSCs to express relevant cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors would promote bone tissue repair. We developed GM MSCs that overexpress the anti-inflammatory, pro-reconstructive cytokines platelet-derived growth factor-BB to provide MSCs with additional benefits and investigated the efficacy of combinations of these GM MSCs and scaffolds for treatment of ONFH in skeletally mature male New Zealand white rabbits. In the future, the long-term safety, efficacy, durability, and cost-effectiveness of these and other biological and mechanical treatments must be demonstrated for the patients affected by ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Junichi Kushioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huaishuang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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17
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Chopra H, Daley MP, Kumar A, Sugai J, Dahlkemper A, Kaigler D, Sherley JL. Evaluation of the Precision of Kinetic Stem Cell (KSC) Counting for Specific Quantification of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Heterogeneous Tissue Cell Preparations. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 38255666 PMCID: PMC10820168 DOI: 10.3390/life14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting is a recently introduced first technology for quantifying tissue stem cells in vertebrate organ and tissue cell preparations. Previously, effective quantification of the fraction or dosage of tissue stem cells had been largely lacking in stem cell science and medicine. A general method for the quantification of tissue stem cells will accelerate progress in both of these disciplines as well as related industries like drug development. Triplicate samples of human oral alveolar bone cell preparations, which contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), were used to estimate the precision of KSC counting analyses conducted at three independent sites. A high degree of intra-site precision was found, with coefficients of variation for determinations of MSC-specific fractions of 8.9% (p < 0.003), 13% (p < 0.006), and 25% (p < 0.02). The estimates of inter-site precision, 11% (p < 0.0001) and 26% (p < 0.0001), also indicated a high level of precision. Results are also presented to show the ability of KSC counting to define cell subtype-specific kinetics factors responsible for changes in the stem cell fraction during cell culture. The presented findings support the continued development of KSC counting as a new tool for advancing stem cell science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Michael P. Daley
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | | | - James Sugai
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Alex Dahlkemper
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Darnell Kaigler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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18
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Chopra H, Cao C, Sommer C, Dahlkemper A, Sugai J, Sherley JL, Kaigler D. Quantification of the Culture Stability of Stem Cell Fractions from Oral-Derived, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Preparations: A Significant Step toward the Clinical Translation of Cell Therapies. Cells 2023; 12:2703. [PMID: 38067131 PMCID: PMC10705797 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuing limitation and major challenge in the development and utilization of predictable stem cell therapies (SCTs) is the determination of the optimal dosages of stem cells. Herein, we report the quantification of stem cell fractions (SCF) of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) preparations derived from oral tissues. A novel computational methodology, kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting, was used to quantify the SCF and specific cell culture kinetics of stem cells in oral alveolar bone-derived MSC (aBMSCs) from eight patients. These analyses established, for the first time, that the SCF within these heterogeneous, mixed-cell populations differs significantly among donors, ranging from 7% to 77% (ANOVA p < 0.0001). Both the initial SCF of aBMSC preparations and changes in the level of the SCF with serial culture over time showed a high degree of inter-donor variation. Hence, it was revealed that the stability of the SCF of human aBMSC preparations during serial cell culture shows inter-donor variation, with some patient preparations exhibiting sufficient stability to support the long-term net expansion of stem cells. These findings provide important insights for the clinical-scale expansion and biomanufacturing of MSCs, which can facilitate establishing more effective and predictable outcomes in clinical trials and treatments employing SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Kaigler Lab of Stem Cell Science and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (C.C.); (C.S.); (A.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Chen Cao
- Kaigler Lab of Stem Cell Science and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (C.C.); (C.S.); (A.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Celia Sommer
- Kaigler Lab of Stem Cell Science and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (C.C.); (C.S.); (A.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Alex Dahlkemper
- Kaigler Lab of Stem Cell Science and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (C.C.); (C.S.); (A.D.); (J.S.)
| | - James Sugai
- Kaigler Lab of Stem Cell Science and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (C.C.); (C.S.); (A.D.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Darnell Kaigler
- Kaigler Lab of Stem Cell Science and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.C.); (C.C.); (C.S.); (A.D.); (J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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da Silva AV, Serrenho I, Araújo B, Carvalho AM, Baltazar G. Secretome as a Tool to Treat Neurological Conditions: Are We Ready? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16544. [PMID: 38003733 PMCID: PMC10671352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their characteristics, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential therapy for brain tissue injury or degeneration. Nevertheless, despite the promising results observed, there has been a growing interest in the use of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine, such as the use of stem cell secretome. This review provides an in-depth compilation of data regarding the secretome composition, protocols used for its preparation, as well as existing information on the impact of secretome administration on various brain conditions, pointing out gaps and highlighting relevant findings. Moreover, due to the ability of MSCs to respond differently depending on their microenvironment, preconditioning of MSCs has been used to modulate their composition and, consequently, their therapeutic potential. The different strategies used to modulate the MSC secretome were also reviewed. Although secretome administration was effective in improving functional impairments, regeneration, neuroprotection, and reducing inflammation in brain tissue, a high variability in secretome preparation and administration was identified, compromising the transposition of preclinical data to clinical studies. Indeed, there are no reports of the use of secretome in clinical trials. Despite the existing limitations and lack of clinical data, secretome administration is a potential tool for the treatment of various diseases that impact the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente da Silva
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Inês Serrenho
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Araújo
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Graça Baltazar
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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20
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Gupta A, Shaik SK, Balasubramanian L, Chakraborty U. MSCProfiler: a single cell image processing workflow to investigate mesenchymal stem cell heterogeneity. Biotechniques 2023; 75:195-209. [PMID: 37916466 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Single cell cytometry has demonstrated plausible immuno-heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to their multivariate stromal origin. To contribute successfully to next-generation stem cell therapeutics, a deeper understanding of their cellular morphology and immunophenotype is important. In this study, the authors describe MSCProfiler, an image analysis pipeline developed using CellProfiler software. This workflow can extract geometrical and texture features such as shape, size, eccentricity and entropy, along with intensity values of the surface markers from multiple single cell images obtained using imaging flow cytometry. This screening pipeline can be used to analyze geometrical and texture features of all types of MSCs across different passages hallmarked by enhanced feature extraction potential from brightfield and fluorescent images of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayona Gupta
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | | | - Uttara Chakraborty
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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21
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da Silva TB, Rendra E, David CAW, Bieback K, Cross MJ, Wilm B, Liptrott NJ, Murray P. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles lack the potency to immunomodulate human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115624. [PMID: 37783151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to display efficacy in a variety of preclinical models, but without long-term engraftment, suggesting a role for secreted factors, such as MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSCs are known to elicit immunomodulatory effects, an important aspect of which is their ability to affect macrophage phenotype. However, it is not clear if these effects are mediated by MSC-derived EVs, or other factors secreted by the MSCs. Here, we use flow cytometry to assess the effects of human umbilical cord (hUC) MSC-derived EVs on the expression of pro-inflammatory (CD80) and anti-inflammatory (CD163) surface markers in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). hUC-MSC-derived EVs did not change the surface marker expression of the hMDMs. In contrast, when hMDMs were co-incubated with hUC-MSCs in indirect co-cultures, changes were observed in the expression of CD14, CD80 and CD163, particularly in M1 macrophages, suggesting that soluble factors are necessary to elicit a shift in phenotype. However, even though EVs did not alter the surface marker expression of macrophages, they promoted angiogenesis and phagocytic capacity increased proportionally to increases in EV concentration. Taken together, these results suggest that hUC-MSC-derived EVs are not sufficient to alter macrophage phenotype and that additional MSC-derived factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Borges da Silva
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Erika Rendra
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christopher A W David
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michael J Cross
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Neill J Liptrott
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK.
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22
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Miura T, Kouno T, Takano M, Kuroda T, Yamamoto Y, Kusakawa S, Morioka MS, Sugawara T, Hirai T, Yasuda S, Sawada R, Matsuyama S, Kawaji H, Kasukawa T, Itoh M, Matsuyama A, Shin JW, Umezawa A, Kawai J, Sato Y. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals LRRC75A-Expressing Cell Population Involved in VEGF Secretion of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Under Ischemia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:379-390. [PMID: 37263619 PMCID: PMC10267575 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been utilized in cell therapy for various diseases and their clinical applications are expected to increase in the future. However, the variation in MSC-based product quality due to the MSC heterogeneity has resulted in significant constraints in the clinical utility of MSCs. Therefore, we hypothesized that it might be important to identify and ensure/enrich suitable cell subpopulations for therapies using MSC-based products. In this study, we aimed to identify functional cell subpopulations to predict the efficacy of angiogenic therapy using bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). To assess its angiogenic potency, we observed various levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion among 11 donor-derived BM-MSC lines under in vitro ischemic culture conditions. Next, by clarifying the heterogeneity of BM-MSCs using single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified a functional cell subpopulation that contributed to the overall VEGF production in BM-MSC lines under ischemic conditions. We also found that leucine-rich repeat-containing 75A (LRRC75A) was more highly expressed in this cell subpopulation than in the others. Importantly, knockdown of LRRC75A using small interfering RNA resulted in significant inhibition of VEGF secretion in ischemic BM-MSCs, indicating that LRRC75A regulates VEGF secretion under ischemic conditions. Therefore, LRRC75A may be a useful biomarker to identify cell subpopulations that contribute to the angiogenic effects of BM-MSCs. Our work provides evidence that a strategy based on single-cell transcriptome profiles is effective for identifying functional cell subpopulations in heterogeneous MSC-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Miura
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kouno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Takano
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakawa
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Sugawara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Hirai
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rumi Sawada
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsuyama
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Reverse TR, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Center for Reverse TR, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Genomic Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kawai
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Raik S, Sharma P, Kumar S, Rattan V, Das A, Kumar N, Srinivasan R, Bhattacharyya S. Three-dimensional spheroid culture of dental pulp-derived stromal cells enhance their biological and regenerative properties for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:106422. [PMID: 37172928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) spheroids generated in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system serve as a surrogate model that maintain stem cell characteristics since these mimic the in vivo behavior of cells and tissue more closely. Our study involved a detailed characterization of the spheroids generated in ultra-low attachment flasks. The spheroids were evaluated and compared for their morphology, structural integrity, viability, proliferation, biocomponents, stem cell phenotype and differentiation abilities with monolayer culture derived cells (2D culture). The in-vivo therapeutic efficacy of DPSCs derived from 2D and 3D culture was also assessed by transplanting them in an animal model of the critical-sized calvarial defect. DPSCs formed compact and well-organized multicellular spheroids when cultured in ultra-low attachment condition with superior stemness, differentiation, and regenerative abilities than monolayer cells. They maintained lower proliferative state and showed marked difference in the cellular biocomponents such as lipid, amide and nucleic acid between DPSCs from 2D and 3D cultures. The scaffold-free 3D culture efficiently preserves DPSCs intrinsic properties and functionality by maintaining them in the state close to the native tissues. The scaffold free 3D culture methods allow easy collection of a large number of multicellular spheroids of DPSCs and therefore, this can be adopted as a feasible and efficient method of generating robust spheroids for various in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakshi Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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24
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Goh D, Yang Y, Lee EH, Hui JHP, Yang Z. Managing the Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Regenerative Therapy: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030355. [PMID: 36978745 PMCID: PMC10045936 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects commonly result from trauma and are associated with significant morbidity. Since cartilage is an avascular, aneural, and alymphatic tissue with a poor intrinsic healing ability, the regeneration of functional hyaline cartilage remains a difficult clinical problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with multilineage differentiation potential, including the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. Due to their availability and ease of ex vivo expansion, clinicians are increasingly applying MSCs in the treatment of cartilage lesions. However, despite encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data, inconsistencies in MSC proliferative and chondrogenic potential depending on donor, tissue source, cell subset, culture conditions, and handling techniques remain a key barrier to widespread clinical application of MSC therapy in cartilage regeneration. In this review, we highlight the strategies to manage the heterogeneity of MSCs ex vivo for more effective cartilage repair, including reducing the MSC culture expansion period, and selecting MSCs with higher chondrogenic potential through specific genetic markers, surface markers, and biophysical attributes. The accomplishment of a less heterogeneous population of culture-expanded MSCs may improve the scalability, reproducibility, and standardisation of MSC therapy for clinical application in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
| | - Yanmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-5398
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25
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Karami Fath M, Moayedi Banan Z, Barati R, Mohammadrezakhani O, Ghaderi A, Hatami A, Ghiabi S, Zeidi N, Asgari K, Payandeh Z, Barati G. Recent advancements to engineer mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles for targeting and destroying tumors. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 178:1-16. [PMID: 36781149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to migrate into tumor sites and release growth factors to modulate the tumor microenvironment. MSC therapy have shown a dual role in cancers, promoting or inhibiting. However, MSCs could be used as a carrier of anticancer agents for targeted tumor therapy. Recent technical improvements also allow engineering MSCs to improve tumor-targeting properties, protect anticancer agents, and decrease the cytotoxicity of drugs. While some of MSC functions are mediated through their secretome, MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are also proposed as a possible viechle for cancer therapy. EVs allow efficient loading of anticancer agents and have an intrinsic ability to target tumor cells, making them suitable for targeted therapy of tumors. In addition, the specificity and selectivity of EVs to the tumor sites could be enhanced by surface modification. In this review, we addressed the current approaches used for engineering MSCs and EVs to effectively target tumor sites and deliver anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedi Banan
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Barati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mohammadrezakhani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Ghaderi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatami
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shamim Ghiabi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zeidi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Katayoon Asgari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Ochs J, Hanga MP, Shaw G, Duffy N, Kulik M, Tissin N, Reibert D, Biermann F, Moutsatsou P, Ratnayake S, Nienow A, Koenig N, Schmitt R, Rafiq Q, Hewitt CJ, Barry F, Murphy JM. Needle to needle robot-assisted manufacture of cell therapy products. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10387. [PMID: 36176619 PMCID: PMC9472012 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs) have emerged as novel therapies for untreatable diseases, generating the need for large volumes of high-quality, clinically-compliant GMP cells to replace costly, high-risk and limited scale manual expansion processes. We present the design of a fully automated, robot-assisted platform incorporating the use of multiliter stirred tank bioreactors for scalable production of adherent human stem cells. The design addresses a needle-to-needle closed process incorporating automated bone marrow collection, cell isolation, expansion, and collection into cryovials for patient delivery. AUTOSTEM, a modular, adaptable, fully closed system ensures no direct operator interaction with biological material; all commands are performed through a graphic interface. Seeding of source material, process monitoring, feeding, sampling, harvesting and cryopreservation are automated within the closed platform, comprising two clean room levels enabling both open and closed processes. A bioprocess based on human MSCs expanded on microcarriers was used for proof of concept. Utilizing equivalent culture parameters, the AUTOSTEM robot-assisted platform successfully performed cell expansion at the liter scale, generating results comparable to manual production, while maintaining cell quality postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ochs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT)AachenGermany
| | - Mariana P. Hanga
- School of Biosciences, Life and Health Sciences CollegeAston UniversityBirminghamUK
- Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Georgina Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Biomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Niamh Duffy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Biomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Michael Kulik
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT)AachenGermany
| | - Nokilaj Tissin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT)AachenGermany
| | - Daniel Reibert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT)AachenGermany
| | | | - Panagiota Moutsatsou
- School of Biosciences, Life and Health Sciences CollegeAston UniversityBirminghamUK
| | - Shibani Ratnayake
- School of Biosciences, Life and Health Sciences CollegeAston UniversityBirminghamUK
| | - Alvin Nienow
- Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Niels Koenig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT)AachenGermany
| | - Robert Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT)AachenGermany
- Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Qasim Rafiq
- Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Biomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - J. Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Biomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
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27
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Zhang S, Li J, Li C, He J, Ling F, Liu G. Isolation and identification of a mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-like population from pediatric urethral tissue. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:503-511. [PMID: 35817989 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important seed cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multidirectional differentiation potential, high proliferative capacity, low immunogenicity, and immunomodulatory ability. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured a population of mesenchymal stem-like cells from pediatric urethra (PU-MSLCs). The cells had a spindle-shaped fibroblast-like morphology, similar to MSCs derived from other tissues. The PU-MSLCs highly expressed MSC surface markers CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105 but were negative for leukocyte common antigen CD45, and MHC class II-encoded molecule HLA-DR. After in vitro induction, the PU-MSLCs had the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. The PU-MSLCs maintained a normal karyotype and showed no tumorigenicity during long-term cultivation. We thus demonstrated that the mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-like population obtained from pediatric urethra tissue is capable of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, has promising application prospects for cell therapy and tissue engineering, and is expected to contribute to urethral tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chancheng District, Affiliated Foshan Maternity &No.11, Renmin West Road, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jierong Li
- Department of Urology, Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chancheng District, Affiliated Foshan Maternity &No.11, Renmin West Road, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjing Li
- Department of Urology, Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chancheng District, Affiliated Foshan Maternity &No.11, Renmin West Road, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Urology, Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chancheng District, Affiliated Foshan Maternity &No.11, Renmin West Road, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengsheng Ling
- Department of Urology, Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chancheng District, Affiliated Foshan Maternity &No.11, Renmin West Road, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Urology, Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chancheng District, Affiliated Foshan Maternity &No.11, Renmin West Road, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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28
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Kay AG, Fox JM, Hewitson JP, Stone AP, Robertson S, James S, Wang XN, Kapasa E, Yang XB, Genever PG. CD317-Positive Immune Stromal Cells in Human "Mesenchymal Stem Cell" Populations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903796. [PMID: 35734183 PMCID: PMC9207511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs, frequently referred to as "mesenchymal stem cells") clouds biological understanding and hampers their clinical development. In MSC cultures most commonly used in research and therapy, we have identified an MSC subtype characterized by CD317 expression (CD317pos (29.77 ± 3.00% of the total MSC population), comprising CD317dim (28.10 ± 4.60%) and CD317bright (1.67 ± 0.58%) MSCs) and a constitutive interferon signature linked to human disease. We demonstrate that CD317pos MSCs induced cutaneous tissue damage when applied a skin explant model of inflammation, whereas CD317neg MSCs had no effect. Only CD317neg MSCs were able to suppress proliferative cycles of activated human T cells in vitro, whilst CD317pos MSCs increased polarization towards pro-inflammatory Th1 cells and CD317neg cell lines did not. Using an in vivo peritonitis model, we found that CD317neg and CD317pos MSCs suppressed leukocyte recruitment but only CD317neg MSCs suppressed macrophage numbers. Using MSC-loaded scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice we were able to observe tissue generation and blood vessel formation with CD317neg MSC lines, but not CD317pos MSC lines. Our evidence is consistent with the identification of an immune stromal cell, which is likely to contribute to specific physiological and pathological functions and influence clinical outcome of therapeutic MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair G. Kay
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Paul G. Genever, ; Alasdair G. Kay,
| | - James M. Fox
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Hewitson
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Stone
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Robertson
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sally James
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-nong Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Kapasa
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Genever
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Paul G. Genever, ; Alasdair G. Kay,
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29
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Yang J, Zhang L. The roles and therapeutic approaches of MSC-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:959-967. [PMID: 35037237 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women, accounting for 8% of all new cancer cases in both. CRC is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to a higher mortality rate. The 5-year survival rate for CRC is 64% in all cases and just 12% in metastatic cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most recent approaches for therapeutic interventions in cancer. MSCs have multiple properties, including paracrine signaling, immunologic functions, and the ability to migrate to the targeted tissue. MSCs can produce and secrete exosomes in tumor microenvironments. These exosomes can transfer compounds across tumor cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Studies showed that modified MCS-derived exosomes have enhanced specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and better targeting capabilities in comparison to other frequently used delivery systems such as liposomes. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the role of natural MSC-derived exosomes in CRC, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in MSC-derived exosome therapeutic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Anorectal, Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Liman Zhang
- Anorectal, Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
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Hashem Boroojerdi M, Hosseinpour Sarmadi V, Maqbool M, Ling KH, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Ramasamy R. Directional capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells to support hematopoietic stem cell proliferation in vitro. Gene 2022; 820:146218. [PMID: 35134469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialised microenvironment in the bone marrow, which is majorly composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its' derivatives. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of MSCs to decipher the cellular and humoral communications on HSCs' proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation at the transcriptomic level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray assay was employed to analyse the gene expression profile of HSCs that imparted by MSCs during co-culture. RESULTS The proliferation of human umbilical cord blood-derived HSCs (hUC-HSCs) markedly propagated when MSCs were used as the feeder layer, without disturbing the undifferentiated state of HSCs, and reduced the cell death of HSCs. Upon co-culture with MSCs, the global microarray analysis of HSCs disclosed 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (561 up-regulated and 151 down-regulated). The dysregulations of various transcripts were enriched for cellular functions such as cell cycle (including CCND1), apoptosis (including TNF), and genes related to signalling pathways governing self-renewal, as well as WNT5A from the Wnt signalling pathway, MAPK, Hedgehog, FGF2 from FGF, Jak-STAT, and PITX2 from the TGF-β signalling pathway. To concur this, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilised for corroborating the microarray results from five of the most dysregulated genes. CONCLUSION This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of the mitogenic influences of MSCs on the propagation of HSCs. The exploitation of such mechanisms provides a potential means for achieving larger quantities of HSCs in vitro, thus obviating the need for manipulating their differentiation potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
- Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maqbool
- Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Dental Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
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Peng Q, Ren G, Xuan Z, Duda M, Pennisi CP, Porsborg SR, Fink T, Zachar V. Distinct Dominant Lineage from In Vitro Expanded Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) Exhibits Enhanced Wound Healing Properties. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071236. [PMID: 35406800 PMCID: PMC8998068 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that immunophenotypically defined lineages within the in vitro expanded adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) may play a beneficial role from the perspective of a personalized intervention. Therefore, to better understand the implications of different surface marker profiles for the functionality, we set out to examine the evolution of ASC-variants based on the co-expression of five bright or eight dim epitopes. At passages P1, P4, and P8, the co-localization of five bright markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and CD201), or eight dim markers (CD34, CD36, CD200, CD248, CD271, CD274, CD146, and the Stro-1), was investigated by flow cytometry. Selected subpopulations were isolated using the fluorescence-activated cells sorting from the cryopreserved P4 and analyzed in terms of proliferative and clonogenic properties, trilineage differentiation, and wound healing potential. Only two of the dim epitopes were found in representative subpopulations (SP), and from the P4 onwards, two major combinations featuring the CD274+ (SP1) or the CD274+ CD146+ (SP2) emerged. Upon sorting and growth, both subpopulations assumed new but highly similar clonal profiles, consisting of the CD274+ CD146+ and the CD274+ CD146+ CD248+ phenotypes. The functional analysis revealed that the SP2 surpassed SP1 and the unfractionated cells regarding the growth rate, clonogenic activity, and the wound closure and endothelial tube formation potential. The surface epitopes may be considered a tool to enrich specific functionality and thus improve therapeutic outcomes in dedicated circumstances.
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Gonzalez-Vilchis RA, Piedra-Ramirez A, Patiño-Morales CC, Sanchez-Gomez C, Beltran-Vargas NE. Sources, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Cells in Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:325-361. [PMID: 35092596 PMCID: PMC8971271 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a therapeutic option within regenerative medicine that allows to mimic the original cell environment and functional organization of the cell types necessary for the recovery or regeneration of damaged tissue using cell sources, scaffolds, and bioreactors. Among the cell sources, the utilization of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) has gained great interest because these multipotent cells are capable of differentiating into diverse tissues, in addition to their self-renewal capacity to maintain their cell population, thus representing a therapeutic alternative for those diseases that can only be controlled with palliative treatments. This review aimed to summarize the state of the art of the main sources of MSCs as well as particular characteristics of each subtype and applications of MSCs in TE in seven different areas (neural, osseous, epithelial, cartilage, osteochondral, muscle, and cardiac) with a systemic revision of advances made in the last 10 years. It was observed that bone marrow-derived MSCs are the principal type of MSCs used in TE, and the most commonly employed techniques for MSCs characterization are immunodetection techniques. Moreover, the utilization of natural biomaterials is higher (41.96%) than that of synthetic biomaterials (18.75%) for the construction of the scaffolds in which cells are seeded. Further, this review shows alternatives of MSCs derived from other tissues and diverse strategies that can improve this area of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angelica Gonzalez-Vilchis
- Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Angelica Piedra-Ramirez
- Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cesar Patiño-Morales
- Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Concepcion Sanchez-Gomez
- Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nohra E Beltran-Vargas
- Department of Processes and Technology, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Cuajimalpa. Vasco de Quiroga 4871. Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348, CDMX, Mexico.
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Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and functional subpopulation identification. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:483-492. [PMID: 35365767 PMCID: PMC9076886 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a common kind of multipotent cell in vivo, but their heterogeneity limits their further applications. To identify MSC subpopulations and clarify their relationships, we performed cell mapping of bone-marrow-derived MSCs through single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing. In our study, three main subpopulations, namely, the stemness subpopulation, functional subpopulation, and proliferative subpopulation, were identified using marker genes and further bioinformatic analyses. Developmental trajectory analysis showed that the stemness subpopulation was the root and then became either the functional subpopulation or the proliferative subpopulation. The functional subpopulation showed stronger immunoregulatory and osteogenic differentiation abilities but lower proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. MSCs at different passages or isolated from different donors exhibited distinct cell mapping profiles, which accounted for their corresponding different functions. This study provides new insight into the biological features and clinical use of MSCs at the single-cell level, which may contribute to expanding their application in the clinic.
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Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are important adult stem cells for regenerative medicine, largely due to their regenerative characteristics such as self-renewal, secretion of trophic factors, and the capability of inducing mesenchymal cell lineages. MSCs also possess homing and trophic properties modulating immune system, influencing microenvironment around damaged tissues and enhancing tissue repair, thus offering a broad perspective in cell-based therapies. Therefore, it is not surprising that MSCs have been the broadly used adult stem cells in clinical trials. To gain better insights into the current applications of MSCs in clinical applications, we perform a comprehensive review of reported data of MSCs clinical trials conducted globally. We summarize the biological effects and mechanisms of action of MSCs, elucidating recent clinical trials phases and findings, highlighting therapeutic effects of MSCs in several representative diseases, including neurological, musculoskeletal diseases and most recent Coronavirus infectious disease. Finally, we also highlight the challenges faced by many clinical trials and propose potential solutions to streamline the use of MSCs in routine clinical applications and regenerative medicine.
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Arora D, Robey PG. Recent updates on the biological basis of heterogeneity in bone marrow stromal cells/skeletal stem cells. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:3-16. [PMID: 35837340 PMCID: PMC9255791 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on studies over the last several decades, the self-renewing skeletal lineages derived from bone marrow stroma could be an ideal source for skeletal tissue engineering. However, the markers for osteogenic precursors; i.e., bone marrowderived skeletal stem cells (SSCs), in association with other cells of the marrow stroma (bone marrow stromal cells, BMSCs) and their heterogeneous nature both in vivo and in vitro remain to be clarified. This review aims to highlight: i) the importance of distinguishing BMSCs/SSCs from other "mesenchymal stem/stromal cells", and ii) factors that are responsible for their heterogeneity, and how these factors impact on the differentiation potential of SSCs towards bone. The prospective role of SSC enrichment, their expansion and its impact on SSC phenotype is explored. Emphasis has also been given to emerging single cell RNA sequencing approaches in scrutinizing the unique population of SSCs within the BMSC population, along with their committed progeny. Understanding the factors involved in heterogeneity may help researchers to improvise their strategies to isolate, characterize and adopt best culture practices and source identification to develop standard operating protocols for developing reproducible stem cells grafts. However, more scientific understanding of the molecular basis of heterogeneity is warranted that may be obtained from the robust high-throughput functional transcriptomics of single cells or clonal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Arora
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering & Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed-to-be-University), Meerut, India
| | - Pamela Gehron Robey
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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A Roadmap for the Production of a GMP-Compatible Cell Bank of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Clonal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cell Therapy Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2279-2295. [PMID: 35175538 PMCID: PMC8852915 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used extensively in various clinical trials. Nevertheless, there are concerns about their efficacy, attributed mainly to the heterogeneity of the applied populations. Therefore, producing a consistent population of MSCs is crucial to improve their therapeutic efficacy. This study presents a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible and cost-effective protocol for manufacturing, banking, and lot-release of a homogeneous population of human bone marrow-derived clonal MSCs (cMSCs). Methods Here, cMSCs were isolated based on the subfractionation culturing method. Afterward, isolated clones that could reproduce up to passage three were stored as the seed stock. To select proliferative clones, we used an innovative, cost-effective screening strategy based on lengthy serial passaging. Finally, the selected clones re-cultured from the seed stock to establish the following four-tired cell banking system: initial, master, working, and end of product cell banks (ICB, MCB, WCB, and EoPCB). Results Through a rigorous screening strategy, three clones were selected from a total of 21 clones that were stored during the clonal isolation process. The selected clones met the identity, quality, and safety assessments criteria. The validated clones were stored in the four-tiered cell bank system under GMP conditions, and certificates of analysis were provided for the three-individual ready-to-release batches. Finally, a stability study validated the EoPCB, release, and transport process of the frozen final products. Conclusion Collectively, this study presents a technical and translational overview of a GMP-compatible cMSCs manufacturing technology that could lead to the development of similar products for potential therapeutic applications. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12015-022-10351-x.
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Najar M, Melki R, Khalife F, Lagneaux L, Bouhtit F, Moussa Agha D, Fahmi H, Lewalle P, Fayyad-Kazan M, Merimi M. Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Value, Challenges and Optimization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:716853. [PMID: 35096805 PMCID: PMC8795900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy aims to replace damaged resident cells by restoring cellular and molecular environments suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. Among several candidates, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a critical component of stromal niches known to be involved in tissue homeostasis. In vitro, MSCs appear as fibroblast-like plastic adherent cells regardless of the tissue source. The therapeutic value of MSCs is being explored in several conditions, including immunological, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer. An improved understanding of their origin and function would facilitate their clinical use. The stemness of MSCs is still debated and requires further study. Several terms have been used to designate MSCs, although consensual nomenclature has yet to be determined. The presence of distinct markers may facilitate the identification and isolation of specific subpopulations of MSCs. Regarding their therapeutic properties, the mechanisms underlying their immune and trophic effects imply the secretion of various mediators rather than direct cellular contact. These mediators can be packaged in extracellular vesicles, thus paving the way to exploit therapeutic cell-free products derived from MSCs. Of importance, the function of MSCs and their secretome are significantly sensitive to their environment. Several features, such as culture conditions, delivery method, therapeutic dose and the immunobiology of MSCs, may influence their clinical outcomes. In this review, we will summarize recent findings related to MSC properties. We will also discuss the main preclinical and clinical challenges that may influence the therapeutic value of MSCs and discuss some optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahma Melki
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ferial Khalife
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Douaa Moussa Agha
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Finding Superior Quality "Needles" in a Dental Pulpal "Haystack" for Regenerative Medicine-Based Applications. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9127074. [PMID: 35027930 PMCID: PMC8752304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9127074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem/stromal cells (hDPSCs) derived from the permanent secondary dentition are recognised to possess certain advantageous traits, which support their potential use as a viable source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine-based applications. However, the well-established heterogeneous nature of hDPSC subpopulations, coupled with their limited numbers within dental pulp tissues, has impeded our understanding of hDPSC biology and the translation of sufficient quantities of these cells from laboratory research, through successful therapy development and clinical applications. This article reviews our current understanding of hDPSC biology and the evidence underpinning the molecular basis of their heterogeneity, which may be exploited to distinguish individual subpopulations with specific or superior characteristics for regenerative medicine applications. Pertinent unanswered questions which still remain, regarding the developmental origins, hierarchical organisation, and stem cell niche locations of hDPSC subpopulations and their roles in hDPSC heterogeneity and functions, will further be explored. Ultimately, a greater understanding of how key features, such as specific cell surface, senescence and other relevant genes, and protein and metabolic markers, delineate between hDPSC subpopulations with contrasting stemness, proliferative, multipotency, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and other relevant properties is required. Such knowledge advancements will undoubtedly lead to the development of novel screening, isolation, and purification strategies, permitting the routine and effective identification, enrichment, and expansion of more desirable hDPSC subpopulations for regenerative medicine-based applications. Furthermore, such innovative measures could lead to improved cell expansion, manufacture, and banking procedures, thereby supporting the translational development of hDPSC-based therapies in the future.
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Zhaosong M, Na F, Shuling G, Jiacheng L, Ran W. Heterogeneity affects the differentiation potential of dental follicle stem cells through the TGF-β signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12294-12307. [PMID: 34927533 PMCID: PMC8810196 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in maintaining organ homeostasis owing to their unique ability to generate more specialized cell populations in a coordinated manner. Adult mesenchymal stem cells are heterogeneous, a feature that is essential for their functions. However, studies have not elucidated how heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells affects their differentiation capacity. The current study thus explored the heterogeneous Dental Follicle Stem Cells (DFSCs). A previous study by our research group reported that selecting sub-clones can cause artificial damage of the heterogeneous microenvironment of DFSCs. The finds showed a decrease in differentiation capacity of the three subclones, although the underlying mechanism was not elucidated. In this study, cells were harvested and prepared for gene expression microarray analysis. Sequence data was used in gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that downregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway was the main cause of changes in differentiation of sub-clones. Additional analyses revealed that the Hippo pathway, WNT pathway and signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells were also implicated in these changes, through a cross talk with TGF-β signaling pathway through Bmp2, Bmp4, and Bambi. In vivo implantation experiments and osteogenic induction showed that differentiation capacity of DFSCs was significantly reduced in the sub-clones. In summary, the findings of the current study show that differentiation potential of DFSCs is correlated with the heterogeneous microenvironment and TGF-β signaling pathway significantly modulates these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhaosong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu Na
- Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Shuling
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Jiacheng
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Ran
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Hulme CH, Perry J, McCarthy HS, Wright KT, Snow M, Mennan C, Roberts S. Cell therapy for cartilage repair. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:575-589. [PMID: 34423830 PMCID: PMC8589441 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, using cells as therapeutic agents for the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs, offers great hope for the future of medicine. Cell therapy for treating defects in articular cartilage has been an exemplar of translating this technology to the clinic, but it is not without its challenges. These include applying regulations, which were designed for pharmaceutical agents, to living cells. In addition, using autologous cells as the therapeutic agent brings additional costs and logistical challenges compared with using allogeneic cells. The main cell types used in treating chondral or osteochondral defects in joints to date are chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord. This review discusses some of their biology and pre-clinical studies before describing the most pertinent clinical trials in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. Hulme
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Jade Perry
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Helen S. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Karina T. Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Martyn Snow
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Claire Mennan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Sally Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
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Protective Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:909-915. [PMID: 34689292 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on preventing rats from glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (GCONFH) in the early stage in vivo and to investigate the possible mechanism of hUC-MSCs in regulating the balance of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. METHODS All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (C group), model group (M group), and intervention group (I group). The model of GC-ONFH was developed by a sequential administration of lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone. The rats in the I group were treated with caudal vein injection of hUC-MSCs. Six weeks later, the blood samples were obtained to measure the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the content of triglyceride (TG) in serum, and the femoral heads were harvested and observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Micro-CT, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After intervention of hUC-MSCs, the necrosis rate of femoral head decreased from 83% (10/12) to 33% (4/12), the rate of empty bone lacuna was significantly decreased, the activity of ALP increased significantly, the content of TG decreased significantly, the bone density increased obviously, the expression of RUNX2 and Col I increased significantly and the expression of PPARγ decreased significantly. CONCLUSION These results revealed that caudal vein injection of hUC-MSCs can effectively reduce the incidence of GC-ONFH in rats by increasing ALP activity and reducing TG content in serum, increasing bone mineral density, promoting the expression of RUNX2 and Col I, and inhibiting the expression of PPARγ.
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Wruck W, Graffmann N, Spitzhorn LS, Adjaye J. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Acquire Rejuvenation and Reduced Heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717772. [PMID: 34604216 PMCID: PMC8481886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the uniform selection criteria for the isolation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), considerable heterogeneity exists which reflects the distinct tissue origins and differences between individuals with respect to their genetic background and age. This heterogeneity is manifested by the variabilities seen in the transcriptomes, proteomes, secretomes, and epigenomes of tissue-specific MSCs. Here, we review literature on different aspects of MSC heterogeneity including the role of epigenetics and the impact of MSC heterogeneity on therapies. We then combine this with a meta-analysis of transcriptome data from distinct MSC subpopulations derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, cruciate, tonsil, kidney, umbilical cord, fetus, and induced pluripotent stem cells derived MSCs (iMSCs). Beyond that, we investigate transcriptome differences between tissue-specific MSCs and pluripotent stem cells. Our meta-analysis of numerous MSC-related data sets revealed markers and associated biological processes characterizing the heterogeneity and the common features of MSCs from various tissues. We found that this heterogeneity is mainly related to the origin of the MSCs and infer that microenvironment and epigenetics are key drivers. The epigenomes of MSCs alter with age and this has a profound impact on their differentiation capabilities. Epigenetic modifications of MSCs are propagated during cell divisions and manifest in differentiated cells, thus contributing to diseased or healthy phenotypes of the respective tissue. An approach used to reduce heterogeneity caused by age- and tissue-related epigenetic and microenvironmental patterns is the iMSC concept: iMSCs are MSCs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). During iMSC generation epigenetic and chromatin remodeling result in a gene expression pattern associated with rejuvenation thus allowing to overcome age-related shortcomings (e.g., limited differentiation and proliferation capacity). The importance of the iMSC concept is underlined by multiple clinical trials. In conclusion, we propose the use of rejuvenated iMSCs to bypass tissue- and age-related heterogeneity which are associated with native MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasco Wruck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas-Sebastian Spitzhorn
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Merimi M, El-Majzoub R, Lagneaux L, Moussa Agha D, Bouhtit F, Meuleman N, Fahmi H, Lewalle P, Fayyad-Kazan M, Najar M. The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Current Knowledge and Future Understandings. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661532. [PMID: 34490235 PMCID: PMC8416483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research on the therapeutic potential of progenitor cells has advanced considerably. Among progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted significant interest and have proven to be a promising tool for regenerative medicine. MSCs are isolated from various anatomical sites, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. Advances in separation, culture, and expansion techniques for MSCs have enabled their large-scale therapeutic application. This progress accompanied by the rapid improvement of transplantation practices has enhanced the utilization of MSCs in regenerative medicine. During tissue healing, MSCs may exhibit several therapeutic functions to support the repair and regeneration of injured tissue. The process underlying these effects likely involves the migration and homing of MSCs, as well as their immunotropic functions. The direct differentiation of MSCs as a cell replacement therapeutic mechanism is discussed. The fate and behavior of MSCs are further regulated by their microenvironment, which may consequently influence their repair potential. A paracrine pathway based on the release of different messengers, including regulatory factors, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and nucleic acids that can be secreted or packaged into extracellular vesicles, is also implicated in the therapeutic properties of MSCs. In this review, we will discuss relevant outcomes regarding the properties and roles of MSCs during tissue repair and regeneration. We will critically examine the influence of the local microenvironment, especially immunological and inflammatory signals, as well as the mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects. Importantly, we will describe the interactions of local progenitor and immune cells with MSCs and their modulation during tissue injury. We will also highlight the crucial role of paracrine pathways, including the role of extracellular vesicles, in this healing process. Moreover, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients. Overall, this review will provide a better understanding of MSC-based therapies as a novel immunoregenerative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.,LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rania El-Majzoub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Douâa Moussa Agha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.,LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Wilson AJ, Rand E, Webster AJ, Genever PG. Characterisation of mesenchymal stromal cells in clinical trial reports: analysis of published descriptors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:360. [PMID: 34158116 PMCID: PMC8220718 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells are the most widely used cell therapy to date. They are heterogeneous, with variations in growth potential, differentiation capacity and protein expression profile depending on tissue source and production process. Nomenclature and defining characteristics have been debated for almost 20 years, yet the generic term 'MSC' is used to cover a wide range of cellular phenotypes. Against a documented lack of definition of cellular populations used in clinical trials, our study evaluated the extent of characterisation of the cellular population or study drug. METHODS A literature search of clinical trials involving mesenchymal stem/stromal cells was refined to 84 papers upon application of pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted covering background trial information including location, phase, indication, tissue source and details of clinical cell population characterisation (expression of surface markers, viability, differentiation assays and potency/functionality assays). Descriptive statistics were applied, and tests of association between groups were explored using Fisher's exact test for count data with simulated p value. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies (33.3%) include no characterisation data. Forty-five (53.6%) reported average values per marker for all cell lots used in the trial, and 11 (13.1%) studies included individual values per cell lot. Viability was reported in 57% of studies. Differentiation was discussed: osteogenesis (29% of papers), adipogenesis (27%), and chondrogenesis (20%) and other functional assays arose in 7 papers (8%). The extent of characterisation was not related to the clinical phase of development. Assessment of functionality was very limited and did not always relate to the likely mechanism of action. CONCLUSIONS The extent of characterisation was poor and variable. Our findings concur with those in other fields including bone marrow aspirate and platelet-rich plasma therapy. We discuss the potential implications of these findings for the use of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells in regenerative medicine, and the importance of characterisation for transparency and comparability of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Emma Rand
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Webster
- Science and Technology Studies Unit, Department of Sociology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Paul G Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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45
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Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5521715. [PMID: 34046069 PMCID: PMC8128613 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs. These messages help to control the composition and function of dental-derived MSCs and thus accelerate the translation of cell therapy into clinical practice.
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46
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Ahamad N, Singh BB. Calcium channels and their role in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:260-280. [PMID: 33959218 PMCID: PMC8080543 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold indefinite self-renewable capability that can be differentiated into all desired cell types. Based on their plasticity potential, they are divided into totipotent (morula stage cells), pluripotent (embryonic stem cells), multipotent (hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]), and unipotent (progenitor cells that differentiate into a single lineage) cells. Though bone marrow is the primary source of multipotent stem cells in adults, other tissues such as adipose tissues, placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp also harbor stem cells that can be used for regenerative therapy. In addition, induced pluripotent stem cells also exhibit fundamental properties of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells, and thus could be another source for regenerative medicine. Several diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, virus infection (also coronavirus disease 2019) have limited success with conventional medicine, and stem cell transplantation is assumed to be the best therapy to treat these disorders. Importantly, MSCs, are by far the best for regenerative medicine due to their limited immune modulation and adequate tissue repair. Moreover, MSCs have the potential to migrate towards the damaged area, which is regulated by various factors and signaling processes. Recent studies have shown that extracellular calcium (Ca2+) promotes the proliferation of MSCs, and thus can assist in transplantation therapy. Ca2+ signaling is a highly adaptable intracellular signal that contains several components such as cell-surface receptors, Ca2+ channels/pumps/exchangers, Ca2+ buffers, and Ca2+ sensors, which together are essential for the appropriate functioning of stem cells and thus modulate their proliferative and regenerative capacity, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassem Ahamad
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78257, United States
| | - Brij B Singh
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78257, United States
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47
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Zha K, Li X, Yang Z, Tian G, Sun Z, Sui X, Dai Y, Liu S, Guo Q. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration: from characterization to application. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:14. [PMID: 33741999 PMCID: PMC7979687 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage but hard to self-repair due to its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to produce satisfactory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in cartilage repair. However, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is often unstable partly due to their heterogeneity. Understanding the heterogeneity of MSCs and the potential of different types of MSCs for cartilage regeneration will facilitate the selection of superior MSCs for treating cartilage damage. This review provides an overview of the heterogeneity of MSCs at the donor, tissue source and cell immunophenotype levels, including their cytological properties, such as their ability for proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation and immunoregulation, as well as their current applications in cartilage regeneration. This information will improve the precision of MSC-based therapeutic strategies, thus maximizing the efficiency of articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjing Dai
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.
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48
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Harman RM, Marx C, Van de Walle GR. Translational Animal Models Provide Insight Into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Secretome Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654885. [PMID: 33869217 PMCID: PMC8044970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome, consisting of all molecules secreted by MSCs, is intensively studied. MSCs can be readily isolated, expanded, and manipulated in culture, and few people argue with the ethics of their collection. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, most MSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine, in part because the complexity of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs is not completely understood. In addition, the MSC secretome is variable, influenced by individual donor, tissue source of origin, culture conditions, and passage. An increased understanding of the factors that make up the secretome and the ability to manipulate MSCs to consistently secrete factors of biologic importance will improve MSC therapy. To aid in this goal, we can draw from the wealth of information available on secreted factors from MSC isolated from veterinary species. These translational animal models will inspire efforts to move human MSC secretome therapy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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49
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Zha K, Li X, Tian G, Yang Z, Sun Z, Yang Y, Wei F, Huang B, Jiang S, Li H, Sui X, Liu S, Guo Q. Evaluation of CD49f as a novel surface marker to identify functional adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell subset. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13017. [PMID: 33704842 PMCID: PMC8088464 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD49f is expressed on a variety of stem cells and has certain effects on their cytological functions, such as proliferation and differentiation potential. However, whether CD49f is expressed on the surface of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and its effect on ADSCs has not been clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of in vitro culture passage and inflammatory factor treatment on CD49f expression and the adhesion ability of ADSCs from mice and rats were investigated. CD49f+ cells were selected from rat ADSCs (rADSCs) by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and the cellular functions of CD49f+ ADSCs and unsorted ADSCs, including their clonogenic, proliferation, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, migration and anti-apoptotic capacities, were compared. RESULTS CD49f expression and the adhesion ability of ADSCs decreased with increasing in vitro culture passage number. TNF-α and IFN-γ treatment decreased CD49f expression but increased the adhesion ability of ADSCs. After CD49f was blocked with an anti-CD49f antibody, the adhesion ability of ADSCs was decreased. No significant difference in clonogenic activity was observed between unsorted ADSCs and CD49f+ ADSCs. CD49f+ ADSCs had greater proliferation, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, migration and anti-apoptotic capacities than unsorted ADSCs. CONCLUSION In the current study, the expression of CD49f on ADSCs was identified for the first time. The expression of CD49f on ADSCs was influenced by in vitro culture passage number and inflammatory factor treatment. Compared with unsorted ADSCs, CD49f + ADSCs exhibited superior cellular functions, thus may have great application value in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Yang
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuangpeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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50
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Uusitalo-Kylmälä L, Santo Mendes AC, Polari L, Joensuu K, Heino TJ. An In Vitro Co-Culture Model of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Promotes the Differentiation of Myeloid Angiogenic Cells and Pericyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:309-324. [PMID: 33499756 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to stimulate the survival and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) by producing paracrine signals, as well as to differentiate into pericytes and thereby support blood vessel formation and stability. On the other hand, cells with an EC-like phenotype have been found within the CD14+ and CD34+ cell populations of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the proangiogenic differentiation potential of human MSC-MNC co-cultures. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (2,500 cells/cm2) were co-cultured with MNCs (50,000 cells/cm2), which were isolated from the PB of healthy donors. MSCs and MNCs cultured alone at same cell densities were used as controls. Cells in MNC fraction and in co-cultures were isolated for CD14, CD34, and CD31 surface markers with magnetic-activated cell sorting. Co-cultures were analyzed for cell proliferation and morphology, as well as for the expression of various hematopoietic, endothelial, and pericyte markers by immunocytochemistry, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and flow cytometry. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and secretion was measured with qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Our results show that in co-cultures with MSCs, CD14+CD45+ MNCs differentiated into spindle-shaped, nonproliferative, EC-like, myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) expressing CD31, but also into pericyte-like cells expressing neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) and CD146. Functionality of the isolated MACs was demonstrated in co-cultures with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, where they supported the formation of tube-like structures. NG2+ cells of MNC-origin were found among both CD34-CD14+ and CD34-CD14- cell populations, indicating the existence of different subtypes of pericyte-like cells. In addition, VEGF was shown to be secreted in MSC-MNC co-cultures, mainly by MSCs. In conclusion, MSCs were shown to possess proangiogenic capacity in MSC-MNC co-cultures as they supported the differentiation of functional MACs, as well as the differentiation of pericyte-like cells of MNC origin. This phenomenon was mediated at least partially via secreted VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Santo Mendes
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lauri Polari
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Katriina Joensuu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terhi J Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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