1
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Zhou Z, Liu Y, Xie P, Yin Z. A ROS-responsive multifunctional targeted prodrug micelle for atherosclerosis treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124352. [PMID: 38901540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disease. To combat atherosclerosis effectively, it is necessary to develop precision and targeted therapy in the early stages of plaque formation. In this study, a simvastatin (SV)-containing prodrug micelle SPCPV was developed by incorporating a peroxalate ester bond (PO). SPCPV could specifically target VCAM-1 overexpressed at atherosclerotic lesions. SPCPV contains a carrier (CP) composed of cyclodextrin (CD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). At the lesions, CP and SV exerted multifaceted anti-atherosclerotic effects. In vitro studies demonstrated that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) could induce the release of SV from SPCPV. The uptake of SPCPV was higher in inflammatory cells than in normal cells. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that SPCPV effectively reduced ROS levels, possessed anti-inflammatory properties, inhibited foam cell formation, and promoted cholesterol efflux. In vivo studies using atherosclerotic rats showed that SPCPV reduced the thickness of the vascular wall and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This study developed a drug delivery strategy that could target atherosclerotic plaques and treat atherosclerosis by integrating the carrier with SV. The findings demonstrated that SPCPV possessed high stability and safety and had great therapeutic potential for treating early-stage atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zongning Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Li J, Centurion F, Chen R, Gu Z. Intravascular Imaging of Atherosclerosis by Using Engineered Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:319. [PMID: 36979531 PMCID: PMC10046792 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and high-risk atherosclerotic plaques can result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or sudden death. Various imaging and sensing techniques (e.g., ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, fluorescence, photoacoustic) have been developed for scanning inside blood vessels to provide accurate detection of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Nanoparticles have been utilized in intravascular imaging to enable targeted detection of high-risk plaques, to enhance image contrast, and in some applications to also provide therapeutic functions of atherosclerosis. In this paper, we review the recent progress on developing nanoparticles for intravascular imaging of atherosclerosis. We discuss the basic nanoparticle design principles, imaging modalities and instrumentations, and common targets for atherosclerosis. The review is concluded and highlighted with discussions on challenges and opportunities for bringing nanoparticles into in vivo (pre)clinical intravascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Franco Centurion
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rouyan Chen
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Turner ME, Bartoli‐Leonard F, Aikawa E. Small particles with large impact: Insights into the unresolved roles of innate immunity in extracellular vesicle‐mediated cardiovascular calcification. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:20-37. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Francesca Bartoli‐Leonard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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4
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Sharma S, Lamichhane N, Parul, Sen T, Roy I. Iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with organic optical probes for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:943-962. [PMID: 33913338 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and scope of functional inorganic nanoparticles in biomedical research is well established. Among these, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained maximum attention as they can provide targeting, imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Furthermore, incorporation of organic optical probes with IONPs can significantly enhance the scope and viability of their biomedical applications. Combination of two or more such applications renders multimodality in nanoparticles, which can be exploited to obtain synergistic benefits in disease detection and therapy viz theranostics, which is a key trait of nanoparticles for advanced biomedical applications. This review focuses on the use of IONPs conjugated with organic optical probe/s for multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nisha Lamichhane
- Nano-Biomaterials Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Parul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tapas Sen
- Nano-Biomaterials Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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5
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Iron Oxide-Based Magneto-Optical Nanocomposites for In Vivo Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030288. [PMID: 34156393 PMCID: PMC8000024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have played a pivotal role in the development of nanomedicine owing to their versatile functions at the nanoscale, which facilitates targeted delivery, high contrast imaging, and on-demand therapy. Some biomedical inadequacies of IONPs on their own, such as the poor resolution of IONP-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), can be overcome by co-incorporating optical probes onto them, which can be either molecule- or nanoparticulate-based. Optical probe incorporated IONPs, together with two prominent non-ionizing radiation sources (i.e., magnetic field and light), enable a myriad of biomedical applications from early detection to targeted treatment of various diseases. In this context, many research articles are in the public domain on magneto-optical nanoparticles; discussed in detail are fabrication strategies for their application in the biomedical field; however, lacking is a comprehensive review on real-life applications in vivo, their toxicity, and the prospect of bench-to-bedside clinical studies. Therefore, in this review, we focused on selecting such important nanocomposites where IONPs become the magnetic component, conjugated with various types of optical probes; we clearly classified them into class 1 to class 6 categories and present only in vivo studies. In addition, we briefly discuss the potential toxicity of such nanocomposites and their respective challenges for clinical translations.
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6
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Chen J, Zhang X, Millican R, Sherwood J, Martin S, Jo H, Yoon YS, Brott BC, Jun HW. Recent advances in nanomaterials for therapy and diagnosis for atherosclerosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:142-199. [PMID: 33428994 PMCID: PMC7981266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis. It affects the heart, brain, and peripheral vessels and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Researchers have strived to design nanomaterials of various functions, ranging from non-invasive imaging contrast agents, targeted therapeutic delivery systems to multifunctional nanoagents able to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent progress (2017-now) in the development of nanomaterials and their applications to improve atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy during the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Sean Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brigitta C Brott
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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7
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Lorkowski ME, Atukorale PU, Ghaghada KB, Karathanasis E. Stimuli-Responsive Iron Oxide Nanotheranostics: A Versatile and Powerful Approach for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001044. [PMID: 33225633 PMCID: PMC7933107 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in unravelling elements of cancer biology involved in disease progression and treatment resistance have highlighted the need for a holistic approach to effectively tackle cancer. Stimuli-responsive nanotheranostics based on iron oxide nanoparticles are an emerging class of versatile nanomedicines with powerful capabilities to "seek, sense, and attack" multiple components of solid tumors. In this work, the rationale for using iron oxide nanoparticles and the basic physical principles that impact their function in biomedical applications are reviewed. Subsequently, recent advances in the integration of iron oxide nanoparticles with various stimulus mechanisms to facilitate the development of stimuli-responsive nanotheranostics for application in cancer therapy are summarized. The integration of an iron oxide core with various surface coating mechanisms results in the generation of hybrid nanoconstructs with capabilities to codeliver a wide variety of highly potent anticancer therapeutics and immune modulators. Finally, emerging future directions and considerations for their clinical translation are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Lorkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prabhani U. Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Osborn EA, Albaghdadi M, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Lenz T, Nicol P, Castellanos MI, Engel LC, Lahmann AL, Alexiou C, Joner M. Small Dimension-Big Impact! Nanoparticle-Enhanced Non-Invasive and Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 25:E1029. [PMID: 32106607 PMCID: PMC7179220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive translational research has provided considerable progress regarding the understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology over the last decades. In contrast, implementation of molecular in vivo imaging remains highly limited. In that context, nanoparticles represent a useful tool. Their variable shape and composition assure biocompatibility and stability within the environment of intended use, while the possibility of conjugating different ligands as well as contrast dyes enable targeting of moieties of interest on a molecular level and visualization throughout various imaging modalities. These characteristics have been exploited by a number of preclinical research approaches aimed at advancing understanding of vascular atherosclerotic disease, in order to improve identification of high-risk lesions prior to oftentimes fatal thromboembolic events. Furthermore, the combination of these targeted nanoparticles with therapeutic agents offers the potential of site-targeted drug delivery with minimized systemic secondary effects. This review gives an overview of different groups of targeted nanoparticles, designed for in vivo molecular imaging of atherosclerosis as well as an outlook on potential combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lenz
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; (T.L.); (P.N.); (M.I.C.); (L.-C.E.); (A.L.L.)
| | - Philipp Nicol
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; (T.L.); (P.N.); (M.I.C.); (L.-C.E.); (A.L.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Isabel Castellanos
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; (T.L.); (P.N.); (M.I.C.); (L.-C.E.); (A.L.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Leif-Christopher Engel
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; (T.L.); (P.N.); (M.I.C.); (L.-C.E.); (A.L.L.)
| | - Anna Lena Lahmann
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; (T.L.); (P.N.); (M.I.C.); (L.-C.E.); (A.L.L.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, head and neck surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Michael Joner
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; (T.L.); (P.N.); (M.I.C.); (L.-C.E.); (A.L.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
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10
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Hajhosseiny R, Bahaei TS, Prieto C, Botnar RM. Molecular and Nonmolecular Magnetic Resonance Coronary and Carotid Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:569-582. [PMID: 30760017 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Over the past 2 decades, increasing research attention is converging on the early detection and monitoring of atherosclerotic plaque. Among several invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a promising option. Advantages include its versatility, excellent soft tissue contrast for plaque characterization and lack of ionizing radiation. In this review, we will explore the recent advances in multicontrast and multiparametric imaging sequences that are bringing the aspiration of simultaneous arterial lumen, vessel wall, and plaque characterization closer to clinical feasibility. We also discuss the latest advances in molecular magnetic resonance and multimodal atherosclerosis imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hajhosseiny
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (R.H., T.S.B., C.P., R.M.B.).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.H.)
| | - Tamanna S Bahaei
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (R.H., T.S.B., C.P., R.M.B.)
| | - Claudia Prieto
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (R.H., T.S.B., C.P., R.M.B.).,Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (C.P., R.M.B.)
| | - René M Botnar
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (R.H., T.S.B., C.P., R.M.B.).,Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (C.P., R.M.B.)
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11
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Lee KY, Chang K. Understanding Vulnerable Plaques: Current Status and Future Directions. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:1115-1122. [PMID: 31760703 PMCID: PMC6875591 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The main cause of acute myocardial infarction is plaque rupture accompanied by superimposed coronary thrombosis. Thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs) have been suggested as a type of lesion with a vulnerability that can cause plaque rupture. However, not only the existence of a TCFA but also the fine and complex interactions of other anatomical and hemodynamic factors, such as microcalcification in the fibrous cap, cholesterol crystal-induced inflammasome activation, the apoptosis of intraplaque macrophages, and endothelial shear stress distribution should precede a clinical event caused by plaque rupture. Recent studies are being conducted to identify these mechanisms through molecular imaging and hemodynamic assessment using computational fluid dynamics, which will result in better clinical results through selective coronary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yong Lee
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Riviere JE, Jaberi-Douraki M, Lillich J, Azizi T, Joo H, Choi K, Thakkar R, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Modeling gold nanoparticle biodistribution after arterial infusion into perfused tissue: effects of surface coating, size and protein corona. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:1093-1112. [PMID: 29856247 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1476986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the factors governing nanomaterial biodistribution is needed to rationally design safe nanomedicines. This research details the pharmacokinetics of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) biodistribution after arterial infusion of 40 or 80 nm AuNP (1 μg/ml) into the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). AuNP had surface coatings consisting of neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG), anionic lipoic acid (LA), or cationic branched polyethylenimine (BPEI). Effect of a porcine plasma corona (PPC) on 40 nm BPEI and PEG-AuNP were assessed in the IPPSF. Au concentrations were determined by ICP/MS and arterial to venous concentration-time profiles were analyzed over 8 hr (4 hr infusion, 4 hr washout) using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. IPPSF viability and vascular function were assessed by change in glucose utilization, vascular resistance, or weight gain after perfusion. All AuNP demonstrated some degree of AuNP arterial extraction and skin flap retention, as well as enhanced kinetic parameters of tissue uptake; with BPEI-AuNP consistently having the greatest biodistribution even with a PPC. Toxicological effects were not detected. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed intracellular uptake of AuNP. These studies paralleled previous in vitro cell culture studies using the same AuNP in human endothelial and renal proximal tubule cells, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, showing BPEI-AuNP having the greatest uptake, although the presence of a PPC did not reduce IPPSF biodistribution as in the cell culture studies. These findings clearly indicate arterial to the venous extraction of AuNP after infusion with the magnitude of extraction being greatest with the BPEI surface coating and provide data and model structure necessary to construct the whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models capable of utilizing available in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim E Riviere
- a Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- a Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,c Department of Mathematics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - James Lillich
- b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Tahmineh Azizi
- a Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,c Department of Mathematics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Hyun Joo
- a Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Kyoungju Choi
- b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,d Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Ravi Thakkar
- b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,d Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- b Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,d Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
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13
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Bode C, von zur Mühlen C. MRI, the technology for imaging of thrombi and inflammation. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:252-62. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerosis and its sequelae have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. The rupture of an inflamed atherosclerotic plaque is a crucial event, since it can result in acute thrombotic closure of an arterial vessel, resulting e. g. in myocardial infarction or stroke. Not only detection of early plaque rupture with imminent closure is therefore of clinical interest, but also timely detection of vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque progression. However, plaque inflammation or even plaque rupture without vessel occlusion is not reliably detectable by current imaging techniques. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of the coronary vessels, but only allows visualization of the vessel lumen without characterizing the important pathophysiology of the vessel wall. Therefore, highly inflamed and rupture prone plaques can be missed, or appear as a minor vessel narrowing. Although currently available techniques such as intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography allow a further characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, it would be desirable to detect plaque inflammation, early plaque rupture or vascular thrombosis by non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), since they could allow early identification of patients at risk or triage of symptomatic patients.In this manuscript, different strategies for detection of vascular inflammation, plaque-rupture and thrombosis by MRI will be discussed, with a special focus on molecular imaging contrast agents.
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14
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Liberale L, Dallegri F, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Pathophysiological relevance of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:7-18. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryMacrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic cells. They were shown to play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis, from the initiation to the necrotic core formation and plaque rupture. Lesional macrophages primarily derive from blood monocyte, but local macrophage proliferation as well as differentiation from smooth muscle cells have also been described. Within atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment, shifting between pro- (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) functional phenotypes. Furthermore, different stimuli have been associated with differentiation of newly discovered M2 subtypes: IL-4/IL-13 (M2a), immunecomplex (M2b), IL-10/glucocorticoids (M2c), and adenosine receptor agonist (M2d). More recently, additional intraplaque macrophage phenotypes were also recognized in response to CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), haemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes (HAmac/M(Hb)), and heme (Mhem). Such macrophage polarization was described as a progression among multiple phenotypes, which reflect the activity of different transcriptional factors and the cross-talk between intracellular signalling. Finally, the distribution of macrophage subsets within different plaque areas was markedly associated with cardiovascular (CV) vulnerability. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge on the role of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage phenotypic shift will be summarised and discussed. Finally, the role of intraplaque macrophages as predictors of CV events and the therapeutic potential of these cells will be discussed.
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15
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Montiel Schneider MG, Lassalle VL. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as novel and efficient tools for atherosclerosis diagnosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1098-1115. [PMID: 28738519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications derivate from atherosclerosis are the main cause of death in western world. An early detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is primordial for a better care of patients suffering the pathology. In this context nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool to achieve this goal. Nanoparticles based on magnetic iron oxide (MNPs) have been extensively studied in cardiovascular diseases diagnosis, as well as in the treatment and diagnostic of other pathologies. The present review aims to describe and analyze the most current literature regarding to this topic, offering the level of detail required to reproduce the experimental tasks providing a critical input of the latest available reports. The current diagnostic features are presented and compared, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Information on novel technology intended to this purpose is also recompiled and in deep analyzed. Special emphasis is placed in magnetic nanotechnology, remarking the possibility to assess selective and multifunctional systems to the early detection of artherosclerotic pathologies. Finally, in view of the state of the art, the future perspectives about the trends on MNPs in artherosclerorsis diagnostic and treatment have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Leticia Lassalle
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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Stein-Merlob AF, Hara T, McCarthy JR, Mauskapf A, Hamilton JA, Ntziachristos V, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Atheroma Susceptible to Thrombosis Exhibit Impaired Endothelial Permeability In Vivo as Assessed by Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence Molecular Imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:CIRCIMAGING.116.005813. [PMID: 28487316 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of local alterations in endothelial functional integrity in atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. This study used nanoparticle-enhanced optical molecular imaging to probe in vivo mechanisms involving impaired endothelial barrier function in experimental atherothrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis was induced in rabbits (n=31) using aortic balloon injury and high-cholesterol diet. Rabbits received ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO) derivatized with a near-infrared fluorophore (CyAm7) 24 hours before near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Rabbits were then either euthanized (n=9) or underwent a pharmacological triggering protocol to induce thrombosis (n=22). CLIO-CyAm7 nanoparticles accumulated in areas of atheroma (P<0.05 versus reference areas). On near-infrared fluorescence microscopy, CLIO-CyAm7 primarily deposited in the superficial intima within plaque macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Nanoparticle-positive areas further exhibited impaired endothelial barrier function as illuminated by Evans blue leakage. Deeper nanoparticle deposition occurred in areas of plaque neovascularization. In rabbits subject to pharmacological triggering, plaques that thrombosed exhibited significantly higher CLIO-CyAm7 accumulation compared with nonthrombosed plaques (P<0.05). In thrombosed plaques, nanoparticles accumulated preferentially at the plaque-thrombus interface. Intravascular 2-dimensional near-infrared fluorescence imaging detected nanoparticles in human coronary artery-sized atheroma in vivo (P<0.05 versus reference segments). CONCLUSIONS Plaques that exhibit impaired in vivo endothelial permeability in cell-rich areas are susceptible to subsequent thrombosis. Molecular imaging of nanoparticle deposition may help to identify biologically high-risk atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F Stein-Merlob
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Tetsuya Hara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - James A Hamilton
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.).
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Vuong QL, Gillis P, Roch A, Gossuin Y. Magnetic resonance relaxation induced by superparamagnetic particles used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging: a theoretical review. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 9. [PMID: 28398013 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and allow, for example, the detection of tumors or the tracking of stem cells in vivo. By producing magnetic inhomogeneities, they influence the nuclear magnetic relaxation times, which results in a darkening, on the image, of the region containing these particles. A great number of studies have been devoted to their magnetic properties, to their synthesis and to their influence on nuclear magnetic relaxation. The theoretical and fundamental understanding of the behavior of these particles is a necessary step in predicting their efficiency as contrast agents, or to be able to experimentally obtain some of their properties from a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement. Many relaxation models have been published, and choosing one of them is not always easy, many parameters and conditions have to be taken into account. Relaxation induced by superparamagnetic particles is generally attributed to an outersphere relaxation mechanism. Each model can only be used under specific conditions (motional averaging regime, static regime, high magnetic field, etc.) or for a particular sequence (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill, spin echo, free-induction decay, nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profile, etc.). The parameters included in the equations must be carefully interpreted. In some more complex conditions, simulations are necessary to be able to predict the relaxation rates. A good agreement is usually observed between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results, although some data still cannot be fully understood, such as the dependence of the transverse relaxation on the magnetic field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1468. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1468 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Roch
- Faculty of Medicine, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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Zhang J, Zu Y, Dhanasekara CS, Li J, Wu D, Fan Z, Wang S. Detection and treatment of atherosclerosis using nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27241794 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the key pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, which is a silent killer and a leading cause of death in the United States. Atherosclerosis starts with the adhesion of inflammatory monocytes on the activated endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. These monocytes can further migrate into the intimal layer of the blood vessel where they differentiate into macrophages, which take up oxidized low-density lipoproteins and release inflammatory factors to amplify the local inflammatory response. After accumulation of cholesterol, the lipid-laden macrophages are transformed into foam cells, the hallmark of the early stage of atherosclerosis. Foam cells can die from apoptosis or necrosis, and the intracellular lipid is deposed in the artery wall forming lesions. The angiogenesis for nurturing cells is enhanced during lesion development. Proteases released from macrophages, foam cells, and other cells degrade the fibrous cap of the lesion, resulting in rupture of the lesion and subsequent thrombus formation. Thrombi can block blood circulation, which represents a major cause of acute heart events and stroke. There are generally no symptoms in the early stages of atherosclerosis. Current detection techniques cannot easily, safely, and effectively detect the lesions in the early stages, nor can they characterize the lesion features such as the vulnerability. While the available therapeutic modalities cannot target specific molecules, cells, and processes in the lesions, nanoparticles appear to have a promising potential in improving atherosclerosis detection and treatment via targeting the intimal macrophages, foam cells, endothelial cells, angiogenesis, proteolysis, apoptosis, and thrombosis. Indeed, many nanoparticles have been developed in improving blood lipid profile and decreasing inflammatory response for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of drugs and decreasing their side effects. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1412. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1412 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Jun Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Kim B, Yang J, Lee YH, Kim MH, Heo D, Lee E, Suh JS, Haam S, Huh YM. Compensatory UTE/T2W Imaging of Inflammatory Vascular Wall in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124572. [PMID: 25978437 PMCID: PMC4433322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain compensatory ultra-short echo time (UTE) imaging and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits following dextran-coated magnetic nanocluster (DMNC) injection for the effective in vivo detection of inflammatory vascular wall. METHODS Magnetic nanoparticle was synthesized by thermal decomposition and encapsulated with dextran to prepare DMNC. The contrast enhancement efficiency of DMNC was investigated using UTE (repetition time [TR] = 5.58 and TE = 0.07 ms) and T2W (TR = 4000 and TE = 60 ms) imaging sequences. To confirm the internalization of DMNC into macrophages, DMNC-treated macrophages were visualized by cellular transmission electron microscope (TEM) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. WHHL rabbits expressing macrophage-rich plaques were subjected to UTE and T2W imaging before and after intravenous DMNC (120 μmol Fe/kg) treatment. Ex vivo MR imaging of plaques and immunostaining studies were also performed. RESULTS Positive and negative contrast enhancement of DMNC solutions with increasing Fe concentrations were observed in UTE and T2W imaging, respectively. The relative signal intensities of the DMNC solution containing 2.9 mM Fe were calculated as 3.53 and 0.99 in UTE and T2W imaging, respectively. DMNC uptake into the macrophage cytoplasm was visualized by electron microscopy. Cellular MR imaging of DMNC-treated macrophages revealed relative signals of 3.00 in UTE imaging and 0.98 in T2W imaging. In vivo MR images revealed significant brightening and darkening of plaque areas in the WHHL rabbit 24 h after DMNC injection in UTE and T2W imaging, respectively. Ex vivo MR imaging results agreed with these in vivo MR imaging results. Histological analysis showed that DMNCs were localized to areas of inflammatory vascular wall. CONCLUSIONS Using compensatory UTE and T2W imaging in conjunction with DMNC is an effective approach for the noninvasive in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjune Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Heo
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suck Suh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SH); (YMH)
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SH); (YMH)
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20
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Cui J, Kessinger CW, McCarthy JR, Sosnovik DE, Libby P, Thadhani RI, Jaffer FA. In vivo nanoparticle assessment of pathological endothelium predicts the development of inflow stenosis in murine arteriovenous fistula. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:189-96. [PMID: 25395614 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vivo assessment of pathological endothelium within arteriovenous fistula (AVF) could provide new insights into inflow stenosis, a common cause of AVF primary failure in end-stage renal disease patients. Here we developed nanoparticle-based imaging strategies to assess pathological endothelium in vivo and elucidate its relationship to neointimal hyperplasia formation in AVF. APPROACH AND RESULTS Jugular-carotid AVFs were created in C57BL/6 mice (n=38). Pathological endothelium in the AVF was visualized and quantified in vivo using dextranated magnetofluorescent nanoparticles (CLIO-VT680 [cross-linked iron oxide-VivoTag680]). At day 14, CLIO-VT680 was deposited in AVF, but only minimally in sham-operated arteries. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CLIO-VT680 resided within endothelial cells and in the intimal extracellular space. Endothelial cells of AVF, but not control arteries, expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and showed augmented endothelial permeability near the anastomosis. Intravital microscopy demonstrated that CLIO-VT680 deposited most intensely near the AVF anastomosis (P<0.0001). The day 14 intravital microscopy CLIO-VT680 signal predicted the subsequent site and magnitude of AVF neointimal hyperplasia at day 42 (r=0.58, P<0.05). CLIO-VT680 deposition in AVF was further visualized by ex vivo MRI. CONCLUSIONS AVF develop a pathological endothelial response that can be assessed in vivo via nanoparticle-enhanced imaging. AVF endothelium is activated and exhibits augmented permeability, offering a targeting mechanism for nanoparticle deposition and retention in pathological endothelium. The in vivo AVF nanoparticle signal identified and predicted subsequent inflow neointimal hyperplasia. This approach could be used to test therapeutic interventions aiming to restore endothelial health and to decrease early AVF failure caused by inflow stenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arteriovenous Fistula/metabolism
- Arteriovenous Fistula/pathology
- Arteriovenous Fistula/physiopathology
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Capillary Permeability
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Carotid Arteries/ultrastructure
- Cell Proliferation
- Constriction, Pathologic
- Dextrans
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/surgery
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Hyperplasia
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/physiopathology
- Jugular Veins/surgery
- Jugular Veins/ultrastructure
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetite Nanoparticles
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neointima
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Regional Blood Flow
- Time Factors
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Chase W Kessinger
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - David E Sosnovik
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ravi I Thadhani
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Kee PH, Kim H, Huang S, Laing ST, Moody MR, Vela D, Klegerman ME, McPherson DD. Nitric oxide pretreatment enhances atheroma component highlighting in vivo with intercellular adhesion molecule-1-targeted echogenic liposomes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1167-76. [PMID: 24613216 PMCID: PMC4011946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an ultrasound technique for the detection of inflammatory changes in developing atheromas. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with (i) microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a molecule of adhesion involved in inflammatory processes in lesions of atheromas in New Zealand White rabbits, and (ii) pretreatment with nitric oxide-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound activation at the site of the endothelium to enhance the permeability of the arterial wall and the penetration of ICAM-1-targeted microbubbles. This procedure increases acoustic enhancement 1.2-fold. Pretreatment with nitric oxide-loaded echogenic liposomes and ultrasound activation can potentially facilitate the subsequent penetration of targeted echogenic liposomes into the arterial wall, thus allowing improved detection of inflammatory changes in developing atheromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Kee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaoling Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan T Laing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie R Moody
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melvin E Klegerman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Stapleton PA, Nurkiewicz TR. Vascular distribution of nanomaterials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:338-48. [PMID: 24777845 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Once considered primarily occupational, novel nanotechnology innovations, and applications have led to widespread domestic use and intentional biomedical exposures. With these exciting advances, the breadth and depth of toxicological considerations must also be expanded. The vascular system interacts with every tissue in the body, striving to maintain homeostasis. Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have been reported to distribute in many different tissues and organs. However, these observations have tended to use approaches requiring tissue homogenization and/or gross organ analyses. These techniques, while effective in establishing presence, preclude an exact determination of where ENM are deposited within a tissue. If nanotechnology is to achieve its full potential, it is necessary to identify this exact distribution and deposition of ENM throughout the cardiovascular system, with respect to vascular hemodynamics and in vivo ENM modifications taken into account. Distinct levels of the vasculature will first be described as individual compartments. Then the vasculature will be considered as a whole. These unique compartments and biophysical conditions will be discussed in terms of their propensity to favor ENM deposition. Understanding levels of the vasculature will also be discussed. Ultimately, future studies must verify the mechanisms speculated on and presented herein. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Stapleton
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Saxena A, Kessinger CW, Thompson B, McCarthy JR, Iwamoto Y, Lin CP, Jaffer FA. High-resolution optical mapping of inflammatory macrophages following endovascular arterial injury. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:282-9. [PMID: 23090852 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation following arterial injury mediates vascular restenosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. Here we utilize intravital microscopy (IVM) and a dextran-coated nanosensor to spatially map inflammatory macrophages in vivo following endovascular injury of murine carotid arteries. PROCEDURES C57Bl/6 mice (n = 23) underwent endovascular guidewire carotid arterial injury. At day 14 or day 28 post-injury, mice underwent fluorescence IVM, 24 h after injection with the near-infrared fluorescent macrophage nanosensor CLIO-VT680. Adventitial collagen was concomitantly imaged using second harmonic generation (SHG) IVM. Correlative fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS Two-plane IVM reconstructions detected macrophage inflammation in the arterial wall that was elevated at day 14 compared to day 28 animals (P < 0.05). SHG-based collagen imaging of the outer arterial wall facilitated analysis of the macrophage-rich, inflamed neointima. Histological analyses and fluorescence microscopy data demonstrated increased macrophage infiltration in day 14 compared to day 28 neointima. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the macrophage response to arterial injury can be imaged in vivo using IVM-based molecular imaging, and shows a higher macrophage influx at day 14 compared to day 28 post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Saxena
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Room 3206, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Molecular imaging of macrophage enzyme activity in cardiac inflammation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2014; 7:9258. [PMID: 24729833 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-014-9258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is highly advantageous as various insidious inflammatory events can be imaged in a serial and quantitative fashion. Combined with the conventional imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear imaging, it helps us resolve the extent of ongoing pathology, quantify inflammation and predict outcome. Macrophages are increasingly gaining importance as an imaging biomarker in inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages, recruited to the site of injury, internalize necrotic or foreign material. Along with phagocytosis, activated macrophages release proteolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins into the extracellular environment. Pro-inflammatory monocytes and macrophages also induce tissue oxidative damage through the inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). In this review we will highlight recent advances in molecular macrophage imaging. Particular stress will be given to macrophage functional and enzymatic activity imaging which targets phagocytosis, proteolysis and myeloperoxidase activity imaging.
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Dellinger A, Zhou Z, Connor J, Madhankumar AB, Pamujula S, Sayes CM, Kepley CL. Application of fullerenes in nanomedicine: an update. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 8:1191-208. [PMID: 23837857 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes are carbon spheres presently being pursued globally for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine. These molecules have unique electronic properties that make them attractive candidates for diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Herein, the latest research is discussed on developing fullerene-based therapeutics as antioxidants for inflammatory diseases, their potential as antiviral/bacterial agents, utility as a drug delivery device and the promise of endohedral fullerenes as new MRI contrast agents. The recent discovery that certain fullerene derivatives can stabilize immune effector cells to prevent or inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators makes them potential candidates for several diseases such as asthma, arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Gadolinium-containing endohedral fullerenes are being pursued as diagnostic MRI contrast agents for several diseases. Finally, a new class of fullerene-based theranostics has been developed, which combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities to specifically detect and kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Dellinger
- Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, 2907 East Lee Street, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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26
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Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M, Pittet MJ. Imaging macrophages with nanoparticles. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:125-38. [PMID: 24452356 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have much to offer, not only in deciphering innate immune cell biology and tracking cells, but also in advancing personalized clinical care by providing diagnostic and prognostic information, quantifying treatment efficacy and designing better therapeutics. This Review presents different types of nanomaterial, their biological properties and their applications for imaging macrophages in human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, diabetes and other conditions. We anticipate that future needs will include the development of nanomaterials that are specific for immune cell subsets and can be used as imaging surrogates for nanotherapeutics. New in vivo imaging clinical tools for noninvasive macrophage quantification are thus ultimately expected to become relevant to predicting patients' clinical outcome, defining treatment options and monitoring responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Weissleder
- 1] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- 1] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- 1] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Lacerda S, Lorrio S, Makowski MR, Botnar RM. Molecular MRI of atherosclerosis. Molecules 2013; 18:14042-69. [PMID: 24232739 PMCID: PMC6270261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in prevention, risk assessment and treatment, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. The lion's share is due to acute coronary syndromes (ACS), which are predominantly triggered by plaque rupture or erosion and subsequent coronary thrombosis. As the majority of vulnerable plaques does not cause a significant stenosis, due to expansive remodeling, and are rather defined by their composition and biological activity, detection of vulnerable plaques with x-ray angiography has shown little success. Non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection by identifying biological features that have been associated with plaque progression, destabilization and rupture may therefore be more appropriate and may allow earlier detection, more aggressive treatment and monitoring of treatment response. MR molecular imaging with target specific molecular probes has shown great promise for the noninvasive in vivo visualization of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level in animals and humans. Compared to other imaging modalities; MRI can provide excellent spatial resolution; high soft tissue contrast and has the ability to simultaneously image anatomy; function as well as biological tissue composition and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkystis Phinikaridou
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Marcelo E. Andia
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Radiology, Charite, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - René M. Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
- Wellcome Trust and ESPRC Medical Engineering Center, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- BHF Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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28
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Heidt T, Nahrendorf M. Multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles for hybrid biomedical imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:756-765. [PMID: 23065771 PMCID: PMC3549036 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide core nanoparticles are attractive imaging agents because their material properties allow the tuning of pharmacokinetics as well as the attachment of multiple moieties to their surface. In addition to affinity ligands, these include fluorochromes and radioisotopes for detection with optical and nuclear imaging. As the iron oxide core can be detected by MRI, options for combining imaging modalities are manifold. Already, preclinical imaging strategies have combined noninvasive imaging with higher resolution techniques, such as intravital microscopy, to gain unprecedented insight into steady-state biology and disease. Going forward, hybrid iron oxide nanoparticles will help to merge modalities, creating a synergy that will enable imaging in basic research and, potentially, also in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heidt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Verjans JW, Jaffer FA. Biological imaging of atherosclerosis: moving beyond anatomy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:681-94. [PMID: 23733542 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biological or molecular imaging is now providing exciting new strategies to study atherosclerosis in both animals and humans. These technologies hold the promise to provide disease-specific, molecular information within the context of a systemic or organ-specific disease beyond traditional anatomical-based imaging. By integration of biological, chemical, and anatomical imaging knowledge into diagnostic strategies, a more comprehensive and predictive picture of atherosclerosis is likely to emerge. As such, biological imaging is well positioned to study different stages of atherosclerosis and its treatment, including the sequence of atheroma initiation, progression, and plaque rupture. In this review, we describe the evolving concepts in atherosclerosis imaging with a focus on coronary artery disease, and we provide an overview of recent exciting translational developments in biological imaging. The illuminated examples and discussions will highlight how biological imaging is providing new clinical approaches to identify high-risk plaques, and to streamline the development process of new atherosclerosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan W Verjans
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Simches Building, Room 3206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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30
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31
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Hjortnaes J, New SEP, Aikawa E. Visualizing novel concepts of cardiovascular calcification. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 23:71-9. [PMID: 23290463 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is currently viewed as an active disease process similar to embryonic bone formation. Cardiovascular calcification mainly affects the aortic valve and arteries and is associated with increased mortality risk. Aortic valve and arterial calcification share similar risk factors, including age, gender, diabetes, chronic renal disease, and smoking. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanism of cardiovascular calcification is unknown. Late-stage cardiovascular calcification can be visualized with conventional imaging modalities such as echocardiography and computed tomography. However, these modalities are limited in their ability to detect the development of early calcification and the progression of calcification until advanced tissue mineralization is apparent. Due to the subsequent late diagnosis of cardiovascular calcification, treatment is usually comprised of invasive interventions such as surgery. The need to understand the process of calcification is therefore warranted and requires new imaging modalities which are able to visualize early cardiovascular calcification. This review focuses on the use of new imaging techniques to visualize novel concepts of cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Hjortnaes
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB741J, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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32
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Abstract
Macrophages are central regulators of disease progression in both atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). In atherosclerosis, macrophages are the dominant leukocyte population that influences lesional development. In MI, which is caused by atherosclerosis, macrophages accumulate readily and have important roles in inflammation and healing. Molecular imaging has grown considerably as a field and can reveal biological process at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Here, we explore how various imaging modalities, from intravital microscopy in mice to organ-level imaging in patients, are contributing to our understanding of macrophages and their progenitors in cardiovascular disease.
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33
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Ripplinger CM, Kessinger CW, Li C, Kim JW, McCarthy JR, Weissleder R, Henke PK, Lin CP, Jaffer FA. Inflammation modulates murine venous thrombosis resolution in vivo: assessment by multimodal fluorescence molecular imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2616-24. [PMID: 22995524 PMCID: PMC3516622 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.251983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of thrombus inflammation in vivo could provide new insights into deep vein thrombosis (DVT) resolution. Here, we develop and evaluate 2 integrated fluorescence molecular-structural imaging strategies to quantify DVT-related inflammation and architecture and to assess the effect of thrombus inflammation on subsequent DVT resolution in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine DVT were created with topical 5% FeCl(3) application to thigh or jugular veins (n=35). On day 3, mice received macrophage and matrix metalloproteinase activity fluorescence imaging agents. On day 4, integrated assessment of DVT inflammation and architecture was performed using confocal fluorescence intravital microscopy. Day 4 analyses showed robust relationships among in vivo thrombus macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran deposition (r>0.70; P<0.01). In a serial 2-time point study, mice with DVT underwent intravital microscopy at day 4 and day 6. Analyses revealed that the intensity of thrombus inflammation at day 4 predicted the magnitude of DVT resolution at day 6 (P<0.05). In a second approach, noninvasive fluorescence molecular tomography-computed tomography was used and detected macrophages within jugular DVT (P<0.05 versus sham controls). CONCLUSIONS Integrated fluorescence molecular-structural imaging demonstrates that the DVT-induced inflammatory response can be readily assessed in vivo and can inform the magnitude of thrombus resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Ripplinger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Chase W. Kessinger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason R. McCarthy
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter K. Henke
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Farouc A. Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Shah AM, Botnar RM. Advances in molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: shedding new light on in vivo cardiovascular biology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1397-410. [PMID: 23064836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00583.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of the cardiovascular system heavily relies on the development of new imaging probes and technologies to facilitate visualization of biological processes underlying or preceding disease. Molecular imaging is a highly active research discipline that has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. It has broadened our understanding of oncologic, neurologic, and cardiovascular diseases by providing new insights into the in vivo biology of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. As it allows for the longitudinal evaluation of biological processes, it is ideally suited for monitoring treatment response. In this review, we will concentrate on the major accomplishments and advances in the field of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction with a special focus on magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkystis Phinikaridou
- Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Mura S, Couvreur P. Nanotheranostics for personalized medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1394-416. [PMID: 22728642 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, known as nanomedicine, has gained much interest in the recent past, as versatile strategy for selective drug delivery and diagnostic purposes. The already encouraging results obtained with monofunctional nanomedicines have directed the efforts of the scientists towards the creation of "nanotheranostics" (i.e. theranostic nanomedicines) which integrate imaging and therapeutic functions in a single platform. Nanotheranostics hold great promises because they combine the simultaneous non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of diseases with the exciting possibility to monitor in real time drug release and distribution, thus predicting and validating the effectiveness of the therapy. Due to these features nanotheranostics are extremely attractive for optimizing treatment outcomes in cancer and other severe diseases. The following step is the attempt to use nanotheranostics for performing a real personalized medicine which will tailor optimized treatment to each patient, taking into account the individual variability. Clinical application of nanotheranostics would enable earlier detection and treatment of diseases and earlier assessment of the response, thus allowing screening for patients which would potentially respond to therapy and have higher possibilities of a favorable outcome. This concept makes nanotheranostics extremely appealing to elaborate personalized therapeutic protocols for achieving the maximal benefit along with a high safety profile. Among the several systems developed up to now, this review focuses on the nanotheranostics which, due to the promising results, show the highest potential of translation to clinical applications and may transform into concrete practice the concept of personalized nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mura
- Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Geelen T, Paulis LEM, Coolen BF, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Contrast-enhanced MRI of murine myocardial infarction - part I. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:953-968. [PMID: 22308108 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of contrast agents has added considerable value to the existing cardiac MRI toolbox that can be used to study murine myocardial infarction, as it enables detailed in vivo visualization of the molecular and cellular processes that occur in the infarcted and remote tissue. A variety of non-targeted and targeted contrast agents to study myocardial infarction are available and under development. Manganese, which acts as a calcium analogue, can be used to assess cell viability. Traditionally, low-molecular-weight Gd-containing contrast agents are employed to measure infarct size in a late gadolinium enhancement experiment. Gd-based blood-pool agents are used to study the vascular status of the myocardium. The use of targeted contrast agents facilitates more detailed imaging of pathophysiological processes in the acute and chronic infarct. Cell death was visualized by contrast agents functionalized with annexin A5 that binds specifically to phosphatidylserine accessible on dying cells and with an agent that binds to the exposed DNA of dead cells. Inflammation in the myocardium was depicted by contrast agents that target cell adhesion molecules expressed on activated endothelium, by contrast agents that are phagocytosed by inflammatory cells, and by using a probe that targets enzymes excreted by inflammatory cells. Cardiac remodeling processes were visualized with a contrast agent that binds to angiogenic vasculature and with an MR probe that specifically binds to collagen in the fibrotic myocardium. These recent advances in murine contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI have made a substantial contribution to the visualization of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling processes and the progression to heart failure, which helps to design new treatments. This review discusses the advances and challenges in the development and application of MRI contrast agents to study murine myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Geelen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
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37
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In vivo bioluminescence imaging of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in vascular inflammation. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 13:1061-6. [PMID: 21057879 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and is associated with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We studied bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to track iNOS gene expression in a murine model of vascular inflammation. PROCEDURES Macrophage-rich vascular lesions were induced by carotid ligation plus high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes in 18 iNOS-luc reporter mice. In vivo iNOS expression was imaged serially by BLI over 14 days, followed by in situ BLI and histology. RESULTS BLI signal from ligated carotids increased over 14 days (9.7 ± 4.4 × 10(3 ) vs. 4.4 ± 1.7 × 10(3) photons/s/cm(2)/sr at baseline, p < 0.001 vs. baseline, p < 0.05 vs. sham controls). Histology confirmed substantial macrophage infiltration, with iNOS and luciferase expression, only in ligated left carotid arteries and not controls. CONCLUSIONS BLI allows in vivo detection of iNOS expression in murine carotid lesions and may provide a valuable approach for monitoring vascular gene expression and inflammation in small animal models.
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Molecular Imaging of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-011-9118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang J, Liu Y, Hou Y, Chen Z, Gu N. Near-infrared fluorescence labeling of iron nanoparticles and applications for cell labeling and in vivo imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 906:221-237. [PMID: 22791436 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-953-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) labeled iron nanoparticles were synthesized and applied to labeling human cells for monitoring the engraftment process, imaging tumors, testing intracellular molecular environment surrounding the nanoparticles, and tracing biodistribution of nanoparticles in vivo. These studies demonstrated that the NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles provided an excellent method not only for cell labeling but also for in vivo monitoring and tracing of iron nanoparticles due to the excellent in vivo imaging performance of the NIR fluorophores. However, the availability of commercial iron nanoparticles labeled with suitable NIRF dyes is limited. Optimal wavelength for in vivo imaging is centered at 800 nm, where tissue autofluorescence is minimal. Here we describe the manufacture of 12-nm 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles, their labeling with a new near-infrared fluorophore, IRDye800CW (excitation/emission: 778/806 nm), and their applications for cell labeling and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Wang
- Experimental Center of Biotechnology and Biomaterials, BME, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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40
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Tassa C, Shaw SY, Weissleder R. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: a versatile platform for targeted molecular imaging, molecular diagnostics, and therapy. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:842-52. [PMID: 21661727 DOI: 10.1021/ar200084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of disease susceptibility coupled with prominent successes for molecular targeted therapies have resulted in an emerging strategy of personalized medicine. This approach envisions risk stratification and therapeutic selection based on an individual's genetic makeup and physiologic state (the latter assessed through cellular or molecular phenotypes). Molecularly targeted nanoparticles can play a key role in this vision through noninvasive assessments of molecular processes and specific cell populations in vivo, sensitive molecular diagnostics, and targeted delivery of therapeutics. A superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle with a cross-linked dextran coating, or CLIO, is a powerful and illustrative nanoparticle platform for these applications. These structures and their derivatives support diagnostic imaging by magnetic resonance (MRI), optical, and positron emission tomography (PET) modalities and constitute a versatile platform for conjugation to targeting ligands. A variety of conjugation methods exist to couple the dextran surface to different functional groups; in addition, a robust bioorthogonal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between 1,2,4,5-tetrazene (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) can conjugate nanoparticles to targeting ligands or label pretargeted cells. The ready availability of conjugation methods has given rise to the synthesis of libraries of small molecule modified nanoparticles, which can then be screened for nanoparticles with specificity for a specific cell type. Since most nanoparticles display their targeting ligands in a multivalent manner, a detailed understanding of the kinetics and affinity of a nanoparticle's interaction with its target (as determined by surface plasmon resonance) can yield functionally important insights into nanoparticle design. In this Account, we review applications of the CLIO platform in several areas relevant to the mission of personalized medicine. We demonstrate rapid and highly sensitive molecular profiling of cancer markers ex vivo, as part of detailed, individualized molecular phenotyping. The CLIO platform also facilitates targeted magnetic resonance and combined modality imaging (such as MR/PET/fluorescence/CT) to enable multiplexed measurement of molecular phenotypes in vivo for early diagnosis and disease classification. Finally, the targeted delivery of a photodynamic therapy agent as part of a theranostic nanoparticle successfully increased local cell toxicity and minimized systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tassa
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Stanley Y. Shaw
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Hwang BH, Kim MH, Chang K. Molecular imaging of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques: is it clinically translatable? Korean Circ J 2011; 41:497-502. [PMID: 22022323 PMCID: PMC3193039 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.9.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosive epidemics of diabetes and obesity as well as an aging population have led to cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of world-wide morbidity and mortality beyond cancer. The recent introduction of drug-eluting stents and medications such as statins, dual anti-platelet therapy, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has dramatically improved clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, mortality is still increasing despite state-of-the-art therapeutics, as current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular disease center on "locking the barn door after the horse has been stolen". Novel diagnostic solutions that identify individuals at risk before the disease is overt are needs. Imaging approaches that visualize molecular targets rather than anatomical structures aim to illuminate vital molecular and cellular aspects of atherosclerosis biology in vivo. Recent technological advances in small animal imaging systems and dedicated targeted/activatable molecular imaging probes have positioned molecular imaging to greatly impact atherosclerosis imaging in the next decade. However, several issues must be addressed before its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hee Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kobayashi H, Longmire MR, Ogawa M, Choyke PL. Rational chemical design of the next generation of molecular imaging probes based on physics and biology: mixing modalities, colors and signals. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4626-48. [PMID: 21607237 PMCID: PMC3417232 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous in vivo molecular imaging probes have been developed. As a consequence, much has been published on the design and synthesis of molecular imaging probes focusing on each modality, each type of material, or each target disease. More recently, second generation molecular imaging probes with unique, multi-functional, or multiplexed characteristics have been designed. This critical review focuses on (i) molecular imaging using combinations of modalities and signals that employ the full range of the electromagnetic spectra, (ii) optimized chemical design of molecular imaging probes for in vivo kinetics based on biology and physiology across a range of physical sizes, (iii) practical examples of second generation molecular imaging probes designed to extract complementary data from targets using multiple modalities, color, and comprehensive signals (277 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bldg. 10, Room B3B69, MSC 1088, 10 Center Dr Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
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Abstract
Molecular MRI plays an important role in studying molecular and cellular processes associated with heart disease. Targeted probes that recognize important biomarkers of atherosclerosis, apoptosis, necrosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis and inflammation have been developed. This review discusses the properties of chemically different contrast agents including iron oxide nanoparticles, gadolinium-based nanoparticles or micelles, discrete peptide conjugates and activatable probes. Numerous examples of contrast agents based on these approaches have been used in preclinical MRI of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical applications are still under investigation for some selected agents with highly promising initial results. Molecular MRI shows great potential for the detection and characterization of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, as well as for monitoring response to therapy.
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Abstract
Traditional imaging modalities such as computed tomography, although perfectly adept at identifying and quantifying advanced calcification, cannot detect the early stages of this disorder and offer limited insight into the mechanisms of mineral dysregulation. This review presents optical molecular imaging as a promising tool that simultaneously detects pathobiological processes associated with inflammation and early stages of calcification in vivo at the (sub)cellular levels. Research into treatment of cardiovascular calcification is lacking, as shown by clinical trials that have failed to demonstrate the reduction of calcific aortic stenosis. Hence, the need to elucidate the pathways that contribute to cardiovascular calcification and to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse calcification has driven investigations into the use of molecular imaging. This review discusses studies that have used molecular imaging methods to advance knowledge of cardiovascular calcification, focusing in particular on the inflammation-dependent mechanisms of arterial and aortic valve calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E P New
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gupta AS. Nanomedicine approaches in vascular disease: a review. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:763-79. [PMID: 21601009 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanomedicine approaches have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and vascular diseases, where the limitations of rapid nonspecific clearance, poor biodistribution and harmful side effects associated with direct systemic drug administration can be overcome by packaging the agents within sterically stabilized, long-circulating nanovehicles that can be further surface-modified with ligands to actively target cellular/molecular components of the disease. With significant advancements in genetics, proteomics, cellular and molecular biology and biomaterials engineering, the nanomedicine strategies have become progressively refined regarding the modulation of surface and bulk chemistry of the nanovehicles, control of drug release kinetics, manipulation of nanoconstruct geometry and integration of multiple functionalities on single nanoplatforms. The current review aims to capture the various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades. Analysis of the promises and limitations of these approaches will help identify and optimize vascular nanomedicine systems to enhance their efficacy and clinical translation in the future. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Nanomedicine-based approaches have had a major impact on the treatment and diagnosis of malignancies and vascular diseases. This review discusses various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades, highlighting their advantages, limitations and offering new perspectives on future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Tardif JC, Lesage F, Harel F, Romeo P, Pressacco J. Imaging Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:319-33. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.962001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.-C.T.), Radiology (J.P.), Nuclear Medicine (F.H.), and Pathology (P.R.) and the Research Center (F.L.), Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.-C.T.), Radiology (J.P.), Nuclear Medicine (F.H.), and Pathology (P.R.) and the Research Center (F.L.), Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Harel
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.-C.T.), Radiology (J.P.), Nuclear Medicine (F.H.), and Pathology (P.R.) and the Research Center (F.L.), Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Romeo
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.-C.T.), Radiology (J.P.), Nuclear Medicine (F.H.), and Pathology (P.R.) and the Research Center (F.L.), Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josephine Pressacco
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.-C.T.), Radiology (J.P.), Nuclear Medicine (F.H.), and Pathology (P.R.) and the Research Center (F.L.), Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jacobin-Valat MJ, Deramchia K, Mornet S, Hagemeyer CE, Bonetto S, Robert R, Biran M, Massot P, Miraux S, Sanchez S, Bouzier-Sore AK, Franconi JM, Duguet E, Clofent-Sanchez G. MRI of inducible P-selectin expression in human activated platelets involved in the early stages of atherosclerosis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:413-424. [PMID: 21192086 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage of atherogenesis remains a major challenge for the evaluation of the pathologic state of patients at high risk of acute coronary syndromes. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of platelet-endothelial cell interactions in atherosclerosis-prone arteries at early stages, and the prominent role of P-selectin in the initial loose contact between platelets and diseased vessel walls. A specific MR contrast agent was developed here for the targeting, with high affinity, of P-selectin expressed in large amounts on activated platelets and endothelial cells. For this purpose, PEGylated dextran/iron oxide nanoparticles [PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)], named versatile ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (VUSPIO) particles, labeled with rhodamine were coupled to an anti-human P-selectin antibody (VH10). Flow cytometry and microscopy experiments on human activated platelets were highly correlated with MRI (performed at 4.7 and 0.2 T), with a 50% signal decrease in T(2) and T(1) values corresponding to the strong labeling of activated vs resting platelets. The number of 1000 VH10-VUSPIO nanoparticles attained per activated platelet appeared to be optimal for the detection of hypo- and hyper-signals in the platelet pellet on T(2) - and T(1) -weighted MRI. Furthermore, in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE mice at 4.7 T showed a spatial resolution adapted to the imaging of intimal thickening and a hypo-signal at 4.7 T, as a result of the accumulation of VH10-VUSPIO nanoparticles in the plaque. Our work provides support for the further assessment of the use of VH10-VUSPIO nanoparticles as a promising imaging modality able to identify the early stages of atherosclerosis with regard to the pertinence of both the target and the antibody-conjugated contrast agent used.
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Chen T, Shukoor MI, Chen Y, Yuan Q, Zhu Z, Zhao Z, Gulbakan B, Tan W. Aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for bioanalysis and biotechnology applications. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:546-556. [PMID: 21109879 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have captured the attention of scientists from a wide spectrum of domains. With their unique properties, nanomaterials offer great promise for numerous applications, ranging from catalysis to energy harvesting and information technology. Functionalized with the desired biomolecules, nanomaterials can also be utilized for many biomedical applications. This paper summarizes recent achievements in the use of aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for bioanalysis and biotechnology applications. First, we discuss the features and properties of aptamers and then illustrate the use of aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials as sensing platforms and delivery vehicles, emphasizing how such integration can result in enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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Hou Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Gu N, Wang J. Manufacture of IRDye800CW-coupled Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their applications in cell labeling and in vivo imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:25. [PMID: 21034487 PMCID: PMC2984479 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-labeled iron nanoparticles have been synthesized and applied in a number of applications, including the labeling of human cells for monitoring the engraftment process, imaging tumors, sensoring the in vivo molecular environment surrounding nanoparticles and tracing their in vivo biodistribution. These studies demonstrate that NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles provide an efficient probe for cell labeling. Furthermore, the in vivo imaging studies show excellent performance of the NIR fluorophores. However, there is a limited selection of NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles with an optimal wavelength for imaging around 800 nm, where tissue autofluorescence is minimal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop additional alternative NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles for application in this area. RESULTS This study manufactured 12-nm DMSA-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles labeled with a near-infrared fluorophore, IRDye800CW (excitation/emission, 774/789 nm), to investigate their applicability in cell labeling and in vivo imaging. The mouse macrophage RAW264.7 was labeled with IRDye800CW-labeled Fe3O4 nanoparticles at concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 μg/ml for 24 h. The results revealed that the cells were efficiently labeled by the nanoparticles, without any significant effect on cell viability. The nanoparticles were injected into the mouse via the tail vein, at dosages of 2 or 5 mg/kg body weight, and the mouse was discontinuously imaged for 24 h. The results demonstrated that the nanoparticles gradually accumulated in liver and kidney regions following injection, reaching maximum concentrations at 6 h post-injection, following which they were gradually removed from these regions. After tracing the nanoparticles throughout the body it was revealed that they mainly distributed in three organs, the liver, spleen and kidney. Real-time live-body imaging effectively reported the dynamic process of the biodistribution and clearance of the nanoparticles in vivo. CONCLUSION IRDye800CW-labeled Fe3O4 nanoparticles provide an effective probe for cell-labeling and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hou
- State key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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50
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Chen W, Cormode DP, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for vascular and cardiac diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:146-161. [PMID: 20967875 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanoparticle contrast agents for molecular imaging have made magnetic resonance imaging a promising modality for noninvasive visualization and assessment of vascular and cardiac disease processes. This review provides a description of the various nanoparticles exploited for imaging cardiovascular targets. Nanoparticle probes detecting inflammation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis may provide tools for assessing the risk of progressive vascular dysfunction and heart failure. The utility of nanoparticles as multimodal probes and/or theranostic agents has also been investigated. Although clinical application of these nanoparticles is largely unexplored, the potential for enhancing disease diagnosis and treatment is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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