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Król-Kulikowska M, Abramenko N, Jakubek M, Banasik M, Kepinska M. The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Polymorphisms in the Risk of Development and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:995. [PMID: 38398308 PMCID: PMC10889548 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is responsible for the production of angiotensin II, and increased production of angiotensin II is observed in diabetes. What is more, ACE polymorphisms may play a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to assess the role of selected ACE polymorphisms (rs4343 and rs4646994) in the risk of development of diabetic nephropathy and in the likelihood of renal replacement therapy. METHODS ACE polymorphisms were analyzed in a group of 225 patients who were divided into three subgroups. The rs4343 polymorphism was determined using the PCR-RFLP, and the rs4646994 polymorphism was determined using the PCR. Molecular docking between domains of ACE and its ligands was performed by using AutoDock Vina. RESULTS The G/G genotype of rs4343 polymorphism is associated with increased odds of developing diabetic nephropathy. The G allele is also associated with a higher risk of this disease. Similar results were obtained in patients who had already had a kidney transplant as a result of diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS The presence of G/G and G/A genotypes, and the G allele increases the likelihood of developing diabetic nephropathy. This may also be a risk factor for renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Król-Kulikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Nikita Abramenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.J.)
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.J.)
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mirosław Banasik
- Department and Clinic of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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2
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Gonzalez AA, Visniauskas B, Reverte V, Sure VN, Vallotton Z, Torres BS, Acosta MA, Zemedkun M, Katakam PV, Prieto MC. Urinary Angiotensinogen Displays Sexual Dimorphism in Non-Diabetic Humans and Mice with Overweight. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:635. [PMID: 38203807 PMCID: PMC10779427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased body weight (BW) induces inappropriate renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. The activation of the intrarenal RAS is associated with increased urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT), blood pressure (BP), and kidney damage. Here, we examined uAGT excretion levels in young non-diabetic human subjects with overweight (OW) and non-diabetic mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OW. Human subjects (women and men; 20-28 years old) included two groups: (a) overweight (OW, n = 17, BMI ≥ 25); and (b) controls (normal weight (NW; n = 26, BMI ≤ 25). In these subjects, we measured BP, albuminuria, and protein levels of uAGT by ELISA adjusted by urinary creatinine (expressed by uAGT/uCrea). Mice (female and male C57BL/6J mice, 8 ± 2 weeks of age) also included two groups: HFD or normal fat diet (NFD) fed for 8 weeks. We measured BW, fasting blood glucose (FBG), BP by telemetry, albuminuria, and uAGT by ELISA. In humans: (i) no significant changes were observed in BP, albuminuria, and FBG when comparing NW and OW subjects; (ii) multivariate logistic regression analysis of independent predictors related to uAGT/uCrea levels demonstrated a strong association between uAGT and overweight; (iii) urinary reactive oxygen species (ROS) were augmented in men and women with OW; (iv) the uAGT/uCrea ratio was higher in men with OW. However, the uAGT/uCrea values were lower in women even with OW. In mice: (i) males fed an HFD for 8 weeks became OW while females did not; (ii) no changes were observed either in FBG, BP, or albuminuria; (iii) kidney ROS were augmented in OW male mice after 28 weeks but not in females; (iv) OW male mice showed augmented excretion of uAGT but this was undetectable in females fed either NFD or HFD. In humans and mice who are OW, the urinary excretion of AGT differs between males and females and overcomes overt albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Virginia Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ventaka N. Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zoe Vallotton
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bryan S. Torres
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Marco A. Acosta
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mahlet Zemedkun
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Prasad V. Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Renal and Hypertension Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis: a potential target for diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1182848. [PMID: 37383398 PMCID: PMC10296190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1182848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most vigorous organelle in intracellular metabolism and is involved in physiological processes such as protein and lipid synthesis and calcium ion transport. Recently, the abnormal function of the ER has also been reported to be involved in the progression of kidney disease, especially in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we reviewed the function of the ER and summarized the regulation of homeostasis through the UPR and ER-phagy. Then, we also reviewed the role of abnormal ER homeostasis in residential renal cells in DN. Finally, some ER stress activators and inhibitors were also summarized, and the possibility of maintaining ER homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target for DN was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Noei Razliqi R, Ahangarpour A, Mard SA, Khorsandi L. Gentisic acid protects against diabetic nephropathy in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin administered male mice by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation: The role of miR-200a/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and NF-кB. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110507. [PMID: 37120126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of DN by exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation.Gentisic acid (GA), a phenolic compound and also a metabolite of aspirin, is reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of GA against DN remain to be elucidated. Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) were used to induce diabetes in male mice. Oral administration of GA once daily for 2 weeks (100 mg/kg) ameliorated diabetes-induced renal injury by reducing plasma creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albuminuria levels. Diabetic mice showed a significant increase in total oxidant status and malondialdehyde, along with decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the kidney tissue, which was ameliorated in the GA-treated mice. Histopathological analysis showed that GA treatment reduced diabetes-induced renal injury. Furthermore, GA treatment was associated with the downregulation of miR-125b, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-кB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and upregulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), miR-200a, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the renal tissue. GA treatment also downregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX 2) and upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In conclusion, the ameliorative effects of GA against DN may be attributed to its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the downregulation of NF-кB, upregulation of Nrf2, and modulation of RAS in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Noei Razliqi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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5
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Renal Denervation Influences Angiotensin II Types 1 and 2 Receptors. Int J Nephrol 2022; 2022:8731357. [PMID: 36262553 PMCID: PMC9576444 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8731357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) are two critical regulatory systems in the kidney which affect renal hemodynamics and function. These two systems interact with each other so that angiotensin II (Ang II) has the presynaptic effect on the norepinephrine secretion. Another aspect of this interaction is that the sympathetic nervous system affects the function and expression of local RAS receptors, mainly Ang II receptors. Therefore, in many pathological conditions associated with an increased renal sympathetic tone, these receptors' expression changes and renal denervation can normalize these changes and improve the diseases. It seems that the renal sympathectomy can alter Ang II receptors expression and the distribution of RAS receptors in the kidneys, which influence renal functions.
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Kuma K, Tsuda S, Fukui A, Yoshitomi R, Haruyama N, Nakayama M. Low plasma renin activity is independently associated with kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy, including those with impaired kidney function: a 2-year prospective study. Endocr J 2022; 69:547-557. [PMID: 34897193 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma renin activity (PRA) is lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) than in healthy individuals. However, the association, if any, between PRA and renal outcomes in patients with DN remains uncertain. In a 2-year prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the association of PRA with the decline in kidney function in patients with DN. We studied 97 patients with DN who were categorized according to tertile (T1-T3) of PRA. The annual changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) were determined from the slope of the linear regression curve for eGFR. The secondary endpoint was defined as a composite of the doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease. Results showed that kidney function rapidly declined with lower tertiles of PRA (median value [interquartile range] of the annual eGFR changes: -8.8 [-18.5 to -4.2] for T1, -8.0 [-14.3 to -3.2] for T2, and -3.1 [-6.3 to -2.0] for T3; p for trend <0.01). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that, compared with T3, T1 was associated with a larger annual change in eGFR (coefficient, -4.410; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.910 to -0.909 for T1). Composite renal events occurred in 46 participants. In multivariable Cox analysis, the lower tertiles of PRA (T1 and T2) were associated with higher incidences of the composite renal outcome (T2: hazard ratio [HR], 4.78; 95% CI, 1.64-13.89; T1: HR, 4.85; 95% CI 1.61-14.65) than T3. In conclusion, low PRA is independently associated with poor renal outcomes in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kuma
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Susumu Tsuda
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Ryota Yoshitomi
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
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Dağdeviren Çakır A, Saygılı SK, Canpolat N, Konukoğlu D, Turan H, Çalışkan S, Sever L, Ercan O, Evliyaoğlu O. Elevated Urinary VEGF-A, Transferrin, and Angiotensinogen Levels in Normoalbuminuric Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Can They Be Early Markers of Diabetic Kidney Disease? Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:426-432. [PMID: 34915504 DOI: 10.1159/000521447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that diabetic kidney disease (DKD) begins early, before albuminuria occurs. We therefore aimed to assess potential early urinary biomarkers of DKD in normoalbuminuric and normotensive children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to evaluate the relationship between these markers and clinical and laboratory risk factors for DKD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 75 children and adolescents with T1D (62% females, mean age 13.9 ± 3.2 years) with normoalbuminuria (an albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR] below 30 mg/g creatinine). Fifty-five age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents served as controls. For the assessment of early DKD, urinary levels of angiotensinogen (AGT), transferrin, nephrin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured in adequately collected 24-h urine samples using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS The mean disease duration was 7.3 ± 3.2 (range 2.1-15.7) years, and the mean HbA1c level was 8.8 ± 1.4%. The median levels of urine VEGF-A/Cr, AGT/Cr, and transferrin/Cr were significantly higher in normoalbuminuric patients with T1D, compared with those of controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p = 0.001, respectively), but there was no difference in nephrin/Cr and KIM-1/Cr between the 2 groups. Although none of the patients had albuminuria, the median level of urine ACR was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.003). The ACR was positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urinary transferrin/Cr, AGT/Cr, and VEGF-A/Cr were significantly correlated with ACR, but not with either GFR or diabetic risk factors including HbA1c or disease duration. CONCLUSION Normoalbuminuric and normotensive children and adolescents with T1D have elevated urinary VEGF, AGT, and transferrin levels, which may indicate the development of DKD before albuminuria occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydilek Dağdeviren Çakır
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Sişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seha Kamil Saygılı
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Canpolat
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Çalışkan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lale Sever
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ferrario CM, Groban L, Wang H, Sun X, VonCannon JL, Wright KN, Ahmad S. The renin–angiotensin system biomolecular cascade: a 2022 update of newer insights and concepts. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2022; 12:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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9
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Visniauskas B, Arita DY, Rosales CB, Feroz MA, Luffman C, Accavitti MJ, Dawkins G, Hong J, Curnow AC, Thethi TK, Lefante JJ, Jaimes EA, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Fonseca VA, Prieto MC. Sex differences in soluble prorenin receptor in patients with type 2 diabetes. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:33. [PMID: 33933156 PMCID: PMC8088668 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soluble prorenin receptor (sPRR), a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is elevated in plasma of patients with preeclampsia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to examine the relationship between sPRR and RAS activation to define whether sexual dimorphisms in sPRR might explain sex disparities in renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Two hundred sixty-nine participants were included in the study (mean age, 48 ± 16 years; 42% men, 58% women), including 173 controls and 96 subjects with type 2 diabetes. In plasma and urine, we measured sPRR, plasma renin activity (PRA), and prorenin. In the urine, we also measured angiotensinogen along with other biomarkers of renal dysfunction. RESULTS Plasma sPRR and PRA were significantly higher in women with type 2 diabetes compared to men. In these women, plasma sPRR was positively correlated with PRA, age, and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, in men the sPRR in urine but not in plasma positively correlated with eGFR in urine, but negatively correlated with urine renin activity, plasma glucose, age, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, sPRR contributes to RAS stimulation in a sex-dependent fashion. In diabetic women, increased plasma sPRR parallels the activation of systemic RAS; while in diabetic men, decreased sPRR in urine matches intrarenal RAS stimulation. sPRR might be a potential indicator of intrarenal RAS activation and renal dysfunction in men and women with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Danielle Y. Arita
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Carla B. Rosales
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Mohammed A. Feroz
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Christina Luffman
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Michael J. Accavitti
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Gabrielle Dawkins
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Jennifer Hong
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Andrew C. Curnow
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Tina K. Thethi
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL USA
| | - John J. Lefante
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Edgar A. Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, New Orleans, LA USA
- Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology and Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Vivian A. Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
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10
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Oba S, Ayuzawa N, Nishimoto M, Kawarazaki W, Ueda K, Hirohama D, Kawakami-Mori F, Shimosawa T, Marumo T, Fujita T. Aberrant DNA methylation of Tgfb1 in diabetic kidney mesangial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16338. [PMID: 30397232 PMCID: PMC6218490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation may underlie the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Involvement of TGFB1 in mesangial fibrosis of DN led us to hypothesize that Tgfb1 DNA demethylation contributes to progression of DN. In primary mesangial cells from diabetic (db/db) mouse kidneys, demethylation of Tgfb1 DNA and upregulation of Tgfb1 mRNA progressed simultaneously. USF1 binding site in Tgfb1 promoter region were demethylated, and binding of USF1 increased, with decreased binding of DNMT1 in db/db compared with control. Given downregulation of Tgfb1 expression by folic acid, antioxidant Tempol reversed DNA demethylation, with increased and decreased recruitment of DNMT1 and USF1 to the promoter, resulting in decreased Tgfb1 expression in db/db mice. Addition of H2O2 to mesangial cells induced DNA demethylation and upregulated Tgfb1 expression. Finally, Tempol attenuated mesangial fibrosis in db/db mice. We conclude that aberrant DNA methylation of Tgfb1 due to ROS overproduction play a key to mesangial fibrosis during DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Oba
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Mita Hospital IUHW, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Angiotensin II induces calcium-mediated autophagy in podocytes through enhancing reactive oxygen species levels. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Wang J, Shibayama Y, Kobori H, Liu Y, Kobara H, Masaki T, Wang Z, Nishiyama A. High glucose augments angiotensinogen in human renal proximal tubular cells through hepatocyte nuclear factor-5. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185600. [PMID: 29053707 PMCID: PMC5650141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose has been demonstrated to induce angiotensinogen (AGT) synthesis in the renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) of rats, which may further activate the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and contribute to diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high glucose on AGT in the RPTCs of human origin and identify the glucose-responsive transcriptional factor(s) that bind(s) to the DNA sequences of AGT promoter in human RPTCs. Human kidney (HK)-2 cells were treated with normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high glucose (15.0 mM), respectively. Levels of AGT mRNA and AGT secretion of HK-2 cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Consecutive 5’-end deletion mutant constructs and different site-directed mutagenesis products of human AGT promoter sequences were respectively transfected into HK-2 cells, followed by AGT promoter activity measurement through dual luciferase assay. High glucose significantly augmented the levels of AGT mRNA and AGT secretion of HK-2 cells, compared with normal glucose treatment. High glucose also significantly augmented AGT promoter activity in HK-2 cells transfected with the constructs of human AGT promoter sequences, compared with normal glucose treatment. Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-5 was found to be one of the glucose-responsive transcriptional factors of AGT in human RPTCs, since the mutation of its binding sites within AGT promoter sequences abolished the above effects of high glucose on AGT promoter activity as well as levels of AGT mRNA and its secretion. The present study has demonstrated, for the first time, that high glucose augments AGT in human RPTCs through HNF-5, which provides a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Yuki Shibayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Nephrology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Goru SK, Kadakol A, Malek V, Pandey A, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Diminazene aceturate prevents nephropathy by increasing glomerular ACE2 and AT 2 receptor expression in a rat model of type1 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3118-3130. [PMID: 28688122 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One of the protective actions of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is the inactivation of angiotensin II. Expression and activity of ACE2 was reduced in glomeruli of diabetic patients and in animal models of diabetes. Recently the potential role of recombinant ACE2 administration in preventing diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been shown. Here we have tested the effects of the ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate (DIZE), in a model of DN. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic using a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg·kg-1 , i.p.). After 4 weeks, diabetic animals were divided into experimental groups and treated with DIZE, at a low dose (5 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ), a high dose (15 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) and the high dose with of the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ). At the end of the treatment , kidneys from all the groups were collected and processed separately for glomerular isolation, protein isolation, mRNA extraction and for immunohistochemical studies. KEY RESULTS Treatment with DIZE restored ACE2 expression in glomeruli and increased expression of AT2 receptors in whole kidney and isolated glomeruli of diabetic animals. DIZE administration reduced angiotensin II levels and increased angiotensin-(1-7) levels in diabetic kidney. However, PD123319 treatment reversed all these actions of DIZE. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DIZE treatment reduced diabetes-induced renal damage as shown by reduction of fibrosis and apoptosis. These protective actions of DIZE were blocked by the AT2 receptor antagonist. Taken together, these results suggest that DIZE protected against DN through the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/ AT2 receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Goru
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Almesh Kadakol
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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14
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Lee MJ, Kim SS, Kim IJ, Song SH, Kim EH, Seo JY, Kim JH, Kim S, Jeon YK, Kim BH, Kim YK. Changes in Urinary Angiotensinogen Associated with Deterioration of Kidney Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:782-788. [PMID: 28378551 PMCID: PMC5383610 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.5.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) is potentially a specific biomarker for the status of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with diabetes mellitus. We explored whether changes in urinary AGT excretion levels were associated with the deterioration of kidney function in type 2 diabetes patients with preserved kidney function. Urinary baseline AGT levels were measured in 118 type 2 diabetic patients who were not taking RAS blockers and who had estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m². A total of 91 patients were followed-up for 52 months. Changes in urinary levels of AGT (ΔAGT) were calculated by subtracting urinary AGT/creatinine (Cr) at baseline from urinary AGT/Cr after 1 year. ΔAGT was significantly inversely correlated with annual eGFR change (β = -0.29, P = 0.006; β = -0.37, P = 0.001 after adjusting for clinical factors). RAS blockers were prescribed in 36.3% of patients (n = 33) during follow-up. The ΔAGT values were lower in the RAS blockers users than in the non-RAS blockers users, but the differences were not statistically significant (7.37 ± 75.88 vs. 22.55 ± 57.45 μg/g Cr, P = 0.081). The ΔAGT values remained significantly correlated with the annual rate of eGFR change (β = -0.41, P = 0.001) in the patients who did not use RAS blockers, but no such correlation was evident in the patients who did. ΔAGT is inversely correlated with annual changes in eGFR in type 2 diabetes patients with preserved kidney function, particularly in RAS blocker-naïve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Heui Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sungsu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Kim
- Kim Yong Ki Internal Medicine Clinic, Busan, Korea
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15
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Tam J. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis and treatment of kidney diseases. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:267-76. [PMID: 26280171 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous lipid ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors that also mediate the effects of marijuana. The eCB system is comprised of eCBs, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, their cannabinoid-1 and cannabinoid-2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively), and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation. It is present in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs including the kidney. The current review focuses on the role of the eCB system in normal kidney function and various diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, that directly contributes to the development of renal pathologies. Normally, activation of the CB1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. These effects can be chronically ameliorated by CB1 receptor blockers. In contrast, activation of the renal CB2 receptors reduces the deleterious effects of these chronic diseases. Because the therapeutic potential of globally acting CB1 receptor antagonists in these conditions is limited due to their neuropsychiatric adverse effects, the recent development of peripherally restricted CB1 receptor antagonists may represent a novel pharmacological approach in treating renal diseases.
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16
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Reichhart N, Crespo-Garcia S, Haase N, Golic M, Skosyrski S, Rübsam A, Herrspiegel C, Kociok N, Alenina N, Bader M, Dechend R, Strauss O, Joussen AM. The TetO rat as a new translational model for type 2 diabetic retinopathy by inducible insulin receptor knockdown. Diabetologia 2017; 60:202-211. [PMID: 27704165 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy, its influence therein has not been systematically evaluated. Here we test the suitability of a new translational model of diabetic retinopathy, the TetO rat, for addressing the role of angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AT1) blockade in experimental diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced by tetracycline-inducible small hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of the insulin receptor in rats, generating TetO rats. Systemic treatment consisted of an AT1 blocker (ARB) at the onset of diabetes, following which, 4-5 weeks later the retina was analysed in vivo and ex vivo. Retinal function was assessed by Ganzfeld electroretinography (ERG). RESULTS Retinal vessels in TetO rats showed differences in vessel calibre, together with gliosis. The total number and the proportion of activated mononuclear phagocytes was increased. TetO rats presented with loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and ERG indicated photoreceptor malfunction. Both the inner and outer blood-retina barriers were affected. The ARB treated group showed reduced gliosis and an overall amelioration of retinal function, alongside RGC recovery, whilst no statistically significant differences in vascular and inflammatory features were detected. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The TetO rat represents a promising translational model for the early neurovascular changes associated with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. ARB treatment had an effect on the neuronal component of the retina but not on the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Reichhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Golic
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Skosyrski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Rübsam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina Herrspiegel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Kociok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Mizushige T, Kobori H, Hitomi H, Nishijima Y, Tomoda F, Morimoto S, Kohno M, Nishiyama A. Urinary Angiotensinogen Could Be a Prognostic Marker of the Renoprotection of Olmesartan in Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1800. [PMID: 27801805 PMCID: PMC5133801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to demonstrate urinary angiotensinogen as a potential prognostic marker of the albuminuria reduction effects of olmesartan in patients with metabolic syndrome. In 24 patients (eight women, 57.88 ± 2.00 years), 5-40 mg/day of olmesartan were given. Urinary concentrations of albumin and angiotensinogen (normalized by urinary concentrations of creatinine) and plasma renin activity were measured before and after the 12- and 24-week marks of olmesartan treatment. Olmesartan treatment increased plasma renin activity and decreased urinary albumin and urinary angiotensinogen significantly (p < 0.05). Based on the % change in urinary albumin, patients were divided into two groups, responders (<-50%) and non-responders (≥-50%), and a logistic analysis of urinary angiotensinogen before treatment showed the area under the curve as 0.694. When the cutoff value of urinary angiotensinogen before the treatment of 13.9 µg/g Cr was used, the maximum Youden index (0.500, specificity: 11/12 = 91.7% and sensitivity: 7/12 = 58.3%) was obtained. When all patients were re-divided into two groups, those with higher values of urinary angiotensinogen before the treatment (Group H, n = 16) and those with lower values, Group H showed significantly decreased urinary albumin (p < 0.05). Therefore, urinary angiotensinogen could be a prognostic marker of the albuminuria reduction effects of olmesartan in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mizushige
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Nephrology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 107-0062, Japan.
- Departments of Physiology and of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Hirofumi Hitomi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nishijima
- Department of Medicine, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Fumihiro Tomoda
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University School of Medicine, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Kohno
- Department of Medicine, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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18
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Naqvi SAJ, Ahsan S, Fawwad A, Basit A, Shera AS. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with type 1 diabetes. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:559-64. [PMID: 27375689 PMCID: PMC4928398 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.323.9399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in normotensive patient with type 1 diabetes. METHODS A two year non-placebo control prospective study was conducted after ethical approval at Diabetes Centre of Diabetic Association of Pakistan, a WHO collaborating centre in Karachi, Pakistan. All patients with type 1 diabetes visited the out-patients department from August 2009 till July 2011 and those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate. A total of 121 people aged ≥18 years and ≥ 5 years of diabetes were included. Pregnant and lactating woman and those aged <18 years were excluded. GFR was calculated by using CKD-EPI formula (eGFR) at baseline and after two year. On the basis of estimated GFR, patients at baseline were divided according to KDIGO classification of chronic kidney diseases into, hyperfiltration (eGFR ≥ 100 ml/min) and normal filtration group (eGFR < 100 ml/min). All subjects in hyperfiltration group received ACE inhibitor (treatment group) while patients with normal filtration did not receive ACE inhibitor (control group). RESULTS Fifty two patients (43%) were in the treatment and sixty nine (57%) were in the control group. At baseline eGFR, systolic and diastolic blood pressures between groups were non-significantly different. After two years, compared to baseline, eGFR of the treatment group declined and the control group increased significantly. No significant difference in systolic while diastolic blood pressure of the treatment group increased significantly after two years compared to baseline. In contrast both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of control group increased significantly after two years compared to their baseline values. CONCLUSION Present study demonstrated that initiation of ACEI in hyperfiltration stage declined GFR and keep blood pressure within normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Jaffar Naqvi
- S. A. Jaffar Naqvi, Chief Executive, The Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ahsan
- Shahid Ahsan, MBBS, MPhil (Biochemistry), MPhil (NCD). Associate Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Asher Fawwad, PhD. Associate Professor, Baqai Medical University, Senior Research Scientist, Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Abdul Basit, FRCP. Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Samad Shera
- A Samad Shera, FRCP. Honorary President (IDF), Secretary General (DAP), Director WHO Collaborating Centre, Diabetic Association of Pakistan, 5-E / 3, Nazimabad, Karachi-74600, Pakistan
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19
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Gallagher H, Suckling RJ. Diabetic nephropathy: where are we on the journey from pathophysiology to treatment? Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:641-7. [PMID: 26743887 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy affects 30-40% of people with diabetes, and is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. The current treatment paradigm relies on early detection, glycaemic control and tight blood pressure management with preferential use of renin-angiotensin system blockade. This strategy has transformed outcomes in diabetic kidney disease over the last 20 years. Over the last two decades we have also witnessed significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy; however, despite this new knowledge, we have yet to develop new treatments of proven efficacy. Whilst a continued emphasis on preclinical and clinical research is clearly needed, clinicians treating people with diabetes should not forget that, in the short term, the greatest gains are likely to be realised by more consistent deployment of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gallagher
- SW Thames Renal Unit, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UK
| | - R J Suckling
- SW Thames Renal Unit, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UK
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20
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Minas JN, Thorwald MA, Conte D, Vázquez-Medina JP, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Angiotensin and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates cardiac oxidative stress in angiotensin II-infused rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:1178-88. [PMID: 26234762 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone contribute to hypertension, oxidative stress and cardiovascular damage, but the contributions of aldosterone during Ang II-dependent hypertension are not well defined because of the difficulty to assess each independently. To test the hypothesis that during Ang II infusion, oxidative and nitrosative damage is mediated through both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: (i) control; (ii) Ang II infused (80 ng/min × 28 days); (iii) Ang II + AT1 receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg losartan/kg per day × 21 days); (iv) Ang II + mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist (Epl; 100 mg eplerenone/day × 21 days); and (v) Ang II + ARB + Epl (Combo; × 21 days). Both ARB and combination treatments completely alleviated the Ang II-induced hypertension, whereas eplerenone treatment only prolonged the onset of the hypertension. Eplerenone treatment exacerbated the Ang II-mediated increase in plasma and heart aldosterone 2.3- and 1.8-fold, respectively, while ARB treatment reduced both. Chronic MR blockade was sufficient to ameliorate the AT1-mediated increase in oxidative damage. All treatments normalized protein oxidation (nitrotyrosine) levels; however, only ARB and Combo treatments completely reduced lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal) to control levels. Collectively, these data suggest that receptor signalling, and not the elevated arterial blood pressure, is the principal culprit in the oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular damage in Ang II-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N Minas
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Max A Thorwald
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Debra Conte
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa Medical University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Li C, Culver SA, Quadri S, Ledford KL, Al-Share QY, Ghadieh HE, Najjar SM, Siragy HM. High-fat diet amplifies renal renin angiotensin system expression, blood pressure elevation, and renal dysfunction caused by Ceacam1 null deletion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E802-10. [PMID: 26374765 PMCID: PMC4628940 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00158.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAMl), a substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates insulin action by promoting insulin clearance. Global null mutation of Ceacam1 gene (Cc1(-/-)) results in features of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, visceral adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and albuminuria. It also causes activation of the renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet enhances the expression of RAS components. Three-month-old wild-type (Cc1(+/+)) and Cc1(-/-) mice were fed either a regular or a high-fat diet for 8 wk. At baseline under regular feeding conditions, Cc1(-/-) mice exhibited higher blood pressure, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and renal expression of angiotensinogen, renin/prorenin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, (pro)renin receptor, angiotensin subtype AT1 receptor, angiotensin II, and elevated PI3K phosphorylation, as detected by p85α (Tyr(508)) immunostaining, inflammatory response, and the expression of collagen I and collagen III. In Cc1(+/+) mice, high-fat diet increased blood pressure, UACR, the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II, PI3K phosphorylation, inflammatory response, and the expression of collagen I and collagen III. In Cc1(-/-) mice, high-fat intake further amplified these parameters. Immunohistochemical staining showed increased p-PI3K p85α (Tyr(508)) expression in renal glomeruli, proximal, distal, and collecting tubules of Cc1(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. Together, this demonstrates that high-fat diet amplifies the permissive effect of Ceacam1 deletion on renal expression of all RAS components, PI3K phosphorylation, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Silas A Culver
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Syed Quadri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Kelly L Ledford
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Qusai Y Al-Share
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
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O'Neill J, Fasching A, Pihl L, Patinha D, Franzén S, Palm F. Acute SGLT inhibition normalizes O2 tension in the renal cortex but causes hypoxia in the renal medulla in anaesthetized control and diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F227-34. [PMID: 26041448 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00689.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early stage diabetic nephropathy is characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration and reduced renal tissue Po2. Recent observations have indicated that increased tubular Na(+)-glucose linked transport (SGLT) plays a role in the development of diabetes-induced hyperfiltration. The aim of the present study was to determine how inhibition of SLGT impacts upon Po2 in the diabetic rat kidney. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in Sprague-Dawley rats 2 wk before experimentation. Renal hemodynamics, excretory function, and renal O2 homeostasis were measured in anesthetized control and diabetic rats during baseline and after acute SGLT inhibition using phlorizin (200 mg/kg ip). Baseline arterial pressure was similar in both groups and unaffected by SGLT inhibition. Diabetic animals displayed reduced baseline Po2 in both the cortex and medulla. SGLT inhibition improved cortical Po2 in the diabetic kidney, whereas it reduced medullary Po2 in both groups. SGLT inhibition reduced Na(+) transport efficiency [tubular Na(+) transport (TNa)/renal O2 consumption (Qo2)] in the control kidney, whereas the already reduced TNa/Qo2 in the diabetic kidney was unaffected by SGLT inhibition. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that when SGLT is inhibited, renal cortex Po2 in the diabetic rat kidney is normalized, which implies that increased proximal tubule transport contributes to the development of hypoxia in the diabetic kidney. The reduction in medullary Po2 in both control and diabetic kidneys during the inhibition of proximal Na(+) reabsorption suggests the redistribution of active Na(+) transport to less efficient nephron segments, such as the medullary thick ascending limb, which results in medullary hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie O'Neill
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Angelica Fasching
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Pihl
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Daniela Patinha
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Stephanie Franzén
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Park JH, Jang HR, Lee JH, Lee JE, Huh W, Lee KB, Kwon YJ, Do JY, Kim HY, Kim YG. Comparison of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients with overt proteinuria. Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 20:279-85. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Park
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine; Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- Department of Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kwon
- Department of Medicine; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jun Young Do
- Department of Medicine; Yeungnam University Hospital; Daegu Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Medicine; Chungbuk National University Hospital; Cheongju Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kim
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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24
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de Alencar Franco Costa D, Todiras M, Campos LA, Cipolla-Neto J, Bader M, Baltatu OC. Sex-dependent differences in renal angiotensinogen as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:740-6. [PMID: 25529203 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the roles of androgens in diabetes-associated renal injury. METHODS Renal injury and fibrosis were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by albuminuria and by gene expression of collagen I and fibronectin. RAS was investigated by analysing the plasma angiotensinogen (AOGEN) and renin activity (PRA) and their renal gene expression. Also, a group of diabetic rats was treated with the anti-androgen flutamide. RESULTS Albuminuria was significantly lower in diabetic females than in males (1.2 [0.8-1.5] versus 4.4 [2.2-6.1] mg/24 h, data are median [IQR] values, P < 0.05). Renal AOGEN mRNA levels were increased by diabetes in males (8.1 ± 0.8% in diabetes versus 0.8 ± 0.2% in control, P < 0.001) but not in females (1.0 ± 0.1% in diabetes versus 0.8 ± 0.1% in control, P > 0.05), as were collagen I and fibronectin mRNAs. Furthermore, AOGEN mRNA levels were strongly correlated with albuminuria (Spearman r = 0.64, 95% [CI] 0.36-0.81, P < 0.0001). Diabetes decreased PRA, renal renin mRNA and plasma AOGEN in both females and males. Anti-androgen treatment decreased albuminuria only in diabetic males without affecting the endocrine or renal RAS. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that renal but not hepatic AOGEN or renin is positively associated with diabetic albuminuria and contribute to the sex-dependent differences in renal injury. Androgens may contribute to albuminuria in male independently of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. de Alencar Franco Costa
- Center of Innovation; Technology and Education-(CITE); University Camilo Castelo Branco; Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - M. Todiras
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - L. A. Campos
- Center of Innovation; Technology and Education-(CITE); University Camilo Castelo Branco; Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
- Technology Park; Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - J. Cipolla-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Bader
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - O. C. Baltatu
- Center of Innovation; Technology and Education-(CITE); University Camilo Castelo Branco; Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
- Technology Park; Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
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Bertoncello N, Moreira RP, Arita DY, Aragão DS, Watanabe IKM, Dantas PS, Santos R, Mattar-Rosa R, Yokota R, Cunha TS, Casarini DE. Diabetic Nephropathy Induced by Increased Ace Gene Dosage Is Associated with High Renal Levels of Angiotensin (1-7) and Bradykinin. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:674047. [PMID: 26442284 PMCID: PMC4579315 DOI: 10.1155/2015/674047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Population studies have shown an association between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (ACE in humans, Ace in mice). The aim was to evaluate the modulation of Ace copies number and diabetes mellitus (DM) on renal RAS and correlate it with indicators of kidney function. Increased number of copies of the Ace gene, associated with DM, induces renal dysfunction. The susceptibility to the development of DN in 3 copies of animals is associated with an imbalance in activity of RAS enzymes leading to increased synthesis of Ang II and Ang-(1-7). Increased concentration of renal Ang-(1-7) appears to potentiate the deleterious effects triggered by Ang II on kidney structure and function. Results also show increased bradykinin concentration in 3 copies diabetic group. Taken together, results indicate that the deleterious effects described in 3 copies diabetic group are, at least in part, due to a combination of factors not usually described in the literature. Thus, the data presented here show up innovative and contribute to understanding the complex mechanisms involved in the development of DN, in order to optimize the treatment of patients with this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Bertoncello
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Peres Moreira
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Yuri Arita
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle S. Aragão
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Kazue Mizuno Watanabe
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S. Dantas
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ralmony Santos
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Mattar-Rosa
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Yokota
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Sousa Cunha
- Science and Technology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Dulce Elena Casarini:
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26
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Mizushige T, Kobori H, Nishijima Y, Yano Y, Sakata K, Hayakawa M, Nishiyama A. Urinary Angiotensinogen Could Be a Prognostic Marker of Renoprotective Effects of Alogliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:517472. [PMID: 26380312 PMCID: PMC4562181 DOI: 10.1155/2015/517472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were (1) to examine the renoprotective effects of alogliptin and (2) to establish urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) as a prognostic marker of renoprotective effects of alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS In 43 patients with T2D (18 women, 66.1 ± 1.71 years), 25 mg/day of alogliptin was added to the traditional hypoglycemic agents and/or nondrug treatments. Urinary concentrations of albumin (Alb) and AGT, normalized by urinary concentrations of creatinine (Cr) (UAlbCR and UAGTCR, respectively), were measured before and after the 12-week alogliptin treatment. RESULTS Alogliptin treatment tended to decrease UAlbCR (99.6 ± 26.8 versus 114.6 ± 36.0 mg/g Cr, P = 0.198). Based on % change in UAlbCR, patients were divided into two groups, responders (< -25%) and nonresponders (≥ -25%), and a logistic analysis of UAGTCR before treatment showed cutoff value of 20.8 µg/g Cr. When all patients were redivided into two groups, those with higher values of UAGTCR before the treatment (Group H, n = 20) and those with lower values (Group L), Group H showed significantly decreased UAlbCR in response to alogliptin (-14.6 ± 8.6 versus +22.8 ± 16.8%, P = 0.033). CONCLUSION Urinary AGT could be a prognostic marker of renoprotective effects of alogliptin in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mizushige
- Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- *Hiroyuki Kobori:
| | - Yoko Nishijima
- Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Sakata
- Miyazaki University School of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Thibodeau JF, Holterman CE, Burger D, Read NC, Reudelhuber TL, Kennedy CRJ. A novel mouse model of advanced diabetic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113459. [PMID: 25514595 PMCID: PMC4267730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available rodent models exhibit characteristics of early diabetic nephropathy (DN) such as hyperfiltration, mesangial expansion, and albuminuria yet features of late DN (hypertension, GFR decline, tubulointerstitial fibrosis) are absent or require a significant time investment for full phenotype development. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to develop a mouse model of advanced DN with hypertension superimposed (HD mice). Mice transgenic for human renin cDNA under the control of the transthyretin promoter (TTRhRen) were employed as a model of angiotensin-dependent hypertension. Diabetes was induced in TTRhRen mice through low dose streptozotocin (HD-STZ mice) or by intercrossing with OVE26 diabetic mice (HD-OVE mice). Both HD-STZ and HD-OVE mice displayed more pronounced increases in urinary albumin levels as compared with their diabetic littermates. Additionally, HD mice displayed renal hypertrophy, advanced glomerular scarring and evidence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Both HD-OVE and HD-STZ mice showed evidence of GFR decline as FITC-inulin clearance was decreased compared to hyperfiltering STZ and OVE mice. Taken together our results suggest that HD mice represent a robust model of type I DN that recapitulates key features of human disease which may be significant in studying the pathogenesis of DN and in the assessment of putative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Thibodeau
- Kidney Research Centre, Division of Nephrology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chet E. Holterman
- Kidney Research Centre, Division of Nephrology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Division of Nephrology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi C. Read
- Kidney Research Centre, Division of Nephrology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy L. Reudelhuber
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher R. J. Kennedy
- Kidney Research Centre, Division of Nephrology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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28
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Hofni A, El-Moselhy MA, Taye A, Khalifa MM. Combination therapy with spironolactone and candesartan protects against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:173-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Overactive cannabinoid 1 receptor in podocytes drives type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5420-8. [PMID: 25422468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419901111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, and overactivity of the endocannabinoid/cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) system contributes to diabetes and its complications. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats develop type 2 diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria, reduced glomerular filtration, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative/nitrative stress, podocyte loss, and increased CB1R expression in glomeruli. Peripheral CB1R blockade initiated in the prediabetic stage prevented these changes or reversed them when animals with fully developed diabetic nephropathy were treated. Treatment of diabetic ZDF rats with losartan, an angiotensin II receptor-1 (Agtr1) antagonist, attenuated the development of nephropathy and down-regulated renal cortical CB1R expression, without affecting the marked hyperglycemia. In cultured human podocytes, CB1R and desmin gene expression were increased and podocin and nephrin content were decreased by either the CB1R agonist arachydonoyl-2'-chloroethylamide, angiotensin II, or high glucose, and the effects of all three were antagonized by CB1R blockade or siRNA-mediated knockdown of CNR1 (the cannabinoid type 1 receptor gene). We conclude that increased CB1R signaling in podocytes contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy and represents a common pathway through which both hyperglycemia and increased RAS activity exert their deleterious effects, highlighting the therapeutic potential of peripheral CB1R blockade.
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Hanna MOF, Shahin RMH, Meshaal SS, Kostandi IF. Susceptibility and progression of end stage renal disease are not associated with angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:381-5. [PMID: 25316403 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.956757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism, A1166C, has been shown to be associated with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and its progression. There is also some evidence that HLA class II alleles are associated with ESRD independent of other factors. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between AT1R gene polymorphism in the susceptibility and progression to ESRD in patients with chronic renal failure and to investigate if the AT1R genotypes and HLA-DR alleles predict the time to ESRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping was performed in 50 ESRD patients and 44 control subjects for the AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). ESRD patients were examined for HLA-DRB1 alleles according to a reverse hybridization line probe assay. RESULTS Allele and genotype frequencies of the AT1R polymorphism did not differ significantly between ESRD patients and controls. Furthermore, there was no association between the AT1R gene polymorphism or HLA-DRB1 alleles with the time to the occurrence of end stage failure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We concluded that the AT1R genotype does not contribute to the genetic susceptibility of ESRD and is not associated with progression of chronic kidney failure to ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Inas F Kostandi
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Kasr Al Ainy , Cairo , Egypt
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31
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Gao N, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang Z. The inhibitory effect of angiotensin II on BKCa channels in podocytes via oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:217-22. [PMID: 25234195 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important active substance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The present study has confirmed that abnormalities of Ang II may be related with cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, such as: cerebral hypoxia, diabetes, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and liver cirrhosis. However, understanding effects of Ang II on podocytes is not enough. This study was to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on the large conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BKCa). Results from the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that Ang II induced podocyte death in a concentration-dependent manner. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) generation demonstrated that Ang II decreased the total SOD of cellular levels. Meaningfully, pretreatment of a type of ROS scavenger formulations named N-(mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (N-MPG) could inhibit podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II. Meanwhile, patch-clamp technique was used in this study to detect the effects of Ang II on currents of BKCa channel in podocytes. The results indicated that Ang II inhibited the current amplitude of BKCa channel and decreased the slope of I-V curve. Ang II also made the activation curves of BKCa channel shift to the left. These results may provide a theoretical basis for potential treatment of chronic glomerular disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge regarding the role of the intrarenal rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the regulation of glomerular function including glomerular dynamics and filtration rate, glomerular permeability and structural alterations during chronic increases in intrarenal angiotensin (Ang) II. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have continued to delineate the complex interactions among the various RAS components that participate in regulating glomerular function. Although Ang II acting on AT1 receptors remains as the predominant influence on glomerular dynamics, some of these effects are indirectly mediated by Ang II modulating the sensitivity of the macula densa tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism as well as the more recently described feedback mechanism from the connecting tubule. Interestingly, the actions of Ang II on these systems cause opposite effects on glomerular function demonstrating the complexities associated with the influences of Ang II on glomerular function. When chronically elevated, Ang II also stimulates and/or interacts with other factors, including reactive oxygen species, cytokines and growth factors and other hormones or paracrine agents, to elicit structural alterations. SUMMARY Recent studies have provided further evidence for the presence of many components of the RAS in glomerular structures, which supports the importance of locally produced angiotensin peptides to regulate glomerular haemodynamics, filtration rate and macromolecular permeability and contribute to fibrosis and glomerular injury when inappropriately augmented.
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Nasrallah R, Hassouneh R, Hébert RL. Chronic kidney disease: targeting prostaglandin E2 receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F243-50. [PMID: 24966087 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of disease mechanisms has been gained in recent years, but the current management strategies are ineffective at preventing disease progression. A widespread focus of research is placed on elucidating the specific processes implicated to find more effective therapeutic options. PGE2, acting on its four EP receptors, regulates many renal disease processes; thus EP receptors could prove to be important targets for kidney disease intervention strategies. This review summarizes the major pathogenic mechanisms contributing to initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, emphasizing the role of hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We have long recognized the multifaceted role of PGs in both the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, yet studies are only now seriously contemplating specific EP receptors as targets for therapy. Given the plethora of renal complications attributed to PG involvement in the kidney, this review highlights these pathogenic events and emphasizes the PGE2 receptor targets as options available to complement current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nasrallah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramzi Hassouneh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Hébert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Yao Y, Fomison-Nurse IC, Harrison JC, Walker RJ, Davis G, Sammut IA. Chronic bilateral renal denervation attenuates renal injury in a transgenic rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F251-62. [PMID: 24899056 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00578.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral renal denervation (BRD) has been shown to reduce hypertension and improve renal function in both human and experimental studies. We hypothesized that chronic intervention with BRD may also attenuate renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. This hypothesis was examined in a female streptozotocin-induced diabetic (mRen-2)27 rat (TGR) shown to capture the cardinal features of human diabetic nephropathy. Following diabetic induction, BRD/sham surgeries were conducted repeatedly (at the week 3, 6, and 9 following induction) in both diabetic and normoglycemic animals. Renal denervation resulted in a progressive decrease in systolic blood pressure from first denervation to termination (at 12 wk post-diabetic induction) in both normoglycemic and diabetic rats. Renal norepinephrine content was significantly raised following diabetic induction and ablated in denervated normoglycemic and diabetic groups. A significant increase in glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion was seen in the diabetic kidneys; this morphological appearance was markedly reduced by BRD. Immunohistochemistry and protein densitometric analysis of diabetic innervated kidneys confirmed the presence of significantly increased levels of collagens I and IV, α-smooth muscle actin, the ANG II type 1 receptor, and transforming growth factor-β. Renal denervation significantly reduced protein expression of these fibrotic markers. Furthermore, BRD attenuated albuminuria and prevented the loss of glomerular podocin expression in these diabetic animals. In conclusion, BRD decreases systolic blood pressure and reduces the development of renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and albuminuria in this model of diabetic nephropathy. The evidence presented strongly suggests that renal denervation may serve as a therapeutic intervention to attenuate the progression of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Joanne C Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Walker
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gerard Davis
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; and
| | - Ivan A Sammut
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;
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Kamiyama M, Garner MK, Farragut KM, Sofue T, Hara T, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Imanishi M, Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Detailed localization of augmented angiotensinogen mRNA and protein in proximal tubule segments of diabetic kidneys in rats and humans. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:530-42. [PMID: 24910532 PMCID: PMC4046880 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, angiotensinogen levels are well known to be increased in diabetes, and these enhanced intrarenal angiotensinogen levels may initiate the development and accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the specific localization of the augmented angiotensinogen in proximal tubule segments in diabetes is still unknown. We investigated the detailed localization of angiotensinogen in 3 proximal tubule segments in the diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats and the control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. We also prepared OLETF rats treated with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, olmesartan or with a combination of vasodilator agents. Moreover, biopsied samples of human kidney cortex were used to confirm the results of animal studies. We examined the co-localization of angiotensinogen with segment-specific markers by double staining using fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunofluorescence. Angiotensinogen mRNA expression was barely detectable in segment 1. In segment 3, the area of angiotensinogen mRNA expression was augmented in the OLETF rats compared with the LETO rats. Angiotensinogen protein expression areas in segments 1 and 3 were also increased in the OLETF rats compared with the LETO rats. Chronic treatment with olmesartan ameliorated these areas of augmented angiotensinogen expression. Biopsied human kidney samples showed similar results. These data suggest that the augmented angiotensinogen mRNA levels in segment 3 and angiotensinogen protein levels in segments 1 and 3 may contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Kamiyama
- 1. Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; 2. Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michelle K Garner
- 1. Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; 2. Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kristina M Farragut
- 1. Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; 2. Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tadashi Sofue
- 4. Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Taiga Hara
- 4. Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- 6. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- 6. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Masahito Imanishi
- 6. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- 5. Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- 1. Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; 2. Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; 3. Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; 5. Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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36
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te Riet L, van den Heuvel M, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, van Esch JHM, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, Musterd-Bhaggoe U, Bouhuizen AM, Leijten FPJ, Danser AHJ, Batenburg WW. Deterioration of kidney function by the (pro)renin receptor blocker handle region peptide in aliskiren-treated diabetic transgenic (mRen2)27 rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1179-89. [PMID: 24694588 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in diabetic nephropathy is no longer feasible because of the profit/side effect imbalance. (Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] blockade with handle region peptide (HRP) has been reported to exert beneficial effects in various diabetic models in a RAS-independent manner. To what degree (P)RR blockade adds benefits on top of RAS blockade is still unknown. In the present study, we treated diabetic TGR(mREN2)27 rats, a well-established nephropathy model with high prorenin levels [allowing continuous (P)RR stimulation in vivo], with HRP on top of renin inhibition with aliskiren. Aliskiren alone lowered blood pressure and exerted renoprotective effects, as evidenced by reduced glomerulosclerosis, diuresis, proteinuria, albuminuria, and urinary aldosterone levels as well as diminished renal (P)RR and ANG II type 1 receptor expression. It also suppressed plasma and tissue RAS activity and suppressed cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide expression. HRP, when given on top of aliskiren, did not alter the effects of renin inhibition on blood pressure, RAS activity, or aldosterone. However, it counteracted the beneficial effects of aliskiren in the kidney, induced hyperkalemia, and increased plasma plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1, renal cyclooxygenase-2, and cardiac collagen content. All these effects have been linked to (P)RR stimulation, suggesting that HRP might, in fact, act as a partial agonist. Therefore, the use of HRP on top of RAS blockade in diabetic nephropathy is not advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk te Riet
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Mieke van den Heuvel
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Joep H M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Usha Musterd-Bhaggoe
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Angelique M Bouhuizen
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Frank P J Leijten
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Wendy W Batenburg
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
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Jha JC, Gray SP, Barit D, Okabe J, El-Osta A, Namikoshi T, Thallas-Bonke V, Wingler K, Szyndralewiez C, Heitz F, Touyz RM, Cooper ME, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KA. Genetic targeting or pharmacologic inhibition of NADPH oxidase nox4 provides renoprotection in long-term diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1237-54. [PMID: 24511132 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy may occur, in part, as a result of intrarenal oxidative stress. NADPH oxidases comprise the only known dedicated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-forming enzyme family. In the rodent kidney, three isoforms of the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase are expressed (Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4). Here we show that Nox4 is the main source of renal ROS in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin administration in ApoE(-/-) mice. Deletion of Nox4, but not of Nox1, resulted in renal protection from glomerular injury as evidenced by attenuated albuminuria, preserved structure, reduced glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, attenuated glomerular macrophage infiltration, and reduced renal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and NF-κB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ApoE(-/-) mice. Importantly, administration of the most specific Nox1/4 inhibitor, GKT137831, replicated these renoprotective effects of Nox4 deletion. In human podocytes, silencing of the Nox4 gene resulted in reduced production of ROS and downregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers that are implicated in diabetic nephropathy. Collectively, these results identify Nox4 as a key source of ROS responsible for kidney injury in diabetes and provide proof of principle for an innovative small molecule approach to treat and/or prevent chronic kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Barit
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Human Epigenetics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Human Epigenetics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamehachi Namikoshi
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Vicki Thallas-Bonke
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirstin Wingler
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- Diabetic Complications Division, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
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38
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Ishizawa K, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Yamano N, Urushihara M, Sakurada T, Imanishi M, Fujii S, Nuno A, Miyamoto L, Kihira Y, Ikeda Y, Kagami S, Kobori H, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Nitrosonifedipine ameliorates the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy by exerting antioxidative effects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86335. [PMID: 24489716 PMCID: PMC3904885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end-stage renal failure. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of DN. Nitrosonifedipine (NO-NIF) is a weak calcium channel blocker that is converted from nifedipine under light exposure. Recently, we reported that NO-NIF has potential as a novel antioxidant with radical scavenging abilities and has the capacity to treat vascular dysfunction by exerting an endothelial protective effect. In the present study, we extended these findings by evaluating the efficacy of NO-NIF against DN and by clarifying the mechanisms of its antioxidative effect. In a model of type 2 DN (established in KKAy mice), NO-NIF administration reduced albuminuria and proteinuria as well as glomerular expansion without affecting glucose metabolism or systolic blood pressure. NO-NIF also suppressed renal and systemic oxidative stress and decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, a marker of endothelial cell injury, in the glomeruli of the KKAy mice. Similarly, NO-NIF reduced albuminuria, oxidative stress, and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice. Moreover, NO-NIF suppressed urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) excretion and intrarenal AGT protein expression in proximal tubular cells in the KKAy mice. On the other hand, hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production was not attenuated by NO-NIF in cultured endothelial cells. These findings suggest that NO-NIF prevents the progression of type 2 DN associated with endothelial dysfunction through selective antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Sakurada
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujii
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asami Nuno
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Sun GD, Cui WP, Guo QY, Miao LN. Histone lysine methylation in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:654148. [PMID: 25215303 PMCID: PMC4158558 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) belongs to debilitating microvascular complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases worldwide. Furthermore, outcomes from the DCCT/EDIC study showed that DN often persists and progresses despite intensive glucose control in many diabetes patients, possibly as a result of prior episode of hyperglycemia, which is called "metabolic memory." The underlying mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of DN remain poorly understood. Activation of multiple signaling pathways and key transcription factors can lead to aberrant expression of DN-related pathologic genes in target renal cells. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms in chromatin such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and methylation can influence the pathophysiology of DN and metabolic memory. Exciting researches from cell culture and experimental animals have shown that key histone methylation patterns and the related histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases can play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory and profibrotic genes in renal cells under diabetic conditions. Because histone methylation is dynamic and potentially reversible, it can provide a window of opportunity for the development of much-needed novel therapeutic potential for DN in the future. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances in the field of histone methylation and its roles in the pathogenesis and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- *Guang-dong Sun: and
| | - Wen-peng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qiao-yan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Li-ning Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- *Li-ning Miao:
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40
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Translational studies on augmentation of intratubular renin-angiotensin system in hypertension. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2013; 3:321-325. [PMID: 25019012 PMCID: PMC4089772 DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2013.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various models of experimental hypertension and clinical examples of increased renin formation from a stenotic kidney or a juxtaglomerular cell tumor have shown that increased circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates the intrarenal/intratubular renin–angiotensin system (RAS) that elicits renal vasoconstriction, enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption, and progressive development of hypertension and renal injury. The enhanced intrarenal Ang II activity is due to both receptor-mediated Ang II uptake and Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor–mediated stimulation of renal angiotensinogen (AGT) mRNA and protein by proximal tubule cells. The increased AGT secretion leads to local formation of Ang II and spillover of AGT into the distal nephron segments as reflected by increased AGT excretion in the urine, which provides an index of intrarenal RAS activity. In clinical studies, increased urinary excretion of AGT has been demonstrated in hypertension, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and several types of chronic kidney diseases. In addition, renin secretion from principal cells of the collecting ducts is increased by AT1 receptor activation and acts on AGT from the proximal tubule to form more Ang I. Renin and/or (pro)renin activity is enhanced by binding to the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) on intercalated cells or secreted as soluble PRR contributing further to AGT cleavage, thus making more substrate available for Ang II conversion by local angiotensin-converting enzyme. The augmented intratubular Ang II concentrations together with elevated renal interstitial Ang II concentrations contribute to sustained stimulation of sodium reabsorption, vasoconstriction, development of hypertension, and progressive renal injury and fibrosis.
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Kamiyama M, Urushihara M, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Imanishi M, Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Oxidative stress/angiotensinogen/renin-angiotensin system axis in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23045-62. [PMID: 24284398 PMCID: PMC3856105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have proven that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockades retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy, the detailed mechanisms of their reno-protective effects on the development of diabetic nephropathy remain uncertain. In rodent models, it has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) augmentation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, no direct evidence is available to demonstrate that AGT expression is enhanced in the kidneys of patients with diabetes. To examine whether the expression levels of ROS- and RAS-related factors in kidneys are increased with the progression of diabetic nephropathy, biopsied samples from 8 controls and 27 patients with type 2 diabetes were used. After the biopsy, these patients were diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormality or diabetes mellitus by clinical and pathological findings. The intensities of AGT, angiotensin II (Ang II), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were greater in patients with diabetes than in control subjects. Moreover, the augmented intrarenal AGT mRNA expression paralleled renal dysfunction in patients with diabetes. These data suggest the importance of the activated oxidative stress/AGT/RAS axis in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Kamiyama
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; E-Mails: (M.K.); (M.U.)
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; E-Mails: (M.K.); (M.U.)
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (Y.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (Y.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahito Imanishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (Y.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Miki, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; E-Mails: (M.K.); (M.U.)
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Miki, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; E-Mail:
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-2591; Fax: +1-504-988-0911
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Mamenko M, Zaika O, Prieto MC, Jensen VB, Doris PA, Navar LG, Pochynyuk O. Chronic angiotensin II infusion drives extensive aldosterone-independent epithelial Na+ channel activation. Hypertension 2013; 62:1111-1122. [PMID: 24060890 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The inability of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade to reduce hypertension associated with high angiotensin (Ang) II suggests direct actions of Ang II to regulate tubular sodium reabsorption via the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. We used freshly isolated aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron from mice to delineate the synergism and primacy between aldosterone and Ang II in controlling functional ENaC activity. Inhibition of MR specifically prevented the increased number of functionally active ENaC, but not ENaC open probability elicited by a low sodium diet. In contrast, we found no functional role of glucocorticoid receptors in the regulation of ENaC activity by dietary salt intake. Simultaneous inhibition of MR and Ang II type 1 receptors ameliorated the enhanced ENaC activity caused by low dietary salt intake and produced significantly greater natriuresis than either inhibitor alone. Chronic systemic Ang II infusion induced more than 2 times greater increase in ENaC activity than observed during dietary sodium restriction. Importantly, ENaC activity remained greatly above control levels during maximal MR inhibition. We conclude that during variations in dietary salt intake both aldosterone and Ang II contribute complementarily to the regulation of ENaC activity in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. In contrast, in the setting of Ang II-dependent hypertension, ENaC activity is upregulated well above the physiological range and is not effectively suppressed by inhibition of the aldosterone-MR axis. This provides a mechanistic explanation for the resistance to MR inhibition that occurs in hypertensive subjects having elevated intrarenal Ang II levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Mamenko
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V Behrana Jensen
- Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
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